Intelligent agricultural automatic material uniformizing and sowing type unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent agricultural automatic material uniformizing and sowing type unmanned aerial vehicle, and relates to the technical field of agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles. The two material boxes are fixed to the two sides of the unmanned aerial vehicle body; the centrifugal sowing device is fixedly connected to the lower end of the unmanned aerial vehicle body through a bracket; wherein the centrifugal sowing device comprises a centrifugal throwing disc which is driven by a first driving motor to rotate; an opening is formed in the top end of the flow guide grid, the flow guide grid covers the upper portion of the periphery of the centrifugal projecting disc, and a non-contact gap exists between the flow guide grid and the periphery of the centrifugal projecting disc; and the discharging mechanism is used for conveying the materials in the material box to the centrifugal throwing disc. Seeds are dispersed through collision of the flow guide grids, seed flow thrown out by the centrifugal throwing disc is forcibly scattered, the unstable sowing process is changed into uniform sowing, and the field seedling emergence uniformity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural drone technology, specifically to a smart agricultural automatic seeding drone. Background Technology

[0002] With the deep integration of precision agriculture and intelligent equipment technology, the mechanization and intelligentization of agricultural production have become an inevitable trend to improve operational efficiency and resource utilization. Against this backdrop, agricultural drones, due to their superior maneuverability and efficiency, have been widely used in plant protection, fertilization, and sowing, gradually changing traditional agricultural production models.

[0003] Currently, most mainstream seeding drones on the market use centrifugal seeding systems, which work by throwing seeds out of the air through a high-speed rotating disc. However, this seemingly simple seeding process still has some problems: Firstly, in the material conveying process, there is a general problem of insufficient continuity and stability in material feeding. Seeds and other materials in the drone's feed hopper are prone to bridging or creating voids at the discharge port, leading to intermittent feeding and missed sowing in the field. Furthermore, seeds with high moisture content or coatings have poor flowability and are more likely to clog the conveying pipeline or outlet, severely impacting operational efficiency and reliability.

[0004] Secondly, traditional centrifugal seeding trays have inherent defects in terms of seed uniformity. When seeds are thrown from the edge of the tray, they are often concentrated on a few tracks due to the mechanical structure, aerodynamics, and their own characteristics. This results in uneven seed distribution, forming dense strips and blank areas, which cannot meet the strict agronomic requirements for uniform seeding and ultimately affects the uniformity of crop emergence and overall yield.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects and provide a smart agriculture automatic uniform seeding drone with stable feeding, uniform spreading and strong adaptability.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: A smart agriculture automatic uniform seeding drone includes: a drone body; and two material bins fixed to both sides of the drone body.

[0008] A centrifugal seeding device is fixedly connected to the lower end of the UAV body via a bracket; wherein, the centrifugal seeding device includes: a centrifugal spinning disc, which is driven to rotate by a first drive motor; and a flow guide grille, which has an opening at its top and covers the upper part of the outer periphery of the centrifugal spinning disc, and there is a non-contact gap between the grille and the outer periphery of the centrifugal spinning disc. A feeding mechanism is used to convey materials from the material bins to the centrifugal spinning disc. The feeding mechanism includes: a feeding cylinder, which is fixedly connected to and communicates with the lower ends of the two material bins on both sides; a discharge pipe is provided at the lower middle part of the feeding cylinder, and the discharge pipe is located above the centrifugal spinning disc; two conveying augers, symmetrically arranged inside the feeding cylinder and driven by two second drive motors fixed to the outer wall of the feeding cylinder, for conveying materials from the two material bins on both sides to the discharge pipe in the middle; and a gas conveyor, fixed to the drone body, which communicates with the interior of the feeding cylinder through a gas pipe, for introducing gas into the feeding cylinder to assist the stable flow of materials from the discharge pipe.

[0009] As an improvement, the flow guide grille is cylindrical or bowl-shaped.

[0010] As an improvement, a flexible sealing cover is also included. The flexible sealing cover has an annular structure, with its inner edge fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft of the centrifugal disc and its outer edge rotatably connected to the inner wall of the flow guide grid. The flexible sealing cover is configured to be able to twist with the rotation of the centrifugal disc and to adapt to changes in the tilt angle of the flow guide grid.

[0011] As an improvement, a support plate is provided below the flow guide grille, the support plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bracket, and the first drive motor is fixedly connected to the upper end of the support plate.

[0012] As an improvement, the flow guide grille is fixed, and the flow guide grille and the support plate are fixedly connected by at least one support rod.

[0013] As an improvement, the support rod is connected to the flow guide grille via an elastic ring, and a vibration motor is fixedly installed on the support rod or the flow guide grille.

[0014] As an improvement, the flow guide grille is adjustable and is connected to the support plate via an adjustment device, which is configured to drive the flow guide grille to change its tilt angle relative to the support plate.

[0015] As an improvement, the adjusting device is an electric push rod, the upper and lower ends of which are hinged to the guide grille and the support plate, respectively.

[0016] As an improvement, the adjusting device is a screw thread block structure, which is driven by a third drive motor fixed to the support plate, and the screw thread block structure is hinged to the guide grille by a rotating rod.

[0017] As an improvement, a downwardly inclined guide plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the flow guide grille, and the guide plate extends outward and downward from the lower edge of the flow guide grille.

[0018] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: (1) The design of dual material boxes combined with central pneumatic-assisted feeding is adopted. The material is conveyed to the center by the auger and fluidized by airflow, which fundamentally solves the problem of material being suspended and blocked in the material box and the feeding port, ensuring continuous and uninterrupted sowing operation.

[0019] (2) By colliding with the guide grid, the seeds are dispersed, and the seed flow thrown out by the centrifugal throwing disc is forcibly broken up, changing the unstable sowing process into uniform sowing and improving the uniformity of seedling emergence in the field.

[0020] (3) The guide grid can be designed to be adjustable, and the tilt angle can be adjusted in real time according to the flight speed and wind direction to dynamically correct the seeding pattern. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0022] Figure 1 This is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is an overall three-dimensional schematic diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical flow guide grille provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a bowl-shaped flow guide grille provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a fixed flow guide grille provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a top view of the airflow guide grille provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 This is a top view of the airflow guide grille provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic ring and the vibration motor provided in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the electric push rod adjustment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the lead screw thread block structure adjustment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; As shown in the figure: 1. UAV body; 2. Material bin; 3. Centrifugal spreading device; 31. Centrifugal disc; 32. First drive motor; 33. Guide grid; 4. Feeding mechanism; 41. Feeding cylinder; 42. Discharge pipe; 43. Conveying auger; 44. Second drive motor; 45. Gas conveyor; 46. Gas supply pipe; 5. Flexible sealing cover; 6. Support plate; 7. Support rod; 8. Elastic ring; 9. Vibration motor; 10. Adjustment device; 101. Electric push rod; 102. Screw thread block structure; 103. Third drive motor; 104. Rotating rod; 11. Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the present invention provides an intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone, including a drone body 1, two material boxes 2, a centrifugal spreading device 3 and a feeding mechanism 4. The two material boxes 2 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the drone body 1 to maintain the balance of the drone during flight. The centrifugal spreading device 3 is fixedly installed at the center of the lower part of the drone body 1 by a bracket.

[0025] The centrifugal spreading device 3 includes a centrifugal spinning disc 31, a flow guide grid 33, and a first drive motor 32. The first drive motor 32 is fixed on the bracket by a support plate 6. The centrifugal spinning disc 31 is connected to the output shaft of the first drive motor 32 and is driven to rotate at high speed by the first drive motor 32. The flow guide grid 33 covers the upper part of the outer periphery of the centrifugal spinning disc 31, and a certain non-contact gap is maintained between the two to prevent mutual friction.

[0026] In the centrifugal spreading device 3, the guide grid 33 is the core component for achieving uniform spreading. Its working principle is to force the material flow thrown out by the centrifugal throwing disc 31 to be homogenized through physical interference.

[0027] Specifically, when the seeds are accelerated and ejected by the high-speed rotating disc, they first collide with the mesh ribs of the guide grid 33. This crucial collision produces two core effects: first, it completely disperses the "seed jet" that might otherwise be concentrated; second, it forces the seeds to change their direction of movement, allowing them to pass randomly and evenly through the numerous mesh openings around them, thus transforming a concentrated point source sowing into a continuously and evenly distributed area source sowing, significantly improving the uniformity of the sowing pattern.

[0028] To balance durability and manufacturing cost, the flow guide grille 33 is preferably made of wear-resistant engineering plastics (such as nylon, polyurethane or reinforced ABS) through injection molding. Such materials can not only resist long-term impact and wear of seeds, but their inherent toughness can also effectively reduce the damage rate of seeds during collision and reduce operating noise.

[0029] Regarding its shape, the design of the guide grid 33 as either cylindrical or bowl-shaped has clear engineering considerations: the cylindrical structure is simple and easy to manufacture, relying mainly on the mesh on its side walls to achieve uniform dispersion; while the bowl-shaped structure can guide the seed flow to diffuse downwards at a wider angle after collision, helping to achieve a wider sowing width without increasing the height of the equipment. Both shapes can effectively fulfill their material equalization function, providing flexible choices for sowing needs in different operating scenarios.

[0030] The feeding mechanism 4 includes a feeding cylinder 41, a discharge pipe 42, two conveying augers 43, two second drive motors 44, a gas conveyor 45, and a gas supply pipe 46. The feeding cylinder 41 is arranged horizontally, with both ends connected to the bottom of the two material boxes 2. The two conveying augers 43 are symmetrically installed inside the feeding cylinder 41 and are driven by the two second drive motors 44 to convey materials from the two material boxes 2 to the middle. The discharge pipe 42 is located at the lower middle part of the feeding cylinder 41, directly opposite the centrifugal sling plate 31 below. The gas conveyor 45 is installed on the body 1 of the UAV and is connected to the inside of the feeding cylinder 41 through the gas supply pipe 46. By injecting gas into the feeding cylinder 41, the material is fluidized, which helps it flow out stably from the discharge pipe 42.

[0031] The gas conveyor 45 is installed on the body 1 of the UAV. It is connected to the air inlet at the top of the conveying cylinder 41 through the gas pipe 46. The gas conveyor 45 is a miniature vortex air pump or diaphragm pump. The gas it provides is air. The output pressure is preferably 5-15 kPa and the flow rate is 10-30 liters / minute. The gas is injected from the top of the conveying cylinder 41, which produces a slight agitation and fluidization effect on the material in the cylinder, effectively breaking the bridging phenomenon of the material and giving it initial kinetic energy, thereby assisting it to flow out stably and continuously from the discharge pipe 42.

[0032] To further improve equipment reliability and solve the problem of material jamming during gaps, such as Figure 8The present invention features an important improved structure: a flexible sealing cover 5 is provided between the centrifugal disc 31 and the guide grid 33. The flexible sealing cover 5 is an annular corrugated pipe structure, made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or neoprene rubber, with a tensile strength of not less than 20MPa and excellent resistance to flexural fatigue, to ensure that it can maintain sealing reliability and service life under long-term high-speed torsion and deformation. Its inner edge is fixed to the central rotating shaft of the centrifugal disc 31 by a clamping ring and rotates with the centrifugal disc 31. Its outer edge is connected to the inner wall of the guide grid 33 by an annular groove, allowing relative rotation. This structure can effectively prevent material from entering the gap and can also adapt to the inclination angle changes of the guide grid 33 in subsequent embodiments.

[0033] As an alternative anti-jamming design to the aforementioned flexible sealing cover scheme 5, such as Figure 7 The present invention also provides an embodiment through a narrow gap. In this embodiment, the radial gap between the outer peripheral edge of the centrifugal disc 31 and the inner wall of the guide grid 33 is strictly controlled within a narrow range, preferably 0.5 mm to 2 mm. This size design is intended to significantly increase the difficulty for major target seeds such as wheat and rice to enter and get stuck in the gap, while also accommodating changes in the inclination angle of the guide grid 33 in subsequent embodiments.

[0034] Based on this, the present invention provides two different implementations of the flow guide grille 33 to meet different operational requirements.

[0035] In the first embodiment, the flow guide grille 33 adopts a fixed structure. The support plate 6 is fixed to the bottom of the drone by a bracket. The first drive motor 32 is installed on the support plate 6. The flow guide grille 33 is fixedly connected to the support plate 6 by at least two support rods 7. In particular, in order to prevent material adhesion, the support rods 7 are connected to the flow guide grille 33 by elastic rings 8, and a vibration motor 9 is installed on the support rods 7. The vibration generated by the vibration motor 9 when it works is transmitted to the flow guide grille 33 through the support rods 7 and the elastic rings 8, which effectively prevents material from adhering and accumulating on the grille surface.

[0036] To provide better operational adaptability, the present invention also provides a second embodiment, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the flow guide grille 33 adopts an adjustable structure, the support rod 7 is reduced to one, and it is set at the lower rear of the flow guide grille 33. Its upper end is hinged to the flow guide grille 33, and its lower end is fixed on the support plate 6. An adjustment device 10 is provided at the lower front of the flow guide grille 33.

[0037] Specifically, the adjustment device 10 can be an electric push rod 101. The upper and lower ends of the electric push rod 101 are hinged to the guide grille 33 and the support plate 6, respectively. The tilt angle of the guide grille 33 can be adjusted by controlling the extension and retraction of the electric push rod 101.

[0038] Alternatively, the adjusting device 10 can also adopt a screw and thread block structure 102, including a screw, a nut block and a third drive motor 103. The third drive motor 103 is fixed on the support plate 6, drives the screw to rotate, and drives the nut block to move linearly. The nut block and the guide grille 33 are hinged through a rotating rod 104, which converts the linear motion of the nut block into the tilt angle change of the guide grille 33. It is worth noting that the screw adopts a self-locking trapezoidal screw, which can improve the stability of the device.

[0039] Preferably, a guide plate 11 is also fixedly connected to the lower end of the flow guide grid 33. The guide plate 11 extends outward and downward from the lower edge of the flow guide grid 33 to form a funnel-shaped structure. The guide plate 11 can protect the supporting plate 6 and the first drive motor 32 and other components below, and can also guide the flow of materials to avoid backflow.

[0040] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During operation, the two second drive motors 44 drive the two conveying screws 43 to rotate, conveying the material in the two side hoppers 2 to the middle. At the same time, the gas conveyor 45 introduces an appropriate amount of gas into the conveying cylinder 41 through the gas pipe 46 to fluidize the material and help it flow out stably from the discharge pipe 42. The material falls on the high-speed rotating centrifugal disc 31 and is accelerated and thrown out by centrifugal force. The thrown material collides with the guide grid 33, is dispersed and evenly distributed, forming a uniform spreading pattern.

[0041] When the adjustable guide grid 33 is used, the flight control system can adjust the tilt angle of the guide grid 33 in real time through the adjustment device 10 according to parameters such as the flight speed and wind direction of the UAV, thereby changing the material scattering trajectory and ensuring that ideal scattering uniformity can be obtained under different flight conditions.

[0042] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart agriculture automatic uniform seeding drone, characterized in that, include: Unmanned aerial vehicle body (1); Two material bins (2) are fixed to both sides of the UAV body (1); Centrifugal dispersing device (3) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the UAV body (1) by a bracket; The centrifugal dispersing device (3) includes: The centrifugal spinning disc (31) is driven to rotate by the first drive motor (32); A flow guide grille (33) has an opening at its top and covers the upper part of the outer periphery of the centrifugal swivel disc (31), and there is a non-contact gap between it and the outer periphery of the centrifugal swivel disc (31). The feeding mechanism (4) is used to transport the material in the hopper (2) to the centrifugal slinger (31); The feeding mechanism (4) includes: The feeding cylinder (41) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the material boxes (2) on both sides and communicates with them. The lower end of the middle part of the feeding cylinder (41) is provided with a discharge pipe (42), which is located above the centrifugal spinning disc (31). Two conveying augers (43) are symmetrically arranged inside the conveying cylinder (41) and are driven by two second drive motors (44) fixed to the outer wall of the conveying cylinder (41) respectively, for conveying the material in the material bins (2) on both sides to the discharge pipe (42) in the middle; A gas conveyor (45) is fixed on the body (1) of the UAV. It is connected to the inside of the material conveying cylinder (41) through a gas conveying pipe (46) and is used to introduce gas into the material conveying cylinder (41) to assist the material to flow out stably from the discharge pipe (42).

2. The intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide grille (33) is cylindrical or bowl-shaped.

3. The intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a flexible sealing cover (5), which is an annular structure. Its inner edge is fixedly connected to the central rotating shaft of the centrifugal disc (31), and its outer edge is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the guide grid (33). The flexible sealing cover (5) is configured to be able to twist with the rotation of the centrifugal disc (31) and to adapt to the change in the tilt angle of the guide grid (33).

4. The intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support plate (6) is provided below the flow guide grille (33), the support plate (6) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the bracket, and the first drive motor (32) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the support plate (6).

5. The intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flow guide grille (33) is fixed, and the flow guide grille (33) is fixedly connected to the support plate (6) by at least one support rod (7).

6. The intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support rod (7) is connected to the flow guide grille (33) through an elastic ring (8), and a vibration motor (9) is fixedly installed on the support rod (7) or the flow guide grille (33).

7. The intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flow guide grille (33) is adjustable and is connected to the support plate (6) via an adjustment device (10). The adjustment device (10) is configured to drive the flow guide grille (33) to change its tilt angle relative to the support plate (6).

8. The intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjustment device (10) is an electric push rod (101), the upper and lower ends of which are hinged to the flow guide grille (33) and the support plate (6), respectively.

9. The intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adjusting device (10) is a screw thread block structure (102), which is driven by a third drive motor (103) fixed on the support plate (6). The screw thread block structure (102) and the guide grille (33) are hinged by a rotating rod (104).

10. The intelligent agricultural automatic uniform seeding drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the flow guide grille (33) is fixedly connected to a downwardly inclined guide plate (11), which extends outward and downward from the lower edge of the flow guide grille (33).

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