Flange design for direct heating platinum delivery system

Abstract

A glass transfer system for heating molten glass is provided. The glass transfer system includes a glass transfer tube configured to allow molten glass to flow within an interior cavity of the glass transfer tube. The glass transfer system also includes a support assembly having an inner surface with an internal opening therein, the internal opening configured to receive the glass transfer tube. The internal opening has a height and a width, the height being greater than the width, and the support assembly is configured to receive the glass transfer tube within the internal opening.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 683408, filed August 15, 2024, pursuant to 35 USC §119, the contents of which form the basis of this invention and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments generally relate to flange assemblies for heating molten glass within a glass transfer tube and support assemblies for providing better support to the glass transfer tube. Background Technology

[0003] In a glass delivery system, molten glass is transported through a delivery system comprising multiple sets of pipes. These pipes are typically made of precious metals such as platinum or platinum-rhodium alloys. The pipes are capable of receiving electric current, which is configured to heat the pipes and the molten glass within them.

[0004] In existing flange designs, the current density varies around the pipe when current reaches it. Therefore, current flange designs often fail to adequately distribute the current around the pipe, resulting in higher current densities in some areas and lower current densities in others. When the current density differs significantly at different locations, the temperature at some points in the pipe or flange assembly may be higher or lower than at other points. Temperature differences can lead to thermal inhomogeneities in the glass itself, causing quality problems such as devitrification, streaks, and unmelted material inclusions. Furthermore, when the current density differs significantly at different locations, the material within the pipe and / or flange assembly may degrade at a faster rate, thus shortening the lifespan of the pipe and / or flange assembly.

[0005] To form glass, molten glass is typically transferred from one location within a larger assembly to another so that it can be refined. For example, glass is usually melted, clarified, and stirred. The assembly used for transferring the molten glass is subjected to extremely high temperatures. Alternatively, tubes are sometimes used to transfer the molten glass; the inner cavity of the tube is oblong or oval, with its width forming the major axis of the shape and its height forming the minor axis. The cavity has a width-to-height ratio equal to the width divided by the height. In many existing assemblies, the cavity has a width-to-height ratio greater than about 1.5. When using these constructions, the shape of certain areas of the glass transfer tube tends to be distorted, such as the upper portion of the glass transfer tube. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The various embodiments described herein provide designs for flange assemblies. The flange assembly may have a central opening configured to receive a glass transfer tube, such as a connection between a stirring chamber and a bowl in a glass transfer system. The flange assembly may be connected to a power source, such that current is conducted through the flange assembly and to the glass transfer tube, heating the glass transfer tube and transferring this heat at least partially to the molten glass.

[0007] These flange assemblies can provide improved current uniformity throughout the flange assembly while reducing the amount of material used in the flange assembly. The flange assemblies can be provided with cutouts and specific geometries to offer these benefits. For example, the flange assembly may include additional openings, varying thicknesses in different sections, bends to increase current paths in certain sections, and different fillet sizes. However, other variations are also envisioned. The flange assemblies can also be used with smaller power supplies (e.g., low-frequency power supplies), which can further improve current distribution. The flange assemblies can also be manufactured in a more cost-effective manner because transformers with lower power capacities can be directly mounted onto the flange assemblies of the various embodiments described herein.

[0008] In various embodiments herein, support assemblies for the glass transfer tube are also envisioned. These support assemblies may comprise castable materials, refractory materials, and other materials. The support assembly includes an internal surface with an internal opening. The internal opening has a vertical geometry, wherein the width of the internal opening is less than its height. A glass transfer tube comprising platinum can be positioned within the internal opening of the support assembly. The width of the internal opening being less than its height allows the glass transfer tube to maintain its shape during heating to operating temperature and when subjected to small internal pressures. In some embodiments, the shape of the glass transfer tube can be maintained without the use of any additional internal or external supports; the natural stability of the arch provides support to prevent sagging of the glass transfer tube when subjected to small internal pressures (e.g., when molten glass has not yet flowed through the glass transfer tube) and when the glass transfer tube is heated to higher temperatures. Sagging at the top of the glass transfer tube can cause thermocouples positioned within the glass transfer tube to fail, or it can cause the glass transfer tube to break.

[0009] Because the natural stability of an arch provides better support, the amount of metal material used in manufacturing the support assembly can be significantly reduced. In some embodiments, the amount of metal used in manufacturing the support assembly can be reduced by at least about 20% compared to other support assemblies using horizontal geometry. This allows the support assembly to be manufactured in a more cost-effective manner.

[0010] Having an internal opening that is narrower than its height provides a support solution that avoids potentially high stress and strain on the body of the glass transfer tube. The aspect ratio of the internal opening can be optimized to provide substantial support for the glass transfer tube, and the aspect ratio (width divided by height) can be less than 1, between about 0.5 and about 0.9, between about 0.6 and about 0.8, between about 0.65 and about 0.75, or about 0.7.

[0011] Because glass transfer tubes are used at high temperatures, the support of the material (e.g., platinum) within the tube becomes crucial. Even with the same amount of stress, the creep rate of the glass transfer tube increases exponentially with increasing temperature. Providing support for the glass transfer tube is essential to reducing the risk of glass leakage. A castable material can be placed near the glass transfer tube, providing tight support and mitigating the risk of leakage.

[0012] In an example embodiment, a glass transfer system for heating molten glass is provided. The glass transfer system includes a glass transfer tube configured to allow molten glass to flow within an inner cavity of the glass transfer tube. The glass transfer system also includes a support assembly having an inner surface in which an internal opening is configured to receive the glass transfer tube. The internal opening has a height and a width, the height being greater than the width, and the support assembly is configured to receive the glass transfer tube within the internal opening.

[0013] In some embodiments, the aspect ratio may be equal to the width divided by the height, and the aspect ratio may be between about 0.5 and about 0.9. Additionally, in some embodiments, the aspect ratio may be between about 0.6 and about 0.8. In some embodiments, the aspect ratio may be between about 0.65 and about 0.75.

[0014] In some embodiments, the glass transfer tube may contain platinum.

[0015] In some embodiments, the support assembly may include a refractory bracket positioned outward relative to an internal opening of the support assembly, and the refractory bracket may contain refractory material. Additionally, in some embodiments, the support assembly may include a castable material positioned outward relative to an internal opening of the support assembly, and the castable material may be positioned inward relative to the refractory bracket.

[0016] In some embodiments, the glass transfer system further includes a mixing chamber and a bowl. A glass transfer tube may extend between the mixing chamber and the bowl.

[0017] In some embodiments, the glass transfer tube may have an inlet and an outlet, and the glass transfer system may be configured to reach an inlet temperature at the inlet of the glass transfer tube, and the inlet temperature may be at least about 1300 degrees Celsius. In some embodiments, the inlet temperature may be between about 1300 degrees Celsius and about 1570 degrees Celsius.

[0018] In some embodiments, the inner surface of the support assembly may have a top circular portion, a bottom circular portion, and two planar side surfaces. Additionally, in some embodiments, the radius of curvature at the top circular portion and the radius of curvature at the bottom circular portion may be constant.

[0019] In some embodiments, the support assembly may further include a support protrusion. A first end of the support protrusion may be attached to the glass transfer tube, and the support protrusion may be configured to apply force to the glass transfer tube to reduce elastic buckling, plastic buckling, creep buckling, or creep sagging deformation at the glass transfer tube.

[0020] In another example embodiment, a support assembly for a glass transfer tube is provided. The support assembly includes at least one support section. The support section includes a fire-resistant bracket comprising a fire-resistant material, and the support section includes an inner surface having an internal opening. The internal opening is configured to receive the glass transfer tube, and the internal opening has a height and a width, with the height being greater than the width. The support assembly is configured to receive the glass transfer tube within the internal opening such that the support assembly contacts the glass transfer tube.

[0021] In some embodiments, the aspect ratio is equal to the width divided by the height, and the aspect ratio may be between about 0.5 and about 0.9. The aspect ratio may be between about 0.6 and about 0.8, or between about 0.65 and about 0.75.

[0022] In some embodiments, the support section may include a castable material positioned outward relative to an internal opening, and the castable material may be positioned inward relative to the refractory bracket. In some embodiments, the castable material may be positioned adjacent to the internal opening such that the castable material forms an internal surface.

[0023] In some embodiments, the inner surface may have a top circular portion, a bottom circular portion, and two planar side surfaces. Additionally, in some embodiments, the radii of curvature at the top and bottom circular portions may be constant.

[0024] In some embodiments, the support assembly may further include a support protrusion, a first end of which may be attached to the glass transfer tube, and the support protrusion may be configured to apply force to the glass transfer tube to reduce buckling at the glass transfer tube.

[0025] In some embodiments, the internal opening may have a top circular portion, a bottom circular portion, and two planar side surfaces, and the support protrusion may be positioned close to the top circular portion or one of the two planar side surfaces.

[0026] In another example embodiment, a method for heating molten glass using a glass transfer system is provided. The method includes positioning a glass transfer tube relative to a support assembly. The support assembly includes an inner surface having an internal opening, and the glass transfer tube is positioned within the internal opening such that the glass transfer tube contacts the support assembly. The internal opening has a height and a width, with the height being greater than the width. The method further includes allowing molten glass to flow through an inner cavity of the glass transfer tube. In some embodiments, the aspect ratio is equal to the width divided by the height, and the aspect ratio is between about 0.65 and about 0.75. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Now we will refer to the accompanying drawing, which may not be drawn to scale, and in the accompanying drawing:

[0028] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram illustrating a glass transfer tube positioned relative to other components of an exemplary glass manufacturing system, according to some embodiments discussed herein.

[0029] Figure 1B This is an enhanced view of an example flange assembly illustrating a glass delivery system according to some embodiments discussed herein;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a front view illustrating an example flange assembly according to some embodiments discussed herein;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a front view showing the current density at various locations on one side of the flange assembly, according to some embodiments discussed herein;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a front view illustrating another example flange assembly and the current density at various locations on the flange assembly, based on some embodiments discussed herein;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a graph illustrating how the thickness of the top rib affects the current characteristics within a flange assembly, based on some embodiments discussed herein;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the normalized current density at various points around the pipe according to some embodiments discussed herein, for different flange assembly designs.

[0035] Figure 7-8This is a front view illustrating an example flange assembly according to some embodiments discussed herein;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a front view showing one side of another example flange assembly and the current density at various locations on said side of the flange assembly, according to some embodiments discussed herein.

[0037] Figure 10 This is an example side view of another example flange assembly and a front view of the flange assembly in various dimensions, according to some embodiments discussed herein;

[0038] Figure 11 The following diagram shows two other sides of different flange assemblies and the current density at various locations on the sides. It is a front view of one side of an example flange assembly positioned adjacent to another example flange assembly, according to some embodiments discussed herein, so that the influence of the design of the two flange assemblies on the current density can be seen.

[0039] Figure 12 The image shows a front view of one side of an example flange assembly positioned adjacent to another example flange assembly, according to some embodiments discussed herein, so that the influence of the design of the two flange assemblies on the current density can be seen.

[0040] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating how different sizes of fillet radii affect the current characteristics within a flange assembly, based on some embodiments discussed herein;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a graph showing the normalized current density at various points around the pipe according to some embodiments discussed herein, for different flange assembly designs.

[0042] Figure 15 The first side 1526A of an example flange assembly, positioned adjacent to a second side 1526B of another example flange assembly, is shown in a front view according to some embodiments discussed herein, so that the design differences between the two flange assemblies can be seen.

[0043] Figure 16A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example support assembly having an internal opening with a width greater than its height, according to some embodiments discussed herein;

[0044] Figure 16B Based on some of the embodiments discussed herein Figure 16A An enhanced view of the support assembly, in which the example support protrusion can be seen in more detail;

[0045] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example support assembly having an internal opening with a width less than its height, according to some embodiments discussed herein;

[0046] Figures 18A-18C and Figures 19A-19C These are schematic diagrams illustrating deformation within a platinum-containing glass transfer tube when used with different internal opening geometries, according to some embodiments discussed herein; and

[0047] Figure 20 This is a flowchart illustrating an example method of using flange assemblies and support assemblies according to some embodiments discussed herein. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate some, but not all, of the embodiments. Except... Figure 1A and 20 In addition to the reference numerals used in the accompanying drawings, similar reference numerals are generally used throughout the text to refer to similar elements. For example, reference numerals 118, 218, 318, 418, etc., all refer to internal structures. Furthermore, unless specifically stated otherwise, any connection or attachment may be direct or indirect. As used herein, the terms "central opening," "intermediate opening," and "internal opening" are intended to refer to different openings.

[0049] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram showing a molten glass transfer assembly 115 positioned relative to other components of an exemplary glass manufacturing system 111. The glass manufacturing system 111 can use a fusion process to manufacture a glass substrate 131. Figure 1A As shown, the glass manufacturing system 111 includes a melting vessel 105, a refining vessel 109, a stirring chamber 133 (e.g., a mixing vessel), a delivery vessel 117, a glass forming apparatus 125A, and a traction roller assembly 129 (e.g., a traction machine). The melting vessel 105 is where the glass batch is introduced and melted as indicated by arrow 101 to form molten glass 103. The temperature of the melting vessel (T...) m The melting temperature can vary depending on the specific glass composition, but it can be in the range of approximately 1500 degrees Celsius to approximately 1650 degrees Celsius. For display glass used in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), the melting temperature can exceed approximately 1500 degrees Celsius, approximately 1550 degrees Celsius, and for some glasses, even exceed approximately 1650 degrees Celsius. Optionally, a cooling refractory tube 107 may be present for connecting the melting vessel 105 to the refining vessel 109. The temperature (T0) of this cooling refractory tube 107... cThe temperature of the clarifying vessel 109 can be approximately 0 to 15 degrees Celsius lower than that of the melting vessel 105. The clarifying vessel 109 (e.g., a clarifying tube) has a high-temperature processing zone for receiving the molten glass 103 from the melting vessel 105 and removing air bubbles from the molten glass 103 therein. The temperature of the clarifying vessel 109 (T...) f The temperature is typically equal to or higher than 105°C (T) of the molten vessel. m This is done to reduce viscosity and facilitate the removal of gases from the molten glass. In some embodiments, the clarifying vessel temperature is between about 1600 degrees Celsius and about 1720 degrees Celsius, and in some embodiments, it exceeds the temperature of the molten vessel by about 20 degrees Celsius to about 70 degrees Celsius, or higher.

[0050] The refining vessel 109 is connected to the stirring chamber 133 via a glass transfer assembly 113 in the form of a clarifier-to-stirring chamber (FSC). The glass transfer assembly 113 includes a glass transfer tube having a hollow shape. An example of a molten glass transfer assembly will be described in more detail herein. The hollow shape of the glass transfer tube allows molten glass to flow within the inner cavity of the glass transfer tube.

[0051] Within the glass transfer tube of the glass transfer assembly 113, the glass temperature continuously and stably rises from the clarifying vessel temperature (T). f Reduce to the temperature of the mixing chamber (T) s This typically indicates a temperature reduction of approximately 150 to 300 degrees Celsius. Therefore, in some embodiments, the stirring chamber 133 can typically operate at an operating temperature of approximately 1300 to 1570 degrees Celsius, but in other embodiments, the stirring chamber 133 may use other operating temperatures.

[0052] The stirring chamber 133 is connected to the delivery container 117 via another glass transfer assembly 115 in the form of a stirring chamber-to-bowl connecting pipe. The stirring chamber 133 is responsible for stirring and homogenizing the glass melt, eliminating concentration gradients within the glass that could lead to defects. The glass transfer assembly 115 may include a region 115C located near the top of the glass transfer pipe and close to the inlet 115A. This region 115C may be the area with the greatest deflection within the glass transfer assembly 115, and this region 115C may be the area with the greatest stress within the glass transfer assembly 115. When the glass transfer assembly has a horizontal geometry and its aspect ratio is greater than 1, the maximum deflection at region 115C may be as high as approximately 17.526 mm (0.69 inches), and the stress in this region may be as high as approximately 2.4 MPa.

[0053] Delivery container 117 delivers molten glass 103 to inlet 121 via downcomer 119, allowing it to enter glass forming apparatus 125A. Glass forming apparatus 125A includes inlet 125B for receiving molten glass that flows into groove 123, overflows, and extends along a first side 125D and a second side (not shown) opposite to the first side 125D, then fuses together at a so-called root 125C. Root 125C is where the first side 125D and the second side meet, and also where the two overflow walls of molten glass 127 rejoin (e.g., re-fuse), and the glass is then drawn downwards between two rollers in traction roller assembly 129 to form glass substrate 131. Glass substrate 131 can ultimately form one or more glass products.

[0054] Figure 1B This is an enhanced view showing the flange assembly 112. The flange assembly 112 includes an internal structure 118. The internal structure 118 includes a first portion 118A and a second portion 118B. Both portions 118A and 118B may include platinum, and the composition of these portions 118A and 118B may be different in some embodiments. However, in other embodiments, other metals or metal alloys may be used instead of platinum. The second portion 118B is positioned inward relative to the first portion 118A. Although in Figure 1B The embodiments shown depict a first portion 118A and a second portion 118B, but additional portions may be used in other embodiments, and each internal structure may have a different composition. Portions 118A and 118B may be attached together using welding or another attachment method.

[0055] A central opening 120 is defined within the internal structure 118 to receive the glass transfer tube 114. As described herein, the internal opening defined by the support assembly has an aspect ratio of less than 1, giving it an elongated oval shape. This aspect ratio is the width of the central opening 120 divided by its height. In some embodiments, the aspect ratio may be between about 0.5 and about 0.9, between about 0.6 and about 0.8, or between about 0.65 and about 0.75. In the illustrated embodiment, the aspect ratio is about 0.7. The flange assembly 112 can be connected to a power source, and current can be conducted through the arms of the flange assembly 112 to the internal structure 118 and to the glass transfer tube 114. This current can generate heat and transfer it to the molten glass within the glass transfer tube 114.

[0056] The glass transfer tube 114 can be used as a connection between the stirring chamber and the bowl (SCB), wherein the glass transfer tube 114 extends from the stirring chamber to the bowl. The bowl can be configured to have a downcomer 119 (see [link to downcomer]) at its bottom. Figure 1A ) Interchange. Downcomer 119 (see Figure 1AIt can be configured to deposit molten glass into the receiving channel of a glass forming system (e.g., an inlet conduit for fused forming assemblies).

[0057] Flange assembly 112 and other flange assemblies are positioned around glass transfer tube 114 and can be welded to or otherwise attached to glass transfer tube 114. Flange assembly 112 has a rough gull-wing shape. Although flange assembly 112 is used with glass transfer tube 114, which serves as an SCB connection, the flange assembly can be used with glass transfer tube for other purposes. For example, the flange assembly can be incorporated into other locations in the glass forming system or into other transfer tubes that transfer a different fluid material.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a front view showing an example flange assembly 212. The internal structure 218 includes a first portion 218A and a second portion 218B. Both the first portion 218A and the second portion 218B may comprise platinum, but the composition of the first portion 218A and the second portion 218B may differ in some embodiments. However, in some embodiments, other metals or metal alloys may be used instead of platinum. The second portion 218B is positioned inward relative to the first portion 218A. Although in Figure 2 The embodiments shown depict a first portion 218A and a second portion 218B, but additional portions may be used in other embodiments, and each portion may have a different composition. For example, in some embodiments, four or more portions may be used. Portions 218A and 218B may be attached together using welding or another attachment method. For example, portions 218A and 218B, and other portions forming the internal structure described herein, may be welded together and flattened during manufacturing to form a single continuous ring structure.

[0059] The central opening 220 is positioned within the second part 218B within the internal structure 218, and the glass transfer tube can be received within the central opening 220, such that the glass transfer tube contacts the second part 218B. The shape of the central opening 220 is similar to... Figure 1B The central opening 120 and the central opening 220 can be configured to receive a glass transfer tube having a similar cross-sectional shape. However, in other embodiments, the central opening 220 can have another shape (e.g., a circular shape, a shape with a width greater than its height, etc.).

[0060] Flange assembly 212 also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 218. The external structure in flange assembly 212 and other flange assemblies described herein may include materials other than platinum. In some embodiments, the external structure in flange assembly 212 and other flange assemblies described herein may include nickel. Further information regarding nickel-containing flange designs can be found in U.S. Patent No. 8,796,579, entitled “Nickel-containing flanges for use in direct resistance heating of platinum-containing vessels,” which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0061] The external structure includes a central flange element 230, a first arm 228A, and a second arm 228B. In some embodiments, the external structure may have a single design, wherein different parts of the external structure are attached together as a whole. However, in other embodiments, different parts of the external structure (e.g., central flange element 230, first arm 228A, second arm 228B, etc.) may be attached together by welding or other attachment methods.

[0062] Arms 228A and 228B extend from the center flange element 230. The center flange element 230 may be a portion of the external structure directly attached to the internal structure 218, and the center flange element 230 typically has a shape similar to that of the center opening 220. The center flange element 230 includes an upper portion 231, a bottom portion 232, and two side portions 234A and 234B.

[0063] Arms 228A and 228B can also be connected to a power source 255. The power source 255 generates current, which is conducted through arms 228A and 228B, through the central flange element 230, through the internal structure 218, and through a glass transfer tube positioned within the central opening 220, thereby heating the molten glass therein. Although two arms 228A and 228B are included within the external structure in the illustrated embodiment, more or fewer arms may be included in other embodiments. The power source 255 can be connected to arms 228A and 228B via a cable (e.g., a bus) interfacing with the electrode extensions, and other flange assemblies described herein can be connected in a similar manner.

[0064] The first arm 228A includes a first segment 236A and a second segment 238A connected to the central flange element 230. The first segment 236A and the second segment 238A have approximately the same thickness, but in other embodiments, the thicknesses of these two segments 236A and 238A may be different. The first segment 236A and the second segment 238A are both straight, but in other embodiments, the segments 236A and 238A may have different shapes, such as curved shapes. The first segment 236A and the second segment 238A join at a third segment 229A connected to the power supply 255. The first segment 236A, the second segment 238A, and the side portion 234A of the central flange element 230 surround the opening 240A. The opening 240A may have a generally triangular shape, but the corners of this shape may be rounded. The third segment 229A of the first arm 228A transitions as it approaches the power supply 255, causing the third segment 229A to extend vertically, and rounded corners 242A and 244A are provided at this transition point to increase structural support in these areas.

[0065] The second arm 228B is generally symmetrical to the first arm 228A. A centerline 224 bisects the flange assembly 212 and separates the first side 226A and the second side 226B. The flange assembly 212 can be symmetrical about the centerline 224, and other flange assemblies described herein can also be symmetrical about their centerlines. By making the flange assemblies symmetrical, current uniformity within the flange assembly 212 and its internal structure 218 can be maximized. However, in other embodiments, the flange assemblies can be asymmetrical.

[0066] The second arm 228B includes a first segment 236B and a second segment 238B connected to the central flange element 230. The first segment 236B and the second segment 238B have approximately the same thickness, but in other embodiments, the thicknesses of these two segments 236B and 238B may be different. The first segment 236B and the second segment 238B are both straight, but in other embodiments, the segments 236B and 238B may have different shapes, such as curved shapes. The first segment 236B and the second segment 238B join at a third segment 229B connected to the power supply 255. The first segment 236B, the second segment 238B, and the side portion 234B of the central flange element 230 surround the opening 240B. The opening 240B may have a generally triangular shape, but the corners of this shape may be rounded. The third segment 229B of the second arm 228B transitions vertically as it approaches the power supply 255, and rounded corners 242B and 244B are provided at this transition to increase structural support in these areas. Fillets 242A and 242B are symmetrical to each other and have similar curvature, and fillets 244A and 244B are symmetrical to each other and have similar curvature.

[0067] Openings 240A, 240B, and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Openings 240A, 240B, and other similar openings described herein can also provide improved current uniformity, as the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 236A, 238A, 236B, and 238B.

[0068] Figure 3 This is a front view showing the current density at various locations on one side of the flange assembly. Figure 3 The side 326B shown is similar to Figure 2 The second side 226B. Figure 3 It is shown that current can reach the internal structure 318 through different current paths.

[0069] A single internal structure 318 is shown, but in some embodiments, the internal structure 318 may include different segments. The internal structure 318 may include platinum. However, in other embodiments, other metals or metal alloys may be used instead of platinum. A central opening 320 is positioned within the internal structure 318, and a glass transfer tube may be received within the central opening 320 such that the glass transfer tube contacts the internal structure 318. The shape of the central opening 320 is similar to... Figure 1B The central opening 120 and the central opening 320 can be configured to receive a glass transfer tube having a similar cross-sectional shape. However, in other embodiments, the central opening 320 can have another shape (e.g., a circular shape, a shape with a width greater than its height, etc.).

[0070] exist Figure 3 The flange assembly shown in the middle section also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 318. In some embodiments, the external structure may include nickel, but other materials may be used. The external structure includes a central flange element 330, a first arm (not shown), and a second arm 328B. The arms extend from the central flange element 330. The central flange element 330 may be a portion of the external structure directly attached to the internal structure 318, and the central flange element 330 generally has a shape similar to that of the central opening. The central flange element 330 includes an upper portion 331, a bottom portion 332, a left side portion (not shown), and a right side portion 334B.

[0071] Arm 328B can also be connected to a power source. The power source can generate current, which is conducted through arm 328B, through the central flange element 330, through the internal structure 318, and through the glass transfer tube positioned within the central opening 320, so that the molten glass therein can be heated.

[0072] Arm 328B is roughly similar to Figure 2The second arm 228B. Arm 328B includes a first segment 336B and a second segment 338B connected to the central flange element 330. The first segment 336B and the second segment 338B have approximately the same thickness, but in other embodiments, the thicknesses of the two segments 336B and 338B may be different. The first segment 336B and the second segment 338B are both straight, but in other embodiments, the segments 336B and 338B may have different shapes, such as curved shapes. The first segment 336B and the second segment 338B join at a third segment 329B connected to the power supply. The first segment 336B, the second segment 338B, and the central flange element 330 surround the opening 340B. More specifically, the first segment 336B, the second segment 338B, and the right side portion 334B of the central flange element 330 surround the opening 340B. The opening 340B may have a generally triangular shape, but the corners of this shape may be rounded. When the third segment 329B of arm 328B approaches the power source, the third segment 329B will transition, extending to a vertical angle. Fillets 342B and 344B can be provided at this transition point to increase structural support in these areas.

[0073] Opening 340B and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Opening 340B and other similar openings described herein can achieve current uniformity because the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 336B and 338B.

[0074] exist Figure 3The diagram shows a model depicting the current distribution within side 326B of the flange assembly. This modeling was performed to examine whether the overall current distribution could be further improved. The smaller segments contained throughout side 326B of the flange assembly indicate the general direction of current at different locations within the flange assembly. Within side 326B, two distinct current paths 348A and 348B are shown from line 346 to the internal structure 318. The first current path 348A extends from line 346 through a first segment 336B to the internal structure 318. The second current path 348B extends from line 346 through a second segment 338B to the internal structure 318. The second current path 348B is approximately 1.5333 times longer than the first current path 348A. The resistance of the current path depends on the cross-sectional size of the different portions of the flange assembly in which the path extends, the length of the current path, and the resistivity of the material used within the different portions of the flange assembly. Therefore, when the cross-sectional areas and material resistivity of paths 348A and 348B are approximately the same, the second current path 348B can have a larger resistance than the first current path 348A due to its greater length. To make paths 348A and 348B have similar resistance, the thickness or size of the first segment 336B can be reduced, or the thickness or size of the second segment 338B can be increased. By reducing the thickness or size of the first segment 336B, a portion of the current flowing through the first segment 336B can flow through the second segment 338B, thereby improving the uniformity of the current density at the internal structure 318. In some embodiments, the thickness of the first segment 336B can be at least about 1.25 times, at least about 1.5 times, at least about 1.75 times, or at least about 2 times smaller than the thickness of the second segment 338B.

[0075] Alternatively, the material used in the first segment 336B or the second segment 338B can be adjusted, or the first segment 336B can be bent to effectively increase the length of the first current path 348A. By designing the flange assembly so that all paths leading to the internal structure 318 have similar resistance, a more uniform current distribution can be achieved at the internal structure 318 and other locations within the flange assembly.

[0076] The entire side 326B of the flange assembly can be made of a similar material, resulting in a similar material resistivity throughout the flange assembly. However, the material resistivity within the flange assembly can vary due to significant temperature differences at certain locations.

[0077] The current density near the fillet 342B is between approximately 3.2 amps per square millimeter and approximately 3.6 amps per square millimeter. However, the current density is lower at other locations, including certain sections of the central flange element 330 and the joint between the second section 338B and the third section 329B, where the current density is between approximately 0 amps per square millimeter and approximately 0.4 amps per square millimeter.

[0078] Figure 4 This is a front view showing another example flange assembly 412 and the current density at various locations on the flange assembly 412. Figure 4 Each feature in flange assembly 412 may be similar to a corresponding feature described in other embodiments. Flange assembly 412 includes a first side 426A and a second side 426B, wherein these two sides 426A, 426B are equally divided by a centerline 424. The first side 426A of flange assembly 412 differs from the second side 426B to make the effect of the different geometries more apparent.

[0079] The same features exist on both sides 426A and 426B, but the geometries used for different features on these two sides 426A and 426B are different. This is illustrated with... Figure 3 The internal structure 318 is similar to a single internal structure 418, with a central opening 420 positioned within the internal structure 418, into which a glass transfer tube can be received, such that the glass transfer tube contacts the internal structure 418. The internal structure 418 can be formed from a continuous disk, and the shape of the disk can be substantially similar to the shape of the central opening 420. Other internal structures described herein that do not contain multiple parts can be similar to internal structure 418.

[0080] The flange assembly 412 also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 418. The external structure includes a central flange element 430, a first arm 428A, and a second arm 428B. The central flange element 430 includes an upper portion 431, a bottom portion 432, and two side portions 434A and 434B. Arms 428A and 428B can be connected to a power source that generates current, which is conducted through the flange assembly to heat the molten glass.

[0081] The first arm 428A comprises a first segment 436A, a second segment 438A, and a third segment 429A. The first segment 436A, the second segment 438A, and the side portion 434A of the center flange element 430 surround the opening 440A. As the third segment 429A of the first arm 428A approaches the power source, a transition occurs, extending the third segment 429A to a vertical angle. Fillets 442A and 444A can be provided at this transition point to increase structural support in these areas.

[0082] The second arm 428B comprises a first segment 436B, a second segment 438B, and a third segment 429B. The first segment 436B, the second segment 438B, and the side portion 434B of the central flange element 430 surround the opening 440B. As the third segment 429B of the second arm 428B approaches the power source, a transition occurs, extending the third segment 429B to a vertical angle. Fillets 442B and 444B are provided at this transition point to increase structural support in these areas.

[0083] Openings 440A, 440B, and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Openings 440A, 440B, and other similar openings described herein can achieve current uniformity because the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 436A, 436B, 438A, and 438B.

[0084] On the first arm 428A, the first segment 436A and the second segment 438A have approximately the same thickness D1. On the second arm 428B, the thickness of the second segment 438B is similar to the thickness D1 used by the first segments 436A and 438A on the first side 426A. However, the thickness D2 of the first segment 436B is less than the thickness D1. Because the thickness D2 at the first segment 436B is reduced, the opening 440B is larger, and the material on the second side 426B is also less.

[0085] On the internal structure 418 of the first side 426A, the current density is generally between about 0.5 amperes per square millimeter and about 1.5 amperes per square millimeter. Therefore, the current density distribution on the internal structure 418 is fairly uniform on the first side 426A and is likely well below the critical value.

[0086] On the internal structure 418 of the second side 426B, the current density is generally between approximately 0.5 amperes per square millimeter and approximately 1.5 amperes per square millimeter. Therefore, the current density distribution on the internal structure 418 is fairly uniform on the first side 426B, possibly well below a critical value. However, there are more areas on the second side 426B where the current density of the internal structure 418 is below approximately 1.0 amperes per square millimeter than on the first side 426A, and the current density around the internal structure 418 on the second side 426B remains relatively constant. For example, at all locations around the curved path 450, the current density is below 1 ampere per square millimeter. Therefore, by using an external structure on the second side 426B, greater current uniformity can be achieved at the internal structure 418, while using less material in the external structure.

[0087] In the external structure of the first side 426A, in the small portions of the upper portion 431 and the bottom portion 432 closest to the internal structure 418, the current density is between approximately 3.5 amperes per square millimeter and approximately 4.0 amperes per square millimeter. In other portions of the external structure, the current density may be lower, with the current density near the junction of segments 436A and 438A ranging from approximately 1.0 amperes per square millimeter to approximately 1.5 amperes per square millimeter. At other locations, the current density is generally between approximately 1.5 amperes per square millimeter and approximately 3.5 amperes per square millimeter.

[0088] Even though the external structure on the second side 426B uses less material than the external structure on the first side 426A, the current densities of the external structures on both sides are generally similar. In the external structure of the second side 426B, in the small portions closest to the internal structure 418 in the upper portion 431 and the bottom portion 432, the current density is between approximately 3.5 amps per square millimeter and approximately 4.0 amps per square millimeter. In other parts of the external structure, the current density is lower, with the current density near the junction of segments 436A and 438A ranging from approximately 1.0 amps per square millimeter to approximately 1.5 amps per square millimeter. The current density at other locations on the second side 426B is generally between approximately 1.5 amps per square millimeter and approximately 3.5 amps per square millimeter.

[0089] Areas with excessively high current density in the external structure may cause localized heating, which can lead to increased stress at the interface between the external and internal structures. Therefore, these problems can be mitigated by using flange assembly designs such as the first side 426A or the second side 426B.

[0090] Figure 5Figure 566 illustrates how different rib thicknesses affect the current characteristics within the flange assembly. Point 566A shows the deviation of the maximum current value relative to the average current value at different thicknesses D2 of segment 436B, these values ​​are provided as a percentage. Point 566A is indicated by a circle. For the modeling done to obtain the results in Figure 566, segment 438B maintains the same thickness while adjusting the thickness D2 of segment 436B. Point 566A can be obtained by subtracting the average current value from the maximum current value and then dividing by the average current value. Point 566B is indicated by a square. Point 566B shows the deviation of the minimum current value relative to the average current value at different rib thicknesses, these values ​​are provided as a percentage. Point 566B can be obtained by subtracting the minimum current value from the average current value and then dividing by the average current value. Point 566C is indicated by a triangle. Point 566C shows the standard deviation divided by the average current value at different rib thicknesses, these values ​​are provided as a percentage. Point 566C can be obtained by subtracting the standard deviation from the average current value and then dividing by the average current value.

[0091] As shown, there is a significant deviation between the minimum and standard deviation values ​​at the maximum thickness on the left. However, relatively small current deviation values ​​can be achieved when the thickness is approximately 76.2 mm (3 inches) or greater. For point 566A (which shows the percentage deviation from the maximum current value), the percentage is approximately 62% for a thickness of approximately 76.2 mm (3 inches), approximately 61.6% for a thickness of approximately 68.58 mm (2.7 inches), approximately 61% for a thickness of approximately 60.96 mm (2.4 inches), approximately 60.5% for a thickness of approximately 53.34 mm (2.1 inches), approximately 60% for a thickness of approximately 45.72 mm (1.8 inches), approximately 59% for a thickness of approximately 38.1 mm (1.5 inches), approximately 60.5% for a thickness of approximately 30.48 mm (1.2 inches), and approximately 64.5% for a thickness of approximately 22.86 mm (0.9 inches). Therefore, the percentage of deviation is lowest when the thickness is approximately 38.1 mm (1.5 inches).

[0092] For point 566B (which shows the percentage deviation from the minimum current value), the percentage is approximately 52% for thicknesses of approximately 76.2 mm (3 inches), approximately 68.58 mm (2.7 inches), approximately 60.96 mm (2.4 inches), approximately 53.34 mm (2.1 inches), and approximately 45.72 mm (1.8 inches). Similarly, for point 566B, the percentage is approximately 51.5% for a thickness of approximately 38.1 mm (1.5 inches), approximately 51% for a thickness of approximately 30.48 mm (1.2 inches), and approximately 50.5% for a thickness of approximately 22.86 mm (0.9 inches). Therefore, the percentage deviation is lowest at thicknesses of approximately 38.1 mm (1.5 inches), approximately 30.48 mm (1.2 inches), and approximately 22.86 mm (0.9 inches). A thickness of approximately 38.1 mm (1.5 inches) can be advantageous compared to smaller thicknesses because it ensures that the segment provides sufficient structural strength, and because the percentage deviation of the maximum current value is greater at thicknesses of 30.48 mm (1.2 inches) and 22.86 mm (0.9 inches) compared to 38.1 mm (1.5 inches).

[0093] For point 566C (which shows the percentage deviation from the standard deviation value), the percentage is approximately 18.5% for thicknesses of approximately 76.2 mm (3 inches), approximately 68.58 mm (2.7 inches), approximately 60.96 mm (2.4 inches), and approximately 53.34 mm (2.1 inches). The percentage is approximately 19% for a thickness of approximately 45.72 mm (1.8 inches), approximately 20.5% for a thickness of approximately 38.1 mm (1.5 inches), approximately 22.5% for a thickness of approximately 30.48 mm (1.2 inches), and approximately 24.5% for a thickness of approximately 22.86 mm (0.9 inches).

[0094] Curve 566 indicates C-1, which corresponds to using a similar... Figure 11 Data obtained from the design concept shown in the middle side 926A indicates that the thickness of the top rib is approximately 50.8 mm (2 inches). Point 566A, corresponding to this design concept, is located at approximately 71.5%, and point 566C, corresponding to this design concept, is located at approximately 29%.

[0095] Figure 6 This is graph 668, showing the normalized current density at various points around the internal structure of different flange assembly designs. Position values ​​are used as variables on the x-axis, where this position is along a bend path on the corresponding internal structure. For example, line 668D is presented at various locations along the bend path 450. Figure 4The normalized current density of the second side 426B. The 0.0 position corresponds to the starting position in the bend path 450 near the bottom of the inner structure 418. The maximum position corresponds to the ending position in the bend path 450 near the top of the inner structure 418. For example, point 452 may correspond to a position of approximately 0.10 meters.

[0096] Line 668A presents along a path similar to Figure 12 The optimal theoretical normalized current density at various locations along the 1250A bend path. Line 668B is presented at various locations along the 950A bend path. Figure 9 The normalized current density of the illustrated embodiment. Line 668C exhibits normalized current density at various locations along the curved path 1250A when the thickness D7 is approximately 76.2 mm (3 inches). Figure 12 The normalized current density of the first side 1226A is shown. Line 668D presents the current density at various locations along the curved path 450 when the thickness D2 is approximately 38.1 mm (1.5 inches). Figure 4 The normalized current density of the second side 426B is shown.

[0097] For line 668A, the normalized current density remains approximately 1.55 amps per square millimeter. For line 668B, the minimum current density is approximately 0.72 amps per square millimeter, and the maximum current density is approximately 2.22 amps per square millimeter. Therefore, for line 668B, the maximum current density is approximately 3.08 times the minimum current density. For line 668C, the minimum current density is approximately 1.08 amps per square millimeter, and the maximum current density is approximately 1.88 amps per square millimeter. Therefore, for line 668C, the maximum current density is approximately 1.74 times the minimum current density. For line 668D, the minimum current density is approximately 1.18 amps per square millimeter, and the maximum current density is approximately 1.73 amps per square millimeter. Therefore, for line 668D, the maximum current density is approximately 1.47 times the minimum current density, a figure that is more than... Figure 6 Any other design represented in the diagram must be smaller. Therefore, by using a smaller rib thickness for segment 436B, current uniformity within the internal structure can be improved. The minimum current density all occurs at the zero position, which corresponds to the bottom of the internal structure.

[0098] Figure 7 This is a front view showing another example flange assembly 712. Figure 7 Each feature in the flange assembly 712 may be similar to a corresponding feature described in other embodiments. The flange assembly 712 includes a first side 726A and a second side 726B, wherein the two sides 726A and 726B are equally divided by a centerline 724. The first side 726A and the second side 726B are symmetrical to each other.

[0099] The flange assembly 712 includes an internal structure 718, and also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 718. The external structure includes a central flange element 730, a first arm 728A, and a second arm 728B. The central flange element 730 includes an upper portion 731, a bottom portion 732, and two side portions 734A and 734B. Arms 728A and 728B can be connected to a power source that generates current, which is conducted through the flange assembly 712 to heat the molten glass. The shape of the central opening 720 is similar to... Figure 1B The central opening 120 and the central opening 720 can be configured to receive a glass transfer tube having a similar cross-sectional shape. However, in other embodiments, the central opening 720 can have another shape (e.g., a circular shape, a shape with a width greater than its height, etc.).

[0100] The first arm 728A includes a first segment 736A, a second segment 738A, and a third segment 729A. The first segment 736A, the second segment 738A, and the left-side portion 734A of the center flange element 730 surround the opening 740A. The third segment 729A of the first arm 728A extends at substantially the same angle as it approaches the power source, wherein the third segment 729A extends in a direction offset approximately 45 degrees relative to the horizontal. However, the third segment 729A may be offset at other angles relative to the horizontal. For example, in other embodiments, the third segment 729A may be offset from approximately 30 degrees to approximately 60 degrees relative to the horizontal, or the third segment 729A may be modified to extend vertically.

[0101] The second arm 728B includes a first segment 736B, a second segment 738B, and a third segment 729B. The first segment 736B, the second segment 738B, and the right-side portion 734B of the center flange element 730 surround the opening 740B. As the third segment 729B of the second arm 728B approaches the power source, the third segment 729B extends generally at the same angle, wherein the third segment 729B extends in a direction offset approximately 45 degrees relative to the horizontal. However, the third segment 729B may be offset at other angles relative to the horizontal. For example, in other embodiments, the third segment 729B may be offset from approximately 30 degrees to approximately 60 degrees relative to the horizontal, or the third segment 729B may be modified so that it extends vertically.

[0102] The shapes of openings 740A and 740B differ from those of the openings described above. Openings 740A and 740B have a roughly rounded, scalene triangular shape, with a horizontally extending wall formed at the bottom of each opening. Compared to the other openings described above, openings 740A and 740B include additional material in regions 754A and 754B near the horizontally extending wall. Region 754A is located at the junction between the second segment 738A of the first arm 728A and the left portion 734A of the center flange element 730, and region 754B is located at the junction between the second segment 738B of the second arm 728B and the right portion 734B of the center flange element 730.

[0103] Openings 740A, 740B, and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Openings 740A, 740B, and other similar openings described herein can achieve current uniformity because the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 736A, 736B, 738A, and 738B. In some designs, including additional material in regions 754A and 754B can be beneficial, shortening the current path to certain portions of the side portions 734A and 734B and improving current density uniformity.

[0104] Figure 8 This is a front view showing a portion of another example flange assembly 812. This flange assembly 812 is largely similar to flange assembly 712 in most respects, but the opening 840A differs. Figure 7 The opening 740A. In the shown portion of the flange assembly 812, portions of the first arm 828A of the outer structure and the center flange element 830 are visible. The first arm 828A comprises a first segment 836A, a second segment 838A, and a third segment 829A. The first segment 836A, the second segment 838A, and the side portion 834A of the center flange element 830 surround the opening 840A.

[0105] Flange assembly 812 and Figure 7 The main difference between the flange assemblies 712 lies in the presence of openings. Openings 740A and 740B are smaller than opening 840A due to the additional material in regions 754A and 754B. The less material contained in these corresponding regions of the flange assembly 812, the larger opening 840A. Although only a portion of the flange assembly 812 is shown on the first arm 828A, the flange assembly 812 can be symmetrical, such that the second arm (not shown) has similar features and similar geometry.

[0106] Opening 840A and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Opening 840A and other similar openings described herein can achieve current uniformity because the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 836A and 838A.

[0107] Figure 9 This is a front view showing one side 926A of another example flange assembly, illustrating the current density at various locations on side 926A. Each feature within side 926A may be related to... Figure 8 The corresponding features within the flange assembly 812 are similar. The flange assembly includes an internal structure 918 and an external structure. The internal structure 918 surrounds a central opening 920 in which a glass transfer tube can be received. The internal structure 918 comprises platinum, but in other embodiments, other metals or metal alloys may be used instead of platinum. The external structure includes a central flange element 930, a first arm 928A, and a second arm (not shown). The central flange element 930 includes an upper portion 931, a bottom portion 932, a left side portion 934A, and a right side portion (not shown).

[0108] The first arm 928A comprises a first segment 936A, a second segment 938A, and a third segment 929A. The first segment 936A, the second segment 938A, and the left-hand portion 934A of the center flange element 930 surround the opening 940A. As the third segment 929A of the first arm 928A approaches the power source, the third segment 929A extends at approximately the same angle, specifically in a direction offset approximately 45 degrees relative to the horizontal. However, the third segment 929A may be offset at other angles relative to the horizontal.

[0109] Opening 940A and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Opening 940A and other similar openings described herein can achieve current uniformity because the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 936A and 938A.

[0110] A single internal structure 918 is shown, but in some embodiments, the internal structure 918 may include different segments. The internal structure 918 may include platinum. On the internal structure 918 of side 926A, the current density is generally between about 0.4 amperes per square millimeter and about 2.5 amperes per square millimeter. The current density is relatively low at the upper and lower portions of the internal structure 918, and relatively high at the side portions of the internal structure 918.

[0111] Although the current distribution within the internal structure 918 is fairly uniform, the current distribution on the external structure is not uniform. In the external structure, at certain portions of the upper section 931, the bottom section 932, the left side section 934A, and in the higher portion of the third section 929A, the current density is between approximately 4 amps per square millimeter and approximately 4.5 amps per square millimeter. In other parts of the external structure, the current density can be lower, with current densities ranging from approximately 1.5 amps per square millimeter to approximately 2.0 amps per square millimeter near the junction of sections 936A and 938A and where the second section 938A connects to the central flange element 930. At other locations, the current density is generally between approximately 2 amps per square millimeter and approximately 4 amps per square millimeter. Areas with excessively high current densities in the external structure may cause localized heating, which could lead to increased stress at the interface between the external and internal structures.

[0112] Figure 10 The front view shows another example flange assembly, side 1026B, and various dimensions of the flange assembly. Figure 10 Each feature within side 1026B can be compared with a reference. Figure 7 and 8 The corresponding features described in the embodiments shown are similar.

[0113] The internal structure 1018 includes a first portion 1018A and a second portion 1018B. Both the first portion 1018A and the second portion 1018B may comprise platinum, and in some embodiments, the compositions of the first portion 1018A and the second portion 1018B may be different. For example, in other embodiments, other metals or metal alloys may be used instead of platinum. The second portion 1018B is positioned inward relative to the first portion 1018A. Although in Figure 10 The embodiments shown depict a first portion 1018A and a second portion 1018B, but additional portions may be used in other embodiments, and each portion may have a different composition. Portions 1018A and 1018B may be attached together using welding or another attachment method.

[0114] The flange assembly 1012 also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 1018. The external structure includes a central flange element 1030, a first arm (not shown), and a second arm 1028B. The central flange element 1030 includes an upper portion 1031, a bottom portion 1032, a left side portion (not shown), and a right side portion 1034B. The arms can be connected to a power source that generates current, which is conducted through the flange assembly to heat the molten glass. The shape of the central opening 1020 is similar to... Figure 1BThe central opening 120 and the central opening 1020 can be configured to receive a glass transfer tube having a similar cross-sectional shape. However, in other embodiments, the central opening 1020 can have another shape (e.g., a circular shape, a shape with a width greater than its height, etc.).

[0115] The second arm 1028B comprises a first segment 1036B, a second segment 1038B, and a third segment 1029B. The first segment 1036B, the second segment 1038B, and the right-side portion 1034B of the center flange element 1030 surround the opening 1040B. As the third segment 1029B of the second arm 1028B approaches the power source, the third segment 1029B extends at approximately the same angle, specifically in a direction offset approximately 45 degrees relative to the horizontal. However, the third segment 1029B may be offset at other angles relative to the horizontal.

[0116] The shapes of openings 1040A and 1040B are similar in some respects Figure 7 Openings 740A and 740B. Openings 1040A and 1040B contain additional material in regions 1054A and 1054B. In other embodiments described herein, no material is contained in the corresponding regions, instead making the openings larger. Region 1054B is located at the junction between the second segment 1038B of the second arm 1028B and the right-side portion 1034B of the center flange element 1030.

[0117] Opening 1040B and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Opening 1040B and other similar openings described herein can achieve current uniformity because the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 1036B and 1038B.

[0118] The first segment 1036B extends generally longitudinally along line 1064A. This line 1064A may have an angle θ3 relative to the horizontal. This angle θ3 is approximately 19.8 degrees, but in other embodiments, the angle θ3 may have different values. The first segment 1036B also has a thickness D5.

[0119] The second segment 1038B extends generally longitudinally along line 1064B. This line 1064B may have an angle θ4 relative to the horizontal. This angle θ4 is approximately 45 degrees, but in other embodiments, the angle θ4 may have different values. The second segment 1038B has a thickness D6.

[0120] Additionally, the upper portion 1031 of the center flange element 1030 has a thickness D3 at its uppermost part. The bottom portion 1032 of the center flange element 1030 has a thickness D4 at its lowermost part.

[0121] The central opening 1020 has a first center point 1056A and a second center point 1056B. The first center point 1056A defines the center of the circular shape at the top of the central opening 1020. The second center point 1056B defines the center of the circular shape at the bottom of the central opening 1020. The distance between the first center point 1056A and the second center point 1056B can define the length of the straight portions on each side of the central opening 1020.

[0122] The first segment 1036B begins at a first point 1060 at the interface defined between the internal structure 1018 and the central flange element 1030, and extends longitudinally along line 1064A. A line extends through the first point 1060 and the first center point 1056A, and this line has a connection angle θ1 relative to the horizontal. The connection angle θ1 is approximately 30.86 degrees, but in other embodiments, the connection angle θ1 may have different values.

[0123] The second segment 1038B begins at a second point 1062 at the interface defined between the internal structure 1018 and the central flange element 1030, and extends longitudinally along line 1064B. A line extends through the second point 1062 and the second center point 1056B, and this line has a connection angle θ2 relative to the horizontal. The connection angle θ2 is approximately 54.07 degrees, but in other embodiments, the connection angle θ2 may have different values.

[0124] The geometry of side 1026B of the flange assembly can be adjusted to adjust the amount of precious metal used, change the current flowing through the second arm 1028B to the internal structure 1018, enable attachment to other components (e.g., power supply), and so on. For example, in other embodiments, values ​​such as angles θ1-θ4, thicknesses D3-D6, and thickness can be adjusted.

[0125] Parametric modeling has been performed to understand the influence of various features in the external structure of the flange assembly on its geometry. This work aims to identify designs that can improve the overall current distribution while using a limited amount of precious metal. Various designs that improve the overall current distribution are shown and described in this paper, while limiting the amount of precious metal used. For example, flange assemblies 212 and 412 can have improved current distributions compared to existing flange assemblies. The current distribution can be improved by reducing the maximum current density and reducing the variation in current density.

[0126] Figure 11 The image shows a front view of side 926A of an example flange assembly positioned adjacent to side 1126B of another example flange assembly, so that the influence of the design of the two flange assemblies on the current density can be seen. Figure 11Each feature in sides 926A and 1126B may be similar to the corresponding feature described in other embodiments.

[0127] The two sides 926A and 1126B are positioned on opposite sides of the centerline 1124. Identical features exist on both sides 926A and 1126B, but the geometry used for different features on these two sides 926A and 1126B is different. On each of sides 926A and 1126B, a single internal structure 1118 is shown, and a central opening 1120 is positioned within the internal structure 1118, into which a glass transfer tube can be received, such that the glass transfer tube contacts the internal structure 1118. The internal structure 1118 comprises platinum, but in other embodiments, other metals or metal alloys may be used instead of platinum.

[0128] Similar to the internal opening defined by the support assembly, the aspect ratio of the central opening 1120 may be less than 1. This aspect ratio is the width of the central opening 1120 divided by the height of the central opening 1120. In some embodiments, the aspect ratio may be between about 0.5 and about 0.9, between about 0.6 and about 0.8, and between about 0.65 and about 0.75. In the illustrated embodiment, the aspect ratio is about 0.7.

[0129] Side 926A also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 1118. The external structure on side 926A can be similar to... Figure 9 The external structure shown and described herein. The second arm can be positioned opposite the first arm 928A, but is not shown here.

[0130] Side 1126B includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 1118. The external structure includes a central flange element 1130B and a second arm 1128B. The central flange element 1130B includes an upper portion 1131B, a bottom portion 1132B, a left side portion (not shown), and a right side portion 1134B. Arms 928A and 1128B can be connected to a power source that can generate current, which is conducted through the flange assembly to heat the molten glass.

[0131] The second arm 1128B comprises a first segment 1136B, a second segment 1138B, and a third segment 1129B. The right side portion 1134B of the first segment 1136B, the second segment 1138B, and the center flange element 1130B surrounds the opening 1140B. As the third segment 1129B of the second arm 1128B approaches the power source, a transition occurs, extending the third segment 1129B to a vertical angle. Fillets 1142B and 1144B are provided at this transition point to increase structural support in these areas. A fillet 1170B is also provided at the joint between segments 1136B and 1138B to further increase structural support in this area.

[0132] On the first arm 928A, the first segment 936A and the second segment 938A have approximately the same thickness. On the second arm 1128B, the first segment 1136B and the second segment 1138B also have approximately the same thickness, but this thickness is greater than that of segments 936A and 938A.

[0133] Openings 940A, 1140B, and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Openings 940A, 1140B, and other similar openings described herein can achieve current uniformity because the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 936A, 938A, 1136B, and 1138B.

[0134] The second side 1126B includes and Figure 4 The geometry is similar to that of the first side 426A, and the current density in the second side 1126B can be similar to that in the first side 426A. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the current density at certain locations on the first side 926A is significantly higher than that on the second side 1126B.

[0135] In the external structure of side 926A, the current density is between approximately 4 amperes per square millimeter and approximately 4.5 amperes per square millimeter in most areas of the upper portion 931, the bottom portion 932, and the left side portion 934A, as well as in the higher portion of the third segment 929A. In contrast, in the external structure of the second side 1126B, the current density is slightly higher than 3.5 amperes per square millimeter in the smaller areas of the upper portion 1131B and the bottom portion 1132B closest to the internal structure 1118, but the current density in other areas is generally lower than 3 amperes per square millimeter.

[0136] Figure 12 The image shows a front view of a first side 1226A of an example flange assembly positioned adjacent to a second side 1226B of another example flange assembly, so that the influence of the design of the two flange assemblies on the current density can be seen. Figure 12 Each feature in sides 1226A and 1226B may be similar to the corresponding feature described in other embodiments, but the geometry of the side may differ from other embodiments. The geometry used in the first side 1226A may be similar to the geometry used in the first side 426A, and therefore, the current density of the first side 1226A is similar to the current density obtained for the first side 426A.

[0137] The two sides 1226A and 1226B are located on opposite sides of the centerline 1224. Identical features exist on both sides 1226A and 1226B, but the geometry used for different features on these two sides 1226A and 1226B is different. On each of sides 1226A and 1226B, a similar geometry to... Figure 11 The internal structure 1118 is similar to a single internal structure 1218, and a central opening 1220 is positioned within the internal structure 1218, in which a glass transfer tube can be received, such that the glass transfer tube contacts the internal structure 1218. The internal structure 1218 comprises platinum, but in other embodiments, other metals or metal alloys may be used instead of platinum. Similar to the internal opening defined by the support assembly, the aspect ratio of the central opening 1220 may be less than 1. This aspect ratio is the width of the central opening 1220 divided by the height of the central opening 1220. In some embodiments, the aspect ratio may be between about 0.5 and about 0.9, between about 0.6 and about 0.8, and between about 0.65 and about 0.75. In the illustrated embodiment, the aspect ratio is about 0.7.

[0138] The first side 1226A also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 1218. The external structure includes a center flange element 1230A and a first arm 1228A. The center flange element 1230A includes an upper portion 1231A, a bottom portion 1232A, a left side portion 1234A, and a right side portion (not shown). A second arm may be positioned opposite the first arm 1228A, but is not shown here.

[0139] The second side 1226B also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 1218. The external structure includes a central flange element 1230B and a second arm 1228B. The central flange element 1230B includes an upper portion 1231B, a bottom portion 1232B, a left side portion (not shown), and a right side portion 1234B. Arms 1228A and 1228B can be connected to a power source that generates current, which is conducted through the flange assembly to heat the molten glass.

[0140] The first arm 1228A comprises a first segment 1236A, a second segment 1238A, and a third segment 1229A. The left portion 1234A of the first segment 1236A, the second segment 1238A, and the center flange element 1230A surrounds the opening 1240A. When the third segment 1229A of the first arm 1228A approaches the power source, the third segment 1229A undergoes a transition, extending to a vertical angle, and fillets 1242A and 1244A are provided at this transition section to increase structural support in these areas.

[0141] The second arm 1228B comprises a first segment 1236B, a second segment 1238B, and a third segment 1229B. The right side portion 1234B of the first segment 1236B, the second segment 1238B, and the center flange element 1230B surrounds the opening 1240B. As the third segment 1229B of the second arm 1228B approaches the power source, a transition occurs, extending the third segment 1229B to a vertical angle. Fillets 1242B and 1244B are provided at this transition point to increase structural support in these areas.

[0142] The size of the fillet 1242B on the second side 1226B may be smaller than that of the fillet 1242A on the first side 1226A, wherein the fillet 1242B has a radius of curvature of approximately 76.2 mm (3 inches). Additionally, the size of the fillet 1244B on the second side 1226B may be larger than that of the fillet 1244A on the first side 1226A, wherein the fillet 1244B has a radius of curvature between approximately 381 mm (15 inches) and approximately 533.4 mm (21 inches). However, in some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the fillet 1244B may be larger, approximately 533.4 mm (21 inches) or greater. The thickness of the third segment 1229B on the second side 1226B is less than the thickness of the third segment 1229A on the first side 1226A. In some embodiments, the thickness of the third segment 1229B may be between approximately 101.6 mm (4 inches) and approximately 114.3 mm (4.5 inches).

[0143] On the first arm 1228A, the first segment 1236A and the second segment 1238A have approximately the same thickness D7. On the second arm 1228B, the first segment 1236B and the second segment 1238B also have approximately the same thickness D8, and the thicknesses D7 and D8 are equal to each other.

[0144] Openings 1240A, 1240B, and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Openings 1240A, 1240B, and other similar openings described herein can achieve current uniformity because the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 1236A, 1236B, 1238A, and 1238B.

[0145] In the external structure of the first side 1226A, the current density is between approximately 3.5 amps per square millimeter and approximately 4.0 amps per square millimeter at the rounded corner 1242B and in the smaller portions of the upper portion 1231 and the bottom portion 1232 closest to the internal structure 1218. In other portions of the external structure, the current density can be lower, with the current density ranging from approximately 1 amp per square millimeter to approximately 1.5 amps per square millimeter near the junction of segments 1236A and 1238A. The current density at other locations is generally between approximately 1.5 amps per square millimeter and approximately 3.5 amps per square millimeter. Although similar current densities are achieved on both sides 1226A and 1226B, the design of the second side 1226B allows for the use of less metal material, making the design more cost-effective.

[0146] In the first side 1226A, fillet 1270A can be positioned at the edge of opening 1240A where segments 1236A and 1238A meet. In the second side 1226B, fillet 1270B can be positioned at the edge of opening 1240B where segments 1236B and 1238B meet. Fillet 1270B is larger than fillet 1270A, wherein the radius of curvature of fillet 1270B is between approximately 101.6 mm (4 inches) and approximately 152.4 mm (6 inches).

[0147] Figure 13 It is shown Figure 12 Figure 1372 illustrates how different fillet radii of fillet 1244B affect the current characteristics within the flange assembly. Point 1372A shows the deviation of the minimum current value relative to the average current value for different fillet radii of fillet 1244B, provided as a percentage. Point 1372A can be obtained by subtracting the minimum current value from the average current value and then dividing by the average current value. Point 1372B shows the deviation of the maximum current value relative to the average current value for different fillet radii of fillet 1244B, provided as a percentage. Point 1372C shows the standard deviation divided by the average current value for different fillet radii of fillet 1244B, provided as a percentage. Point 1372C can be obtained by subtracting the standard deviation from the average current value and then dividing by the average current value.

[0148] As shown, the minimum value at the smallest fillet radius deviates significantly from the standard deviation. However, relatively small current deviations can be achieved when the fillet radius is approximately 381 mm (15 inches) or larger. Point 1372A is represented by a square. For point 1372A (which shows the percentage deviation from the minimum current value), the percentage is approximately 54% when the fillet radius is approximately 381 mm (15 inches), approximately 52.8% when the fillet radius is approximately 457.2 mm (18 inches), and approximately 52.8% when the fillet radius is approximately 533.4 mm (21 inches). Point 1372B is represented by a circle. For point 1372B (which shows the percentage deviation from the maximum current value), the percentage is approximately 63% when the fillet radius is approximately 381 mm (15 inches), approximately 62% when the fillet radius is approximately 457.2 mm (18 inches), and approximately 62% when the fillet radius is approximately 533.4 mm (21 inches). Point 1372C is represented by a triangle. For point 1372C (which shows the percentage deviation of the standard deviation value), the percentage is approximately 21.5% when the corner radius is approximately 381 mm (15 inches), approximately 20% when the corner radius is approximately 457.2 mm (18 inches), and approximately 20% when the corner radius is approximately 533.4 mm (21 inches).

[0149] These percentage deviations are consistent with those used with smaller radii, and the larger the fillet radius of fillet 1244B, the less material can be used. For example, point 1372A is generally between approximately 52% and 53% when the radius is between approximately 50.8 mm (2 inches) and approximately 304.8 mm (12 inches); point 1372B is generally between approximately 61.6% and approximately 63% when the radius is between approximately 50.8 mm (2 inches) and approximately 304.8 mm (12 inches); and point 1372C is generally between approximately 18% and approximately 21% when the radius is between approximately 50.8 mm (2 inches) and approximately 304.8 mm (12 inches).

[0150] Curve 1372 indicates C-1, which corresponds to the use of a similar... Figure 11 The data obtained from the design concept shown in the middle side 926A, and the curve 1372 indicating C-2, correspond to the use of a similar design. Figure 11 Data obtained from the design concept shown in the middle side 926B indicates that the fillet radius used is approximately 152.4 mm (6 inches). Point 1372A corresponding to design concept C-1 is at approximately 71.5%, and point 1372C corresponding to design concept C-1 is at approximately 29%. Point 1372A corresponding to design concept C-2 is at approximately 52%, point 1372B corresponding to design concept C-2 is at approximately 62%, and point 1372C corresponding to design concept C-2 is at approximately 19%.

[0151] Figure 14 This is graph 1474, showing the normalized current density at various points around the internal structure of different flange assembly designs. Position values ​​are used as variables on the x-axis, where this position is along a bend path on the corresponding internal structure. For example, line 1474B is presented at various locations along bend path 950. Figure 9 The normalized current density of the illustrated embodiment. The 0.0 position corresponds to the starting position in the bend path 950 near the bottom of the internal structure 918. The maximum position corresponds to the ending position in the bend path 950 near the top of the internal structure 918.

[0152] Line 1474A appears along a path similar to Figure 12 The optimal theoretical normalized current density at various locations along the 1250A bend path. Line 1474B is presented at various locations along the 950A bend path. Figure 9 The normalized current density of the illustrated embodiment. Line 1474C is shown at various locations along the curved path 1250A. Figure 12 The normalized current density of the first side 1226A is shown. Line 1474D is presented at various locations along the curved path 1250B. Figure 12 The normalized current density of the second side 1226B is shown.

[0153] For line 1474A, the normalized current density remains approximately 1.55 amperes per square millimeter. For line 1474B, the minimum current density is approximately 0.72 amperes per square millimeter, and the maximum current density is approximately 2.22 amperes per square millimeter. Therefore, for line 1474B, the maximum current density is approximately 3.08 times the minimum current density. For line 1474C, the minimum current density is approximately 1.08 amperes per square millimeter, and the maximum current density is approximately 1.88 amperes per square millimeter. Therefore, for line 1474B, the maximum current density is approximately 1.74 times the minimum current density. For line 1474D, the minimum current density is approximately 1.11 amperes per square millimeter, and the maximum current density is approximately 1.82 amperes per square millimeter. Therefore, for line 1474B, the maximum current density is approximately 1.64 times the minimum current density. The minimum current density occurs at zero, corresponding to the bottom of the internal structure.

[0154] Figure 15 This is a front view showing the first side 1526A of an example flange assembly positioned adjacent to the second side 1526B of another example flange assembly, so that the design differences between the two flange assemblies can be seen. Figure 15 Each feature in sides 1526A and 1526B may be similar to the corresponding feature described in other embodiments.

[0155] The two sides 1526A and 1526B are positioned on opposite sides of the centerline 1524. Identical features exist on both sides 1526A and 1526B, but the geometry used for different features on these two sides 1526A and 1526B is different. On each of sides 1526A and 1526B, a single internal structure 1518 is shown, and a central opening 1520 is positioned within the internal structure 1518, into which a glass transfer tube can be received, such that the glass transfer tube contacts the internal structure 1518. The internal structure 1518 comprises platinum, but in other embodiments, other metals or metal alloys may be used instead of platinum. The shape of the central opening 1520 is similar to... Figure 1B The central opening 120 and the central opening 1520 can be configured to receive a glass transfer tube having a similar cross-sectional shape. However, in other embodiments, the central opening 1520 can have another shape (e.g., a circular shape, a shape with a width greater than its height, etc.).

[0156] The first side 1526A also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 1518. The external structure includes a center flange element 1530A and a first arm 1528A. The center flange element 1530A includes an upper portion 1531A, a bottom portion 1532A, a left side portion 1534A, and a right side portion (not shown). A second arm may be positioned opposite the first arm 1528A, but is not shown here.

[0157] The second side 1526B also includes an external structure attached to the internal structure 1518. The external structure includes a center flange element 1530B and a second arm 1528B. The center flange element 1530B includes an upper portion 1531B, a bottom portion 1532B, a left side portion (not shown), and a right side portion 1534B.

[0158] Arms 1528A and 1528B can be connected to a power source that generates current, which is conducted through the flange assembly to heat the molten glass. The first arm 1528A comprises a first segment 1536A, a second segment 1538A, and a third segment 1529A. The left side portion 1534A of the first segment 1536A, the second segment 1538A, and the central flange element 1530A surrounds the opening 1540A. As the third segment 1529A of the first arm 1528A approaches the power source, a transition occurs, extending the third segment 1529A to a vertical angle, and fillets 1542A and 1544A are provided at this transition, increasing structural support in these areas. The third segment 1529A has a thickness D9 in the vertically extending region of the third segment 1529A.

[0159] The second arm 1528B comprises a first segment 1536B, a second segment 1538B, and a third segment 1529B. The right-side portion 1534B of the first segment 1536B, the second segment 1538B, and the center flange element 1530B surrounds the opening 1540B. As the third segment 1529B of the second arm 1528B approaches the power source, a transition occurs, extending the third segment 1529B to a vertical angle, and fillets 1542B and 1544B are provided at this transition to increase structural support in these areas. A fillet 1570B is also included at the joint between the first segment 1536B and the second segment 1538B. The third segment 1529B has a thickness D10 in the vertically extending region. This thickness D10 is greater than the thickness D9 of the third segment 1529A of the first arm 1528A. In some embodiments, the thickness D9 of the third segment 1529A can be between approximately 101.6 mm (4 inches) and approximately 114.3 mm (4.5 inches).

[0160] Openings 1540A, 1540B, and other similar openings described herein can minimize the use of precious metals. Openings 1540A, 1540B, and other similar openings described herein can also achieve current uniformity, because the current density can be optimized by changing parameters such as the thickness of segments 1536A, 1536B, 1538A, and 1538B.

[0161] On the first arm 1528A, the first segment 1536A and the second segment 1538A have different thicknesses, with the second segment 1538A being thicker than the first segment 1536A. Additionally, the first segment 1536A is curved, while the second segment 1538A is straight. Including curvature in the first segment 1536A may help increase the distance the current must travel from the power source to the internal structure 1518, thereby increasing the resistance of the path and altering the current density. This may help improve the uniformity of current density within the flange assembly and the internal structure 1518. In some embodiments, segments 1536A and 1538B may both be curved. For example, the second segment 1538A may be curved, shortening the current path. On the second arm 1528B, the first segment 1536B and the second segment 1538B have approximately the same thickness, but this thickness is greater than that of segments 1536A and 1538A. Both segments 1536B and 1538B are straight.

[0162] The internal structure 1518 includes a first portion 1518A and a second portion 1518B. Both the first portion 1518A and the second portion 1518B may comprise platinum, and in some embodiments, the compositions of the first portion 1518A and the second portion 1518B may be different. The second portion 1518B is positioned inward relative to the first portion 1518A. Although in Figure 15The embodiments shown depict a first portion 1518A and a second portion 1518B, but additional portions may be used in other embodiments, and each portion may have a different composition. Portions 1518A and 1518B may be attached together using welding or another attachment method.

[0163] exist Figure 15 The first side 1526A shown includes an additional opening compared to other embodiments described herein. A first additional opening 1576A is formed in the center flange element 1530A near the first segment 1536A. The first additional opening 1576A is positioned near the junction between the first segment 1536A, the upper portion 1531A of the center flange element 1530A, and the left side portion 1534A of the center flange element 1530A. A second additional opening 1576B is also formed in the center flange element 1530A near the second segment 1538A. The second additional opening 1576B is positioned near the junction between the second segment 1538A, the bottom portion 1532A of the center flange element 1530A, and the left side portion 1534A of the center flange element 1530A. The additional openings 1576A and 1576B allow the flange assembly shown on the first side 1526A to be manufactured with less material and in a more cost-effective manner compared to the second side 1526B. Including additional openings 1576A and 1576B can also reduce the peak current density that may exist on the internal structure 1518.

[0164] The size of the upper portion 1531A on the first side 1526A is smaller than that of the upper portion 1531B on the second side 1526B, and the size of the bottom portion 1532A on the first side 1526A is smaller than that of the bottom portion 1532B on the second side 1526B. This allows the flange assembly shown on the first side 1526A to be manufactured with less material and in a more cost-effective manner compared to the second side 1526B.

[0165] On the first side 1526A, the radius of curvature of the fillet 1544A is between approximately 381 mm (15 inches) and approximately 508 mm (20 inches), which reduces the amount of material at the intersection of segments 1529A, 1536A, and 1538A. In other embodiments, the current density at this intersection is typically lowest, so material can be removed at this intersection without resulting in excessively high current density. On the first side 1526A, the radius of curvature of the fillet 1570A is increased to between approximately 101.6 mm (4 inches) and 152.4 mm (6 inches). This size of the fillet 1570A allows the thickness of the second segment 1538A to be maintained at the same thickness as used in other embodiments.

[0166] Support assemblies for supporting the glass transfer tube are also envisioned. These support assemblies may be separate components, distinct from the flange assemblies described herein. The flange assemblies may be intermittently positioned at various locations along the longitudinal direction of the glass transfer tube, and the support assemblies may be positioned at other locations within the glass transfer tube where no flange assembly exists.

[0167] exist Figure 16A The schematic diagram shows an example support assembly 1678 with an internal opening having an aspect ratio greater than 1. Support assembly 1678 also includes a glass transfer tube 1686, and this glass transfer tube 1686 may comprise platinum. In some embodiments, the glass transfer tube 1686 may be made solely of platinum. The glass transfer tube 1686 may extend between the mixing chamber and the bowl to connect the mixing chamber and the bowl, but glass transfer tubes connecting other parts of the glass forming system may be used.

[0168] The support assembly 1678 includes a top fire-resistant section 1682, a bottom fire-resistant section 1684, a first side section 1680A, and a second side section 1680B. These sections 1680A, 1680B, 1682, and 1684 can serve as external structures for outward positioning from the glass transfer tube 1686. These external structures also have an internal surface 1689A and an internal opening 1689 within the internal surface 1689A. Both the top fire-resistant section 1682 and the bottom fire-resistant section 1684 can comprise fire-resistant material, and sections 1682 and 1684 can contribute to forming a fire-resistant bracket. The first side section 1680A and the second side section 1680B can each comprise a material other than platinum (e.g., a metal). In other embodiments, side sections 1680A and 1680B may include refractory material, and sections 1680A, 1680B, 1682, and 1684 may contribute to the formation of a refractory bracket. However, in other embodiments, side sections 1680A and 1680B may include different materials. The support assembly 1678 is configured to receive the glass transfer tube 1686 within the internal opening 1689.

[0169] In the support assembly 1678, the internal opening 1689 has a height D11 and a width D12. The height D11 can be measured between the top fire-resistant section 1682 and the bottom fire-resistant section 1684 of the internal surface 1689A. The width D12 can be measured between the tip of the internal surface 1689A of the first side section 1680A and the tip of the second side section 1680B. Figure 16A In the example, the width D12 is greater than the height D11. In some embodiments, the width D12 may be at least approximately 2.0 times greater than the height D11.

[0170] The glass transfer tube 1686 is hollow and has a central opening 1690 therein. Molten glass can flow within the central opening 1690 inside the glass transfer tube 1686. Controlling the shape of the internal opening 1689 during the design process allows for better control over the shape of the central opening 1690 inside the glass transfer tube 1686 when the assembly reaches the operating temperature.

[0171] The support protrusion 1688 is positioned at the top fire-resistant section 1682. The support protrusion 1688 can be used in conjunction with a wider glass transfer tube. Figure 16B A support protrusion 1688 is shown in more detail. The top fire-resistant section 1682 has a first opening 1682A and a second opening 1682B, wherein the first opening 1682A is wider than the second opening 1682B. The support protrusion 1688 includes a first portion 1688A and a second portion 1688B. The width of the first portion 1688A is greater than the width of the second portion 1688B. The width of the second portion 1688B is small enough to allow it to extend through the second opening 1682B, but the width of the first portion 1688A is greater than the width of the second opening 1682B, such that the first portion 1688A remains within the first opening 1682A. The second portion 1688B has a first end attached to the glass transfer tube 1686, and a second end attached to the first portion 1688A.

[0172] The glass transfer assembly can be heated to an operating temperature, enabling it to be used for transferring molten glass. The operating temperature can be located at the inlet of the glass transfer tube 1686 near the glass transfer tube 1686 (e.g., at...). Figure 1AMeasurements are taken around inlet 115A (as shown), which is typically the location where the glass transfer tube 1686 experiences the highest temperature. Operating temperatures can range from approximately 1300°C to approximately 1570°C, but other operating temperatures may also be used. Without the support protrusion, the top of the glass transfer tube 1686 may sag during heating before reaching the operating temperature because there is no internal glass pressure to support the top of the glass transfer tube 1686 during this heating period. For example, without the support protrusion positioned at the top refractory section 1682, the glass transfer tube 1686 above the intermediate opening 1690 may tend to buckle downwards towards the center of the intermediate opening 1690. The support protrusion can apply additional forces to the glass transfer tube to reduce buckling. For example, the support protrusion can help reduce elastic or plastic buckling caused by load before or during heating, and it can also help reduce creep buckling deformation (e.g., from the side regions) or creep sagging deformation (e.g., from the top region) during or after heating. Although the support protrusion 1688 is located at the top refractory section 1682, it can also be located at other locations to reduce buckling. The support protrusion 1688 can advantageously reduce buckling at selected locations in the glass transfer tube 1686. The support protrusion 1688 can also be used to reduce buckling that may occur in the glass transfer tube 1686 when it is heated to operating temperature (e.g., on the left or right side of the glass transfer tube 1686).

[0173] like Figure 16B As shown, space 1687 can be positioned between glass transfer tube 1686 and top refractory section 1682. This space 1687 can extend completely around glass transfer tube 1686 between glass transfer tube 1686 and sections 1680A, 1680B, 1682, and 1684. Figure 16B In the illustrated embodiment, the glass transfer tube 1686 has not yet been heated to its operating temperature. However, space 1687 is beneficial for accommodating potential differences in thermal expansion coefficients between the glass transfer tube 1686 and other materials within the assembly (e.g., within the top refractory material). Once the operating temperature is reached, the glass transfer tube 1686 will expand outwards, occupying some or all of space 1687. Therefore, space 1687 can provide a margin for thermal expansion differences between the glass transfer tube 1686 and surrounding sections. The design of the support protrusion 1688 can take space 1687 into account to allow material to expand within the glass transfer tube 1686.

[0174] However, additional materials (e.g., metals) may be required for the support protrusion. Furthermore, using a support protrusion can increase the design complexity of the glass transfer assembly. For example, openings 1682A and 1682B are formed in the top refractory section 1682, configured to receive the support protrusion, and these openings 1682A and 1682B add further design complexity and increase the manufacturing process that must be performed to form the top refractory section 1682. Additionally, the glass transfer tube may experience significant stress near the support protrusion 1688. The glass transfer tube and support protrusion 1688 may also experience high creep strain at high temperatures. The support protrusion may also be difficult to implement if the design does not include space (e.g., space 1687) between the glass transfer tube and the surrounding support material to allow differential expansion. Therefore, support protrusions cannot be used in all embodiments. Even without using support protrusions, the glass transfer tube can be better supported when moved to a vertical geometry with an aspect ratio less than 1, as described herein.

[0175] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram showing an example support assembly 1785 having an internal opening 1789 whose width is less than its height. A glass transfer tube (not shown) may be positioned within the internal opening 1789. A castable material 1794 may be positioned outwardly from the glass transfer tube, and the castable material 1794 may be positioned inwardly relative to a refractory bracket 1792. The castable material 1794 may have an internal surface 1789A extending around the entire periphery of the internal opening 1789, and the glass transfer tube may be received in the internal opening 1789 such that the glass transfer tube contacts the castable material 1794 at the internal surface 1789A. The refractory bracket 1792 is positioned outwardly from the castable material 1794. The refractory bracket 1792 may be configured as one or more sections, and the refractory bracket 1792 includes refractory material. The castable material 1794 can provide tight support to the glass transfer tube and reduce the risk of leakage from the glass transfer tube when it is received in the internal opening 1789.

[0176] The internal opening 1789 has a height D13 and a width D14. The height D13 and width D14 can be measured in a manner similar to other examples described herein. The height D13 can be measured between the uppermost point of the internal surface 1789A of the castable material 1794 and the lowest point of the internal surface 1789A of the castable material 1794. The width D14 can be measured between the farthest point on the left side of the internal surface 1789A of the castable material 1794 and the farthest point on the right side of the internal surface 1789A of the castable material 1794.

[0177] The internal opening 1789 has a width-to-height ratio equal to the width D14 divided by the height D13. The calculation method for the width-to-height ratio can be similar to other embodiments. Figure 17 In this embodiment, the height D13 is greater than the width D14, resulting in an aspect ratio of less than 1. In some embodiments, the aspect ratio can be between about 0.5 and about 0.9, between about 0.6 and about 0.8, and between about 0.65 and about 0.75. In the illustrated embodiment, the aspect ratio is about 0.7. However, other aspect ratios can be used. At the optimal aspect ratio, the differential expansion between the glass transfer tube and the surrounding support material (e.g., castable) allows the support material to provide slight compression to the glass transfer tube without causing buckling. This compression increases the friction between the glass transfer tube and the surrounding support material and reduces the overall sag of the top of the glass transfer tube. If the compression is too great, it may cause the glass transfer tube to deform inward, resulting in overall buckling on the vertical side and causing the top to sag more quickly, such as... Figures 18A-18C As shown in various examples of 19A-19C. By controlling the aspect ratio of the internal opening 1789, the shape of the glass transfer tube after heating to the operating temperature can be better controlled.

[0178] Various geometries of the internal opening were modeled to investigate the collapse time for each geometry. Collapse time was defined as the rapid increase in the rate of sagging of the platinum top. When using a typical horizontal geometry with an aspect ratio greater than 1, the glass transfer tube collapsed earlier than when using a vertical geometry with an aspect ratio less than approximately 1. No support protrusions were used in the modeling. The modeling showed that the specific aspect ratio selected affects the support provided to the glass transfer tube and the amount of deformation occurring within it. Choosing an appropriate aspect ratio also affects the collapse time and helps reduce the risk of collapse. Figures 18A-18C Figures 19A-19C show the results obtained with different aspect ratios.

[0179] Figure 18AThis is a schematic diagram illustrating the deformation within a platinum-containing glass transfer tube 1886A when the internal opening 1889A uses a specific geometry. A support member 1899A has an inner surface 1891A with an internal opening 1889A in it, and a glass transfer tube 1886A (which may include platinum) is positioned within the inner surface 1891A and the internal opening 1889A. The inner surface 1891A has a bottom circular portion 1801A, a first side portion 1803A, a top circular portion 1805A, and a second side portion 1807A. The top circular portion 1805A has a radius R1, and the radius R1 remains constant throughout its entire length. The top circular portion 1805A defines a semicircle. The bottom circular portion 1801A has a radius R2, and the radius R2 remains constant throughout its entire length. The shapes of the top and bottom circular portions discussed herein can be those before heating, during heating, and / or when the molten glass is actively flowing. In some embodiments, the top circular portion 1805A and the bottom circular portion 1801A may not have a constant radius of curvature. The bottom circular portion 1801A defines a semicircle. A first side portion 1803A connects to the left side of both the bottom circular portion 1801A and the top circular portion 1805A, and a second side portion 1807A connects to the right side of both the bottom circular portion 1801A and the top circular portion 1805A. Side portions 1803A and 1807A are both flat and / or planar in shape. However, in some embodiments, side portions 1803A and 1807A may be circular (e.g., parabolic curvature, constant curvature, etc.) to make the internal opening 1889A elliptical or oval.

[0180] exist Figure 18A In the support member 1899A, the internal opening 1889A has a height D15 and a width D16. The aspect ratio (width D16 divided by height D15) of the internal opening 1889A is approximately 0.6. When using this aspect ratio, the glass transfer tube 1886A may deform when heated to the operating temperature, as shown in the figure. This operating temperature can be between approximately 1300 degrees Celsius and approximately 1570 degrees Celsius, but other operating temperatures can also be used. The glass transfer tube 1886A can be positioned near the bottom circular portion 1801A, and the glass transfer tube 1886A may typically deform or buckle near the side portions 1803A and 1807A. Compared to Figure 18B and Figure 18C Glass transfer tubes 1886B and 1886C, Figure 18A The glass transfer tube 1886A exhibits the least buckling near the side portions 1803A and 1807A.

[0181] The buckling of the glass transfer tube 1886A near the side portions 1803A and 1807A causes the glass transfer tube 1886A to sag relative to the inner surface 1891A of the top circular portion 1805A. Figure 18A The glass transfer tube 1886A sags less near the top circular portion 1805A than Figure 18B and 18C Glass transfer tubes 1886B and 1886C.

[0182] Figure 18B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the deformation within a platinum-containing glass transfer tube 1886B when the internal opening 1889B uses a specific geometry. The support member 1899B has an inner surface 1891B with an internal opening 1889B in it, and the glass transfer tube 1886B (which may include platinum) is positioned within the inner surface 1891B and the internal opening 1889B. The inner surface 1891B has a bottom circular portion 1801B, a first side portion 1803B, a top circular portion 1805B, and a second side portion 1807B. The top circular portion 1805B has a radius R3, and the radius R3 remains constant throughout the entire range of the top circular portion 1805B. The top circular portion 1805B defines a semicircle.

[0183] The bottom circular portion 1801B has a radius R4, and the radius R4 remains constant throughout the entire range of the bottom circular portion 1801B. However, in other embodiments, the top circular portion 1805B and the bottom circular portion 1801B may not have a constant radius of curvature. The bottom circular portion 1801B defines a semicircle. The side portion 1803B connects to the left side of both the bottom circular portion 1801B and the top circular portion 1805B, and the side portion 1807B connects to the right side of both the bottom circular portion 1801B and the top circular portion 1805B. The side portions 1803B and 1807B are both flat and / or planar in shape. However, in some embodiments, the side portions 1803B and 1807B may be circular (e.g., parabolic curvature, constant curvature, etc.) to make the internal opening 1889B elliptical.

[0184] exist Figure 18B In the support member 1899B, the internal opening 1889B has a height D17 and a width D18. The aspect ratio (width D18 divided by height D17) is approximately 0.5. When using this aspect ratio, the glass transfer tube 1886B may deform when heated to the operating temperature, as shown in the figure. The glass transfer tube 1886B can be positioned near the bottom circular portion 1801B, and the glass transfer tube 1886B may typically deform or buckle near the side portions 1803B and 1807B. Figure 18BThe glass transfer tube 1886B relative to Figure 18A The glass transfer tube 1886A experiences more buckling on the sides, but Figure 18B The glass transfer tube 1886B is relative to Figure 18C The glass transfer tube 1886C experiences less buckling on the side.

[0185] The buckling of the glass transfer tube 1886B near the side portions 1803B and 1807B causes the inner surface 1891B of the glass transfer tube 1886B to sag relative to the top circular portion 1805B. Figure 18B The glass transfer tube 1886B sags more than the top circular portion 1805B near the top. Figure 18A The glass transfer tube 1886A, but Figure 18B The glass transfer tube 1886B sags less at the top circular portion 1805B near the top of the glass transfer tube 1886B than... Figure 18C The glass transfer tube 1886C.

[0186] Figure 18C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the deformation within a platinum-containing glass transfer tube 1886C when the internal opening 1889C uses a specific geometry. A support member 1899C has an inner surface 1891C with an internal opening 1889C in it, and a glass transfer tube 1886C (which may include platinum) is positioned within the inner surface 1891C and the internal opening 1889C. The inner surface 1891C has a bottom circular portion 1801C, a first side portion 1803C, a top circular portion 1805C, and a second side portion 1807C. The top circular portion 1805C has a radius R5, and the radius R5 remains constant throughout its entire length. The top circular portion 1805C defines a semicircle. The bottom circular portion 1801C has a radius R6, and the radius R6 remains constant throughout its entire length. However, in other embodiments, the top circular portion 1805C and the bottom circular portion 1801C may not have a constant radius of curvature. The bottom circular portion 1801C defines a semicircle. A first side portion 1803C connects to the left side of both the bottom circular portion 1801C and the top circular portion 1805C, and a second side portion 1807C connects to the right side of both the bottom circular portion 1801C and the top circular portion 1805C. Side portions 1803C and 1807C are both flat and / or planar in shape. However, in some embodiments, side portions 1803C and 1807C may be circular (e.g., parabolic curvature, constant curvature, etc.) to make the inner opening 1889C elliptical.

[0187] exist Figure 18CIn the support member 1899C, the internal opening 1889C has a height D19 and a width D20. The aspect ratio (width D20 divided by height D19) is approximately 0.43. When using this aspect ratio, the glass transfer tube 1886C may deform when heated to the operating temperature, as shown in the figure. The glass transfer tube 1886C can be positioned near the bottom circular portion 1801C, and the glass transfer tube 1886C may typically deform or buckle near the side portions 1803C and 1807C. Figure 18C The glass transfer tube 1886C relative to Figure 18A The glass transfer tube 1886A experiences more buckling on the sides, but Figure 18C The glass transfer tube 1886C relative to Figure 18C The glass transfer tube 1886C experiences less buckling on the side.

[0188] The buckling of the glass transfer tube 1886C near the side portions 1803C and 1807C may cause the inner surface 1891C of the glass transfer tube 1886C to sag relative to the top circular portion 1805C. Figure 18C The glass transfer tube 1886C sags more than the top circular portion 1805C near the top. Figure 18A and 18B Glass transfer tubes 1886A and 1886B. Figures 18A-18C In the middle, the widths D16, D18, and D20 are all equal, and the aspect ratio has been adjusted by using different height values ​​D15, D17, and D19.

[0189] Figure 19AThis is a schematic diagram illustrating the deformation within a platinum-containing glass transfer tube 1986A when the internal opening 1989A uses a different geometry. A support member 1999A has an inner surface 1991A with the internal opening 1989A in it, and the glass transfer tube 1986A (which may include platinum) is positioned within the inner surface 1991A and the internal opening 1989A. The inner surface 1991A has a bottom circular portion 1901A, a first side portion 1903A, a top circular portion 1905A, and a second side portion 1907A. The top circular portion 1905A has a radius R7, and the radius R7 remains constant throughout its entire length. The top circular portion 1905A defines a semicircle. The bottom circular portion 1901A has a radius R8, and the radius R8 remains constant throughout its entire length. However, in other embodiments, the top circular portion 1905A and the bottom circular portion 1901A may not have a constant radius of curvature. The bottom circular portion 1901A defines a semicircle. The side portion 1903A connects to the left side of both the bottom circular portion 1901A and the top circular portion 1905A, and the second side portion 1907A connects to the right side of both the bottom circular portion 1901A and the top circular portion 1905A. The side portions 1903A and 1907A are both flat and / or planar in shape. However, in some embodiments, the side portions 1903A and 1907A may be circular (e.g., parabolic curvature, constant curvature, etc.) to make the internal opening 1989A elliptical.

[0190] exist Figure 19A In the support member 1999A, the internal opening 1989A has a height D21 and a width D22. The aspect ratio (width D22 divided by height D21) is approximately 0.67. When using this aspect ratio, the glass transfer tube 1986A may deform when heated to the operating temperature, as shown. This operating temperature can be between approximately 1300 degrees Celsius and approximately 1570 degrees Celsius, but other operating temperatures may also be used. The glass transfer tube 1986A can be held positioned near the bottom circular portion 1901A, and the glass transfer tube 1986A may typically deform or buckle near the first side portion 1903A and / or the second side portion 1907A. Figure 19A In the illustrated embodiment, the glass transfer tube 1986A experiences buckling near the side portion 1903A, and very little buckling near the second side portion 1907A; however, in other embodiments, the amount of buckling at each side can be similar. Compared to Figure 19B and Figure 19C Glass transfer tubes 1986B and 1986C, Figure 19AThe glass transfer tube 1986A experiences the least buckling in the portions near the sides 1903A and 1907A.

[0191] The buckling of the glass transfer tube 1986A near the side portion 1903A causes the glass transfer tube 1986A to sag relative to the inner surface 1991A of the top circular portion 1905A. Figure 19A The glass transfer tube 1986A sags more than the top circular portion 1905A. Figure 19B and 19C Glass transfer tubes 1986B and 1986C.

[0192] Figure 19B This is a schematic diagram illustrating the deformation within a platinum-containing glass transfer tube 1986B when the internal opening 1989B uses a specific geometry. A support member 1999B has an inner surface 1991B with the internal opening 1989B in it, and the glass transfer tube 1986B (which may include platinum) is positioned within the inner surface 1991B and the internal opening 1989B. The inner surface 1991B has a bottom circular portion 1901B, a first side portion 1903B, a top circular portion 1905B, and a second side portion 1907B. The top circular portion 1905B has a radius R9, and the radius R9 remains constant throughout its entire length. The top circular portion 1905B defines a semicircle. The bottom circular portion 1901B has a radius R10, and the radius R10 remains constant throughout its entire length. However, in other embodiments, the top circular portion 1905B and the bottom circular portion 1901B may not have a constant radius of curvature. The bottom circular portion 1901B defines a semicircle. The side portion 1903B connects to the left side of both the bottom circular portion 1901B and the top circular portion 1905B, and the side portion 1907B connects to the right side of both the bottom circular portion 1901B and the top circular portion 1905B. The side portions 1903B and 1907B are both flat and / or planar in shape. However, in some embodiments, the side portions 1903B and 1907B may be circular (e.g., parabolic curvature, constant curvature, etc.) to make the internal opening 1989B elliptical.

[0193] exist Figure 19BIn the support member 1999B, the internal opening 1989B has a height D23 and a width D24. The aspect ratio (width D24 divided by height D23) is approximately 0.75. When using this aspect ratio, the glass transfer tube 1986B may deform when heated to the operating temperature, as shown in the figure. The glass transfer tube 1986B can be positioned near the bottom circular portion 1901B, and the glass transfer tube 1986B may typically deform or buckle near the side portions 1903B and / or 1907B. Figure 19B In the illustrated embodiment, the glass transfer tube 1986B experiences some buckling near the side portion 1903B and very little buckling near the side portion 1907B, but in other embodiments, the amount of buckling at each side can be similar. Relative to Figure 19A Glass transfer tube 1986A and Figure 19C Glass transfer tube 1986C, Figure 19B The glass transfer tube 1986B experienced the least buckling near the side portion. Additionally, Figure 19B The glass transfer tube 1986B sags less near the top circular portion 1905B than Figure 19A and 19C Glass transfer tubes 1986A and 1986C.

[0194] Figure 19CThis is a schematic diagram illustrating the deformation within a platinum-containing glass transfer tube 1986C when the internal opening 1989C uses a specific geometry. A support member 1999C has an inner surface 1991C with an internal opening 1989C in it, and a glass transfer tube 1986C (which may include platinum) is positioned within the inner surface 1991C and the internal opening 1989C. The inner surface 1991C has a bottom circular portion 1901C, a first side portion 1903C, a top circular portion 1905C, and a second side portion 1907C. The top circular portion 1905C has a radius R11, and the radius R11 remains constant throughout its entire range. The top circular portion 1905C defines a semicircle. The bottom circular portion 1901C has a radius R12, and the radius R12 remains constant throughout its entire range. However, in other embodiments, the top circular portion 1905C and the bottom circular portion 1901C may not have a constant radius of curvature. The bottom circular portion 1901C defines a semicircle. A first side portion 1903C connects to the left side of both the bottom circular portion 1901C and the top circular portion 1905C, and a second side portion 1907C connects to the right side of both the bottom circular portion 1901C and the top circular portion 1905C. Side portions 1903C and 1907C are both flat and / or planar in shape. However, in some embodiments, side portions 1903C and 1907C may be circular (e.g., parabolic curvature, constant curvature, etc.) to make the internal opening 1989C elliptical.

[0195] exist Figure 19C In the support member 1999C, the internal opening 1989C has a height D25 and a width D26. The aspect ratio (width D26 divided by height D25) is approximately 0.83. When using this aspect ratio, the glass transfer tube 1986C may deform when heated to the operating temperature, as shown in the figure. The glass transfer tube 1986C can be positioned near the bottom circular portion 1901C, and the glass transfer tube 1986C may typically deform or buckle near the first side portion 1903C and / or the second side portion 1907C. Figure 19C In the illustrated embodiment, the glass transfer tube 1986C experiences similar buckling near the first side portion 1903C and the second side portion 1907C, but in other embodiments, the buckling at these sides can be different. Relative to Figure 19A Glass transfer tube 1986A, Figure 19C The glass transfer tube 1986C experienced less overall buckling, but relative to Figure 19B Glass transfer tube 1986B, Figure 19C The glass transfer tube 1986C experienced more buckling.

[0196] in addition, Figure 19C The glass transfer tube 1986C sags less near the top circular portion 1905C than Figure 19A The glass transfer tube 1986A, but Figure 19C The glass transfer tube 1986C sags more than the top circular portion 1905C near the top circular portion. Figure 19B The glass transfer tube 1986B. In Figures 19A-19C In the middle, the heights D21, D23, and D25 are all equal, and the aspect ratio has been adjusted by using different width values ​​D22, D24, and D26.

[0197] In addition to evaluating and selecting potential aspect ratios through 2D modeling, these aspect ratios were also used for 3D modeling to add the effects of other components (e.g., flange assemblies) that the glass transfer tube and support assembly will interact with. This modeling correlates well with the 2D modeling, showing almost no sagging at the top of the glass transfer tube and minimal buckling on the vertical sides of the glass transfer tube.

[0198] A method for heating molten glass using flange assemblies was also envisioned. Figure 20 The flowchart illustrates an example method 2000. At operation 2002, a hollow glass transfer tube is provided. The glass transfer tube may be configured to allow molten glass to flow through its inner cavity. In some embodiments, the glass transfer tube may connect to a stirring chamber and a bowl in a glass forming system.

[0199] At operation 2004, a flange assembly is provided. The flange assembly may include an internal structure and an external structure. The internal structure may have a central opening and may be configured to receive a glass transfer tube within the central opening, such that the internal structure contacts the glass transfer tube. The external structure is primarily composed of materials other than platinum and is directly attached to the internal structure. The flange assembly may be similar to one described herein.

[0200] At operation 2006, a support assembly may be provided. The support assembly may include an inner surface having an internal opening. The support assembly may contain a castable material, and in some embodiments, the inner surface may be defined at the castable material. The internal opening may have a height and a width, and the height may be greater than the width. The aspect ratio of the internal opening may be less than about 1, between about 0.5 and about 0.9, between about 0.6 and about 0.8, between about 0.65 and about 0.75, or may be about 0.7.

[0201] At operation 2008, the glass transfer tube is positioned relative to the support assembly. The glass transfer tube can be positioned within an internal opening defined by the inner surface, such that the inner surface of the support assembly contacts the glass transfer tube.

[0202] At operation 2010, the glass transfer tube is positioned within the central opening of the internal structure of the flange assembly, such that the internal structure contacts the glass transfer tube. In some embodiments, the internal structure may be in complete contact with or attached to the glass transfer tube around its cross-sectional periphery by welding or other attachment methods.

[0203] At operation 2012, connect the external structure of the flange assembly to the power supply.

[0204] At operation 2014, molten glass is allowed to flow through the inner cavity of the glass transfer tube.

[0205] At operation 2016, the power supply is activated. This may cause current to conduct through the external structure, through the internal structure, and through the glass transfer tube, thereby heating the glass transfer tube and causing this heat to be at least partially transferred to the molten glass. Once the power supply is activated and current is conducted through the flange assembly, the maximum current density within the internal structure may be limited relative to the minimum current density within the internal structure. In some embodiments, the maximum current density within the internal structure may not exceed 1.9 times, 1.75 times, 1.65 times, or 1.48 times the minimum current density within the internal structure.

[0206] Method 2000 is merely exemplary and can be modified in various ways. For example, additional operations can be added to method 2000, or certain operations in method 2000 can be omitted. Furthermore, the operations of method 2000 can be performed in any order, and in some embodiments, the operations can be performed simultaneously.

[0207] in conclusion

[0208] Many modifications and other embodiments set forth herein will come to mind for those skilled in the art to which these embodiments pertain, taking advantage of the teachings presented in the foregoing description and associated drawings. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and other embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. Moreover, although the foregoing description and associated drawings describe exemplary embodiments in the context of certain example combinations of elements and / or functions, it should be understood that alternative embodiments may provide different combinations of elements and / or functions without departing from the scope of the invention. In this regard, for example, combinations of elements and / or functions different from those explicitly described above are also covered within the scope of the invention. Therefore, although specific terminology is used herein, it is used only in a general and descriptive sense and not for limiting purposes.

Claims

1. A glass transfer system for heating molten glass, the glass transfer system comprising: A glass transfer tube configured to allow molten glass to flow within the inner cavity of the glass transfer tube; as well as A support assembly having an inner surface with an internal opening configured to receive the glass transfer tube. The internal opening has a height and a width, wherein the height is greater than the width, and wherein the support assembly is configured to receive the glass transfer tube within the internal opening.

2. The glass transfer system of claim 1, wherein the aspect ratio is equal to the width divided by the height, wherein the aspect ratio is between about 0.5 and about 0.

9.

3. The glass delivery system of claim 2, wherein the aspect ratio is between about 0.6 and about 0.

8.

4. The glass delivery system of claim 3, wherein the aspect ratio is between about 0.65 and about 0.

75.

5. The glass transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the glass transfer tube comprises platinum.

6. The glass delivery system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the support assembly includes a fire-resistant bracket positioned outward relative to the internal opening of the support assembly, and wherein the fire-resistant bracket comprises a fire-resistant material.

7. The glass delivery system of claim 6, wherein the support assembly comprises a castable material positioned outwardly relative to the internal opening of the support assembly, and wherein the castable material is positioned inwardly relative to the refractory bracket.

8. The glass transfer system according to claim 1, further comprising: Mixing chamber; as well as bowl, The glass transfer tube extends between the mixing chamber and the bowl.

9. The glass transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the glass transfer tube has an inlet and an outlet, wherein the glass transfer system is configured to reach an inlet temperature at the inlet of the glass transfer tube, wherein the inlet temperature is at least about 1300 degrees Celsius.

10. The glass transfer system of claim 9, wherein the inlet temperature is between about 1300 degrees Celsius and about 1570 degrees Celsius.

11. The glass delivery system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the inner surface of the support assembly has a top circular portion, a bottom circular portion, and two planar side surfaces.

12. The glass delivery system of claim 11, wherein the radius of curvature at the top circular portion and the radius of curvature at the bottom circular portion are constant.

13. The glass transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the support assembly further includes a support protrusion, wherein a first end of the support protrusion is attached to the glass transfer tube, and wherein the support protrusion is configured to apply force to the glass transfer tube to reduce elastic buckling, plastic buckling, creep buckling, or creep sagging deformation at the glass transfer tube.

14. A support assembly for a glass transfer tube, the support assembly comprising: At least one support section The at least one support section includes a fire-resistant bracket comprising a fire-resistant material, the at least one support section includes an inner surface having an inner opening, the inner opening being configured to receive the glass transfer tube, the inner opening having a height and a width, the height being greater than the width, and the support assembly being configured to receive the glass transfer tube within the inner opening such that the support assembly contacts the glass transfer tube.

15. The support assembly of claim 14, wherein the aspect ratio is equal to the width divided by the height, and wherein the aspect ratio is between about 0.5 and about 0.

9.

16. The support assembly of claim 15, wherein the aspect ratio is between about 0.6 and about 0.

8.

17. The support assembly of claim 16, wherein the aspect ratio is between about 0.65 and about 0.

75.

18. The support assembly according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the at least one support section comprises a castable material positioned outward relative to the internal opening, and wherein the castable material is positioned inward relative to the fire-resistant bracket.

19. The support assembly of claim 18, wherein the castable material is positioned adjacent to the internal opening such that the castable material forms the internal surface.

20. The support assembly according to any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein the inner surface has a top circular portion, a bottom circular portion, and two planar side surfaces.

21. The support assembly of claim 20, wherein the radii of curvature at the top circular portion and the bottom circular portion are constant.

22. The support assembly according to any one of claims 14 to 19, further comprising: Supporting protrusions, The first end of the support protrusion is attached to the glass transfer tube, and the support protrusion is configured to apply force to the glass transfer tube to reduce buckling at the glass transfer tube.

23. The support assembly of claim 22, wherein the internal opening has a top circular portion, a bottom circular portion and two planar side surfaces, and wherein the support protrusion is positioned close to either the top circular portion or one of the two planar side surfaces.

24. A method for heating molten glass using a glass transfer system, the method comprising: Positioning a glass transfer tube relative to a support assembly, the support assembly including an inner surface having an inner opening, wherein the glass transfer tube is positioned within the inner opening such that the glass transfer tube contacts the support assembly, wherein the inner opening has a height and a width, and wherein the height is greater than the width; as well as Molten glass flows through the inner cavity of the glass transfer tube.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the aspect ratio is equal to the width divided by the height, and wherein the aspect ratio is between about 0.65 and about 0.75.

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