Reaction back pressure type steam turbine

Abstract

The invention relates to a reaction back pressure type steam turbine which comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a holding ring assembly and a rotor, a high-pressure nozzle set is arranged in the middle of the inner cylinder, a steam seal set is arranged in front of the high-pressure nozzle set, a sealing groove b is correspondingly formed in the rotor, and a steam blocking piece p is embedded in the position, close to an outlet of the high-pressure nozzle set, of the inner wall of the inner cylinder. The rotor is provided with a regulating stage moving blade matched with the rotor, a plurality of stages of stationary blades are arranged behind the steam blocking sheet p, the rotor is provided with a plurality of moving blades, the stationary blades and the moving blades are alternately arranged in the axial direction, and the moving blades, the regulating stage moving blades and the stationary blades are reaction type blades. The key components such as the steam seal set, the static blade and the high-pressure nozzle set are integrated in the inner cylinder, the structure is compact, and the length of a steam turbine shaft system is greatly shortened. A reaction type blade profile design principle is adopted, so that the lengths of moving and static blades are greatly shortened, moving blades can be directly inserted into a rotor shaft, and the traditional structural design that an impeller is thermally mounted on the rotor shaft and a rotor is inserted into the impeller is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of steam turbine technology, and specifically relates to a reaction back pressure steam turbine. Background Technology

[0002] Most back-pressure steam turbines on the market are impulse turbine units, requiring the rotor shaft to be thermally fitted with impellers of varying numbers, upon which blades are then inserted. Furthermore, for units of the same power output, the rotor's axial length and radial blade length result in a large turbine footprint. The internal flow structure, formed by the rotor and various diaphragms, is bulky, cumbersome to maintain, and expensive. The large size of the blades and rotor also affects their service life, necessitating frequent inspections and replacements, thus increasing operating and maintenance costs.

[0003] Because this flow path structure houses conventionally profiled impulse blades, it limits the turbine's maximum output under equivalent steam parameters, thereby reducing unit efficiency and resulting in losses in fuel and operating costs. Furthermore, the separate design of the main steam valve and regulating valve, connected via pipelines, leads to long start-up and shutdown times, making it unsuitable for rapid switching between various operating conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a reaction back pressure steam turbine with a compact structure, which can greatly reduce the layout length, and adopts a reaction blade design, on which moving blades can be directly inserted into the rotor shaft.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: A reaction back-pressure steam turbine includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder disposed within the outer cylinder, a retaining ring assembly disposed within the outer cylinder and located behind the inner cylinder, and a rotor fitted within the inner cylinder and the retaining ring assembly. A high-pressure nozzle assembly is provided at the middle of the inner wall of the inner cylinder, and a steam seal assembly is provided in front of the high-pressure nozzle assembly and located on the inner side wall of the inner cylinder. A corresponding sealing groove b is provided on the rotor. A steam baffle p is inlaid on the inner wall of the inner cylinder near the outlet of the high-pressure nozzle assembly. A regulating stage moving blade is provided on the rotor to cooperate with the steam baffle p. A number of stationary blades are provided behind the steam baffle p and located within the inner cylinder and the retaining ring assembly. A number of moving blades are provided on the rotor. The stationary blades and moving blades are arranged alternately along the axial direction. The moving blades, regulating stage moving blades, and stationary blades are reaction blades.

[0006] Furthermore, a rectangular annular mounting groove u is provided inside the outer cylinder, and an annular positioning boss that mates with the mounting groove u is provided at a corresponding position inside the inner cylinder. A keyway is provided in the inner cylinder, and a key block is provided at a corresponding position in the outer cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, an air intake hole coaxial with the air intake of the outer cylinder is provided in the middle of the inner cylinder, and a steam passage connected to the high-pressure nozzle assembly is provided inside the inner cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, T-grooves are provided on the inner walls of the inner cylinder and the ring assembly, and the stationary vanes are inserted into the corresponding T-grooves. Steam-blocking plates o are inlaid at the circumferential position of the stationary vanes, and corresponding sealing grooves c are provided on the rotor. The steam-blocking plate o includes a long steam-blocking plate and a short steam-blocking plate. The long steam-blocking plate contacts the bottom of the sealing groove c, and the short steam-blocking plate contacts the side wall of the rotor on one side of the sealing groove c.

[0009] Furthermore, a T-groove is provided on the rotor, and the moving blade is inserted into the corresponding T-groove. A sealing groove d is provided at the circumferential position of the moving blade. A steam-blocking plate n is provided on the inner wall of the inner cylinder and the retaining ring assembly to cooperate with it. The steam-blocking plate n includes a long steam-blocking plate and short steam-blocking plates arranged on both sides of the long steam-blocking plate. The long steam-blocking plate contacts the bottom of the sealing groove d, and the short steam-blocking plates contact the high steps on both sides of the sealing groove d.

[0010] Furthermore, the design profiles of the moving blades and stationary blades gradually increase in length according to the number of stages.

[0011] Furthermore, sealing grooves a and e are provided at the front and rear ends of the rotor, respectively, and are sealed to the corresponding positions of the outer cylinder by the front shaft seal and the rear shaft seal, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, the steam seal assembly is installed in the T-groove opened at the front end of the inner cylinder, and a steam-blocking plate m is provided on the steam seal assembly for sealing with the sealing groove b; the steam-blocking plate m includes a number of alternating short steam-blocking plates and long steam-blocking plates, the long steam-blocking plates contact the bottom of the sealing groove b, and the short steam-blocking plates contact the side wall of the rotor.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer cylinder includes an upper cylinder body and a lower cylinder body. The upper cylinder body includes a high-pressure upper cylinder and an exhaust upper cylinder that are integrally and smoothly connected, and the lower cylinder body includes a high-pressure lower cylinder and an exhaust lower cylinder that are integrally and smoothly connected.

[0014] Furthermore, an integrally cast master control valve is provided on the outer cylinder, and the air intake port corresponds to the master control valve.

[0015] The positive effects of this invention are: The inner cylinder of this invention integrates key components such as the steam seal assembly, stationary blades, and high-pressure nozzle assembly, resulting in a compact structure that significantly reduces the length of the turbine shaft system. The use of a reaction-type blade design principle greatly shortens the length of both the moving and stationary blades, allowing the moving blades to be directly inserted into the rotor shaft, avoiding the traditional structural designs of hot-mounting impellers on the rotor shaft and inserting rotors onto impellers.

[0016] Furthermore, no steam baffles are installed on the rotor. Instead, multiple sealing grooves are set at corresponding positions to form a labyrinth seal with the steam baffles in stationary components such as the inner cylinder and retaining ring assembly. This satisfies the turbine's sealing and rated power functions. At the same time, the rotor is maintenance-free, requiring only the replacement of worn steam baffles in stationary components, thereby improving maintenance efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inner cylinder structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the outer cylinder structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main control combined valve structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the regulating valve of the main regulating combined valve of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] As attached Figure 1-4 As shown, this invention discloses a reaction back-pressure steam turbine, which adopts an integrated design, has a compact structure, and uses insert reaction blades to form a flow passage structure, which has the advantages of small radial space and large output. Specifically, it includes an outer cylinder 2, an inner cylinder 1 disposed within the outer cylinder 2, a retaining ring assembly 3 disposed within the outer cylinder 2 and located behind the inner cylinder 1, and a rotor 7 disposed within the inner cylinder 1 and the retaining ring assembly 3.

[0019] The inner cylinder 1 is installed inside the outer cylinder 2, which is a high-pressure cylinder body divided into upper and lower halves. The inner cylinder 1 is an integrated cylinder body, also divided into upper and lower halves. A rectangular annular mounting groove u205 is formed inside the outer cylinder 2, and an annular positioning boss 107 is formed at the corresponding position on the inner cylinder 1 to mate with the mounting groove u205. The two are fitted together to satisfy the axial positioning of the inner cylinder 1 within the outer cylinder 2. A keyway is formed at the bottom of the lower half of the inner cylinder 1 to mate with a key block formed at the bottom of the lower half of the outer cylinder 2, allowing for rapid adjustment of the radial direction of the inner cylinder 1 relative to the center of the rotor 7.

[0020] A high-pressure nozzle assembly 6 is located on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 1 at its central position. It connects to the main control valve 8 via a steam inlet hole located in the middle of the inner cylinder 1 and coaxial with the outer cylinder 2. Steam enters along the steam inlet centerline, and the steam continues to flow through a steam passage opened in the inner cylinder 1 to the high-pressure nozzle assembly 6. (See attached...) Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the main control valve 8 includes a main steam valve 801 and two regulating valves 802, which are used for steam on / off and steam flow control in both directions, respectively. By controlling the opening degree and opening / closing sequence of the main control valve 8, steam enters the inner cylinder 1 through the corresponding open channels of the valves. The high-pressure nozzle group 6 is configured with a multi-half-circle insert blade structure and is adapted to the steam channels corresponding to the two regulating valves to meet the steam expansion and work requirements. Preferably, the blades in the high-pressure nozzle group 6 are installed using a T-slot insert method, which greatly improves the accuracy of the blade throat ±0.1 and facilitates future maintenance and replacement services.

[0021] Near the outlet of the high-pressure nozzle group 6, a steam-blocking plate p106 is inlaid on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 1. It cooperates with the regulating stage moving blade 706 inserted on the rotor 7 to form a dynamic and static seal to ensure that all steam impacts the regulating stage moving blade 706 to do work and prevent steam from escaping.

[0022] Eight-stage stationary vanes 103 are inserted behind the steam-blocking vane p106 and inside the inner cylinder 1, and fourteen-stage stationary vanes 103 are inserted on the retaining ring assembly 3, replacing the traditional structure of installing one-stage stationary vanes on one-stage partition, minimizing the shaft length and shaft diameter. The stationary vanes 103 are inserted into the T-slots opened on the inner cylinder 1 and the retaining ring assembly 3, which is more convenient for future maintenance than welding. Steam-blocking vanes o105 are inlaid at the circumferential position of each stationary vane 103. There are two steam-blocking vanes o, one long and one short, which are adapted to the sealing groove c703 opened on the rotor 7. The long steam-blocking vane contacts the bottom of the sealing groove c703, and the short steam-blocking vane contacts the rotor 7 shaft on one side of the sealing groove c703, forming a labyrinth-type static-dynamic gap seal.

[0023] A T-slot is formed on the rotor 7, and a series of moving blades 707 are inserted. The moving blades 707 and the stationary blades 103 are axially cross-fitted to form the turbine flow passage structure. Sealing grooves d704 are formed at the circumferential positions of all moving blades 707, and these grooves are adapted to the steam-blocking plates n104 embedded in the inner wall of the inner cylinder 1 and the retaining ring assembly 3 between the stationary blades 103, forming a labyrinth-type dynamic-static gap seal. Preferably, there are three steam-blocking plates n104: a long steam-blocking plate in the middle and short steam-blocking plates on both sides. The long steam-blocking plate contacts the bottom of the sealing groove d704, and the short steam-blocking plates contact the high steps on both sides of the corresponding sealing groove d701, forming a low-high-low labyrinth structure to ensure optimal sealing with the moving blade sealing groove 704.

[0024] The stationary vanes 103 on the inner cylinder 1 and the retaining ring assembly 3, together with the rotor 7, form a static-dynamic labyrinth seal. The moving vanes 707 inserted into the rotor 7, together with the steam-blocking plates n104 in the inner cylinder 1 and the retaining ring assembly 3, form a dynamic-static labyrinth seal. This cross-sealing prevents steam from escaping from both ends, allowing steam to continuously expand and do work along the blade profile, driving the rotor 7 to rotate at high speed. Preferably, as the steam temperature and pressure decrease, the design profiles of the moving vanes 707 and the stationary vanes 103 gradually lengthen in stages to accommodate the continuous steam expansion, resulting in a smoother and more even evolution of the flow meridian.

[0025] A steam seal assembly 101 is provided on the inner wall of the inner cylinder 1, located in front of the high-pressure nozzle assembly 6, and a corresponding sealing groove b702 is provided on the rotor 7. The steam seal assembly 101 is installed in a rectangular annular T-groove opened at the front end of the inner cylinder 1. To prevent steam escape and reduce the axial thrust of steam on the rotor 7, it is preferable to install 10 sets. The steam seal assembly 101 can be disassembled and reinstalled at any time through the insertion structure. Steam blocking plates m102 are provided on the steam seal assembly 101, and a corresponding sealing groove b702 is provided on the rotor 7, forming a static-dynamic labyrinth seal. In this embodiment, the steam blocking plates m102 on each steam seal assembly 101 include five short steam blocking plates and four long steam blocking plates arranged alternately, forming a high-low cross labyrinth structure. Several sealing grooves b702 are provided accordingly. The long steam blocking plates contact the bottom of the sealing groove b702, and the short steam blocking plates contact the shaft of the rotor 7. The steam baffle m102 is made of copper teeth and solution-treated stainless steel teeth, which differs in material and hardness from the steam seal assembly 101, making it more suitable for high-speed operation with the rotor 7. Furthermore, during maintenance, the designed flow clearance between the steam seal assembly 101 and the rotor 7 can be achieved by removing worn or failed steam baffle m102 and replacing it with a new spare. This avoids the increased maintenance costs associated with replacing the entire steam seal assembly 101.

[0026] Similarly, during maintenance, for worn or failed steam baffles p106, o105, and n104, the design flow clearance between the retaining ring assembly 3, inner cylinder 1, and rotor 7 can be achieved by removing and replacing them with new spare parts. This avoids the increased maintenance costs caused by replacing the entire set of the above components, and the maintenance and restoration work can be completed quickly on site.

[0027] Preferably, sealing grooves a701 and e705 are provided at the front and rear ends of the rotor 7, respectively, and are sealed to the corresponding positions of the outer cylinder 2 by the front shaft seal 4 and the rear shaft seal 5, respectively. Steam seal assembly 101 is also installed on the front shaft seal 4 and the rear shaft seal 5 through T-slots. Its structure is the same as that of the steam seal assembly 101 between the inner cylinder 1 and the rotor 7. It can also be replaced by removing the worn or failed steam baffle m102.

[0028] This invention does not install any steam-blocking plates on the rotor 7. The front end only has a rectangular sealing groove a701 forming a labyrinth seal section with the front shaft seal 4 to prevent steam leakage to the front bearing housing 9. The rear end only has a rectangular sealing groove e705 forming a labyrinth seal section with the rear shaft seal 5 to prevent steam leakage to the rear bearing housing 10. The middle section only has a rectangular sealing groove b702 forming a labyrinth seal section with the steam seal assembly 101 inserted into the front end of the inner cylinder 1 to reduce the axial thrust of steam on the rotor 7. Therefore, multiple sealing grooves are only opened at corresponding positions on the rotor 7 body, while the series of steam-blocking plates are all located in stationary components such as the inner cylinder 1, the retaining ring assembly 3, the front shaft seal 4, and the rear shaft seal 5. During maintenance, the core component rotor 7 can be maintenance-free; only the worn steam-blocking plates in the aforementioned stationary components need to be replaced, thereby improving maintenance efficiency.

[0029] A rectangular annular mounting groove x207 is provided at the front end of the outer cylinder 2 for axially supporting the front shaft seal 4, preventing steam from leaking into the atmosphere. A rectangular annular mounting groove y208 is provided at the rear end of the outer cylinder 2 for axially supporting the rear shaft seal 5, preventing steam from leaking into the atmosphere. A series of rectangular annular mounting grooves v206 are provided in the middle section of the outer cylinder 2 for axially supporting the retaining ring assembly 3, thereby realizing the flow passage structure between the rotor 7 and the moving and stationary blades. That is, through the single-cylinder design structure, the sealing function of steam at both ends of the steam turbine and the function of steam efficiently driving the rotor rotation can be satisfied.

[0030] The outer cylinder 2 of this invention is an integrated design, divided into an upper cylinder body and a lower cylinder body along a horizontal dividing plane. Depending on the steam action, the outer cylinder 2 is equipped with a high-pressure cylinder and an exhaust cylinder. Unlike traditional high-pressure cylinders and exhaust cylinders that are sealed via flanges and connected by bolts, the high-pressure cylinder and exhaust cylinder of this invention are an integrated structure. The high-pressure cylinder section is divided into a high-pressure upper cylinder 201 and a high-pressure lower cylinder 202, and the exhaust cylinder section is divided into an exhaust upper cylinder 203 and an exhaust lower cylinder 204. The high-pressure upper cylinder 201 and the exhaust upper cylinder 203 are smoothly and integrally connected, as are the high-pressure lower cylinder 202 and the exhaust lower cylinder 204, thus eliminating the need for flange surface finishing and sealing, as well as bolt and nut tightening.

[0031] Unlike traditional valves and outer cylinders that are sealed via flanges and bolted connections, in this invention, the main regulating valve 8 and the outer cylinder 2 are cast as a single, seamless structure, avoiding the cumbersome work of flange lamination and bolt / nut tightening. Furthermore, this structure significantly shortens the connection length between the main regulating valve 8 and the high-pressure upper cylinder 201, thereby reducing steam parameter losses. Simultaneously, the main regulating valve 8 includes a main steam valve body and two regulating valve bodies, all integrally cast with the high-pressure upper cylinder 201, reducing intermediate pipe connections. This optimizes steam on / off control and steam flow control while minimizing steam parameter losses, enabling the unit to start and stop quickly with a single button.

[0032] The rear shaft seal 5 of this invention is installed inside the outer cylinder 2, effectively preventing steam from escaping into the atmosphere. To avoid steam corroding the rear oil baffle 12 installed at the front end of the rear bearing housing 10, the two are installed separately with a safe distance between them, thus solving the problem of water-oil mixing and damage to bearing lubrication caused by the rear shaft seal and rear oil baffle being installed together in traditional units. Similarly, the front shaft seal 4 is installed inside the front end of the outer cylinder 2, and is arranged separately from the front oil baffle 11 installed at the front end of the front bearing housing 9 with a safe distance between them, preventing steam from leaking to the front oil baffle 11 and damaging the oil inside the front bearing housing 9.

[0033] This invention features a highly integrated inner cylinder 1. The front end integrates ten sets of steam seal assemblies 101 for steam sealing and balancing axial thrust. The middle section integrates a high-pressure nozzle assembly 6 to support the main regulating valve controlling steam flow. The rear end integrates eight sets of stationary vanes 103 to adapt to the rotor's moving vanes 707, forming a flow passage structure. The inner cylinder design significantly reduces the excessive shaft length caused by individually arranging each component. The modular design facilitates on-site maintenance of the inner cylinder.

[0034] This invention discloses a reaction back-pressure steam turbine, which can be directly connected to a generator to form a back-pressure heating unit, and can also be used for power plant power generation. This steam turbine has a large rated output, a compact structure, and an integrated design that allows for skid-mounted transport without requiring secondary assembly at the power plant. Internally, it adopts a modular design principle, with interfaces for quick installation and assembly of each component. A unique internal cylinder steam seal supply pipeline system effectively reduces the axial thrust of the unit, ensuring safe operation. The external cylinder houses the main steam regulating valve, achieving an integrated design of the main steam valve and regulating valve, eliminating the need for piping connections. Through optimized cylinder structure and expansion system, one-button rapid start-up and shutdown are achieved, with the unit's cold start-up from no-load to full-load time approximately 30 minutes.

[0035] The turbine rotor has 22 stages. By arranging reaction blades, even more stages can be arranged in the rotor space, thus greatly reducing the overall size of the unit and ensuring that the total internal efficiency of the turbine (under rated operating conditions) can reach 89%. This back-pressure unit is suitable for power plant equipment, new energy, clean energy, and industrial drive fields, and can fully replace imported units.

[0036] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine, characterized in that... It includes an outer cylinder (2), an inner cylinder (1) disposed inside the outer cylinder (2), a retaining ring assembly disposed inside the outer cylinder (2) and located behind the inner cylinder (1), and a rotor (7) installed in the inner cylinder (1) and the retaining ring assembly. A high-pressure nozzle assembly (6) is provided in the middle of the inner wall of the inner cylinder (1). A steam seal assembly (101) is provided in front of the high-pressure nozzle assembly (6) and located on the inner side wall of the inner cylinder (1). A corresponding sealing groove b (702) is provided on the rotor (7). Near the outlet of the high-pressure nozzle assembly (6) At the location, a steam-blocking plate p (106) is inlaid on the inner wall of the inner cylinder (1), and an adjusting stage moving blade (706) is provided on the rotor (7) to cooperate with it. Several stages of stationary blades (103) are provided behind the steam-blocking plate p (106) and located in the inner cylinder (1) and the ring assembly (3). Several moving blades (707) are provided on the rotor (7). The stationary blades (103) and the moving blades (707) are alternately arranged along the axial direction. The moving blades (707), the adjusting stage moving blades (706) and the stationary blades (103) are reaction blades.

2. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that... A rectangular annular mounting groove u (205) is provided inside the outer cylinder (2), and an annular positioning boss (107) that cooperates with the mounting groove u (205) is provided at the corresponding position inside the inner cylinder (1). A keyway is provided in the inner cylinder (1), and a key block is provided at the corresponding position in the outer cylinder (2).

3. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that... An air inlet hole coaxial with the air inlet of the outer cylinder (2) is provided in the middle of the inner cylinder (1), and a steam passage connected to the high-pressure nozzle group (6) is provided inside the inner cylinder (1).

4. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that... T-grooves are provided on the inner walls of the inner cylinder (1) and the ring assembly (3). The stationary vane (103) is inserted into the corresponding T-grooves. A steam-blocking plate o (105) is inlaid on the circumferential position of the stationary vane (103). A corresponding sealing groove c (703) is provided on the rotor (7). The steam-blocking plate o (105) includes a long steam-blocking plate and a short steam-blocking plate. The long steam-blocking plate contacts the bottom of the sealing groove c (703), and the short steam-blocking plate contacts the side wall of the rotor (7) on one side of the sealing groove c (703).

5. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that... A T-groove is provided on the rotor (7), and the moving blade (707) is inserted into the corresponding T-groove. A sealing groove d (704) is provided at the circumferential position of the moving blade (707). A steam-blocking plate n (104) is provided on the inner wall of the inner cylinder (1) and the holding ring assembly (3) to cooperate with it. The steam-blocking plate n (104) includes a long steam-blocking plate and short steam-blocking plates arranged on both sides of the long steam-blocking plate. The long steam-blocking plate is in contact with the bottom of the sealing groove d (704), and the short steam-blocking plate is in contact with the high steps on both sides of the sealing groove d (704).

6. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that... The design profiles of the moving blade (707) and the stationary blade (103) gradually increase in length according to the number of stages.

7. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that... The rotor (7) has sealing grooves a (701) and e (705) at its front and rear ends respectively, and the corresponding positions of the outer cylinder (2) are sealed by the front shaft seal (4) and the rear shaft seal (5) respectively.

8. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that... The steam seal assembly (101) is installed in the T-groove opened at the front end of the inner cylinder (1). The steam seal assembly (101) is provided with a steam barrier plate m (102) for sealing with the sealing groove b (702). The steam barrier plate m (102) includes a number of alternating short steam barrier plates and long steam barrier plates. The long steam barrier plates are in contact with the bottom of the sealing groove b (702), and the short steam barrier plates are in contact with the side wall of the rotor (7).

9. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... The outer cylinder (2) includes an upper cylinder body and a lower cylinder body. The upper cylinder body includes a high-pressure upper cylinder (201) and an exhaust upper cylinder (203) that are integrally and smoothly connected. The lower cylinder body includes a high-pressure lower cylinder (202) and an exhaust lower cylinder (204) that are integrally and smoothly connected.

10. A reaction back-pressure steam turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that... An integrally cast master control valve (8) is provided on the outer cylinder (2), and the air inlet corresponds to the master control valve (8).

Images