Temperature-controlled transparent soil visual vibration table test system and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a temperature control transparent soil visualization vibration table test system and an operation method, and belongs to the technical field of transparent soil tests.The temperature control transparent soil visualization vibration table test system comprises a vibration table, a vertical vibration exciter is installed at the bottom of the vibration table, and a horizontal vibration exciter is arranged on the side face of the vibration table; the environment box is detachably and rigidly fixed to the table top of the vibration table through an installation assembly, a box door is arranged on the front face of the environment box, and an environment temperature adjusting system and a temperature feedback device are arranged on the inner wall of the environment box. A model box is fixed to the bottom wall of an inner cavity of the environment box through a clamping assembly, the model box is filled with transparent soil materials and transparent liquid, a temperature adjusting assembly arranged in the model box comprises a circulating pipe installed in the model box and a constant-temperature water bath circulating machine arranged in the environment box, and the two ends of the circulating pipe are connected with the constant-temperature water bath circulating machine. The invention provides a test system capable of integrating environment temperature control, structure active temperature regulation, power loading and full-field visual observation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of transparent soil testing technology, and in particular to a temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table testing system and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of geotechnical engineering, it is crucial to study the interaction mechanism between soil and structures under complex environmental conditions, especially in engineering structures involving thermo-mechanical coupling effects, such as bridge pile foundations and energy piles in permafrost regions.

[0003] Traditional physical model tests typically rely on centrifuges or shaking tables to acquire data by embedding a large number of sensors inside the soil. However, this invasive measurement method has significant shortcomings: on the one hand, the embedding of sensors disrupts the continuity of the soil, interferes with the propagation of waves and the soil deformation field, and thus leads to distorted test data; on the other hand, sensors can only provide limited measurement data at discrete points, and cannot achieve continuous full-field displacement and strain information inside the soil, making it difficult to fully reveal the failure mechanism inside the soil.

[0004] In recent years, transparent soil technology, combined with visualization methods based on particle image velocimetry, has provided a new solution for geotechnical engineering research. Transparent soil technology makes the soil transparent by configuring pore fluid with the same refractive index as the aggregate, and by combining laser slicing and high-speed photography, it has achieved non-invasive, full-field observation of the soil deformation field.

[0005] However, most current transparent soil shaking table test systems can only operate under normal temperature conditions and cannot effectively simulate complex temperature environments. For research related to temperature effects, existing test devices have the following technical bottlenecks: First, traditional environmental temperature control chambers usually adopt an opaque and closed structure, which blocks the optical observation path and makes it impossible to achieve visual observation of transparent soil tests; if an observation window is opened, the temperature difference between the inside and outside can easily cause fogging or frost, which significantly reduces the image acquisition quality.

[0006] Secondly, in vibration table tests, the temperature control equipment is bulky and heavy, and it is difficult to ensure the stability of the connection when it is placed directly on the vibration table; if it is set up independently outside the vibration table, it is difficult to maintain stable thermal boundary conditions due to the relative movement between the model box and the temperature control equipment.

[0007] In addition, the connection methods of existing temperature control equipment are generally complicated to disassemble and assemble, resulting in low test efficiency. Finally, existing test systems are unable to simultaneously achieve multi-field coupling functions such as seismic dynamic loading, ambient temperature control, active temperature regulation inside the structure, and simulation of superstructure loads in a single device, which restricts in-depth research on the interaction mechanism between soil and structure under complex working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a test system that integrates environmental temperature control, active structural temperature regulation, dynamic loading, and full-field visual observation.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system, including a shaking table, wherein a vertical vibrator is installed at the bottom of the shaking table and a horizontal vibrator is equipped on the side; The environmental chamber is fixed to the vibration table in a detachable and rigid manner by mounting components. The environmental chamber has a door on the front and an environmental temperature regulation system and a temperature feedback device on the inner wall. A model box is fixed to the bottom wall of the environmental chamber by a clamping assembly. The model box is filled with transparent soil material and transparent liquid. The temperature control assembly installed inside the model box includes a circulation pipe installed inside the model box and a constant temperature water bath circulation machine installed inside the environmental chamber. Both ends of the circulation pipe are connected to the constant temperature water bath circulation machine. Optical observation components installed on the inner wall of the environmental chamber are used to observe the inside and surface of the model chamber. An actuator is installed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber, and its output end extends into the inside of the model chamber to realize related actions.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: the mounting assembly includes several rectangular blocks fixed on the table surface of the vibration table. The top edge of the rectangular block has a first bevel, and the side wall is designed with insertion holes. The number of sockets fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the environmental chamber matches the number of rectangular blocks.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: each socket has a groove at its bottom that fits with the rectangular block, and a slide rod is slidably installed in a channel designed inside the side wall of the socket. One end of the slide rod extends out of the socket and the other end extends into the groove.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: one end of the slide rod extending into the groove is fixed with an insert block, the insert block has a second inclined surface that cooperates with the first inclined surface, and the two ends of the return spring sleeved on the outside of the slide rod respectively abut against the insert block and the inner wall of the channel.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: the clamping assembly includes a rectangular frame fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber, the rectangular frame surrounding the outer periphery of the model box, and a plurality of clamping screws threaded through the rectangular frame, with a clamping block fixed at one end of the clamping screws on the inner side of the rectangular frame abutting against the outer wall of the model box.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: the optical observation component includes a laser installed on one side of the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environment chamber, a high-speed camera installed on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environment chamber, and a thermal imager installed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the environment chamber.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution: the model box is made of double-layer vacuum glass or high-strength aviation acrylic material; the box door is provided with an observation window made of double-layer vacuum glass material.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution: the circulation pipe is embedded in the transparent soil material in a serpentine shape, and the actuator is used to apply a vertical load to the structure embedded in the transparent soil material.

[0017] The system operation method includes the following steps: S1. Place the model box in the rectangular frame inside the environmental chamber, and adjust the clamping screw to fix the model box through the clamping block; arrange the circulation pipe and the structure to be tested inside the model box, fill it with transparent soil material and inject transparent liquid; S2. Hoist the environmental box above the vibration table and lower it. Use the first inclined surface of the rectangular block and the second inclined surface of the insert block to squeeze the slide bar to retract until the environmental box is seated. The insert block is inserted into the insertion hole under the action of the return spring to complete the rigid connection. S3. Close the chamber door and start the ambient temperature control system to regulate the ambient temperature inside the chamber; start the constant temperature water bath circulation machine to introduce circulating fluid into the circulation pipe to regulate the internal temperature of the soil; control the actuator to apply mechanical load to the structure. S4. After the temperature field stabilizes, turn on the laser, high-speed camera and thermal imager; start the vertical and horizontal vibrators to input seismic waves; record the displacement field inside the soil through the high-speed camera, record the surface temperature field through the thermal imager, and monitor the ambient temperature through the temperature feedback device. S5. After the test, pull the slide bar to remove the insert from the insertion hole, lift the environmental box off the vibration table, release the clamping assembly and take out the model box.

[0018] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The constant temperature water bath circulation machine pumps constant temperature liquid into the circulation pipeline to achieve precise heating or cooling of the soil interior. An actuator, such as a hydraulic servo actuator or an electric push rod, is installed directly above the top wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber. The output end of the actuator extends vertically downward into the interior of the model box. The actuator is used to apply vertical loads or horizontal thrusts to the structure embedded in the transparent soil to simulate the impact of the superstructure load on the foundation.

[0019] 2. By precisely engaging the first inclined surface of the rectangular block with the second inclined surface of the insert block, the environmental chamber is locked to the vibration table by utilizing its own gravity to drive the sliding rod to retract and automatically reset and lock. This structural design is simple to operate, eliminating the need for complex bolt tightening processes. It not only significantly shortens the test preparation time, but also ensures connection rigidity through the tight fit between the insert block and the insertion hole and the preload of the reset spring, ensuring that seismic waves are transmitted to the model box without damage and avoiding waveform distortion caused by loose connections.

[0020] 3. The overall system highly integrates multiple subsystems such as excitation, temperature control, circulation, loading and observation. It has a compact structure and clear and easy-to-follow operating procedures, covering the entire process from model preparation, rapid installation, multi-field coupling loading to data acquisition and disassembly and resetting. It has excellent operability and repeatability, and provides a standardized test platform for the study of geotechnical engineering problems in complex environments. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the interior of the invention is shown; Figure 3 A front view of the invention is shown; Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the mounting assembly of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 The present invention is shown. Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 A perspective view of the clamping assembly of the present invention is shown.

[0022] Legend: 10. Vibration table; 11. Vertical vibrator; 12. Horizontal vibrator; 13. Environmental chamber; 14. Chamber door; 141. Observation window; 15. Ambient temperature control system; 16. Temperature feedback device; 17. Model box; 18. Actuator; 20. Circulation pipe; 21. Constant temperature water bath circulation machine; 30. Laser; 31. High-speed camera; 32. Thermal imager; 40. Transparent clay material; 41. Transparent liquid; 50. Rectangular frame; 51. Clamping screw; 52. Clamping block; 60. Rectangular block; 61. First inclined plane; 62. Socket; 63. Socket; 64. Sliding rod; 65. Insert block; 66. Second inclined plane; 67. Return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figures 1-6The present invention provides a technical solution: a temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system, including a shaking table 10, which serves as the basic bearing platform for the test. The bottom of the shaking table is equipped with a vertical vibrator 11, and the side is equipped with a horizontal vibrator 12.

[0025] The vertical exciter 11 and the horizontal exciter 12 are connected to an external control system via electrical connection, and can provide seismic wave input in the vertical and horizontal directions according to the test requirements, such as sine waves, random waves or seismic record waves, thereby realizing the simulation of seismic conditions.

[0026] An environmental chamber 13 is installed above the surface of the vibration table 10. The environmental chamber 13 is a hollow cubic structure with heat preservation function. The inner wall of the chamber is designed with a heat preservation layer to isolate the heat exchange between the inside and outside.

[0027] The environmental chamber 13 is equipped with a hinged door 14 on the front, with an observation window 141 made of double-layered vacuum glass embedded in the door 14, which facilitates a rough observation of the conditions inside the chamber and effectively prevents fogging on the glass surface.

[0028] To achieve a quick and reliable rigid connection between the environmental chamber 13 and the vibration table 10, the two are connected via mounting components. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the mounting assembly includes several rectangular blocks 60 and corresponding sockets 63, wherein the rectangular blocks 60 are fixedly mounted on the table surface of the vibration table 10, and the sockets 63 are fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the environmental chamber 13.

[0029] Specifically, the top edge of the rectangular block 60 is chamfered to form a first inclined surface 61, and its two side walls are provided with socket holes 62; the bottom of the socket 63 is designed with a groove that matches the rectangular block 60, and a transverse channel is provided inside the two side walls of the socket 63, in which a slide rod 64 is slidably installed.

[0030] One end of the slide rod 64 extends out of the socket 63 and is provided with a pull ring for manual operation, while the other end extends into the groove of the socket 63 and is fixedly connected to the plug block 65. The bottom end of the plug block 65 is provided with a second inclined surface 66 that matches the first inclined surface 61. A return spring 67 is sleeved on the slide rod 64. The two ends of the return spring 67 abut against the plug block 65 and the inner wall of the channel, respectively, giving the plug block 65 a force to return to the center.

[0031] When the environmental box 13 needs to be installed, it is placed on the table from above by hoisting. During this process, the second inclined surface 66 of the insert block 65 comes into contact with the first inclined surface 61 of the rectangular block 60 and forms a component force, which pushes the slide rod 64 to move outward against the elastic action of the return spring 67. After the environmental box 13 is seated in place, under the action of the return spring 67, the insert block 65 automatically springs into the insertion hole 62 of the rectangular block 60, thereby realizing the automatic locking and rigid connection between the environmental box 13 and the vibration table 10.

[0032] An ambient temperature control system 15 is integrated on one side of the inner wall of the environmental chamber 13. This system consists of a refrigeration compressor, a heating resistance wire, and an air circulation fan. It is used to regulate the air temperature inside the chamber and can accurately simulate a freeze-thaw cycle environment from -15°C to 25°C. A temperature feedback device 16, such as a high-precision thermocouple, is also installed on the top of the inner wall of the environmental chamber 13 to monitor the ambient temperature in real time and feed the data back to the control system.

[0033] A heat-insulated transparent model box 17 is fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber 13 by a clamping assembly. The model box 17 is made of high-strength aerospace-grade acrylic sheet. To prevent the optical observation from being affected by fogging on the chamber wall during the low-temperature test, a double-layer vacuum glass structure or a double-layer acrylic sandwich structure is preferred.

[0034] The model box 17 is filled with transparent soil material 40 (such as fused silica sand) and pore fluid—transparent liquid 41 (such as a prepared solution that matches the refractive index of silica sand).

[0035] To prevent relative displacement of the model box 17 during vibration, a clamping assembly is used for fixation, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the clamping assembly includes a rectangular frame 50 fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber 13. The internal dimensions of the rectangular frame 50 are slightly larger than the external dimensions of the model box 17. Several clamping screws 51 are threaded through its four side walls. The inner end of the clamping screws 51 is connected to a clamping block 52, which can be equipped with a rubber pad. By tightening the clamping screws 51, the clamping block 52 can be tightly attached to and pressed against the outer wall of the model box 17, ensuring that the model box 17 is firmly fixed.

[0036] To enable visual observation of the soil interior, the inner wall of the environmental chamber 13 integrates optical observation components, such as... Figure 2 As shown, a high-power line laser 30 is installed on one side of the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber 13. The laser 30 can generate sheet laser and vertically irradiate the model chamber 17, thereby illuminating a specific cross-section inside the transparent soil material 40 and forming an artificial speckle field.

[0037] A high-speed camera 31 is also installed on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber 13 to capture images of the movement of particles inside the soil. In addition, a thermal imager 32 is installed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber 13 with its lens facing downwards to observe the model chamber 17 from the top, so as to assist in monitoring the temperature field distribution on the surface of the soil.

[0038] The model box 17 is equipped with a temperature regulation device to simulate the heat exchange process of the energy pile or the temperature change inside the structure. Specifically, the temperature regulation device includes a circulation pipe 20 embedded in the transparent soil material 40. The pipe is arranged in a serpentine or spiral shape. The two ends of the circulation pipe 20 penetrate the side wall of the model box 17 and are connected to the constant temperature water bath circulation machine 21 installed inside the environmental box 13.

[0039] The constant temperature water bath circulation machine 21 pumps constant temperature liquid to the circulation pipe 20 to achieve precise heating or cooling of the soil inside. An actuator 18, such as a hydraulic servo actuator or an electric push rod, is installed directly above the top wall of the inner cavity of the environmental box 13. The output end of the actuator 18 extends vertically downward into the interior of the model box 17. The actuator 18 is used to apply vertical loads or horizontal thrusts to structures embedded in transparent soil (such as model pile foundations) to simulate the influence of superstructure loads on the foundation.

[0040] The system integrates transparent soil technology, environmental temperature control technology, and shaking table loading technology. It achieves precise control of the macroscopic temperature field within the environmental chamber 13 through the environmental temperature regulation system 15, which is used to simulate frozen soil or thaw settlement environments. At the same time, it uses a constant temperature water bath circulator 21 and an embedded circulation pipe 20 to control the local temperature field inside the structure, which is used to simulate the heat exchange of energy piles. Combined with the seismic dynamic field provided by the vertical vibrator 11 and the horizontal vibrator 12, and the load applied by the actuator 18, the four-field coupled simulation of the temperature field (external + internal), seepage field (thermal flow coupling), dynamic field, and stress field can be successfully realized.

[0041] Furthermore, through the optical observation assembly consisting of a high-power line laser 30, a high-speed camera 31, and a thermal imager 32, combined with a double-layer vacuum glass observation window 141 and a transparent model box 17, the system can observe the displacement field, strain field, and temperature field inside the soil under complex coupling conditions, effectively overcoming the limitations of traditional sensor point measurement and intrusion interference.

[0042] To address the technical challenges of securing the equipment during the vibration table 10 test, this system features a unique installation assembly. Through the precise engagement of the first inclined surface 61 of the rectangular block 60 and the second inclined surface 66 of the insert block 65, the environmental chamber 13 utilizes its own gravity to drive the sliding rod 64 to retract and automatically reset and lock, thus achieving the locking of the environmental chamber 13 and the vibration table 10. This structural design is simple to operate, eliminating the need for complex bolt tightening processes. It not only significantly shortens the test preparation time but also ensures connection rigidity through the tight fit between the insert block 65 and the insertion hole 62, as well as the preload of the reset spring 67. This guarantees the lossless transmission of seismic waves to the model chamber 17 and avoids waveform distortion caused by loose connections.

[0043] When considering the optical observation requirements of low-temperature experiments, the environmental chamber 13 adopts a hollow insulation structure to reduce heat loss, and double-layer vacuum glass is selected as the observation window 141 of the chamber door 14 to effectively block the temperature difference between the inside and outside and prevent fogging or frost from forming on the surface of the observation window 141 in the simulated permafrost low-temperature environment.

[0044] The transparent model box 17 is made of high-strength aerospace acrylic. Combining the requirements of light transmittance and load-bearing capacity, it fully ensures the acquisition of high-quality speckle images required for PIV analysis. The system is equipped with a clamping assembly consisting of a rectangular frame 50 and clamping screws 51, which can flexibly adapt to transparent model boxes 17 of different sizes. The clamping block 52 provides flexible and stable constraints, effectively preventing the model box 17 from slipping or jumping during severe vibration, thus ensuring the safety of the experiment.

[0045] Meanwhile, the top-integrated actuator 18 can directly apply loads to the embedded structure, accurately simulating the gravity effect of the superstructure or traffic dynamic loads.

[0046] The overall system highly integrates multiple subsystems such as excitation, temperature control, circulation, loading, and observation. It has a compact structure and a clear and easy-to-follow operating procedure, covering the entire process from model preparation, rapid installation, multi-field coupling loading to data acquisition and disassembly and resetting. It has excellent operability and repeatability, and provides a standardized test platform for the study of geotechnical engineering problems in complex environments.

[0047] Operating method based on a temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system: S1. Preparation stage: First, place the model box 17 inside the rectangular frame 50 and fix the model box 17 by tightening the clamping screw 51; then arrange the circulation pipe 20 and the model of the structure to be tested inside the model box 17, fill the transparent soil material 40 in layers, and inject the transparent liquid 41 until the design height is reached. To ensure the transparency of the medium, remove air bubbles by vacuum pumping.

[0048] S2. Lift the environmental box 13 above the vibration table 10, precisely align the rectangular block 60 and the socket 63, and slowly lower the environmental box 13. Use the guiding and squeezing action of the first inclined surface 61 and the second inclined surface 66 to make the slide rod 64 retract until the environmental box 13 is firmly seated. At the same time, the plug 65 is locked into the socket 62 under the action of the return spring 67, completing the rigid docking of the environmental box 13 and the vibration table 10.

[0049] S3. After closing the chamber door 14, start the ambient temperature control system 15 and adjust the temperature inside the chamber according to the test plan, for example, lower the temperature to -15°C to simulate the frozen soil environment. Then start the constant temperature water bath circulation machine 21 to make the circulating liquid flow continuously in the circulation pipe 20 to simulate the heat exchange effect of the energy pile or the structural heating process, thereby constructing a non-uniform temperature field inside the soil. By controlling the actuator 18 to extend, a predetermined type of mechanical loading is applied to the test structure.

[0050] S4. Once the temperature field stabilizes, activate the high-power line laser 30, high-speed camera 31, and thermal imager 32. Simultaneously operate the vertical vibrator 11 and the horizontal vibrator 12 to input seismic waves into the experimental system. During the vibration process, the high-speed camera 31 penetrates the transparent soil medium and continuously records the displacement trajectory of soil particles within the laser-illuminated section. The thermal imager 32 captures the evolution of soil surface temperature. The temperature feedback device 16 monitors changes in ambient temperature.

[0051] S5. Finally, by pulling the slide bar 64 to disengage the insert 65 from the insertion hole 62, the environmental box 13 is lifted off the vibration table 10. After releasing the clamping assembly, the model box 17 is removed and cleaned.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system, comprising a shaking table (10), characterized in that: The vibration table (10) is equipped with a vertical exciter (11) at the bottom and a horizontal exciter (12) on the side. The environmental chamber (13) is fixed to the table surface of the vibration table (10) in a detachable and rigid manner by means of the mounting components. The environmental chamber (13) has a door (14) on the front and the inner wall of the environmental chamber (13) is equipped with an environmental temperature regulation system (15) and a temperature feedback device (16). A model box (17) is fixed to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber (13) by a clamping assembly. The model box (17) is filled with transparent soil material (40) and transparent liquid (41). The temperature control assembly installed in the model box (17) includes a circulation pipe (20) installed inside the model box (17) and a constant temperature water bath circulation machine (21) installed inside the environmental chamber (13). The two ends of the circulation pipe (20) are connected to the constant temperature water bath circulation machine (21). The optical observation components installed on the inner wall of the environmental chamber (13) are used to observe the interior and surface of the model chamber (17). An actuator (18) is installed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the environmental chamber (13), and its output end extends into the interior of the model chamber (17) to realize related actions.

2. The temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting assembly includes several rectangular blocks (60) fixed on the table surface of the vibration table (10). The top edge of the rectangular block (60) has a first bevel (61), and its side wall is designed with sockets (62). The number of sockets (63) fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the environmental box (13) matches the number of rectangular blocks (60).

3. The temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each socket (63) has a groove at its bottom that fits into a rectangular block (60). A slide rod (64) is slidably installed in a channel designed inside the side wall of the socket (63). One end of the slide rod (64) extends out of the socket (63) and the other end extends into the groove.

4. The temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slide bar (64) has a plug (65) fixed at one end extending into the groove. The plug (65) has a second inclined surface (66) that cooperates with the first inclined surface (61). The return spring (67) sleeved on the outside of the slide bar (64) presses against the plug (65) and the inner wall of the channel at both ends.

5. The temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly includes a rectangular frame (50) fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environment box (13). The rectangular frame (50) surrounds the outer periphery of the model box (17). A plurality of clamping screws (51) are threaded through the rectangular frame (50). The clamping block (52) fixed at one end of the clamping screw (51) on the inner side of the rectangular frame (50) abuts against the outer wall of the model box (17).

6. The temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical observation assembly includes a laser (30) installed on one side of the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environment chamber (13), a high-speed camera (31) installed on the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the environment chamber (13), and a thermal imager (32) installed on the top wall of the inner cavity of the environment chamber (13).

7. The temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box (17) is made of double-layer vacuum glass or high-strength aviation acrylic material; the box door (14) is provided with an observation window (141) made of double-layer vacuum glass material.

8. The temperature-controlled transparent soil visualization shaking table test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulation pipe (20) is embedded in the transparent soil material (40) in a serpentine shape, and the actuator (18) is used to apply a vertical load to the structure embedded in the transparent soil material (40).

9. A method of operating the system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the model box (17) in the rectangular frame (50) inside the environmental box (13), and adjust the clamping screw (51) to fix the model box (17) through the clamping block (52); arrange the circulation pipe (20) and the structure to be tested inside the model box (17), fill the transparent soil material (40) and inject the transparent liquid (41). S2. Hoist the environmental box (13) above the vibration table (10) and lower it. Use the first inclined surface (61) of the rectangular block (60) and the second inclined surface (66) of the insert block (65) to squeeze the slide bar (64) to retract until the environmental box (13) is seated. The insert block (65) is inserted into the insertion hole (62) under the action of the return spring (67) to complete the rigid connection. S3. Close the box door (14), start the ambient temperature regulation system (15) to regulate the ambient temperature inside the box; start the constant temperature water bath circulation machine (21) to introduce circulating liquid into the circulation pipe (20) to regulate the internal temperature of the soil; control the actuator (18) to apply mechanical load to the structure; S4. After the temperature field stabilizes, turn on the laser (30), high-speed camera (31) and thermal imager (32); start the vertical vibrator (11) and horizontal vibrator (12) to input seismic waves; record the displacement field inside the soil through the high-speed camera (31), record the surface temperature field through the thermal imager (32), and monitor the ambient temperature through the temperature feedback device (16); S5. After the test, pull the slide bar (64) to make the insert (65) exit the insertion hole (62), lift the environmental box (13) away from the vibration table (10), and release the clamping assembly to take out the model box (17).

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