Water mixing valve

Abstract

The water mixing valve comprises a valve shell, a motor, a push rod seat and a push rod, the valve shell comprises two water mixing valve first ports, a water mixing valve second port and a water mixing valve third port, the two water mixing valve first ports are communicated through a flow channel in the valve shell, the motor is installed outside the valve shell, the push rod seat is fixedly installed in the valve shell, and the push rod seat is fixedly installed in the valve shell. The push rod is provided with a first sealing part and a second sealing part, a first cavity is formed between the valve shell and the push rod seat, the second port of the water mixing valve is communicated with the first cavity, the push rod seat is provided with a channel communicated with the first cavity, the push rod seat comprises a second sealing port communicated with the channel, and the valve shell is provided with a second cavity communicated with the first port of the water mixing valve. The valve shell comprises a first sealing opening, the first sealing opening is communicated with the second cavity, and the cavity between the second sealing opening and the first sealing opening is communicated with the third port of the water mixing valve. The water mixing valve is provided with the two communicated first ports of the water mixing valve, and can be used by a heat exchange station in a specific application occasion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of HVAC valve technology, and more specifically, to a mixing valve. Background Technology

[0002] A mixing valve is a control device used to adjust the mixing ratio of hot and cold water to output water at a set temperature. Current mixing valves are all two-inlet, one-outlet, allowing only single-path hot and cold water mixing. They cannot meet the bidirectional water flow requirements of electric heating boilers and other equipment requiring "direct supply + water tank storage," necessitating additional drive components, resulting in cumbersome installation and large space requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a mixing valve with two connected mixing valve first ports to achieve bidirectional water flow switching, which is suitable for electric heating boilers, heat exchange stations and other scenarios, and takes into account both installation convenience and functional versatility.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A mixing valve includes a valve housing, a motor, a push rod seat, and a push rod. The valve housing includes a first mixing valve port, a second mixing valve port, and a third mixing valve port. There are two first mixing valve ports, which are connected through an internal flow channel within the valve housing. One first mixing valve port serves as an inlet, while the other serves as either an outlet or an inlet. The motor is mounted outside the valve housing, and the push rod seat is fixedly mounted inside the valve housing. The motor outputs a drive to move the push rod along the push rod seat. The push rod is fitted with a first sealing element and a second sealing element. A first cavity is formed between the valve housing and the push rod seat. The mixing valve has a second port connected to a first cavity. The push rod seat has a channel connected to the first cavity. The push rod seat includes a second sealing port, which is connected to the channel. The valve housing has a second cavity connected to the first port of the mixing valve. The valve housing includes a first sealing port, which is connected to the second cavity. The cavity of the valve housing located between the second sealing port and the first sealing port is connected to the third port of the mixing valve. The first sealing element can seal the first sealing port, and the second sealing element can seal the second sealing port. The distance between the first sealing element and the second sealing element is less than the distance between the first sealing port and the second sealing port.

[0006] As a further configuration, when the second sealing element seals the second sealing port, the first port, the second cavity, and the third port of the mixing valve are connected; when the first sealing element seals the first sealing port, the second port, the first cavity, the second sealing port, and the third port of the mixing valve are connected; when the second sealing element does not seal the second sealing port and the first sealing element does not seal the first sealing port, the first port, the second port, and the third port of the mixing valve are connected.

[0007] As a further configuration, one of the mixing valves has its first port facing upwards, while the other mixing valve has its first port facing downwards.

[0008] As a further configuration, the third port of the mixing valve is positioned downwards.

[0009] As a further feature, the second port of the mixing valve is positioned laterally to the right.

[0010] As a further feature, the valve housing includes a mounting base, and the motor is mounted on the mounting base via a mounting plate.

[0011] As a further feature, one end of the push rod seat is provided with a positioning part, and the mounting plate is provided with a limiting hole that matches the positioning part. The positioning part is inserted into the limiting hole, and the positioning part has a non-circular cross-section.

[0012] As a further configuration, the motor output drives the push rod to rotate, the push rod is threadedly connected to the push rod seat, one end of the push rod forms a tooth, the output end of the motor is a tooth wall that matches the tooth, and the tooth is at least partially inserted into the tooth wall.

[0013] As a further configuration, one mixing valve's first port is connected to a first heat source, another mixing valve's first port is connected to a water tank, and the third port of the mixing valve is connected to a heating device. When the first heat source replenishes heat to the water tank, the other mixing valve's first port is used as an outlet, and when the water tank provides heat to the heating device, the other mixing valve's first port is used as an inlet.

[0014] As a further feature, the push rod seat is provided with a sealing seat on the circumferential outer wall near both ends. By installing a sealing ring in the sealing seat, the two ends of the push rod seat are sealed to the inner wall of the valve body, and the outer wall of the push rod and the push rod seat are sealed by the sealing ring.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the mixing valve has two connected mixing valve first ports, has bidirectional heating function, is suitable for electric heating boilers, heat exchange stations and other scenarios, takes into account both installation convenience and functional diversity, and achieves integration and miniaturization. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1This is a perspective view of the mixing valve in an embodiment.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the mixing valve in an embodiment.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the push rod holder as an example.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the valve housing in an embodiment.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the mixing valve without the motor, as shown in the embodiment.

[0021] Figure 6 A perspective view of a mixing valve applied to an electric heating boiler, as an example.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the heating system in the embodiment of the simultaneous storage and supply mode.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a heating system in a single heat storage state, as illustrated in the example.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a heating system in a single heating state, as shown in the example.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the daytime water tank heating mode of the heating system as an example.

[0026] Reference numerals: 1. Heating element; 2. Solenoid valve; 3. Mixing valve; 31. First port of mixing valve; 32. Second port of mixing valve; 33. Third port of mixing valve; 34. Motor; 341. Mounting plate; 3411. Limiting hole; 342. Toothed wall; 35. Valve body; 351. First sealing port; 352. Mounting seat; 36. Push rod seat; 361. Channel; 362. Sealing seat; 363. Second sealing port; 364. Positioning part; 37. Push rod; 371. Second sealing element; 372. Toothed part; 373. First cavity; 38. Second cavity; 39. First circulation pump; 4. Flow switch; 5. First temperature sensor; 6. Second temperature sensor; 61. Third temperature sensor; 62. First interface; 63. Second interface; 64. Third interface; 65. Fourth interface; 66. Water tank; 7. First interface of water tank; 71. Second interface of water tank; 72. Second circulation pump; 8. Heating device; 9. Manifold; 91. Distributor; 912. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Reference Figures 1-5 As shown, a mixing valve includes a valve housing 35, a motor 34, a push rod seat 36, and a push rod 37. The motor 34 is mounted outside the valve housing 35, specifically on the front side of the valve housing 35. The valve housing 35 includes a mounting base 352, and the motor 34 is mounted on the mounting base 352 via a mounting plate 341.

[0029] The push rod seat 36 is fixedly installed inside the valve housing 35, as shown in the reference. Figure 3 The push rod seat 36 has a sealing seat 362 on its circumferential outer wall near both ends for installing sealing rings. By installing sealing rings in the sealing seat 362, the two ends of the push rod seat 36 are sealed to the inner wall of the valve housing 35. The outer wall of the push rod 37 is sealed to the push rod seat 36 by the sealing ring.

[0030] The output of the motor 34 drives the push rod 37 to rotate. The push rod 37 is threadedly connected to the push rod seat 36, and the outer wall of the push rod 37 is also sealed with a sealing ring to the push rod seat 36. One end of the push rod 37 forms a tooth 373, and the output end of the motor 34 is a toothed wall 342 that mates with the tooth 373. The tooth 373 is at least partially inserted into the toothed wall 342, meaning that the tooth 373 is at least partially inserted into the toothed wall 342 along its length. As the motor 34 is turned on, the tooth 373 will move in and out of the toothed wall 342 along its axial direction.

[0031] One end of the push rod seat 36 is provided with a positioning part 364, and the mounting plate 341 is provided with a limiting hole 3411 that matches the positioning part 364. The positioning part 364 is inserted into the limiting hole 3411, and the positioning part 364 has a non-circular cross section. The non-circular cross section positioning part 364 prevents the push rod seat 36 from rotating, and the push rod 37 can only move along a straight line.

[0032] The valve housing 35 includes a first port 31, a second port 32, and a third port 33 for a mixing valve. There are two first ports 31, which are connected through an internal flow channel within the valve housing 35. One first port 31 faces upwards as an inlet, while the other faces downwards, serving as either an outlet or inlet. The third port 33 faces downwards. The second port 32 is positioned laterally to the right.

[0033] The push rod 37 is equipped with a first seal 372 and a second seal 371. A first cavity 38 is formed between the valve housing 35 and the push rod seat 36. The second port 32 of the mixing valve is connected to the first cavity 38. The push rod seat 36 is provided with a channel 361 that connects to the first cavity 38. The push rod seat 36 includes a second sealing port 363, which is connected to the channel 361. That is, the second port 32 of the mixing valve is connected to the second sealing port 363. The second seal 371 can seal the second sealing port 363.

[0034] The valve housing 35 is provided with a second cavity 39 that connects to the first port 31 of the mixing valve. The valve housing 35 includes a first sealing port 351, that is, the first ports 31 of the two mixing valves are connected to the first sealing port 351. The first sealing element 372 can seal the first sealing port 351.

[0035] The distance between the first seal 372 and the second seal 371 is less than the distance between the first sealing port 351 and the second sealing port 363. That is, the first sealing port 351 and the second sealing port 363 cannot be sealed at the same time and can be unsealed at the same time.

[0036] The cavity of valve housing 35 located between the second sealing port 363 and the first sealing port 351 is connected to the third port 33 of the mixing valve. When the second sealing member 371 seals the second sealing port 363, the first port 31, the second cavity 39, and the third port 33 of the mixing valve are connected. When the first sealing member 372 seals the first sealing port 351, the second port 32, the first cavity 38, the second sealing port 363, and the third port 33 of the mixing valve are connected. When the second sealing member 371 does not seal the second sealing port 363 and the first sealing member 372 does not seal the first sealing port 351, the first port 31, the second port 32, and the third port 33 of the mixing valve are connected. There are several ways to adjust the mixing valve 3. It can be that the first port 31 of the mixing valve is closed and the second port 32 and the third port 33 of the mixing valve are connected; it can also be that the second port 32 of the mixing valve is closed and the first port 31 and the third port 33 of the mixing valve are connected; or it can be that the first port 31 and the second port 32 of the mixing valve are opened at the same time and both are connected to the third port 33 of the mixing valve.

[0037] The entire mixing valve has been integrated and miniaturized.

[0038] Will Figures 1-5 The mixing valve 3 shown is used in electric heating boilers. Figure 6 The image shown is of an electric heating furnace.

[0039] Reference Figures 7-10The product within the area defined by the dashed box is the electric heating furnace. The electric heating furnace includes a heating element 1, a solenoid valve 2, a mixing valve 3, a first circulation pump 4, a water flow switch 5, a first temperature sensor 6, a second temperature sensor 61, a third temperature sensor 62, a first interface 63, a second interface 64, a third interface 65, and a fourth interface 66. The heating element 1 is an electric heating wire.

[0040] The heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, mixing valve 3, and first circulation pump 4 are connected by pipelines. Specifically, the heating element 1 is connected to the inlet end of solenoid valve 2 and the outlet end of first circulation pump 4 on both sides (here and in the following mention, inlet and outlet refer to the direction of water flow; the inlet is where water flows in, and the outlet is where water flows out). The outlet end of solenoid valve 2 is connected to the first port 31 of mixing valve (here referring to...). Figure 1 The first port 31 of the mixing valve located at the top) and the second port 32 of the mixing valve are connected to the inlet of the first circulating pump 4.

[0041] The flow switch 5 is located in the pipeline between the outlet of the first circulating pump 4 and the heating element 1. When the flow switch 5 is closed, the flow channel it is in is open.

[0042] The first interface 63 connects the outlet of the solenoid valve 2 and the first port 31 of the mixing valve; the second interface 64 connects the third port 33 of the mixing valve; the third interface 65 connects the inlet of the first circulating pump 4 and the second port 32 of the mixing valve; and the fourth interface 66 connects the inlet of the first circulating pump 4. In fact, the first port 31 of the mixing valve located below shares the same port as the first interface 63, and the third port 33 of the mixing valve shares the same port as the second interface 64.

[0043] The first temperature sensor 6 is located in the pipeline between the outlet end of the solenoid valve 2 and the first interface 63. In fact, the first temperature sensor 6 is installed at the first port 31 of a mixing valve located at the lower end. The first temperature sensor 6 is used to monitor the temperature of the high-temperature water entering or flowing out of the water tank.

[0044] The second temperature sensor 61 is located in the pipeline between the third port 33 of the mixing valve and the second interface 64. In fact, the second temperature sensor 61 is installed at the third port 33 of the mixing valve and is used to monitor the water temperature entering the heating device 9.

[0045] The third temperature sensor 62 is located in the pipeline between the inlet of the first circulating pump 4 and the fourth interface 66. The third temperature sensor 62 is used to monitor the temperature of the low-temperature water entering or flowing out of the water tank (the low temperature here is relative to the high temperature monitored by the first temperature sensor 6, meaning that the water temperature monitored by the third temperature sensor 62 is lower than the water temperature monitored by the first temperature sensor 6).

[0046] By integrating the above components into a single enclosure to create an electric heating furnace, the entire system achieves integration and miniaturization.

[0047] Electric heating boilers are used in heating systems, refer to Figures 7-10 The heating system includes an electric heating boiler, a water tank 7, a second circulating pump 8, a heating device 9, and a manifold 91. The water tank 7 includes a first water tank interface 71 and a second water tank interface 72. The manifold 91 includes a distributor 911 and a collector 912. The heating device 9 is an underfloor heating system. The first water tank interface 71 is connected to a first interface 63, and the second water tank interface 72 is connected to a fourth interface 66. The inlet of the second circulating pump 8 is connected to the third port 33 of a mixing valve. The outlet of the second circulating pump 8 is connected to the inlet of the heating device 9 through the distributor 911. The outlet of the heating device 9 is connected to the third interface 65 through the collector 912.

[0048] One of the mixing valves, port 31 (i.e., the upper mixing valve port 31), is connected to the first heat source (this connection means that as long as the first heat source is put into use, the medium flowing through the first heat source will definitely pass through the upper mixing valve port 31). Here, the first heat source refers to the heating element 1. The other mixing valve port 31 (i.e., the lower mixing valve port 31) is connected to the water tank 7. The mixing valve port 33 is connected to the heating device 9. When the first heat source replenishes heat to the water tank 7, the other mixing valve port 31 is used as the outlet. When the water tank 7 provides heat to the heating device 9, the other mixing valve port 31 is used as the inlet.

[0049] The control methods for heating systems include a nighttime simultaneous supply and storage mode and a daytime water tank heating mode;

[0050] The nighttime supply and storage mode involves opening the heating element 1 and solenoid valve 2 during off-peak electricity hours at night, allowing water to flow through the heating element 1. This utilizes the low electricity prices at night for heating and heat storage. The power of the heating element 1 is adjusted according to the first temperature sensor 6, and the mixing valve 3 is adjusted according to the second temperature sensor 61.

[0051] The nighttime simultaneous supply and storage mode includes simultaneous storage and supply status, single thermal storage status, and single heating status.

[0052] Reference Figure 7 As shown, in the simultaneous storage and supply state, the heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, mixing valve 3, first circulation pump 4, and second circulation pump 8 are turned on, and the water flow switch 5 is closed. The heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, the first ports 31 of the two mixing valves, the first interface 71 of the water tank, the second interface 72 of the water tank, the fourth interface 66 of the water tank, and the first circulation pump 4 form the first circulation flow path, which is used to supply heat to the water tank 7. At this time, the first circulation flow path passes through the first ports 31 of the two mixing valves.

[0053] Heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, a mixing valve with first port 31 and third port 33 at the top, second circulation pump 8, water distributor 911, heating device 9, water collector 912, third interface 65, and first circulation pump 4 form a second circulation path, which is used to supply heat to heating device 9. At this time, the second circulation path passes through the mixing valve with first port 31 at the top.

[0054] The mixing valve 3 is adjusted according to the second temperature sensor 61 to control the water inflow at the second port 32 of the mixing valve. When the water temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 61 is too high, the second port 32 of the mixing valve opens, and part of the return water that flows back from the water collector 912 into the third interface 65 enters through the second port 32 of the mixing valve and mixes with the high-temperature water that enters from the first port 31 of the upper mixing valve. Since the temperature of the return water entering through the second port 32 of the mixing valve is lower than the temperature of the high-temperature water entering through the first port 31 of the upper mixing valve, the temperature of the water flowing out through the third port 33 of the mixing valve is reduced after the two are mixed. The outlet water temperature is between the high-temperature water entering through the first port 31 of the upper mixing valve and the return water entering through the second port 32 of the mixing valve.

[0055] Reference Figure 8 As shown, in the single heat storage state, it indicates that the room at the heat dissipation terminal has reached the required temperature, and the second circulation pump 8 is turned off (linked with the room thermostat), or although the second circulation pump 8 is working, the heating device 9 does not require heat input, i.e., the first sealing port 351 is closed. At this time, all the heat generated by the heating element 1 is used for heat storage in the water tank 7. In the single heat storage state, the heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, and first circulation pump 4 are turned on. The heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, the first ports 31 of the two mixing valves, the first interface 71 of the water tank, the second interface 72 of the water tank, the fourth interface 66, and the first circulation pump 4 form the first circulation flow path until the third temperature sensor 62 detects that the temperature has been reached and the heating element 1 stops heating. At this time, the first circulation flow path passes through the first ports 31 of the two mixing valves.

[0056] Reference Figure 9 As shown, in single heating mode, the water tank 7 has completed heat storage, and the water temperature monitored by the first temperature sensor 6 is equal to the water temperature monitored by the third temperature sensor 62. The water inlet and outlet of the water tank 7 are balanced, and all the heat generated by the heating element 1 is used for the heating device 9. The heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, and second circulation pump 8 are turned on. The heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, the first port 31 of the mixing valve above, the third port 33 of the mixing valve, the second circulation pump 8, the water distributor 911, the heating device 9, the water collector 912, the third interface 65, and the first circulation pump 4 form a second circulation flow path. The mixing valve 3 is adjusted according to the second temperature sensor 61 to control the water inlet flow of the second port 32 of the mixing valve. At this time, the second circulation flow path passes through the first port 31 of the mixing valve located above.

[0057] Reference Figure 10 As shown, in the daytime water tank heating mode, electricity prices are relatively higher during the day than at night, so the water tank 7, which stores heat at night, is used to heat the heating device 9. The heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, and first circulation pump 4 are closed, while the second circulation pump 8 is open. The high-temperature water from the water tank 7 circulates through the first interface 71 of the water tank, the first port 31 of a mixing valve below, the third port 33 of the mixing valve, the second circulation pump 8, the distributor 911, the heating device 9, the collector 912, the third interface 65, the fourth interface 66, and the second interface 72 of the water tank. The mixing valve 3 is adjusted according to the second temperature sensor 61 to control the water inflow to the second port 32 of the mixing valve. In the daytime water tank heating mode, when the first temperature sensor 6 detects that the water temperature is lower than the set value, the heating element 1, solenoid valve 2, and first circulation pump 4 are turned on. In the daytime water tank heating mode, the first port 31 of the mixing valve below serves as the water inlet; in other modes, it serves as the water outlet, giving the outlet valve in this embodiment a bidirectional heating function.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mixing valve, characterized by The valve housing (35) includes a water mixing valve first port (31), a water mixing valve second port (32), and a water mixing valve third port (33). The water mixing valve first port (31) is two in number and is communicated through an internal flow channel of the valve housing (35), one of which is used as a water inlet port, and the other is used as a water outlet port or a water inlet port switching port. The motor (34) is installed outside the valve housing (35). The push rod seat (36) is fixedly installed inside the valve housing (35). The motor (34) drives the push rod (37) to move along the push rod seat (36). The push rod (37) is provided with a first sealing element (372) and a second sealing element (371). The valve housing (35) and the push rod seat (36) form a first cavity (38). The water mixing valve second port (32) communicates with the first cavity (38). The push rod seat (36) is provided with a channel (361) communicating with the first cavity (38). The push rod seat (36) includes a second sealing port (363) communicating with the channel (361). The valve housing (35) is provided with a second cavity (39) communicating with the water mixing valve first port (31). The valve housing (35) includes a first sealing port (351) communicating with the second cavity (39). The cavity between the second sealing port (363) and the first sealing port (351) of the valve housing (35) communicates with the water mixing valve third port (33). The first sealing element (372) can seal the first sealing port (351). The second sealing element (371) can seal the second sealing port (363). The distance between the first sealing element (372) and the second sealing element (371) is less than the distance between the first sealing port (351) and the second sealing port (363).

2. A mixing valve according to claim 1, wherein When the second sealing element (371) seals the second sealing port (363), the water mixing valve first port (31), the second cavity (39), and the water mixing valve third port (33) are communicated. When the first sealing element (372) seals the first sealing port (351), the water mixing valve second port (32), the first cavity (38), the second sealing port (363), and the water mixing valve third port (33) are communicated. When the second sealing element (371) does not seal the second sealing port (363) and the first sealing element (372) does not seal the first sealing port (351), the water mixing valve first port (31), the water mixing valve second port (32), and the water mixing valve third port (33) are communicated.

3. The mixing valve of claim 1, wherein One of the water mixing valve first ports (31) is arranged upward, and the other is arranged downward.

4. The mixing valve of claim 1, wherein The water mixing valve third port (33) is arranged downward.

5. The mixing valve of claim 1, wherein The water mixing valve second port (32) is arranged horizontally to the right.

6. The mixing valve of claim 1, wherein The valve shell (35) comprises a mounting seat (352), and the motor (34) is mounted on the mounting seat (352) through a mounting plate (341).

7. A mixing valve according to claim 6, wherein One end of the push rod seat (36) is provided with a positioning portion (364), the mounting plate (341) is provided with a limiting hole (3411) matched with the positioning portion (364), the positioning portion (364) is inserted into the limiting hole (3411), and the positioning portion (364) is of a non-circular cross section.

8. The mixing valve of claim 1, wherein The motor (34) outputs to drive the push rod (37) to rotate, the push rod (37) is in threaded connection with the push rod seat (36), one end of the push rod (37) is formed with a tooth portion (373), and an output end of the motor (34) is a tooth wall (342) matched with the tooth portion (373); and the tooth portion (373) is at least partially inserted into the tooth wall (342).

9. The mixing valve of claim 1, wherein One of the water mixing valves is provided with a first port (31) communicated with a first heat source and another first port (31) communicated with the water tank (7), and a third port (33) of the water mixing valve is communicated with the heating device (9); when the first heat source supplements heat for the water tank (7), the other first port (31) of the water mixing valve is used as a water outlet; and when the water tank (7) provides heat for the heating device (9), the other first port (31) of the water mixing valve is used as a water inlet.

10. The mixing valve of claim 1, wherein The circumferential outer wall of the push rod seat (36) near two ends is provided with a sealing seat (362), a sealing ring is mounted in the sealing seat (362) to seal the two ends of the push rod seat (36) and the inner wall of the valve shell (35), and the outer wall of the push rod (37) and the push rod seat (36) are sealed through a sealing ring.

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