Portable spectrum analyzer based on grating diffraction principle

Abstract

The invention provides a portable spectrum analyzer based on a grating diffraction principle, and relates to the field of spectrum analyzers. The portable spectrum analyzer based on the grating diffraction principle comprises a supporting structure, a handle is fixedly connected to the position, close to the rear side, of the center of the lower end face of a main body, a control button is arranged at the position, close to the upper end, of the center of the front side wall of the handle, and the supporting structure is arranged at the position, close to the front side edge, of the center of the lower end face of the main body. All optical, mechanical and electronic components are highly integrated in a compact sealed shell by adopting an integrated optical machine design and an image plane diffraction optical path, a complicated movable adjusting mechanism of a traditional spectrometer is abandoned, the size is small, the weight is light, handheld or portable handheld operation is truly realized, and the cost is low. Through the blazed grating, the aspherical lens and the high-sensitivity image sensor which are optimally designed, the wide spectral range, the high optical resolution and the low stray light level which are comparable with those of a traditional table type spectrograph are achieved in a compact structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spectrometer technology, specifically a portable spectrometer based on the principle of grating diffraction. Background Technology

[0002] As a key instrument for material composition analysis, color measurement, and optical property characterization, the application of spectrometers has penetrated into various fields such as environmental monitoring, food safety, biomedicine, industrial process control, and scientific research. Traditional benchtop spectrometers, especially those based on classic optical path structures such as Czerny-Turner, usually rely on the precise spatial arrangement of discrete optical elements and are equipped with complex mechanical adjustment mechanisms to ensure optical path alignment. Although these instruments can achieve high resolution and wide spectral coverage, their large size, high manufacturing cost, and stringent requirements for experimental stability severely limit their application in scenarios such as rapid on-site detection, outdoor surveying, and embedded online analysis.

[0003] To meet the demand for portability, existing technologies have mainly developed two types of solutions: The first type is based on the technology route of miniature fiber optic spectrometers, which adopts a cross-type Czerny-Turner or compact symmetrical optical path to achieve overall miniaturization by reducing the size of components. However, the optical path structure of such instruments is still relatively complex, requiring extremely high assembly precision, and even slight deformation or displacement of the miniature mirrors and gratings can easily lead to performance degradation. They also suffer from insufficient long-term environmental stability, making it difficult to work reliably in industrial environments or field settings with drastic vibrations and temperature and humidity changes. The second type is based on the technology route of linear graded filters or microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gratings, which are integrated through semiconductor processes and are extremely small in size. However, the former suffers from the problem of mutual constraints between spectral resolution and light transmission, resulting in relatively low optical efficiency; the latter, limited by manufacturing difficulty and cost, performs poorly in the ultraviolet or long-wave infrared bands and typically has a limited dynamic range.

[0004] Most existing portable spectrometers simply integrate optical engines and electronic systems physically, lacking a systematic design. Common problems include: 1) Optical platforms are often assembled from multiple parts, which are prone to micro-deformation due to stress and temperature changes over long-term use, leading to wavelength drift; 2) Core dispersive elements such as gratings lack effective active thermal management, and changes in ambient temperature directly cause changes in diffraction angles, affecting measurement repeatability; 3) Limited data processing capabilities, typically functioning only as a "spectral acquisition head" relying on a host computer for complex analysis, failing to achieve true intelligence and independent operation. Furthermore, existing portable spectrometers cannot be properly placed and supported during use. Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided a portable spectrometer based on the principle of grating diffraction to address the problems mentioned in the background. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a portable spectrometer based on the principle of grating diffraction, which solves the problems of existing spectrometers being susceptible to temperature and stress changes, lacking effective active heating, and being unable to be properly placed and supported during use.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a portable spectrometer based on the principle of grating diffraction, including a support structure, a handle is fixedly connected to the rear side of the lower end face of the main body, a control button is provided at the upper end of the center of the front side wall of the handle, and a support structure is provided at the front edge of the lower end face of the main body.

[0009] The supporting structure includes a storage slot located at the center of the lower end face of the main body near the front edge. A connecting seat is slidably connected inside the storage slot. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the upper center of each of the two side walls of the connecting seat. Sliding grooves are provided at the center of the lower end face of the connecting seat near both side edges. Sliding plates are slidably connected inside each of the two sliding grooves. One end of each sliding plate passes through an inner side wall of one of the two sliding grooves and leads to the outside. Movable plates are fixedly connected to the center of the lower end face of each of the two sliding plates near one side edge. A section is provided on the lower end face of the connecting seat near the two movable plates. Two fixed blocks are fixedly connected to each other. A connecting rod is fixedly connected to the center of one side wall of each of the two fixed blocks. One end of each connecting rod passes through the side wall of each of the two movable plates and leads to the other side. A limit block is fixedly connected to each end of the connecting rod. A spring is sleeved on the side wall of each connecting rod located between the two fixed blocks and the two movable plates. The two ends of each spring are fixedly connected to one side wall of each of the two fixed blocks and one side wall of each of the two movable plates. A telescopic support rod is fixedly connected to the center of the rear side wall of the connecting seat. Support feet are hinged to the centers of the upper and lower end faces of the telescopic support rod.

[0010] The analysis system of a portable spectrometer based on the principle of grating diffraction includes: an incident interface and collimation module, a diffraction and spectral dispersion core module, a focusing and imaging module, a spectral detection and acquisition module, a main control and data processing module, an integrated support and temperature control module, and a power supply and communication interface module; the integrated support and temperature control module includes an integral optical platform made of a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and the incident interface and collimation module, the diffraction and spectral dispersion core module, and the focusing and imaging module are all rigidly fixed on this platform.

[0011] Preferably, the incident interface and collimation module include:

[0012] Interchangeable interface components are designed with a standardized mechanical snap-fit ​​or threaded interface base. Compatible components include standard slit components, fiber optic interface components, and direct detection windows. The standard slit component is used for direct measurement of divergent light or high luminous flux scenarios. The slit width can be physically replaced according to resolution requirements, and the slit height can be designed to be fixed or adjustable. The fiber optic interface component is a standard SMA905 or FC / PC fiber optic connector for connecting to external fiber optic probes. The direct detection window is an open structure with a protective window for measuring large targets or close-range samples.

[0013] To collect as much light signal as possible, the high numerical aperture collimating lens group adopts a large aperture lens design, using at least one glass-molded aspherical lens combined with a low dispersion spherical lens to form a doublet lens group.

[0014] Preferably, the diffraction and spectral dispersion core module includes an image plane diffraction grating, a high thermal conductivity precision substrate, and a rigid mounting structure. The image plane diffraction grating is a planar blazed grating made by mechanical engraving or holographic recording-ion beam etching technology. The blazed wavelength is optimized according to the core application band, and the grating constant is precisely calculated according to the target resolution and spectral range.

[0015] The high thermal conductivity precision substrate does not directly glue the grating, but instead bonds it to a high thermal conductivity metal substrate through a low-stress, high thermal conductivity metallization layer. The back of the substrate is precisely polished to ensure close contact with the temperature control module.

[0016] The rigid mounting structure secures the substrate to the corresponding mounting surface of the integrated optical platform with multiple screws of micron-level precision and a defined preload.

[0017] Preferably, the focusing imaging module includes at least one aspherical lens.

[0018] Preferably, the spectral detection and acquisition module includes:

[0019] Image sensors are selected from high-performance back-illuminated CMOS linear array sensors or scientific-grade area array sensors.

[0020] The precision positioning mechanism has the detector mounted on a three-dimensional fine-tuning frame. This frame is used to precisely adjust the relative position of the detector and the optical focal plane during system assembly. After adjustment, it is locked with UV-curing adhesive or positioning screws to ensure long-term stability.

[0021] The acquisition circuit employs a low-noise, multi-layer PCB design with strict isolation between analog and digital power supplies. It includes a bias voltage and clock drive that provide ultra-low noise and high stability for the sensor; a high-performance analog-to-digital converter with at least 16-bit resolution; a correlated double sampling or digital CDS circuit to significantly reduce readout noise; and a thermoelectric cooler drive circuit to cool the sensor and reduce dark current.

[0022] Preferably, the main control and data processing module includes:

[0023] The embedded hardware adopts an architecture of FPGA + multi-core ARM processor. The FPGA is responsible for high-speed, deterministic sensor timing control, raw data acquisition and preprocessing.

[0024] Embedded spectral algorithm library: Wavelength calibration: Utilizing the characteristic peaks of the built-in mercury argon lamp or rare-earth-doped glass, high-order polynomial fitting is performed to establish a pixel-wavelength mapping relationship and store calibration coefficients; Radiometric calibration: By scanning standard halogen tungsten lamp light sources and diffuse white spot data, the relative radiative response function of the system at each wavelength point is calculated; Real-time processing: Each spectral acquisition cycle automatically performs dark background subtraction, flat-field correction, wavelength interpolation, and radiometric correction; Advanced analysis: Integrates chemometric algorithms for establishing qualitative or quantitative analysis models;

[0025] Self-diagnosis and calibration: The system can be set to trigger a self-test process periodically or according to temperature changes, automatically switch to the built-in calibration light source, check wavelength drift and intensity stability, and prompt the user or automatically update calibration parameters when necessary.

[0026] Preferably, the integrated support and temperature control module includes:

[0027] The integrated optical platform, made of microcrystalline glass or ultra-low expansion titanium alloy, is machined and ground by precision CNC machining to create the mounting surfaces, reference surfaces and wiring channels of all optical components on a single blank.

[0028] Closed-loop active temperature control; temperature sensitive point: the temperature sensor is directly installed near the grating substrate and detector; actuator: a multi-layer stacked Peltier thermoelectric cooler is used, with its cold side in large-area contact with the grating substrate through thermally conductive silicone grease, and its hot side connected to the heat dissipation fins of the instrument shell through a high thermal conductivity heat spreader; control strategy: the MCU on the main control board runs an incremental PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the magnitude and direction of the TEC current according to the set temperature and ambient temperature;

[0029] For sealing and shielding, the entire optical engine is encapsulated in a metal cavity with a rubber sealing ring, filled with dry nitrogen or placed with a desiccant. The cavity itself forms a Faraday cage, effectively shielding against external electromagnetic interference.

[0030] Preferably, the power supply and communication interface module includes:

[0031] Intelligent power management uses a high-energy-density lithium polymer battery pack and is equipped with a battery management chip to achieve overcharge, over-discharge, short-circuit protection and power metering.

[0032] Multiple low-dropout linear regulators and switching power supplies provide quiet power to optical, analog, and digital circuits, minimizing crosstalk.

[0033] With dynamic power consumption management, the system has multiple modes such as hibernation, standby, measurement, and data processing. The processor and sensor clocks can be dynamically adjusted as needed, greatly extending the usage time on a single charge.

[0034] Multi-mode communication, high-speed wireless, integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0 modules, used for high-speed transmission of spectral data and reception of control commands with smartphones, tablets or the cloud;

[0035] Reliable wired connection, retaining USB and Type-C interfaces, and supporting OTG functionality for high-speed data download, firmware upgrades, and external power supply.

[0036] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0037] This invention provides a portable spectrometer based on the principle of grating diffraction. It has the following advantages:

[0038] 1. In this invention, by setting up a support structure, two movable plates are manually squeezed during use. The two movable plates drive two springs to extend and slide onto the side walls of two connecting rods. During the movement of the two movable plates, two sliding plates are driven to slide onto the inside of two sliding grooves, so that the side walls of the two sliding plates release the support of the side walls of the storage groove. The connecting seat can slide inside the storage groove and can rotate inside the storage groove with the help of two rotating shafts. After rotating 90 degrees, the telescopic support rod is extended. With the help of two support feet, the contact area with the placement surface can be increased, which can ensure the stability of the whole when placed vertically.

[0039] 2. In this invention, by adopting an integrated optomechanical design and an image plane diffraction optical path, all optical, mechanical, and electronic components are highly integrated into a compact sealed housing, eliminating the complex movable adjustment mechanism of traditional spectrometers. It is small in size and light in weight, and truly realizes handheld or portable operation.

[0040] 3. In this invention, through optimized design of blazed gratings, aspherical lenses, and high-sensitivity image sensors, a wide spectral range, high optical resolution, and low stray light level comparable to traditional benchtop spectrometers are achieved within a compact structure.

[0041] 4. In this invention, by using a built-in embedded processor and intelligent algorithms, calibration, measurement, analysis and result output can be completed automatically, and it can be connected to a smart terminal wirelessly, which greatly improves the convenience and efficiency of on-site testing. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the connection between the telescopic support rod and the connecting seat in this invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the detection system in this invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the incident interface and collimation module in this invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the core module for diffraction and spectroscopy in this invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the spectral detection and acquisition module in this invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the main control and data processing modules in this invention;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated support and temperature control module in this invention.

[0051] The components include: 1. Main body; 2. Support structure; 201. Support foot; 202. Telescopic support rod; 203. Storage slot; 204. Movable plate; 205. Fixing block; 206. Spring; 207. Connecting rod; 208. Limiting block; 209. Rotating shaft; 210. Connecting seat; 211. Slide plate; 212. Slide groove; 3. Control button; 4. Handle. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Example 1:

[0054] like Figure 1-9 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a portable spectrometer based on the principle of grating diffraction, including a support structure 2, a handle 4 fixedly connected to the rear side of the lower end face of the main body 1, a control button 3 located at the upper end of the center of the front side wall of the handle 4, and a support structure 2 located at the front edge of the center of the lower end face of the main body 1.

[0055] Support structure 2 includes a storage groove 203, which is located at the front edge of the center of the lower end face of the main body 1. A connecting seat 210 is slidably connected inside the storage groove 203. A rotating shaft 209 is fixedly connected to the upper center of each of the two side walls of the connecting seat 210. Sliding grooves 212 are respectively provided at the two side edges of the center of the lower end face of the connecting seat 210. Sliding plates 211 are slidably connected inside each of the two sliding grooves 212. One end of each sliding plate 211 passes through an inner side wall of one of the two sliding grooves 212 and leads to the outside. Movable plates 204 are fixedly connected to the center of the lower end face of each sliding plate 211 near one side edge. Fixing blocks 205 are fixedly connected to the lower end face of the connecting seat 210 near the two movable plates 204. Connecting rods 207 are fixedly connected to the center of one side wall of each of the two fixing blocks 205. One end of each connecting rod 207 passes through the side wall of the two movable plates 204 and leads to the other side, with limiting blocks 208 fixedly connected to each end. The two connecting rods 207 are located between the two fixing blocks 205 and the two movable plates 204. Springs 206 are respectively fitted on the wall. The two ends of the two springs 206 are fixedly connected to one side wall of the two fixed blocks 205 and one side wall of the two movable plates 204. A telescopic support rod 202 is fixedly connected to the center of the rear side wall of the connecting seat 210. Support feet 201 are hinged to the centers of the upper and lower end faces of the telescopic support rod 202. By manually squeezing the two movable plates 204, the two movable plates 204 drive the two springs 206 to lengthen and slide to the side walls of the two connecting rods 207. During the movement of the moving plate 204, the two sliding plates 211 are slidably connected to the inside of the two sliding grooves 212, so that the side walls of the two sliding plates 211 release the support of the side walls of the storage groove 203. The connecting seat 210 can slide inside the storage groove 203 and can rotate inside the storage groove 203 with the help of the two rotating shafts 209. After rotating 90 degrees, the telescopic support rod 202 is extended. With the help of the two support feet 201, the contact area with the placement surface can be increased, which can ensure the stability of the whole when placed vertically.

[0056] The analysis system of the portable spectrometer based on the principle of grating diffraction includes: an incident interface and collimation module, a diffraction and spectral dispersion core module, a focusing and imaging module, a spectral detection and acquisition module, a main control and data processing module, an integrated support and temperature control module, and a power supply and communication interface module; the integrated support and temperature control module includes an integral optical platform made of a material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, on which the incident interface and collimation module, the diffraction and spectral dispersion core module, and the focusing and imaging module are all rigidly fixed.

[0057] The incident interface and collimation module include:

[0058] Interchangeable interface components are designed with a standardized mechanical snap-fit ​​or threaded interface base. Compatible components include standard slit components, fiber optic interface components, and direct detection windows. The standard slit component is used for direct measurement of divergent light or high luminous flux scenarios. The slit width can be physically replaced according to resolution requirements, and the slit height can be designed to be fixed or adjustable. The fiber optic interface component is a standard SMA905 or FC / PC fiber optic connector for connecting to external fiber optic probes. The direct detection window is an open structure with a protective window for measuring large targets or close-range samples.

[0059] To collect as much light signal as possible, the high numerical aperture collimating lens group adopts a large aperture lens design, using at least one glass-molded aspherical lens combined with a low dispersion spherical lens to form a doublet lens group.

[0060] The core module of diffraction and spectroscopy includes an image plane diffraction grating, a high thermal conductivity precision substrate, and a rigid mounting structure. The image plane diffraction grating is a planar blazed grating made by mechanical engraving or holographic recording-ion beam etching technology. The blazed wavelength is optimized according to the core application band, and the grating constant is precisely calculated according to the target resolution and spectral range.

[0061] The high thermal conductivity precision substrate does not directly glue the grating, but instead bonds it to a high thermal conductivity metal substrate through a low-stress, high thermal conductivity metallization layer. The back of the substrate is precisely polished to ensure close contact with the temperature control module.

[0062] The rigid mounting structure secures the substrate to the corresponding mounting surface of the integrated optical platform with multiple screws of micron-level precision and a defined preload.

[0063] The focusing imaging module contains at least one aspherical lens.

[0064] The spectral detection and acquisition module includes:

[0065] Image sensors are selected from high-performance back-illuminated CMOS linear array sensors or scientific-grade area array sensors.

[0066] The precision positioning mechanism has the detector mounted on a three-dimensional fine-tuning frame. This frame is used to precisely adjust the relative position of the detector and the optical focal plane during system assembly. After adjustment, it is locked with UV-curing adhesive or positioning screws to ensure long-term stability.

[0067] The acquisition circuit employs a low-noise, multi-layer PCB design with strict isolation between analog and digital power supplies. It includes a bias voltage and clock drive that provide ultra-low noise and high stability for the sensor; a high-performance analog-to-digital converter with at least 16-bit resolution; a correlated double sampling or digital CDS circuit to significantly reduce readout noise; and a thermoelectric cooler drive circuit to cool the sensor and reduce dark current.

[0068] The main control and data processing module includes:

[0069] The embedded hardware adopts an architecture of FPGA + multi-core ARM processor. The FPGA is responsible for high-speed, deterministic sensor timing control, raw data acquisition and preprocessing.

[0070] Embedded spectral algorithm library: Wavelength calibration: Utilizing the characteristic peaks of rare-earth-doped glass from the built-in mercury-argon lamp, high-order polynomial fitting is performed to establish a pixel-wavelength mapping relationship and store calibration coefficients; Radiometric calibration: By scanning standard halogen tungsten lamp light sources and diffuse white spot data, the relative radiative response function of the system at each wavelength point is calculated; Real-time processing: During each spectral acquisition cycle, dark background subtraction, flat-field correction, wavelength interpolation, and radiometric correction are automatically performed; Advanced analysis: Integrated chemometric algorithms are used to establish qualitative or quantitative analysis models.

[0071] Self-diagnosis and calibration: The system can be set to trigger a self-test process periodically or according to temperature changes, automatically switch to the built-in calibration light source, check wavelength drift and intensity stability, and prompt the user or automatically update calibration parameters when necessary.

[0072] The integrated support and temperature control module includes:

[0073] The integrated optical platform, made of microcrystalline glass or ultra-low expansion titanium alloy, is machined and ground by precision CNC machining to create the mounting surfaces, reference surfaces and wiring channels of all optical components on a single blank.

[0074] Closed-loop active temperature control; temperature sensitive point: the temperature sensor is directly installed near the grating substrate and detector; actuator: a multi-layer stacked Peltier thermoelectric cooler is used, with its cold side in large-area contact with the grating substrate through thermally conductive silicone grease, and its hot side connected to the heat dissipation fins of the instrument shell through a high thermal conductivity heat spreader; control strategy: the MCU on the main control board runs an incremental PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the magnitude and direction of the TEC current according to the set temperature and ambient temperature;

[0075] For sealing and shielding, the entire optical engine is encapsulated in a metal cavity with a rubber sealing ring, filled with dry nitrogen or placed with a desiccant. The cavity itself forms a Faraday cage, effectively shielding against external electromagnetic interference.

[0076] The power supply and communication interface module includes:

[0077] Intelligent power management uses a high-energy-density lithium polymer battery pack and is equipped with a battery management chip to achieve overcharge, over-discharge, short-circuit protection and power metering.

[0078] Multiple low-dropout linear regulators and switching power supplies provide quiet power to optical, analog, and digital circuits, minimizing crosstalk.

[0079] With dynamic power consumption management, the system has multiple modes such as hibernation, standby, measurement, and data processing. The processor and sensor clocks can be dynamically adjusted as needed, greatly extending the usage time on a single charge.

[0080] Multi-mode communication, high-speed wireless, integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0 modules, used for high-speed transmission of spectral data and reception of control commands with smartphones, tablets or the cloud;

[0081] Reliable wired connection, retaining USB and Type-C interfaces, and supporting OTG functionality for high-speed data download, firmware upgrades, and external power supply.

[0082] Working Principle: This application relates to a portable spectrometer based on the principle of grating diffraction. In use, by manually squeezing two movable plates 204, two springs 206 are stretched and slidably connected to the side walls of two connecting rods 207. During the movement of the two movable plates 204, two sliding plates 211 are slidably connected to the inside of two sliding grooves 212, thus releasing the side walls of the sliding plates 211 from supporting the side walls of the storage groove 203. The connecting seat 210 can slide inside the storage groove 203, and can rotate inside the storage groove 203 with the help of two rotating shafts 209. After rotating 90 degrees, the telescopic support rod 202 is extended, and the two support feet 201 increase the contact area with the placement surface, ensuring... To ensure overall stability when placed vertically, an integrated optomechanical design and image plane diffraction optical path are adopted, highly integrating all optical, mechanical, and electronic components into a compact sealed housing. This eliminates the complex movable adjustment mechanism of traditional spectrometers, resulting in a small size and light weight, truly enabling handheld or portable operation. Through optimized design of blazed gratings, aspherical lenses, and high-sensitivity image sensors, a wide spectral range, high optical resolution, and low stray light level comparable to traditional benchtop spectrometers are achieved within a compact structure.

[0083] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. Portable spectrometer based on the principle of diffraction of gratings, comprising a support structure (2), characterized in that: The lower end face center rear side of the main body (1) is fixedly connected with a handle (4), a control button (3) is arranged on the upper end of the center of the front side wall of the handle (4), and a supporting structure (2) is arranged on the lower end face center front side edge of the main body (1); The supporting structure (2) comprises a receiving groove (203) arranged on the lower end face center front side edge of the main body (1), a connecting seat (210) movably connected in the receiving groove (203), two rotating shafts (209) fixedly connected to the upper ends of the two side walls of the connecting seat (210), two sliding grooves (212) arranged on the lower end face center of the connecting seat (210), two sliding plates (211) movably connected in the two sliding grooves (212), two movable plates (204) fixedly connected to the lower end face center of one side edge of the two sliding plates (211), two fixed blocks (205) fixedly connected to the lower end face of the connecting seat (210) near one side of the two movable plates (204), two connecting rods (207) fixedly connected to the center of one side wall of the two fixed blocks (205), two limit blocks (208) fixedly connected to the ends of the two connecting rods (207), two springs (206) sleeved on the side walls of the two connecting rods (207) between the two fixed blocks (205) and the two movable plates (204), and two supporting legs (201) hingedly connected to the upper and lower end faces of the rear side of the telescopic supporting rod (202).

2. The analysis system of a portable optical spectrum analyzer based on the principle of grating diffraction, characterized in that: Comprise: The incident interface and collimation module, the diffraction light splitting core module, the focusing imaging module, the spectral detection and acquisition module, the main control and data processing module, the integrated support and temperature control module, and the power supply and communication interface module; the integrated support and temperature control module comprises an integral optical platform made of a low thermal expansion coefficient material, and the incident interface and collimation module, the diffraction light splitting core module, and the focusing imaging module are rigidly fixed on the platform.

3. The analysis system of a portable optical spectrum analyzer based on the principle of grating diffraction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The incident interface and collimation module comprises: The interchangeable interface assembly is designed with a standardized mechanical snap or threaded interface base, and the adaptable components include a standard slit assembly, a fiber interface assembly, and a direct probe window, wherein the standard slit assembly is used for direct measurement of divergent light or high light flux scenes, the slit width can be physically replaced according to the resolution requirement, and the slit height can be designed to be fixed or adjustable; the fiber interface assembly is a standard SMA905 or FC / PC fiber joint, which is used for connection with an external fiber probe, and the direct probe window is an open structure with a protective window, which is used for measurement of large targets or close-range samples; The high numerical aperture collimating lens group is designed with a large aperture lens, at least one glass molded aspheric lens, and one low dispersion spherical lens to form a doublet lens group.

4. The analysis system of a portable optical spectrum analyzer based on the principle of grating diffraction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diffraction light splitting core module includes an image plane diffraction grating, a high-thermal-conductivity precision base, and a rigid mounting structure, wherein the image plane diffraction grating is a plane blazed grating made by mechanical engraving or holographic recording-ion beam etching technology, the blazed wavelength is optimized according to the core application waveband, and the grating constant is precisely calculated according to the target resolution and spectral range. The high-thermal-conductivity precision base is not directly glued, but is bonded to a high-thermal-conductivity metal base through a low-stress, high-thermal-conductivity metallization layer, and the back of the base is precisely polished to ensure close contact with the temperature control module. The rigid mounting structure is fixed to the corresponding mounting surface of the integrated optical platform by a plurality of micron-precision screws with a determined pre-tightening force.

5. The analysis system of a portable optical spectrum analyzer based on the principle of grating diffraction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The focusing imaging module includes at least one aspheric lens.

6. The analysis system of a portable optical spectrum analyzer based on the principle of grating diffraction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spectral detection and acquisition module includes: An image sensor, a high-performance back-illuminated CMOS linear array sensor or a scientific-grade area array sensor is selected; A precision positioning mechanism, the detector is installed on a three-dimensional fine adjustment frame, which is used to accurately adjust the relative position of the detector and the optical focal plane during system assembly, and is locked by ultraviolet curing glue or positioning screws after adjustment to ensure long-term stability; An acquisition circuit, the circuit board is designed with low noise and multiple layers of PCB, the analog and digital power supplies are strictly isolated, and the circuit includes a bias voltage and a clock drive for the sensor, a high-performance analog-to-digital converter with at least 16-bit resolution, a correlated double sampling or digital CDS circuit to significantly reduce readout noise, and a thermoelectric cooler driving circuit for cooling the sensor to reduce dark current.

7. The analysis system of a portable optical spectrum analyzer based on the principle of grating diffraction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main control and data processing module includes: An embedded hardware, an FPGA + multi-core ARM processor architecture is adopted, the FPGA is responsible for high-speed and deterministic sensor timing control, raw data acquisition and preprocessing; Embedded spectral algorithm library, wavelength calibration: use the characteristic peaks of built-in mercury argon lamp or rare earth doped glass to perform high-order polynomial fitting to establish pixel-wavelength mapping relationship and store calibration coefficients; radiance calibration: scan standard halogen tungsten lamp source and diffuse white spot data to calculate the relative radiance response function of the system at each wavelength point; real-time processing: automatically perform dark background subtraction, flat field correction, wavelength interpolation and radiance correction in each spectral acquisition cycle; advanced analysis: integrate chemometric algorithms to establish pattern or quantitative analysis models; Self-diagnosis and calibration, the system can be set to trigger self-checking process periodically or according to temperature change, automatically switch to built-in calibration light source, check wavelength drift and intensity stability, and prompt user or automatically update calibration parameters when necessary.

8. The analysis system of a portable optical spectrum analyzer based on the principle of grating diffraction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The integrated support and temperature control module comprises: Monolithic optical platform, using microcrystalline glass or ultra-low expansion titanium alloy, all optical element mounting surfaces, reference surfaces and wiring grooves are machined on a whole blank through precise CNC machining and grinding; Closed-loop active temperature control, temperature sensitive points: temperature sensors are directly installed near the grating substrate and the detector; actuator: a multi-layer stacked peltier thermoelectric cooler is used, the cold face of which is in large-area contact with the grating substrate through heat-conducting silicone grease, and the hot face is connected with the heat dissipation fins of the instrument shell through a high-thermal-conductivity heat sink; control strategy: the MCU on the main control board runs an incremental PID control algorithm to dynamically adjust the current size and direction of the TEC according to the set temperature and the environment temperature; Sealing and shielding, the entire optical engine is packaged in a metal cavity with a rubber sealing ring, filled with dry nitrogen or placed with a desiccant, and the cavity itself constitutes a Faraday cage to effectively shield external electromagnetic interference.

9. The analysis system of a portable optical spectrum analyzer based on the principle of grating diffraction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power supply and communication interface module comprises: Intelligent power management, using high-energy-density lithium polymer batteries and equipped with a battery management chip to realize overcharge, overdischarge, short-circuit protection and power measurement; Multiple low-dropout linear regulators and switching power supplies provide clean power for optical, analog and digital circuits, minimizing crosstalk; Power consumption dynamic management, the system has multiple modes such as sleep, standby, measurement and data processing, and the processor and sensor clock can be dynamically adjusted as needed to greatly extend the single-charge usage time; Multi-mode communication, high-speed wireless, integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0 modules for high-speed transmission of spectral data and reception of control instructions with smartphones, tablets or the cloud; Reliable wired, USB and Type-C interfaces are retained, supporting OTG function for high-speed data download, firmware upgrade and external power supply.

Images