Goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform and method, and relates to the field of mine safety and disaster prevention. The verification platform comprises an experiment box body, a variable-angle supporting mechanism, a multi-medium injection system, a sensing monitoring system and a central control cabinet, wherein a heterogeneous porosity goaf is arranged in the experiment box body. The variable-angle supporting mechanism can drive the box body to rotate so as to simulate different inclination angles. The multi-medium injection system can inject gas to simulate disasters and inject media such as liquid nitrogen, inert gas and foam for prevention and treatment through multiple ports such as top, side wall, bottom and working face drag pipes. The sensing monitoring system monitors a temperature field, a concentration field and a pressure field in real time. The method comprises the steps of model preparation, environment initialization, disaster simulation, prevention and control medium injection and effect evaluation on a verification platform. According to the method, goaf multi-field coupling disasters can be reproduced in a high-simulation mode, the effectiveness of various prevention and control measures is quantitatively verified, and data support is provided for mine fire prevention and extinguishing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine safety and disaster prevention technology, and in particular to a platform and method for simulating and preventing disasters in goaf areas. Background Technology

[0002] During coal mining, as the mining operation advances towards the target area, a goaf is formed behind it. After the roof collapses, the central part of the goaf gradually fills in, forming a porous medium. The goaf is a major source of serious disasters such as gas accumulation and spontaneous combustion of residual coal. Its internal disaster evolution mechanism is complex, involving strong coupling effects of multiple physical fields, including pressure, concentration, and temperature fields. Currently, research and verification of prevention and control technologies for goaf disasters mainly rely on the following two types of methods:

[0003] The first category is on-site measurement and industrial testing. Although this method can reflect the real situation, it has inherent limitations such as high cost, long cycle, many uncontrollable factors, difficulty in reproducing extreme working conditions, and incomplete data collection. Furthermore, it cannot be used to conduct destructive tests or test new technologies that have not been fully verified in real mines.

[0004] The second category is numerical simulation and simplified physical models. Numerical simulation relies on the accuracy of constitutive models, and its calculation results need to be verified by experimental data. However, existing simplified physical model devices are limited in function, typically only able to simulate a single disaster (such as simulating only gas migration or only coal spontaneous combustion) or only providing a single injection point for prevention and control measures. For example, Chinese patent document CN116704866A discloses a comprehensive experimental platform for thermal and dynamic disasters in mine goaf areas, including a simulated coal face, a simulated goaf enclosure, a simulated ventilation system, a gas release system, an automatic gas concentration acquisition system, a temperature measurement system, and a data processing system. While this device simulates thermal and dynamic disasters in goaf areas to a certain extent, it lacks the comprehensive simulation capabilities for the heterogeneous pore structure, dynamic dip angle changes, complex air leakage fields, and the synergistic effects of multiple prevention and control measures in goaf areas. This makes it difficult for existing experimental devices to realistically reproduce the complex multi-field coupled disaster environment of goaf areas, resulting in significant deviations between the obtained experimental data and actual field conditions, failing to provide accurate and reliable data support for the development of technical solutions for intelligent and safe mines.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an integrated experimental platform that can highly integrate and realistically reproduce the multi-hazard coupled environment of the goaf, and can systematically and quantitatively verify the effects of various fire prevention and extinguishing measures and their combined use. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-physics field coupled goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform and method, which solves the problems that the existing experimental platform cannot simulate the multi-hazard coupled evolution process of goaf in a single system with high simulation, and lacks the ability to verify the multi-point and linkage effects of various prevention media.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

[0010] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a verification platform for simulation and prevention technology of goaf disasters, comprising:

[0011] The experimental chamber has an internal cavity, within which a coal mining face, an intake airway, a return airway, and a goaf are constructed. The goaf is filled with a loose medium with a heterogeneous porosity distribution. A fan is installed at the entrance of the intake airway.

[0012] A variable angle support mechanism is located below the experimental chamber to support the experimental chamber and drive it to rotate around an axis to simulate the dip angle of the goaf under different geological conditions.

[0013] A multi-media injection system includes a media source distribution unit and multiple injection ports arranged at different positions in the experimental chamber, for injecting disaster simulation gas or disaster prevention media into the cavity;

[0014] The sensing and monitoring system includes multiple multi-parameter sensors arranged inside the cavity for real-time monitoring of pressure field, concentration field and temperature field parameters;

[0015] The central control cabinet is electrically connected to the variable angle support mechanism, the multi-media injection system, and the sensing and monitoring system, respectively, and is used to centrally control the operation of each execution unit and collect monitoring data.

[0016] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is: it further includes a controllable heat source simulation system, the controllable heat source simulation system comprising a plurality of heat source simulation tanks uniformly arranged inside the experimental chamber;

[0017] The heat source simulation tank is equipped with heating elements and a temperature controller to simulate the high-temperature environment of spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf without burning the loose medium.

[0018] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the plurality of injection ports include:

[0019] A top direct injection port is located at the top of the experimental chamber and is used to simulate ground drilling grouting or air injection.

[0020] The adjacent roadway injection port is located on the side wall of the experimental chamber and is used to simulate the grouting or gas injection of adjacent roadways on both sides of the goaf.

[0021] And a gas seepage port, which is set on the bottom wall of the experimental chamber, to simulate the gas outburst from the bottom cracks in the goaf.

[0022] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is: a trailing pipe is provided on the side of the coal mining face adjacent to the intake airway, the extension direction of the trailing pipe is parallel to the direction of the intake airway, and it is used to simulate the injection pipeline of the coal mining face to inject grout or gas into the goaf.

[0023] The upper part of the experimental chamber is also equipped with high-extraction roadways and low-extraction roadways for simulating the gas extraction environment.

[0024] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the medium source distribution unit includes an integrated gas source distribution cabinet and a multi-medium injection pipeline;

[0025] The gas source integrated distribution cabinet is used to integrate and store or generate source components for liquid nitrogen, inert gas, methane and inert foam. The multiple output ports of the gas source integrated distribution cabinet are connected one-to-one with the top direct injection port, the adjacent lane injection port, the methane seepage port and the trailing pipe through multiple multi-media injection pipelines.

[0026] The multi-media injection system is configured to support single-point injection or multi-point linkage injection modes.

[0027] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the variable angle support mechanism includes: a box-type load-bearing bracket, a hinge shaft, and a linear drive assembly;

[0028] The bottom side of the experimental chamber is hinged to the load-bearing bracket of the chamber via the hinge shaft. A linear drive assembly is provided below the experimental chamber, and the top of the linear drive assembly is hinged to the experimental chamber to drive the experimental chamber to rotate around the hinge shaft.

[0029] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the goaf is divided into multiple partitioned areas by at least two layers of metal mesh partition structure, and different partitioned areas are filled with loose media with different particle sizes or gradations.

[0030] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the sensing and monitoring system further includes multiple sensor mounting poles;

[0031] Multiple sensor mounting poles are evenly arranged within the goaf area, and the multi-parameter sensors are spaced apart along the axial direction on each sensor mounting pole.

[0032] The top of the sensor mounting pole is connected to the inner top wall of the experimental chamber, while the lower part of the sensor mounting pole and the multi-parameter sensor are buried in the loose medium within the goaf area.

[0033] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the central control cabinet includes:

[0034] The control unit is electrically connected to the variable angle support mechanism, the medium source distribution unit, the sensing and monitoring system, and the heat source simulation tank, respectively, and is used to control the operation of each component.

[0035] The paperless recorder is electrically connected to the control unit. The control unit receives real-time parameter data fed back by the sensing and monitoring system and sends the real-time parameter data to the paperless recorder. The paperless recorder is used to record and display the real-time parameter data in real time.

[0036] The power supply system is used to supply power to all electrical components of the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform.

[0037] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for verifying disaster simulation and prevention technology in goaf areas, employing the aforementioned verification platform, and including the following steps:

[0038] S1. Model Construction: In the experimental chamber, according to the geological conditions of the target mine, multiple heat source simulation tanks and multi-parameter sensors are set up in the goaf area and filled with loose media of different particle sizes or gradations to construct a physical model with a preset heterogeneous porosity distribution.

[0039] S2. Environmental initialization: Set the initial experimental conditions through the central control cabinet, including activating the variable angle support mechanism to adjust the tilt angle of the experimental chamber to the preset angle; and activating the fan to establish simulated ventilation;

[0040] S3. Disaster simulation and data monitoring, including injecting methane gas into the cavity through the multi-media injection system to simulate a methane outburst disaster, or activating the controllable heat source simulation system to simulate a heat source; and continuously collecting environmental parameters inside the cavity through the sensing and monitoring system, which are recorded and analyzed by the central control cabinet to monitor the dynamic evolution of the disaster field.

[0041] S4. Verification of prevention and control measures: When the monitoring data reaches the predetermined disaster index, the central control cabinet controls the medium source distribution unit to select at least one path, such as the top direct injection port, the adjacent alley injection port, or the trailing pipe, to inject liquid nitrogen, inert gas, or inert foam into the cavity for prevention and control intervention.

[0042] S5. Evaluation of Prevention and Control Effect: Continuously monitor the changes in environmental parameters after the injection of prevention and control media. By comparing the environmental parameter data before and after the implementation of prevention and control measures, evaluate the effect of the prevention and control media and injection path on the control of goaf disasters.

[0043] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0044] This invention provides a simulation and prevention technology verification platform for goaf disasters. By integrating multiple innovative structures and functions, it effectively addresses the shortcomings of existing goaf simulation experimental platforms in terms of simulation accuracy, dynamic adaptability, prevention verification capabilities, and multi-physics coupling research. Specific beneficial effects are as follows:

[0045] First, by constructing a goaf with a heterogeneous porosity distribution, this invention makes key physical parameters such as airflow resistance, gas migration path, and oxygen penetration depth in the simulated goaf more closely resemble actual working conditions, significantly improving the realism and accuracy of the simulation experiment and laying a solid foundation for in-depth research into the occurrence and development mechanism of goaf disasters.

[0046] Secondly, this invention introduces a variable-angle support mechanism, which can dynamically adjust the tilt angle of the experimental chamber to realistically simulate the complex coupling mechanism of gas and air leakage under the combined effects of buoyancy and gravity in coal seams with different inclinations (such as steeply inclined coal seams). This design enables the verification platform to cover a wider range of geological conditions, allowing for in-depth research on the impact of tilt angle changes on disaster evolution paths (such as gas uplift and accumulation, and air leakage sinking and combustion) and prevention and control effects, significantly improving the platform's versatility and research depth.

[0047] Third, the multi-media injection system of this invention can inject not only simulated disaster gases such as methane, but also flexibly inject various forms of prevention and control media such as liquid nitrogen, inert gas, and foam. Combined with its multi-port design, it can simulate diverse prevention and control methods such as grouting, nitrogen injection, and foam injection, and quantitatively analyze their barrier effect, diffusion range, and cooling efficiency in complex goaf environments. This enables a closed-loop study of the entire process from disaster occurrence to prevention and control intervention and effect evaluation, providing a scientific basis for optimizing on-site goaf disaster prevention and control schemes.

[0048] Fourth, this invention integrates a multi-parameter sensing and monitoring system with a central control cabinet, enabling synchronous real-time acquisition of pressure, concentration, and temperature field data within the goaf, and allowing for precise centralized control of the experimental process. This not only helps to comprehensively reveal the disaster evolution mechanism under the coupling effects of multiple physical fields such as gas, air leakage, and temperature, but also significantly improves the level of experimental automation and data processing efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the experimental chamber in Embodiment 1 of the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform of the present invention, viewed from a top-down perspective.

[0051] Figure 3 for Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of the experimental chamber at point A;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a side view schematic diagram of the internal structure of the experimental box and the box-supporting bracket of Embodiment 1 of the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the experimental box and the box-supporting bracket in the rear view of Embodiment 1 of the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the experimental chamber of Embodiment 1 of the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the verification method for goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0056] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0057] 1: Experimental chamber; 2: Coal mining face; 3: Intake airway; 4: Return airway; 5: Fan; 6: Goaf; 7: Chamber support bracket; 8: Hinge shaft; 9: Linear drive assembly; 10: Medium source distribution unit; 11: Gas source integrated distribution cabinet; 12: Multi-media injection pipeline; 13: Multi-parameter sensor; 14: Sensor mounting pole; 15: Sensor signal cable; 16: Foot; 17: Metal mesh partition structure; 18: Trailing pipe; 19: Stepper motor; 20: Trailing pipe universal connector; 21: Heat source simulation tank; 22: Gas seepage port; 23: Top direct injection port; 24: Adjacent roadway injection port; 25: High-efficiency extraction roadway; 26: Low-efficiency extraction roadway; 27: Paperless recorder; 28: Central control cabinet; 29: Loose medium discharge port; 30: Liquid discharge valve; 31: Air leakage opening. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, a detailed description of the invention is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In this document, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" are used interchangeably. Figure 1 The orientation is used as a reference.

[0059] Example 1:

[0060] Please see Figures 1 to 6This embodiment provides a verification platform for simulation and prevention technology of goaf disasters, including an experimental chamber 1, a variable angle support mechanism, a multi-media injection system, a sensor monitoring system, a central control cabinet 28, and a controllable heat source simulation system.

[0061] The experimental chamber 1 is preferably a rectangular, sealed structure welded from metal, with cavities inside for constructing the coal face 2, intake airway 3, return airway 4, and goaf 6. The inner wall of the experimental chamber 1 can be treated for corrosion resistance and heat insulation as needed to improve the durability of the device and the stability of the experiment.

[0062] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the intake airway 3, the coal mining face 2, and the return airway 4 are composed of simulated pipes. The middle part of the simulated pipes is located inside the experimental chamber 1 to simulate the coal mining face 2. The two ends of the simulated pipes extend out of the front sidewall of the experimental chamber 1 to simulate the intake airway 3 and the return airway 4. A fan 5 is installed at the outer end of the intake airway 3 to provide an adjustable airflow with adjustable volume and pressure into the simulated pipes, thereby establishing a simulated ventilation system similar to that in a mine inside the experimental chamber 1.

[0063] To simulate the air leakage channel between the coal face 2 and the goaf 6, in this embodiment, multiple air leakage openings 31 are spaced axially in the middle of the simulated pipeline located inside the experimental chamber 1. Preferably, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the air leakage openings 31 occupy approximately three-quarters of the circumference of the simulated pipe. That is, except for about 90° of the pipe wall facing forward of the simulated pipe which is a closed structure, air leakage openings 31 are opened in the remaining approximately 270° range of the pipe wall. By adjusting the number and opening degree of the air leakage openings 31, different air leakage intensities and distribution characteristics can be simulated, thereby more realistically reproducing the air leakage field between the coal mining face 2 and the goaf 6 behind it.

[0064] Inside the experimental chamber 1 behind the simulated pipeline, a goaf 6 is constructed to simulate the porous media space formed by collapsed rock masses and coal gangue accumulation within the goaf 6. The goaf 6 is filled with a loose medium to simulate collapsed rock layers. The loose medium can be gravel, sand, coal gangue, expanded perlite, or one or more combinations of the above materials, and different particle sizes, shapes, and gradations can be selected as needed.

[0065] like Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, to simulate the heterogeneous porosity characteristics of the goaf 6, in this embodiment, the goaf 6 is divided into multiple partitioned areas along its height direction by at least two layers of metal mesh partitioning structures 17. The metal mesh partitioning structure 17 can be made of wire mesh or perforated metal plates, and its mesh size or opening ratio can be selected as needed. Different partitioned areas are filled with loose media with different particle sizes, gradations, and compaction degrees, thereby forming different porosities and permeabilities in each area, realizing the simulation of the non-uniform flow resistance field inside the goaf, and more accurately reproducing the dangerous areas in real mines that are prone to gas accumulation and spontaneous combustion.

[0066] like Figure 5 As shown, to facilitate the reconstruction of the goaf model and the replacement of the loose medium, a loose medium discharge port 29 is provided at the bottom of the rear side wall of the experimental chamber 1 near the goaf 6 area. The loose medium discharge port 29 is preferably a sealable opening structure, such as a bottom door or gate valve that is bolted on and closed. After the experiment, the discharge port 29 can be opened to discharge the loose medium filling the goaf 6, facilitating replacement or cleaning of the loose medium. A liquid discharge valve 30 can also be provided at the bottom of the experimental chamber 1 to discharge condensate, residual liquid nitrogen, or other liquids formed at the bottom of the chamber during the experiment, keeping the interior of the chamber dry and controllable, and improving experimental safety and repeatability.

[0067] In addition, such as Figure 1 As shown, a high-pressure extraction roadway 25 and a low-pressure extraction roadway 26 are constructed in the upper part of the experimental chamber 1 to simulate the gas extraction roadways arranged in a mine. The high-pressure extraction roadway 25 and the low-pressure extraction roadway 26 are sealed pipes fixedly installed below the top wall of the experimental chamber 1, and multiple extraction holes connected to the goaf 6 are opened on their pipe walls. The outer ends of the high-pressure extraction roadway 25 and the low-pressure extraction roadway 26 extend out of the side wall of the experimental chamber 1 and can be connected to an external gas extraction simulation device through valves to simulate different gas extraction negative pressures and flow rates.

[0068] Combination Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in order to simulate the movement characteristics of gas and heat inside the goaf under coal seam conditions with different dip angles, the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform in this embodiment is equipped with a variable angle support mechanism below the experimental box 1.

[0069] The variable angle support mechanism includes a box-type load-bearing bracket 7, a hinge shaft 8, and a linear drive assembly 9. One side of the bottom of the experimental box 1 is hinged to the box-type load-bearing bracket 7 via the hinge shaft 8. The linear drive assembly 9 is located on the lower side of the other side of the bottom of the experimental box 1, with its top end hinged to the bottom of the experimental box 1. By controlling the extension and retraction stroke of the linear drive assembly 9, the experimental box 1 can be driven to rotate around the hinge shaft 8, causing the experimental box 1 to tilt relative to the horizontal plane within a predetermined angle range, thus simulating the goaf 6 under different coal seam dip angles.

[0070] The load-bearing support 7 of the enclosure preferably adopts a welded steel structure, with multiple legs at the bottom. Each leg has a foot 16 at its lower end, which is fixed to the foundation by expansion bolts or anchor bolts to ensure sufficient overall rigidity and stability even when the enclosure is tilted. The linear drive assembly 9 can be an electric cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder, preferably an electric cylinder, which facilitates automated adjustment and precise control of the tilt angle of the experimental enclosure 1 via the central control cabinet 28.

[0071] The verification platform of this embodiment, through the aforementioned variable angle support mechanism, can realize continuous adjustable dip angle simulation from horizontal coal seams to steeply inclined coal seams, which facilitates the study of the migration and distribution patterns of gas, inert gas, and leaked air in the goaf 6 under the combined action of gravity and buoyancy.

[0072] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the multi-media injection system is used to inject disaster simulation gas and various prevention and control media into the experimental chamber 1 to simulate and verify different disaster conditions and prevention and control processes.

[0073] The multi-media injection system includes a media source distribution unit 10 and multiple injection ports arranged at different locations in the experimental chamber 1. The media source distribution unit 10 includes a gas source integrated distribution cabinet 11 and a multi-media injection pipeline 12. The gas source integrated distribution cabinet 11 integrates liquid nitrogen storage and supply components, inert gas (such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.) gas source components, gas simulation gas source components, and inert foam generation and supply components. The output ports of each component are connected one-to-one with the corresponding injection ports on the experimental chamber 1 through the multi-media injection pipeline 12, and can be equipped with actuators such as pressure regulating valves, flow meters, and solenoid valves to precisely control the injection pressure, flow rate, and time of various media.

[0074] In this embodiment, the injection ports provided on the experimental chamber 1 include a top direct injection port 23, an adjacent tunnel injection port 24, and a gas seepage port 22.

[0075] The top direct injection port 23 is located at the top of the experimental chamber 1 and communicates with the interior of the goaf 6. It is used to simulate the process of directly injecting grout or gas into the goaf 6 through ground boreholes. Multiple top direct injection ports 23 can be set according to experimental requirements and arranged along the plane above the goaf 6 to simulate different ground borehole arrangements.

[0076] The adjacent roadway injection port 24 is located at a height corresponding to the goaf 6 on the side wall of the experimental chamber 1, and is used to simulate the process of lateral grouting or gas injection into the goaf through boreholes in adjacent roadways. Multiple adjacent roadway injection ports 24 can also be set and arranged along the direction of the goaf 6 to study the impact of different lateral injection positions on the prevention and control effect.

[0077] The gas seepage port 22 is located on the bottom wall of the experimental chamber 1 near the goaf 6 to simulate the seepage and outflow of gas from the cracks in the goaf floor. During the experiment, simulated gas can be continuously or intermittently injected through the gas seepage port 22 to simulate gas outflow conditions of different intensities.

[0078] Each injection port is connected to the gas source integrated distribution cabinet 11 through a corresponding multi-media injection pipeline 12. The multi-media injection system can be configured as a single-point injection mode, i.e., injection is performed only through a certain injection port, or it can be configured as a multi-point linkage injection mode, i.e., injection is performed simultaneously or in a predetermined order through two or more injection ports to simulate complex process layouts such as multi-hole coordinated nitrogen injection, grouting or foam injection in the field.

[0079] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 A trailing pipe 18 is installed on the side of the coal face 2 adjacent to the intake airway 3. The extension direction of the trailing pipe 18 is parallel to the direction of the intake airway 3. It is used to simulate the injection pipeline of the coal face 2. One of the output ports of the gas source integrated distribution cabinet 11 is connected to the trailing pipe 18 through the multi-media injection pipeline 12 to inject grout or gas into the goaf 6. If necessary, another trailing pipe 18 can also be arranged on the side of the coal face 2 adjacent to the return airway 4 to simulate the bidirectional injection process.

[0080] Furthermore, a stepper motor 19 is installed inside the experimental chamber 1 near the drag pipe 18. The output end of the stepper motor 19 is connected to the drag pipe 18 through the drag pipe universal connector 20, which is used to drive the drag pipe 18 to approach the coal mining face 2. The purpose of setting up the stepper motor 19 is to study whether the stepper motor 19 can drag the drag pipe 18 forward when the loose medium in the goaf 6 is pressed on the drag pipe 18, that is, to follow the coal mining face 2 forward.

[0081] The verification platform of this embodiment, through the aforementioned multi-media injection system, can realize the simulation of gas disasters and the quantitative injection of various prevention and control media such as liquid nitrogen, inert gas and inert foam. It supports multiple injection paths such as top direct injection, side injection near the roadway, bottom seepage and working face pipe injection, which facilitates the systematic study of the impact of different prevention and control media morphologies and injection arrangements on the effectiveness of goaf disaster prevention and control.

[0082] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the verification platform in this embodiment also includes a controllable heat source simulation system, which is used to simulate the high-temperature environment formed by the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf 6 without actually burning the loose medium.

[0083] The controllable heat source simulation system includes multiple heat source simulation tanks 21. These tanks 21 can be evenly distributed on the bottom plate within the goaf 6, or densely distributed in anticipated high-risk areas within the goaf 6, to simulate different spatial distribution patterns of fire sources. It should be noted that the bottom of the experimental chamber 1 has multiple simulation tank mounting ports, and the heat source simulation tanks 21 are installed one-to-one within these ports.

[0084] Each heat source simulation tank 21 is equipped with an electric heating element and a temperature controller. The electric heating element can be in the form of a resistance wire, electric heating rod, or electric heating tube, etc. The temperature controller can be a PID temperature controller used in conjunction with a temperature sensor to perform closed-loop control of the heating power of the heat source simulation tank 21. The heat source simulation tank 21 is preferably a sealed metal tank structure, with its outer surface in close contact with the loose medium in the goaf 6. It transfers heat to the surrounding loose medium and pore gas through conduction and convection, without igniting the loose medium, but can form a high-temperature zone locally, thereby simulating the temperature field characteristics and evolution process of spontaneous combustion of residual coal.

[0085] The power lines and temperature signal lines of multiple heat source simulation tanks 21 are led out of the experimental chamber 1 through high-temperature resistant cables and electrically connected to the control unit in the central control cabinet 28. The central control cabinet 28 can set the target temperature and heating rate of each heat source simulation tank 21, thereby generating heat source fields of different scales and intensities to meet the simulation needs of various fire conditions.

[0086] To enable multi-physics field coupled monitoring of the evolution and prevention of goaf disasters, this embodiment is equipped with a sensor monitoring system, which is used to monitor environmental parameters such as pressure field, concentration field and temperature field in real time.

[0087] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the sensing and monitoring system includes multiple multi-parameter sensors 13 and multiple sensor mounting poles 14. Multiple sensor mounting poles 14 are evenly distributed within the goaf 6. The upper end of each sensor mounting pole 14 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the experimental chamber 1, and the lower part is buried in the loose medium within the goaf 6. Multiple multi-parameter sensors 13 are spaced apart along the axial direction on each sensor mounting pole 14, forming a three-dimensional monitoring grid at different spatial locations within the goaf 6.

[0088] The multi-parameter sensor 13 is a composite sensor integrating a pressure sensor unit, a gas concentration sensor unit, and a temperature sensor unit. It can measure and output parameters such as the concentrations of oxygen, methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, as well as ambient pressure and ambient temperature in real time. The output signal of the multi-parameter sensor 13 is collected through the sensor signal cable 15 and passes through the sensor signal cable 15 out of the experimental chamber 1, connecting to the control unit in the central control cabinet 28 to realize the real-time acquisition and transmission of environmental parameters at each monitoring point.

[0089] In addition to the goaf 6, some multi-parameter sensors 13 can also be installed in key locations such as intake airway 3, return airway 4, high-pressure extraction roadway 25 and low-pressure extraction roadway 26 to monitor parameters such as gas concentration and temperature in the roadways, so as to comprehensively analyze the interaction between the goaf 6 and the ventilation system.

[0090] like Figure 1 As shown, the central control cabinet 28 is used to centrally control the various execution units of the verification platform in this embodiment, and to uniformly process and record the multi-source data collected by the sensor monitoring system.

[0091] The central control cabinet 28 includes a control unit, a paperless recorder 27, and a power supply system. The control unit can be composed of a programmable logic controller (PLC), an industrial control computer, or a combination thereof. Its input terminals are electrically connected to the status feedback signals of multi-parameter sensors 13, temperature controllers, linear drive components 9, stepper motors 19, etc., and its output terminals are electrically connected to the linear drive components 9 in the variable angle support mechanism, the stepper motors 19 of the pipe 18, the solenoid valves and flow control devices in the air source integrated distribution cabinet 11, the electric heating elements of each heat source simulation tank 21, and the fan 5, etc., to control the start-up, shutdown, and operating parameters of each component.

[0092] The paperless recorder 27 is electrically connected to the control unit and is used to receive environmental parameter data collected by the multi-parameter sensor 13 and the operating status parameters of the heat source simulation tank 21, variable angle support mechanism, multi-media injection system, etc., forwarded by the control unit. It records and displays the data in real time and supports data storage and export for subsequent analysis and processing. The central control cabinet 28 is equipped with a power supply system to provide stable power to all electrical components of the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform. It is also equipped with safety devices such as overcurrent protection, short circuit protection, and leakage protection to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the overall system.

[0093] Through the above structural configuration, the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform of this embodiment can realize comprehensive simulation of various working conditions such as heterogeneous structure of goaf, variable dip angle, multi-source gas seepage, controllable heat source and multi-path prevention media injection on a single platform. Through the collaboration of multi-parameter sensing and monitoring system and central control cabinet 28, it can realize refined observation and control of goaf disaster evolution and prevention process.

[0094] Example 2:

[0095] Reference Figure 7 This embodiment provides a method for verifying goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology, using the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform of Embodiment 1, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0096] S1. Model Construction: Based on the geological conditions and mining parameters of the target mine (including coal seam dip angle, mining height, working face length, roof lithology, gas content, etc.), the geometric morphology and working parameters of the goaf to be simulated in the experiment are determined. Within the experimental chamber 1, a coal mining face 2, intake airway 3, return airway 4, and goaf 6 corresponding to the target working conditions are constructed. A metal mesh partition structure 17 is arranged within the goaf 6 to divide it into several partitioned areas. Different particle sizes or gradations of loose media are then filled into each partitioned area. If necessary, the porosity and permeability of different areas can be differentiated through layered filling, vibration compaction, etc., thereby constructing a physical model with a preset heterogeneous porosity distribution. Simultaneously, multiple heat source simulation tanks 21 are buried at predetermined locations, and multiple sensor mounting poles 14 are evenly distributed along the goaf 6. Multi-parameter sensors 13 are arranged at intervals along the height direction on each sensor mounting pole 14 to achieve comprehensive monitoring of key locations within the goaf 6. Depending on the experimental requirements, extraction pipelines and regulating valves can also be installed in the high-extraction roadway 25 and the low-extraction roadway 26 to simulate different gas extraction conditions.

[0097] S2. Environment Initialization: Set the initial experimental conditions via the central control cabinet 28. This includes:

[0098] S21. Start the variable angle support mechanism, control the linear drive component 9 to adjust the experimental box 1 to the preset inclination angle to simulate the inclination conditions of the target coal seam;

[0099] S22. Set the speed of fan 5 and start fan 5 to send air into air intake tunnel 3 to form a stable simulated ventilation system, and adjust the air volume as needed;

[0100] S23. Open or close the gas extraction systems of high-pressure extraction roadway 25 and low-pressure extraction roadway 26 as needed, and set the extraction negative pressure and flow rate to simulate different gas extraction methods.

[0101] S24. Perform zero-point calibration and work status check on the sensing and monitoring system to confirm that the multi-parameter sensor 13 is working properly, and set parameters such as data acquisition frequency, recording duration and storage method in the central control cabinet 28.

[0102] S3. Disaster Simulation and Data Monitoring: After environmental initialization, a disaster simulation medium is injected into the experimental chamber 1 through a multi-media injection system to simulate gas outburst and thermodynamic disaster conditions in the goaf 6. Specifically, on the one hand, simulated gas can be continuously or intermittently injected through the gas seepage port 22 to simulate gas seeping from the bottom plate cracks; on the other hand, according to the experimental plan, the controllable heat source simulation system is controlled by the central control cabinet 28 to start some or all of the heat source simulation tanks 21, and the target temperature and heating rate are set, thereby forming one or more high-temperature zones inside the goaf 6 to simulate the spontaneous combustion of residual coal or the formation and development process of high-temperature anomaly zones.

[0103] During the disaster simulation, the sensor monitoring system continuously collects environmental parameters from multiple points within the goaf 6, including pressure, gas concentration, and temperature, and transmits the real-time data to the central control cabinet 28. The central control cabinet 28 and the paperless recorder 27 record and display the above data, and can perform real-time curve plotting and preliminary analysis as needed to monitor the dynamic evolution of the disaster field, such as the spatiotemporal changes in pressure, gas concentration field, oxygen supply conditions, and temperature field.

[0104] S4. Verification of prevention and control measures: When the key disaster indicators monitored by the sensor monitoring system reach the predetermined triggering conditions (such as the gas concentration in a certain area reaching the warning or danger threshold, the temperature rising to the warning temperature, etc.), the prevention and control medium injection process is started by controlling the medium source distribution unit 10 through the central control cabinet 28.

[0105] According to the experimental protocol, one or more injection routes can be selected to implement prevention and intervention:

[0106] Liquid nitrogen, inert gas, or inert foam are injected into the high-temperature or high-gas area of ​​the goaf 6 through the top direct injection port 23 to simulate the direct injection fire prevention and extinguishing process via ground drilling; and / or,

[0107] The prevention and control medium is injected laterally into the goaf 6 through the adjacent roadway injection port 24 to simulate the process of nitrogen injection, grouting, or foam injection along the adjacent roadway borehole; and / or

[0108] The prevention and control medium is injected into the goaf 6 through the pipe 18 to simulate the injection process of treating the goaf as it is mined in the coal mining face.

[0109] In multi-point linkage mode, injection can be carried out simultaneously through two or more injection ports, such as top direct injection and adjacent tunnel side injection, or pipe 18 and top direct injection, to simulate the combined processes of multi-hole coordinated nitrogen injection and foam injection in the field. The central control cabinet 28 can automatically adjust the opening sequence, duration and injection flow of each port according to the preset program to realize the programmed control of prevention and control measures.

[0110] S5. Evaluation of prevention and control effect: During and after the injection of prevention and control media, the environmental parameters in the goaf 6 are continuously monitored through the sensor monitoring system. The central control cabinet 28 records the data such as gas concentration, oxygen concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature at each monitoring point, and can classify, statistically analyze and visualize the data.

[0111] By comparing environmental parameter data before and after the implementation of prevention and control measures, the effectiveness of different prevention and control media, injection paths, and process parameters in controlling six types of hazards in goaf areas can be quantitatively evaluated. Examples include the rate of methane concentration decay, temperature drop, diffusion range of inert gases or foam, and residence time. Based on these evaluation results, different prevention and control schemes can be compared and optimized, providing a scientific basis for the formulation and optimization of actual mine goaf fire prevention and extinguishing processes. Simultaneously, the obtained high-precision experimental data can be used to verify and correct numerical simulation models, improving the consistency between numerical simulation results and actual field conditions.

[0112] This embodiment is not merely a simple combination of various experimental devices. Its core lies in the integrated design of heterogeneous porous structure + variable tilt angle + controllable heat source + multi-path multi-media injection + multi-parameter real-time monitoring, which realizes high-fidelity reconstruction of the complex disaster environment in the goaf area. It also establishes a closed-loop verification system covering the entire process from disaster formation and development to prevention and control intervention and effect evaluation. This solves the problems of existing technologies, such as the single function of experimental platforms, large deviation from field conditions, and difficulty in systematically and quantitatively verifying various prevention and control processes.

[0113] The remaining parts that are the same as in Example 1 will not be repeated here.

[0114] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0115] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0116] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," or "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," or "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0117] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0118] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform, characterized in that, The device comprises: an experimental box (1) with a cavity formed inside, a coal mining face (2), an air inlet roadway (3), an air return roadway (4) and a goaf (6) constructed inside the cavity, the goaf (6) being filled with loose medium with inhomogeneous porosity distribution, and a fan (5) arranged at the entrance of the air inlet roadway (3); a variable-angle supporting mechanism arranged below the experimental box (1) for supporting the experimental box (1) and driving it to rotate around an axis to simulate the inclination angle of the goaf (6) under different geological conditions; a multi-medium injection system comprising a medium source distribution unit (10) and a plurality of injection ports arranged at different positions of the experimental box (1) for injecting disaster simulation gas or disaster prevention medium into the cavity; a sensing and monitoring system comprising a plurality of multi-parameter sensors (13) arranged inside the cavity for real-time monitoring of pressure field, concentration field and temperature field parameters; and a central control cabinet (28) electrically connected with the variable-angle supporting mechanism, the multi-medium injection system and the sensing and monitoring system for centralized control of the operation of each execution unit and collection of monitoring data.

2. The goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further comprises a controllable heat source simulation system comprising a plurality of heat source simulation tanks (21) uniformly arranged inside the experimental box (1); each of the heat source simulation tanks (21) is provided with a heating element and a temperature controller for simulating the high-temperature environment of spontaneous combustion of residual coal in the goaf (6) without burning the loose medium.

3. The goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform according to claim 2, characterized in that, The plurality of injection ports comprise: a top direct injection port (23) arranged at the top of the experimental box (1) for simulating ground drilling grouting or gas injection; a roadway-adjacent injection port (24) arranged at the sidewall of the experimental box (1) for simulating roadway-adjacent drilling grouting or gas injection on both sides of the goaf (6); and a gas seepage port (22) arranged at the bottom wall of the experimental box (1) for simulating gas emission from floor fractures of the goaf (6).

4. The goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, The coal mining face (2) is provided with a drag pipe (18) adjacent to one side of the air inlet roadway (3), the extension direction of the drag pipe (18) being parallel to the strike of the air inlet roadway (3) for simulating an injection pipeline of the coal mining face (2) to perform grouting or gas injection into the goaf (6); the upper part of the experimental box (1) is further provided with a high drainage roadway (25) and a low drainage roadway (26) for simulating gas drainage environment.

5. The goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform according to claim 4, characterized in that, The medium source distribution unit (10) comprises a gas source integrated distribution cabinet (11) and a plurality of multi-medium injection pipelines (12); the gas source integrated distribution cabinet (11) is used for integrated storage or generation of source components of liquid nitrogen, inert gas, gas and inert foam, and a plurality of output ports of the gas source integrated distribution cabinet (11) are in one-to-one correspondence with the top direct injection port (23), the roadway-adjacent injection port (24), the gas seepage port (22) and the drag pipe (18) through a plurality of multi-medium injection pipelines (12); the multi-medium injection system is configured to support single-point injection or multi-point linkage injection mode.

6. The goaf disaster simulation and technical verification platform of claim 4, wherein, The variable-angle supporting mechanism comprises a box load-bearing support (7), a hinge shaft (8) and a linear drive assembly (9). The bottom side of the experiment box (1) is hinged with the box bearing support (7) through the hinge shaft (8), and the lower side of the experiment box (1) is provided with a linear drive assembly (9), the top end of the linear drive assembly (9) is hinged with the experiment box (1), and the experiment box (1) is driven to rotate around the hinge shaft (8).

7. The goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform according to claim 4, characterized in that, The goaf (6) is divided into a plurality of separated areas by at least two layers of metal mesh separation structures (17), and different separated areas are filled with loose media with different particle sizes or gradations.

8. The goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sensing monitoring system further comprises a plurality of sensor mounting vertical rods (14); A plurality of sensor mounting vertical rods (14) are uniformly arranged in the goaf (6), and the multi-parameter sensor (13) is arranged on each sensor mounting vertical rod (14) in an axial direction; The top end of the sensor mounting vertical rod (14) is connected with the inner top wall of the experiment box (1), and the lower part of the sensor mounting vertical rod (14) and the multi-parameter sensor (13) are embedded in the loose medium in the goaf (6).

9. The goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform according to claim 4, characterized in that, The central control cabinet (28) comprises: A control unit electrically connected with the variable-angle support mechanism, the medium source distribution unit (10), the sensing monitoring system and the heat source simulation tank (21) respectively, for controlling the operation of each component; A paperless recorder (27) electrically connected with the control unit, the control unit receiving real-time parameter data fed back by the sensing monitoring system and sending the real-time parameter data to the paperless recorder (27), the paperless recorder (27) being used for real-time recording and display of the real-time parameter data; A power supply system for supplying power to each electric component of the goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification platform.

10. A goaf disaster simulation and prevention technology verification method, using the verification platform according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, model construction: in the experiment box (1), a plurality of heat source simulation tanks (21) and multi-parameter sensors (13) are arranged in the goaf (6) according to the geological conditions of the target mine, and loose media with different particle sizes or gradations are filled, so as to construct a physical model with a preset heterogeneous porosity distribution; S2, environment initialization: the initial experimental conditions are set through the central control cabinet (28), including starting the variable-angle support mechanism to adjust the inclination angle of the experiment box (1) to a preset angle, and starting the fan (5) to establish a simulated ventilation; S3, disaster simulation and data monitoring, including injecting gas into the cavity through the multi-medium injection system to simulate gas outburst disaster, or starting the controllable heat source simulation system to simulate heat source; And continuously collecting the environmental parameters in the cavity through the sensing monitoring system, and recording and analyzing by the central control cabinet (28) to monitor the dynamic evolution of the disaster field; S4, data analysis: the collected data are analyzed to obtain the evolution law of the disaster field. S4, verification of prevention and control measures: when the monitoring data reaches the predetermined disaster index, the medium source distribution unit (10) is controlled through the central control cabinet (28) to select at least one path of the top direct injection port (23), the temporary roadway injection port (24) or the drag pipe (18) to inject liquid nitrogen, inert gas or inert foam into the cavity for prevention and control intervention; S5, evaluation of prevention and control effect: the change of environmental parameters after injecting the prevention and control medium is continuously monitored, and the environmental parameter data before and after the implementation of the prevention and control measures are compared to evaluate the treatment effect of the prevention and control medium and the injection path on the disaster in the goaf (6).

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