Beneficiation system and beneficiation process

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of beneficiation, in particular to a beneficiation system and a beneficiation process. According to the invention, the ore dressing equipment is reasonably configured, the ore dressing process flow is optimized, and the most suitable treatment of ores with different granularities can be ensured through the flows of multi-stage screening, gravity ore dressing, centrifugal machine enrichment, table concentrator and the like, so that the loss of gold ore particles is avoided. And the recovery rate and efficiency of gulch-gold beneficiation are remarkably improved. Compared with the prior art, the process not only improves the gold ore recovery rate and increases the treatment capacity, but also has the characteristics of high efficiency, environmental protection and automation, and provides a new solution for modernization and sustainable development of the ore dressing process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ore dressing, in particular to an ore dressing system and an ore dressing process. BACKGROUND

[0002] Ore dressing process is an important part in the field of mining, mainly used for extracting natural metals from placer. Natural metals often exist in the form of fine particles in rivers, lakes, coasts and alluvial layers, so its ore dressing process is usually different from the mining of hard rock gold.

[0003] Placer gold dressing mainly relies on physical ore dressing methods, mainly including gravity separation, screening, washing and panning processes. Including: washing, by removing impurities such as sand and debris in the ore material, the purity of the placer material is improved. In this process, a washing drum or a high-pressure water gun is usually used for washing; screening, different particle sizes of materials in the placer are preliminarily separated by screening to ensure that materials of different particle sizes can be treated separately. Commonly used equipment includes vibrating screen, rotary screen, etc.; gravity separation, gravity separation is the core process of placer gold dressing, which separates gold from other minerals by gravity difference due to the characteristics of gold's high specific gravity and fast settling speed. Common gravity separation equipment includes jigging machine, chute, shaking table and centrifugal concentrator; panning, panning is a traditional method of placer gold recovery, usually carried out in rivers or streams, by hand operation or mechanical equipment using water flow to wash away lighter sand and gravel, leaving gold particles with higher specific gravity.

[0004] In the existing ore dressing process, due to unreasonable process design, some minerals of certain particle size cannot be fully separated, affecting the recovery rate, and the gravity separation equipment usually only performs single mineral separation, which may result in low recovery rate, especially in the recovery of fine-grained gold.

[0005] The present application can more effectively extract fine-grained gold ore by optimizing the ore dressing process and reasonably configuring the equipment, thereby significantly improving the recovery rate. This multi-stage screening process can ensure that different particle sizes of ore are treated most appropriately, avoiding the loss of gold particles. The economic benefits of placer gold dressing are greatly improved. SUMMARY

[0006] The object of the present application is an ore dressing system, The object of the present application is an ore dressing process.

[0007] To overcome the above technical defects, the present application provides an ore dressing system and an ore dressing process, which improves the recovery rate of placer gold dressing and obtains great economic benefits.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides a mineral processing system, including a loader or excavator, a mud-rock separator installed at the bottom of the pit, a high-pressure washing device for washing the raw ore, a first belt conveyor, a first bucket elevator, a first vibrating screen, a first rotating chute, a second vibrating screen, a first slurry pump, a centrifuge, a second rotating chute, a tailings recovery system, a shaking table, and a purification system.

[0009] The present invention also provides a mineral processing technology that uses the above-mentioned placer gold beneficiation system for multi-stage screening and beneficiation to extract fine-grained gold ore.

[0010] Furthermore, the mineral processing technology includes the following steps: Step 1, Primary screening: The raw ore is fed by a loader or excavator. The raw ore is washed with high pressure water using a mud-stone separator and high-pressure water washing equipment set at the bottom of the pit. Waste material larger than 30mm is transported out by the first belt conveyor, and ore smaller than 30mm is fed into the first bucket elevator. Step 2, secondary screening: Ore smaller than 30mm is fed to the first vibrating screen through the first bucket elevator, and ore smaller than 12mm is screened out, while waste material larger than 12mm is discharged.

[0011] Step 3, three-stage screening: ore smaller than 12mm is subjected to gravity separation through the first rotating chute, and then screened by the second vibrating screen to remove ore smaller than 2mm. Waste larger than 2mm is transported and discharged by the second belt conveyor and trucks. Step 4, four-stage screening: Ore smaller than 2mm is fed into the first centrifuge by a slurry pump for enrichment, and tailings and heavy sand are screened out. The tailings are then passed through the second rotary chute to select gold ore, and the remaining waste enters the tailings recovery system. The tailings recovery system includes a bucket wheel sand washing machine. After the waste is dewatered by the bucket wheel, the muddy water enters the sedimentation tank and the solids are discharged. The second rotary chute is equipped with a gold-adhesive blanket for capturing gold sand.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 4 above, the heavy sand selected by the first centrifuge is pumped into a shaking table, where gold ore and waste are screened out. The waste is then pumped to a screw conveyor and transported by the screw conveyor to a third belt conveyor or by truck for discharge.

[0013] Furthermore, the mineral processing technology also includes step 5, amalgamation purification, in which the gold ore screened by the shaking table in step 4 is finely ground together with mercury and water, so that the mercury wets the surface of the gold particles and gradually diffuses into the gold to form an amalgam, separating it from the gangue minerals. The slurry flows down an inclined copper plate coated with mercury, so that the precious metal particles that have not formed an amalgam come into contact with the mercury on the copper plate to form an amalgam. The amalgam is heated and evaporated to remove the mercury, thus obtaining pure gold.

[0014] Furthermore, the waste discharged in steps 1, 2, and 3 as described above is crushed using a crusher, repeating the steps described in claim 2. The waste is further pulverized and repeatedly screened for purification.

[0015] This invention optimizes the mineral processing flow and rationally configures equipment to perform multi-stage screening of raw ore, enabling more effective extraction of fine-grained gold ore and significantly improving the recovery rate. This multi-stage screening process ensures that ores of different particle sizes receive the most suitable treatment, preventing the loss of gold particles. This greatly improves the economic benefits of placer gold beneficiation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the mineral processing technology of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer as the description unfolds. However, these embodiments are merely exemplary and do not constitute any limitation on the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or substitutions to the details and form of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, but all such modifications and substitutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that, in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0020] like Figure 1This is a flow chart of the mineral processing technology of the present invention. The present invention provides a mineral processing system, including a loader or excavator, a mud-stone separator installed at the bottom of the pit, a high-pressure washing device for washing the raw ore, a first belt conveyor, a first bucket elevator, a first vibrating screen; a first rotary chute, a second vibrating screen, a first slurry pump, a centrifuge, a second rotary chute, a tailings recovery system, a shaking table, and a purification system.

[0021] This embodiment also provides a mineral processing technology that uses the aforementioned placer gold beneficiation system for multi-stage screening to extract fine-grained gold ore. By optimizing the mineral processing flow and rationally configuring equipment, this invention performs multi-stage screening of the raw ore, enabling more effective extraction of fine-grained gold ore and significantly improving the recovery rate. This multi-stage screening process ensures that ores of different particle sizes receive the most suitable treatment, avoiding the loss of gold particles. This greatly improves the economic benefits of placer gold beneficiation.

[0022] In this embodiment, the mineral processing technology includes the following steps: Step 1, primary screening: The raw ore is fed by a loader or excavator. The raw ore is washed with high-pressure water using a mud-stone separator and high-pressure water washing equipment set at the bottom of the pit. Waste material larger than 30mm is transported out by the first belt conveyor, while ore smaller than 30mm is fed into the first bucket elevator. Step 2, secondary screening: Ore smaller than 30mm is fed to the first vibrating screen by the first bucket elevator, which separates ore smaller than 12mm, while waste material larger than 12mm is discharged. Step 3, three-stage screening: ore smaller than 12mm undergoes gravity separation in the first rotary sluice, then passes through a second vibrating screen to separate ore smaller than 2mm. Waste larger than 2mm is discharged via a second belt conveyor and trucks. Step 4, four-stage screening: ore smaller than 2mm is pumped into a first centrifuge for enrichment, separating tailings and heavy sand. The tailings are then separated for gold ore in the second rotary sluice, while the remaining waste enters a tailings recovery system. This system includes a bucket wheel washing machine; after dewatering, the waste water enters a sedimentation tank, and the solids are discharged. The second rotary sluice is equipped with a gold-adhesive blanket for capturing gold dust.

[0023] In step 4 above, the heavy sand selected by the first centrifuge is pumped into a shaking table, where gold ore and waste are screened out. The waste is pumped to a screw conveyor and then transported to a third belt conveyor or truck for discharge.

[0024] In this embodiment, the mineral processing technology further includes step 5, amalgamation purification, whereby the gold ore screened by the shaking table in step 4 is finely ground together with mercury and water, so that the mercury wets the surface of the gold particles and gradually diffuses into the gold to form an amalgam, separating it from the gangue minerals. The slurry flows down an inclined copper plate coated with mercury, allowing the precious metal particles that have not formed an amalgam to come into contact with the mercury on the copper plate to form an amalgam. The amalgam is then heated and evaporated to remove the mercury, thus obtaining pure gold.

[0025] To further utilize the raw ore, in this embodiment, the waste discharged in steps 1, 2, and 3 as described above is crushed using a crusher, repeating the steps described in claim 2. The waste is further pulverized and repeatedly screened for purification, improving the ore recovery rate and increasing production.

[0026] This invention optimizes the mineral processing flow and rationally configures equipment to perform multi-stage screening of raw ore, enabling more effective extraction of fine-grained gold ore and significantly improving the recovery rate. This multi-stage screening process ensures that ores of different particle sizes receive the most suitable treatment, preventing the loss of gold particles. This greatly improves the economic benefits of placer gold beneficiation.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention designs a multi-stage screening and layer-by-layer precipitation process. Compared with traditional placer gold beneficiation techniques that typically employ single screening and separation steps, resulting in some minerals of certain particle sizes not being fully separated and affecting the recovery rate, this invention uses a multi-stage screening process. The raw ore is first separated into different particle sizes (30mm, 12mm, 2mm) by a pit bottom mud-stone separator and vibrating screen, and then subjected to layer-by-layer precipitation. Ore smaller than 2mm is enriched by a centrifuge, enabling more effective extraction of fine-grained gold ore, thereby significantly improving the recovery rate. This multi-stage screening process ensures that ores of different particle sizes receive the most suitable treatment, avoiding the loss of gold ore particles.

[0028] This invention designs a placer gold beneficiation system and optimizes the configuration of placer gold beneficiation equipment. In traditional placer gold beneficiation processes, gravity separation equipment typically only performs mineral separation, which may lead to low recovery rates, especially in the recovery of fine-grained gold. This invention combines an optimized placer gold beneficiation system with optimized equipment configuration to form a highly efficient automated production process. Through steps such as centrifuge enrichment, shaking table screening, and amalgamation smelting, the recovery rate is improved, manual operation is reduced, the stability and efficiency of the beneficiation process are ensured, and the gold ore recovery rate is significantly increased.

[0029] This invention designs a separation between ore screening and waste disposal. In traditional processes, waste disposal often involves insufficient screening, potentially leading to the waste of valuable minerals. This invention optimizes the process to achieve precise screening and waste separation, accurately removing large particles of waste at multiple stages, and disposing of waste via belt conveyors and truck transport. During gravity separation and enrichment, the loss of gold ore particles is minimized.

[0030] This invention designs a tailings treatment process. Traditional mineral processing methods involve simple direct discharge of tailings, which is not conducive to ensuring environmental protection and maximizing resource utilization. This invention designs a tailings dewatering treatment and a sedimentation tank discharge of sludge, which not only effectively reduces tailings pollution to the environment but also improves the tailings recycling rate. After dewatering, the tailings can reduce the environmental burden and achieve resource recycling.

[0031] This invention presents an amalgamation smelting process. Gold ore screened by a shaking table undergoes amalgamation smelting and high-temperature calcination to obtain pure gold. Compared to traditional manual processes, this method improves the purity of the gold ore and effectively reduces energy consumption and pollution during smelting.

[0032] In summary, this patent significantly improves the recovery rate and efficiency of placer gold beneficiation through precise multi-stage screening, gravity separation, centrifugal enrichment, and shaking table screening. Compared with traditional technologies, this process not only increases gold ore recovery and throughput but also features high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and automation, providing a new solution for the modernization and sustainable development of mineral processing.

[0033] The implementation schemes in the above embodiments can be further combined or replaced, and the embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the concept and scope of the present invention. Various changes and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mineral processing system, characterized by: The system comprises a loader or excavator, a debris separator, a high-pressure washing device, a first belt conveyor, a first bucket elevator, a first vibrating screen, a first rotary chute, a second vibrating screen, a first mortar pump, a centrifuge, a second rotary chute, a tailings recovery system, a shaking table, and a purification system.

2. A mineral processing process characterised in that, The multi-stage screening and beneficiation system according to claim 1 is used for extracting fine gold ore.

3. The beneficiation process according to claim 2, comprising the following steps: Step 1: primary screening, raw ore is loaded by a loader or excavator, and the raw ore is washed by a high-pressure water washing device provided at the bottom of the pit, waste materials larger than 30 mm are transported out by a first belt conveyor, and ore smaller than 30 mm is loaded into a first bucket elevator; Step 2: secondary screening, ore smaller than 30 mm is loaded into a first vibrating screen by the first bucket elevator, and ore smaller than 12 mm is screened out, while waste materials larger than 12 mm are discharged; Step 3: tertiary screening, ore smaller than 12 mm is subjected to gravity beneficiation by a first rotary chute, and then screened by a second vibrating screen to separate ore smaller than 2 mm, while waste materials larger than 2 mm are transported out by a second belt conveyor and a vehicle; Step 4: quaternary screening, ore smaller than 2 mm is enriched by a first centrifuge through a mortar pump, and tailings and heavy sand are screened out, the tailings are selected by a second rotary chute, and the remaining waste materials are fed into a tailings recovery system, the tailings recovery system comprises a bucket wheel sand washing machine, after the waste materials are dewatered by the bucket wheel, the slurry is fed into a sedimentation tank, and the solid is discharged; the second rotary chute is provided with a gold-catching blanket for capturing gold sand.

4. The beneficiation process according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 4, the heavy sand selected by the first centrifuge is fed into a shaking table through a mortar pump, the shaking table screens out gold ore and waste materials, and the waste materials are fed into a spiral conveyor by a mortar pump, and then transported out by a third belt conveyor or a vehicle.

5. The beneficiation process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The beneficiation process further comprises step 5: mercury amalgamation purification, the gold ore screened out by the shaking table in step 4 is finely ground together with mercury and water, the mercury wets the surface of the gold particles and further diffuses into the gold, forming amalgam, which is separated from the gangue minerals, the slurry flows down the inclined copper plate coated with mercury on the surface, and the noble metal particles that do not form amalgam come into contact with the mercury on the copper plate to form amalgam, and the amalgam is evaporated by heating to remove mercury, thereby obtaining pure gold.

6. The beneficiation process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The waste materials discharged in steps 1, 2 and 3 according to claim 2 are crushed by a crusher, and the steps according to claim 2 are recycled.

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