Carbon flow tracking and distribution method and system based on load flow calculation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of urban power grid carbon emission accounting, and particularly discloses a carbon flow tracking and distribution method and system based on load flow calculation, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the load flow data of a power distribution network according to the topological structure of the power distribution network; obtaining the carbon intensity of each node of the power distribution network bus according to the power flow data of the power distribution network; according to the carbon intensity of each node of the power distribution network bus, branch carbon intensity of each branch is acquired, and carbon flow tracking is realized; and calculating the carbon flow speed of each branch according to the branch carbon intensity of each branch, and distributing the carbon emission responsibility of each load point in the power distribution network according to the carbon flow speed. The problems that in the prior art, carbon emission traceability of the whole link from power generation to power utilization cannot be achieved, fair division of emission responsibility is affected, and the rights and interests of electric vehicle users are damaged due to the additional cost transfer problem are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of urban power grid carbon emission accounting technology, specifically relating to a carbon flow tracking and allocation method and system based on power flow calculation. Background Technology

[0002] Electric vehicles (EVs) are experiencing explosive growth, gradually replacing traditional gasoline-powered vehicles (GVs). This transformation is crucial for reducing carbon emissions, mitigating climate change, and achieving carbon neutrality. Simultaneously, the new energy vehicle market is experiencing exponential growth. The widespread adoption of EVs and their increasing charging demands have significantly amplified the interaction between the transport network (TN) and the distribution network (PDN): on the one hand, EV charging may lead to localized overloads or even system failures in the distribution network; on the other hand, power supply bottlenecks may cause charging delays, while excessive concentration of EVs can cause traffic congestion. Against this backdrop, the coordinated scheduling of the power-transport coupled network (CPTN) has become a vital solution for mitigating potential risks such as excessive carbon emissions and system overload.

[0003] Existing research is beginning to focus on the carbon emissions of power-transport coupled networks (CPTN). If electric vehicles are not charged using clean energy sources, their carbon emissions may exceed those of gasoline-powered vehicles. Current research primarily aims to promote renewable energy integration and achieve low-carbon operation by incorporating distribution network carbon emissions into CPTN scheduling; however, these methods often overlook emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles. It is noteworthy that the transportation sector accounts for 17% of global carbon emissions, and the 45% increase in carbon emissions over the past two decades has primarily stemmed from emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles.

[0004] Existing research typically calculates carbon emissions from the power generation side of the electricity-transportation coupled network (CPTN), which is the process by which energy producers generate electricity by burning fossil fuels and which gasoline-powered vehicles use fossil fuels for propulsion. However, this approach has significant limitations: it cannot achieve carbon emission traceability across the entire process from power generation to consumption, which affects the fair allocation of emission responsibility and can also harm the rights of electric vehicle users by passing on additional costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem that existing technologies cannot achieve carbon emission traceability throughout the entire process from power generation to power consumption, which leads to the unfair allocation of emission responsibilities and the infringement of the rights and interests of electric vehicle users due to the transfer of additional costs. The invention proposes a carbon flow tracking and allocation method and system based on power flow calculation.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: Firstly, a carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation, comprising the following steps: Based on the topology of the distribution network, obtain the power flow data of the distribution network; Based on the power flow data of the distribution network, obtain the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus; Based on the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus, the branch carbon intensity of each branch is obtained to achieve carbon flow tracking. Based on the carbon intensity of each branch, the carbon flow velocity of each branch is calculated, and then the carbon emission responsibility of each load point in the distribution network is allocated according to the carbon flow velocity.

[0007] Preferably, the distribution network has a radial topology, and the topology data of the distribution network includes a set of bus nodes and a set of transmission lines. The power flow data includes the active and reactive power of each node on the distribution network bus, as well as the active power and power loss of each branch.

[0008] Preferably, the formula for calculating the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus is as follows:

[0009] in, Indicates the distribution network bus node Carbon strength at that location Indicates the distribution network bus node Active power injection at the location, Indicates the distribution network bus node Carbon emission density at the injection point Indicates transmission line Active power on Indicates transmission line Power loss on Indicates transmission line Carbon flux density of the upper branch, Indicates the bus node index of the distribution network. Represents the set of bus nodes in a distribution network. Indicates the distribution network bus node The parent node.

[0010] As a preferred option, transmission lines Power loss on The calculation formula is:

[0011] in, Indicates transmission line The resistor on Indicates transmission line The square value of the current.

[0012] As a preferred option, the formula for calculating the carbon intensity of each branch is:

[0013] in, Indicates transmission line Carbon intensity of the branch at the outflow node Indicates the distribution network bus node Carbon strength at that location Indicates the distribution network bus node Carbon strength at that location Indicates transmission line The active power.

[0014] As a preferred option, the formula for calculating the carbon flow velocity of each branch is:

[0015]

[0016] in, Indicates transmission line Carbon emission flow rate on Indicates transmission line Active power on Indicates transmission line Carbon intensity of the branch at the outflow node Indicates transmission line The carbon emission rate caused by power loss Indicates transmission line Power loss on.

[0017] As a preferred method, the specific approach to allocating carbon emission responsibility for each load point in the distribution network based on carbon flow velocity is as follows: based on the proportional sharing assumption, the load carbon emissions of each bus node in the distribution network are proportionally shared by all energy flows injected into that bus node.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention, based on the actual topology of the power grid and real-time power flow calculations, uses a carbon flow tracing model to accurately calculate the carbon flow density (node ​​carbon intensity NCI) for each bus node (and even each branch). This allows carbon emission responsibility to be shifted from the macroscopic generation or grid side to the microscopic load side, providing each electricity-consuming unit with a precise carbon emission amount corresponding to its electricity consumption behavior, thus solving the problem of common but indistinguishable responsibility.

[0019] 2. This invention organically combines the physical characteristics of the power grid (topology, power flow) with carbon emission accounting, constructing a visualized carbon flow channel from power generation to power consumption. This allows carbon emissions from previously independent energy systems and energy-consuming systems to be calculated within a unified framework. This visualization of carbon flow across the entire process is crucial for analyzing the flow, aggregation, and distribution patterns of carbon emissions within the power grid at the system level, and helps identify carbon emission hotspots and key emission reduction links.

[0020] Secondly, a carbon flow tracking and allocation system based on power flow calculation includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire power flow data of the distribution network based on the topology of the distribution network. The nodal carbon intensity calculation module is used to obtain the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus based on the power flow data of the distribution network. The carbon flow tracing module is used to obtain the branch carbon intensity of each branch based on the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus, thereby realizing carbon flow tracing. The carbon emission allocation module is used to calculate the carbon flow velocity of each branch based on the branch carbon intensity, and then allocate the carbon emission responsibility of each load point in the distribution network according to the carbon flow velocity.

[0021] Thirdly, an electronic device is provided, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method as described in the first aspect.

[0022] Fourthly, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method as described in the first aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the drawings are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0025] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, a carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation includes the following steps: S1. Obtain power flow data of the distribution network based on its topology; S2. Obtain the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus based on the power flow data of the distribution network; S3. Based on the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus, obtain the branch carbon intensity of each branch to achieve carbon flow tracking; S4. Calculate the carbon flow velocity of each branch based on the branch carbon intensity, and then allocate the carbon emission responsibility of each load point in the distribution network according to the carbon flow velocity.

[0026] In this embodiment, the distribution network topology is radial, which can be determined through the bus-branch correlation matrix. To characterize, Represents the set of bus nodes in a distribution network. This represents the set of transmission lines, i.e., branches, in the distribution network. It is assumed that each busbar is connected to a Fast Charging Station (FCS) and a Distributed Generation (DG). If these are not actually configured, the corresponding output or input power flow can be constrained to zero to indicate that the node does not have the conditions for accessing an FCS or DG. The root busbar connects to the main power grid. The topology data of the distribution network includes the set of busbar nodes, the set of transmission lines, generator connection relationships, and load distribution. The power flow data includes the active and reactive power of each node on the distribution network bus, as well as the active power and power loss of each branch.

[0027] In this embodiment, the formula for calculating the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus is as follows:

[0028] in, Indicates the distribution network bus node Carbon strength at that location Indicates the distribution network bus node Active power injection at the location, Indicates the distribution network bus node Carbon emission density at the injection point Indicates transmission line Active power on Indicates transmission line Power loss on Indicates transmission line Carbon flux density of the upper branch, Indicates the bus node index of the distribution network. Represents the set of bus nodes in a distribution network. Indicates the distribution network bus node The parent node.

[0029] In this embodiment, the transmission line Power loss on The calculation formula is:

[0030] in, Indicates transmission line The resistor on Indicates transmission line The square value of the current.

[0031] In this embodiment, the formula for calculating the carbon intensity of each branch is as follows:

[0032] in, Indicates transmission line Carbon intensity of the branch at the outflow node Indicates the distribution network bus node Carbon strength at that location Indicates the distribution network bus node Carbon strength at that location Indicates transmission line The active power on the line; based on the principle of power flow control, the branch carbon intensity (BCI) can be obtained as equal to the nodal carbon intensity (NCI) flowing into the bus.

[0033] In this embodiment, the formula for calculating the carbon flow velocity of each branch is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] in, Indicates transmission line Carbon emission flow rate on Indicates transmission line Active power on Indicates transmission line Carbon intensity of the branch at the outflow node Indicates transmission line The carbon emission rate caused by power loss Indicates transmission line Power loss on the line. Carbon Flow Rate (CEFR) refers to the virtual carbon emissions corresponding to the power flow passing through the bus or branch of the distribution network (PDN) per unit time. Identify electric vehicle charging loads connected to the bus and use the nodal carbon intensity of the bus as the basis for carbon emission responsibility accounting for that charging load.

[0036] In this embodiment, the present invention uses a carbon flow tracking (CEF) model with carbon intensity as the core indicator, which measures the carbon emissions contained in a unit of energy flow. In a distribution network (PDN), the nodal carbon intensity (NCI) of each bus represents the average carbon emission level of the injected power flow within a specific time period. Based on the proportional sharing assumption, NCI can be calculated as the weighted average of the carbon intensities of all injected energy flows. The method for allocating the carbon emission responsibility of each load point in the distribution network according to the carbon flow velocity is as follows: based on the proportional sharing assumption, the load carbon emissions of each bus node in the distribution network are proportionally shared by all energy flows injected into that bus node.

[0037] This invention proposes a full-cycle carbon emission tracing method for power-transport coupled networks (CPTN): based on the carbon flow (CEF) model, it indirectly calculates the carbon emissions from electric vehicle charging using emission data from thermal power plants; simultaneously, it directly measures the emissions from gasoline-powered vehicles using a macro-emission model. This invention can identify carbon emissions corresponding to energy consumption from the electricity consumption (load) side, achieving accurate tracking and emission responsibility determination for different users' carbon footprints. Through CEF tracking technology, this invention transfers the carbon emission responsibility of the distribution network from the power generation (source) side to the electricity consumption (load) side, ensuring a fair allocation of emissions from electric vehicle charging, while also incorporating emissions from gas-powered vehicles (GVs) into the pricing system.

[0038] In this embodiment, the method further includes: Calculate the carbon price of the distribution network bus based on the carbon intensity of each node and the preset carbon tax rate. Obtain the nodal marginal electricity price of the distribution network bus; The marginal electricity price at each node is obtained by solving the energy price model of the grid operator; typically, the distribution network (PDN) operates in a radial topology, which can be determined through the bus-branch correlation matrix. Characterization is performed. Assuming each bus is connected to a Fast Charging Station (FCS) and Distributed Generation (DG), if not actually configured, the corresponding output or input power flow can be constrained to zero to characterize that the node does not have the conditions for FCS or DG access. The root bus connects to the main grid. The optimization objective of the grid operator's energy price model is to minimize the total system operating cost, which includes two components: the generation cost of distributed generation (DG) and the cost of purchasing electricity from the main grid. The objective function is:

[0039] in, This represents minimizing the total operating cost of the power distribution network operator system; and Indicates connection to the distribution network bus node The energy generation cost coefficient of distributed power sources; Indicates the distribution network bus node The amount of energy injected by the distributed power source; This indicates the contracted electricity price at which the distribution network operator purchases electricity from the main grid; Indicates the bus node of the power distribution network Electricity purchased from the main power grid; This represents the set of busbar nodes in the distribution network connected to the main power grid. Let represent the set of bus nodes in the distribution network; from this, we can obtain the energy price of each fast charging station (FCS), i.e., the marginal electricity price of the node. This price is actually the dual variable of the active power balance constraint.

[0040] The constraints of the grid operator's energy price model include:

[0041]

[0042] The two constraints mentioned above represent the balance relationship between active and reactive power between adjacent buses, respectively.

[0043] The above constraints characterize the voltage relationship between the first and last busbars of the branch;

[0044] The above constraints indicate that the apparent power is relaxed.

[0045] The above constraints apply to various variables, including the active / reactive power output of each bus and node voltage, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the power distribution network (PDN). The active power demand of each bus can be expressed as:

[0046] in, Indicates transmission line Active power; Indicates the distribution network bus node Active power injection at the location; Indicates transmission line Active power; Indicates the distribution network bus node The functional requirements of the location; Indicates transmission line The resistance; Indicates transmission line The square value of the current on; Represents the set of power distribution network transmission lines; Indicates the distribution network bus node child nodes, Represents the set of busbar nodes in a distribution network; Indicates transmission line reactive power; Indicates the distribution network bus node Reactive power injection at the location; Indicates transmission line reactive power; Indicates the distribution network bus node Addressing traditional reactive power needs; Indicates transmission line The reactance; Indicates the distribution network bus node The square of the voltage at the point; Indicates the distribution network bus node The square of the voltage at the point; and Indicates the distribution network bus node Active power injection boundary at the location; and Indicates the distribution network bus node The reactive power injection boundary at the location; and Indicates the distribution network bus node Voltage boundary at the location; Indicates connection to the distribution network bus node The active power demand on the charging section at the location; Indicates road segment The electric vehicle traffic flow during charging segments is represented by the corresponding fast charging stations (FCS), which are powered by bus j of the distribution network (PDN). This power supply relationship is indicated by an indicator variable. Perform mapping representation; This represents the association matrix between charging segment and bus node. If the segment This is a charging section and is connected to the distribution network bus node. ,but ,otherwise, .

[0047] Adding the marginal electricity price at each node to the carbon price yields the comprehensive energy-carbon price. The formula for calculating the energy-carbon composite price is:

[0048]

[0049] in, Indicates connection to the distribution network bus node The section of road The combined energy-carbon price; Indicates the distribution network bus node The energy price at a given point, i.e., the marginal electricity price at the node; Indicates the distribution network bus node Carbon prices at the location; This represents the association matrix between charging segment and bus node. If the segment It is a charging section and connected to the bus node. ,but ,otherwise, ; This represents a set of charging sections. Represents carbon tax, Indicates the distribution network bus node The carbon density at a given node. The magnitude of the energy-carbon combined price directly affects the travel expenses of electric vehicle users. Similarly, for gasoline vehicles, although they do not require charging, they still generate carbon emissions during operation. This invention quantifies the carbon emissions during their operation. .

[0050] The charging behavior and route selection of electric vehicles should be guided by the energy-carbon integrated price.

[0051] The carbon flow tracing and allocation method based on power flow calculation proposed in this invention is applied to power-transport coupled networks to trace the carbon emissions of electric vehicle charging behavior. Specifically, the transportation network provides the predicted charging demand distribution to the distribution network; the connection relationships of all buses (nodes) and transmission lines (branches) are obtained, power flow calculation is performed to obtain the real-time or day-ahead scheduling plan from the distribution system operator (DSO) and the carbon intensity of each generation unit; then, according to the carbon flow tracing and allocation method based on power flow calculation proposed in this invention, the carbon intensity of all nodes is calculated; a location carbon price is generated based on the carbon intensity of all nodes, and it is combined with the electricity price to form an energy-carbon composite price, which is sent to the transportation network; electric vehicle users, upon receiving the energy-carbon composite price, tend to choose charging stations with lower energy-carbon composite prices (usually corresponding to nodes with lower NCIs) for charging, thus obtaining the electric vehicle charging demand optimized based on the energy-carbon composite price. Based on the charging demand of electric vehicles, power flow calculation and carbon flow tracking calculation are re-performed, the energy-carbon composite price is updated, and the above process is iteratively executed until the changes in the energy-carbon composite price and charging demand are both less than the preset threshold, thus achieving a system equilibrium state.

[0052] The CEF-based energy-carbon integrated pricing mechanism can identify generating units in high-node carbon intensity (NCI) areas. Under the same carbon tax policy, incentivizing them to reduce power generation can achieve better emission reduction results. This invention can realize the calculation and updating of carbon emission factors for urban power grids within 30 minutes (currently, calculations are generally done hourly or monthly); and can realize the carbon emission factor accounting for major substation areas of 110kV and / or 35kV in urban power grids. Compared with existing authoritative methods, the calculation results of the method proposed in this invention reduce the average deviation rate by more than 15%, or control the total carbon emission accounting error within ±10%. In addition, the carbon emission factor calculation results can be updated and made available to the public within 15 minutes based on the latest power grid operation data.

[0053] Example 2: Based on Example 1, this embodiment of the invention provides a carbon flow tracking and allocation system based on power flow calculation, which can be used to implement the carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation as described in the foregoing embodiments. The system includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire power flow data of the distribution network based on the topology of the distribution network. The nodal carbon intensity calculation module is used to obtain the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus based on the power flow data of the distribution network. The carbon flow tracing module is used to obtain the branch carbon intensity of each branch based on the carbon intensity of each node of the distribution network bus, thereby realizing carbon flow tracing. The carbon emission allocation module is used to calculate the carbon flow velocity of each branch based on the branch carbon intensity, and then allocate the carbon emission responsibility of each load point in the distribution network according to the carbon flow velocity.

[0054] According to embodiments of the present invention, the present invention also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation as described in Embodiment 1 above.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, the readable storage medium may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation as described in Embodiment 1 above.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation as described in Embodiment 1 above.

[0058] The program code used to implement the methods of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, as a standalone software package partially on the machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0059] In the context of this invention, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. Machine-readable media can include, but are not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0060] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device for displaying information to the user (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor); and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0061] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as a data server), or computing systems that include middleware components (e.g., an application server), or computing systems that include frontend components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or web browser through which a user can interact with embodiments of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the Internet.

[0062] Computer systems can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact via communication networks. Client-server relationships are created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. Servers can be cloud servers, servers in distributed systems, or servers incorporating blockchain technology.

[0063] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are intended to help the reader understand the principles of the invention, and should be understood that the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations based on the technical teachings disclosed in this invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and combinations are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: According to the topology structure of the power distribution network, the power flow data of the power distribution network is obtained; According to the power flow data of the power distribution network, the node carbon intensity of each node of the bus of the power distribution network is obtained; According to the node carbon intensity of each node of the bus of the power distribution network, the branch carbon intensity of each branch is obtained, and carbon flow tracking is realized; According to the branch carbon intensity of each branch, the carbon flow velocity of each branch is calculated, and then the carbon emission responsibility of each load point in the power distribution network is distributed according to the carbon flow velocity.

2. The carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The topology structure of the power distribution network is a radial topology, and the topology structure data of the power distribution network includes a bus node set and a power transmission line set; The power flow data includes the active power and reactive power of each node of the bus of the power distribution network, and the active power and power loss of each branch.

3. The carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation formula of the node carbon intensity of the bus of the power distribution network is: wherein, denotes the carbon intensity at the distribution grid bus node denotes the active power injection at the distribution grid bus node denotes the injected carbon emission density at the distribution grid bus node denotes the active power on the transmission line denotes the power loss on the transmission line denotes the branch carbon flow density on the transmission line denotes the distribution grid bus node index denotes the set of distribution grid bus nodes denotes the parent node of the distribution grid bus node denotes the parent node of the distribution grid bus node​​​​​​ 4. The carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation according to claim 3, characterized in that, Power losses on power transmission lines The formula for calculating the power loss is wherein denotes the resistance on the power transmission line denotes the current square value on the power transmission line denotes the current square value on the power transmission line​ 5. The carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation formula of the branch carbon intensity of each branch is: wherein, represents the active power on the transmission line outgoing from the node, represents the carbon intensity at the distribution grid bus node outgoing from the node, represents the carbon intensity at the distribution grid bus node outgoing from the node, represents the active power on the transmission line on the transmission line.

6. The carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation formula of the carbon flow velocity of each branch is: wherein, represents the carbon emission flow rate on the power transmission line , represents the active power on the power transmission line , represents the branch carbon intensity of the outgoing node on the power transmission line , represents the carbon emission flow rate on the power transmission line caused by power loss, represents the power loss on the power transmission line .

7. The carbon flow tracking and allocation method based on power flow calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for distributing the carbon emission responsibility of each load point in the power distribution network according to the carbon flow velocity is specifically: based on the proportional sharing assumption, the load carbon emission of each bus node in the power distribution network is proportionally shared by all energy flows injected into the bus node.

8. A carbon flow tracking and allocation system based on power flow calculation, characterized in that, It comprises: A data acquisition module is configured to obtain power flow data of a power distribution network according to a topology structure of the power distribution network; A node carbon intensity calculation module is configured to obtain node carbon intensity of each node of a bus of the power distribution network according to the power flow data of the power distribution network; A carbon flow tracking module is configured to obtain branch carbon intensity of each branch according to the node carbon intensity of each node of the bus of the power distribution network, and realize carbon flow tracking; A carbon emission distribution module is configured to calculate carbon flow velocity of each branch according to the branch carbon intensity of each branch, and then distribute carbon emission responsibility of each load point in the power distribution network according to the carbon flow velocity.

9. An electronic device, comprising: It comprises: At least one processor; and a memory connected in communication with the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to execute the method of any one of claims 1-7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions, wherein, The computer instructions are used to make the computer execute the method of any one of claims 1-7.

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