Photovoltaic power generation device

Abstract

A photovoltaic power generation device disclosed by the present invention comprises at least one power generation unit, a plurality of power generation units are arranged in rows or columns, each power generation unit comprises a base assembly, a moving assembly, a rotating assembly and a photovoltaic assembly, and the moving assembly can linearly move on the base assembly; the rotating assembly is arranged on the moving assembly and moves along with the moving assembly, and the rotating assembly can rotate relative to the moving assembly; the photovoltaic assembly comprises a mounting frame, energy storage photovoltaic panels and power generation photovoltaic panels, the mounting frame is fixedly connected with the rotating assembly, the energy storage photovoltaic panels are arranged on the upper portion of the mounting frame, the two power generation photovoltaic panels are arranged on the two sides of the lower portion of the mounting frame respectively, and sunlight receiving faces of the two power generation photovoltaic panels are located in different planes to receive different sunlight radiation quantities; and the driving current is respectively connected in series with the electric parts of the moving assembly and the rotating assembly so as to drive the moving assembly to move to realize automatic shade avoidance and drive the rotating assembly to rotate to realize sun tracking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation device technology, and specifically to a photovoltaic power generation device. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, renewable energy has developed rapidly, and solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation technology has become increasingly important in the renewable energy structure. The efficiency of a PV power generation system largely depends on the intensity and duration of solar radiation received by the PV panels. To improve solar energy capture efficiency, solar tracking and automatic shade protection technologies are widely used in PV power generation systems.

[0003] Existing photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems typically employ solar tracking methods such as photosensors, timing controllers, or GPS locators. While these methods achieve tracking functionality, the addition of these instruments complicates the system structure, increases costs, and necessitates external power supplies or control signals. Furthermore, in PV systems with multi-row photovoltaic arrays, the front rows of panels can shade the rear rows, causing some cells to overheat and form "hot spots." This often leads to the addition of shading detection sensors, further increasing the complexity and cost of the PV system. Therefore, designing a simple, low-cost PV power generation device that requires no external power supply and enables both solar tracking and autonomous shading is of paramount importance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and propose a photovoltaic power generation device that, based on achieving solar tracking and autonomous shading, solves the technical problems of existing photovoltaic power generation devices being complex in structure, high in cost, and dependent on external power sources.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A photovoltaic power generation device, comprising: At least one power generation unit, and multiple power generation units arranged in rows or columns, each power generation unit comprising: Base assembly; A movable component, which is capable of linear motion on the base assembly; A rotating component is disposed on and moves with the moving component, and the rotating component is rotatable relative to the moving component; A photovoltaic module includes a mounting frame, an energy storage photovoltaic panel, and a power generation photovoltaic panel. The mounting frame is fixedly connected to the rotating component. The energy storage photovoltaic panel is disposed on the upper part of the mounting frame. Two power generation photovoltaic panels are respectively disposed on the lower two sides of the mounting frame. The solar receiving surfaces of the two power generation photovoltaic panels are located in different planes to receive different amounts of solar radiation, thereby generating a voltage difference to form a driving current. This driving current is connected in series with the electrical components of the moving component and the rotating component to drive the moving component to move and achieve autonomous shading, and to drive the rotating component to rotate and achieve solar tracking. The multiple power generation units are connected in parallel.

[0006] In some embodiments, the angle between the solar receiving surfaces of the two photovoltaic panels is 100° to 150°.

[0007] In some embodiments, the mounting frame includes a first base plate, a second base plate, long columns, short columns, short crossbars, and long crossbars. The first base plate is fixed to the rotating assembly. Two long columns and one short column are vertically arranged in a triangular shape on the first base plate. One side of the second base plate passes through the two long columns. The two ends of the long crossbar are fixedly connected to the tops of the two long columns, respectively. The two ends of the two short crossbars are fixedly connected to the long columns and the short columns, respectively. The energy storage photovoltaic panel is disposed on the second base plate, and the two power generation photovoltaic panels are respectively disposed between the first base plate and the two short crossbars.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first substrate has a first placement groove for placing the power generation photovoltaic panel, and the second substrate has a second placement groove for placing the energy storage photovoltaic panel.

[0009] In some embodiments, the mounting bracket further includes reinforcing rods, a plurality of reinforcing rods being disposed between the long column and the short column, and both ends of the reinforcing rods being fixedly connected to the long column and the short column, respectively.

[0010] In some embodiments, the rotating assembly includes a first drive motor, a first drive gear, a transmission gear, a rotating shaft, and a bearing. The bearing is mounted on the moving assembly. One end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket. The transmission gear is sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft and meshes with the first drive gear. The first drive gear is connected to the first drive motor, and the first drive motor is electrically connected to the drive current.

[0011] In some embodiments, the moving component includes a tray, a connecting plate, a rack, a second drive gear, a second drive motor, and rollers. Four rollers are respectively disposed at the four corners of the bottom of the tray. The rack is slidably disposed on the base assembly. The rack is fixedly connected to the tray through the connecting plate. The rack meshes with the second drive gear. The second drive gear is connected to the second drive motor. The second drive motor is electrically connected to the drive current.

[0012] In some embodiments, the base assembly includes a base plate, a slide bar, and a guide bar. The slide bar is fixed to the middle of the base plate, the guide bar is disposed on the base plate, and the two sides of the guide bar are respectively abutted to a set of right-angled sides of the slide bar. The rack is slidably disposed on the slide bar.

[0013] In some embodiments, the base assembly further includes slide rails, with two slide rails symmetrically arranged on the base plate on both sides of the slide bar, and the rollers cooperating with the slide rails.

[0014] In some embodiments, a switching assembly is further included, the switching assembly including a first switch and a second switch, the first switch and the second switch being respectively disposed on the moving assembly and the rotating assembly, and the first switch and the second switch being electrically connected to the driving current.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention mainly include: This invention provides a photovoltaic power generation device. A rotating component drives the photovoltaic modules to rotate, achieving solar tracking. A moving component enables the rotating component and photovoltaic modules to move linearly on a base component, achieving automatic shading. Furthermore, by placing the solar-receiving surfaces of the two photovoltaic panels in different planes to receive different amounts of solar radiation, a voltage difference is generated, forming a driving current that serves as the power source for the moving and rotating components. Thus, the photovoltaic power generation device provided by this invention eliminates the need for expensive photosensitive sensors, computing controllers, and GPS modules, reducing manufacturing costs and simplifying the system significantly, while also saving on maintenance costs. Simultaneously, the photovoltaic power generation device provided by this invention does not rely on an external power source or complex control unit, achieving energy self-sufficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic power generation device described in this invention; Figure 2 This is another overall structural schematic diagram of the photovoltaic power generation device described in this invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic power generation device of the present invention without the base assembly.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100. Base assembly; 110. Base plate; 120. Sliding bar; 130. Guide bar; 140. Slide rail; 200, moving component; 210, pallet; 220, connecting plate; 230, rack; 240, second drive gear; 250, second drive motor; 260, roller. 300. Rotating component; 310. Transmission gear; 320. Shaft; 330. Bearing; 400. Photovoltaic module; 410. Mounting frame; 411. First substrate; 4111. First placement slot; 412. Second substrate; 4121. Second placement slot; 413. Long column; 414. Short column; 415. Short crossbar; 416. Long crossbar; 417. Reinforcing bar; 420. Energy storage photovoltaic panel; 430. Power generation photovoltaic panel. 500. Switch assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] Please refer to the following: Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a photovoltaic power generation device, including at least one power generation unit, with multiple power generation units arranged in a row or column. Each power generation unit includes a base assembly 100, a moving assembly 200, a rotating assembly 300, and a photovoltaic module 400. The moving assembly 200 is capable of linear motion on the base assembly 100; the rotating assembly 300 is mounted on the moving assembly 200 and moves with it, and the rotating assembly 300 is capable of rotating relative to the moving assembly 200; the photovoltaic module 400 includes a mounting frame 410, an energy storage photovoltaic panel 420, and a power generation photovoltaic panel 430. The mounting frame 410 is fixedly connected to the rotating component 300. The energy storage photovoltaic panel 420 is disposed on the upper part of the mounting frame 410, and the two power generation photovoltaic panels 430 are respectively disposed on the lower two sides of the mounting frame 410. The solar receiving surfaces of the two power generation photovoltaic panels 430 are located in different planes to receive different amounts of solar radiation, thereby generating a voltage difference to form a driving current. This driving current is connected in series with the electrical components of the moving component 200 and the rotating component 300 to drive the moving component 200 to move and achieve autonomous shading, and to drive the rotating component 300 to rotate and achieve solar tracking.

[0020] This invention enables solar tracking by rotating the photovoltaic module 400 via a rotating component 300; and by moving the rotating component 200, it enables the rotating component 300 and the photovoltaic module 400 to move linearly on the base component 100, achieving automatic shading. Furthermore, by arranging the solar-receiving surfaces of the two photovoltaic panels 430 in different planes to receive different amounts of solar radiation, a voltage difference is generated to form a driving current, which serves as the power source for the movement of the moving component 200 and the rotating component 300. Thus, the photovoltaic power generation device provided by this invention eliminates the need for expensive photosensitive sensors, computing controllers, and GPS modules, reducing manufacturing costs and simplifying the system significantly by eliminating the complexity associated with these components, thus saving on subsequent maintenance costs. Simultaneously, the photovoltaic power generation device provided by this invention does not rely on an external power source or complex control unit, achieving energy self-sufficiency.

[0021] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the power generation unit comprises two units connected in parallel. The structure and working principle of one of the power generation units will be described in detail below; the structure and working principle of the other power generation unit are the same.

[0022] In one embodiment, the angle between the solar receiving surfaces of the two photovoltaic panels 430 is 100° to 150°, preferably 120° in this embodiment. This design ensures that the amount of solar radiation received by the two photovoltaic panels 430 will be different when they are not facing the sun directly.

[0023] In one embodiment, the mounting frame 410 includes a first substrate 411, a second substrate 412, long columns 413, short columns 414, short crossbars 415, and long crossbars 416. The first substrate 411 is fixed to the rotating assembly 300, specifically to the rotating shaft 320. Two long columns 413 and one short column 414 are vertically arranged in a triangular shape on the first substrate 411. One side of the second substrate 412 passes through the two long columns 413. The two ends of the long crossbar 416 are fixedly connected to the tops of the two long columns 413, respectively. The two ends of the two short crossbars 415 are fixedly connected to the long columns 413 and the short columns 414, respectively. The energy storage photovoltaic panel 420 is disposed on the second substrate 412, and the two power generation photovoltaic panels 430 are respectively disposed between the first substrate 411 and the two short crossbars 415.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first substrate 411 is formed with a first placement groove 4111 for placing the power generation photovoltaic panel 430, and the second substrate 412 is formed with a second placement groove 4121 for placing the energy storage photovoltaic panel 420.

[0025] In one embodiment, the mounting bracket 410 further includes reinforcing rods 417, a plurality of reinforcing rods 417 being disposed between the long column 413 and the short column 414, and the two ends of the reinforcing rods 417 being fixedly connected to the long column 413 and the short column 414 respectively.

[0026] In one embodiment, the rotating assembly 300 includes a first drive motor (not shown), a first drive gear (not shown), a transmission gear 310, a rotating shaft 320, and a bearing 330. The bearing 330 is mounted on the moving assembly 200. One end of the rotating shaft 320 is rotatably connected to the bearing 330, and the other end of the rotating shaft 320 is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 410. The transmission gear 310 is sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 320 and meshes with the first drive gear. The first drive gear is connected to the first drive motor, and the first drive motor is electrically connected to the drive current.

[0027] In this embodiment, the driving current generated by the two photovoltaic panels 430 is used as the power source to start the first drive motor, which drives the first drive gear to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission gear 310 to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating shaft 320 to rotate, thereby driving the mounting bracket 410 to be installed.

[0028] In one embodiment, the moving component 200 includes a support plate 210, a connecting plate 220, a rack 230, a second drive gear 240, a second drive motor 250, and rollers 260. The four rollers 260 are respectively disposed at the four corners of the bottom of the support plate 210. The rack 230 is slidably disposed on the base component 100. The rack 230 is fixedly connected to the support plate 210 through the connecting plate 220. The rack 230 meshes with the second drive gear 240. The second drive gear 240 is connected to the second drive motor 250. The second drive motor 250 is electrically connected to the drive motor.

[0029] In this embodiment, the driving current generated by the two photovoltaic panels 430 is used as the power source to start the second drive motor 250, which drives the second drive gear 240 to rotate, thereby driving the rack 230 to move on the base assembly 100, thereby driving the rotating component 300 to perform linear motion on the base assembly 100.

[0030] In one embodiment, the base assembly 100 includes a base plate 110, a slide bar 120, and a guide bar 130. The slide bar 120 is fixed to the middle of the base plate 110, the guide bar 130 is disposed on the base plate, and the two sides of the guide bar 130 are respectively attached to a set of right-angled sides of the slide bar 120. The rack 230 is slidably disposed on the slide bar 120.

[0031] In one embodiment, the base assembly 100 further includes slide rails 140, two slide rails 140 are symmetrically arranged on the base plates 110 on both sides of the slide bar 120, and the rollers 260 are connected to the slide rails 140.

[0032] In this embodiment, the sliding bar 120 and the rack 230 are designed to facilitate the movement of the rack 230 on the base plate 110, while the two slide rails 140 provide guidance for the movement of the roller 260 on the base plate 110.

[0033] In one embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation device further includes a switching assembly 500, which includes a first switch and a second switch. The first switch and the second switch are respectively disposed on the moving assembly 200 and the rotating assembly 300, and the first switch and the second switch are respectively electrically connected to the driving current.

[0034] The working principle of the photovoltaic power generation device provided by this invention includes: 1. Solar tracking mode: The entire device (including two power generation units) can be regarded as a parallel circuit. The two photovoltaic panels 430 in any power generation unit are two parallel "power sources" of the circuit. The electrical components of the rotating component 300 and the moving component 200 in this power generation unit are connected in series with the two power sources and are equipped with a positive and negative switch.

[0035] When sunlight deviates from the optimal irradiation angle, for any given power generation unit, the two photovoltaic panels 430 receive different amounts of solar radiation due to slight differences in orientation, resulting in a deviation in their output voltage. After the positive and negative terminals of the two photovoltaic panels 430 are cross-connected, this voltage difference will form a driving current. This driving current is directly fed into the power generation unit, and the first drive motor will then start, driving the entire device to rotate in the direction that eliminates this voltage difference. When the device rotates until the two photovoltaic panels 430 are facing the sun and their light-receiving surfaces are aligned, the voltage difference disappears, the current is interrupted, and the motor stops rotating, thereby achieving high-precision solar tracking.

[0036] 2. Autonomous Shading Mode: When two power generation units are about to shade each other during movement or due to initial layout reasons (for example, the first power generation unit will shade the second power generation unit), a voltage difference is formed between the shaded power generation unit and the shading power generation unit, which in turn drives the current. This driving current drives the second drive motor 250 to rotate, causing the entire device to move in the opposite direction of the tracking direction or a specific avoidance direction until the mutual shading is eliminated. The photovoltaic panels 430 of both power generation units then resume uniform sunlight exposure, and the system re-enters the solar tracking mode.

[0037] 3. Energy storage mode: While the above-mentioned solar tracking mode and autonomous shade avoidance mode are operating, the energy storage photovoltaic panel 420 will perform rapid energy storage.

[0038] This invention provides a photovoltaic power generation device for practical application. For example, in a high-rise residential building in a hot-summer, cold-winter climate zone, the photovoltaic power generation device provided by this invention is placed on the building's roof system. Six photovoltaic panels (four 130 mm × 60 mm and two 80 mm × 80 mm) are placed on the mounting frame 410 of this device, and the entire device is installed on the roof. Continuous monitoring revealed that after sunrise, the device begins to slowly rotate, actively tracking the sun's position. Its rotation is smooth, and it continuously makes fine adjustments throughout the day to ensure the photovoltaic panel surface is always at the optimal solar azimuth angle, significantly increasing the power generation of the photovoltaic panels. When the simulated front array shades the rear array, the shaded power generation unit quickly activates, and its moving component 200 immediately moves, driving the entire rotating component 300 and photovoltaic component 400 to move until they are completely out of the shadow area. The entire process requires no manual intervention, and the system automatically returns to solar tracking mode after completion. In addition, thermal imaging reveals that in traditional fixed installations, partially shaded photovoltaic panels will produce obvious localized high-temperature spots (hot spots). However, during operation, this device avoids shading in time, ensuring that the temperature distribution on the photovoltaic panel surface remains uniform, effectively protecting the photovoltaic modules and preventing performance degradation and potential damage caused by hot spots.

[0039] In summary, the photovoltaic power generation device provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This device can fully utilize the voltage difference generated between photovoltaic panels as the driving signal and power source, without relying on external power sources or complex control units, thus achieving energy self-sufficiency; by tracking the sun in real time, it enables the photovoltaic panels to continuously maintain the optimal solar azimuth angle, significantly improving the solar radiation capture efficiency and power generation, and facilitating faster energy storage.

[0040] 2. Each power generation unit achieves solar tracking and automatic shading through the moving component 200 and the rotating component 300, eliminating the need for expensive components such as photosensitive sensors, computing controllers and GPS modules, greatly simplifying the system structure and reducing manufacturing costs and subsequent maintenance expenses.

[0041] 3. The device ingeniously combines the functions of "solar tracking" and "autonomous shading avoidance". It can be used to track the sun and identify the shading of adjacent arrays by utilizing the voltage difference. Once shaded, the system can automatically adjust its position to avoid the shadow, effectively preventing the hot spot effect, protecting the photovoltaic panels, and optimizing the power output of the overall array.

[0042] 4. Due to the reduced reliance on external electronic components, the system has fewer points of failure, making it more suitable for various outdoor environments, especially in remote or harsh conditions, where it exhibits higher stability and reliability.

[0043] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power generation device, characterized by comprising: The utility model relates to a photovoltaic power generation system, comprising: at least one power generation unit, a plurality of said power generation units are arranged in rows or columns, each said power generation unit comprises: a base assembly; a moving assembly capable of linear motion on the base assembly; a rotating assembly provided on the moving assembly and driven thereby, and capable of rotating relative to the moving assembly; a photovoltaic assembly comprising a mounting frame, an energy storage photovoltaic panel and power generation photovoltaic panels, the mounting frame is fixedly connected with the rotating assembly, the energy storage photovoltaic panel is provided on the upper part of the mounting frame, two power generation photovoltaic panels are respectively provided on the lower part of the two sides of the mounting frame, the sunlight receiving surfaces of the two power generation photovoltaic panels are located in different planes to receive different amounts of solar radiation, thereby generating a voltage difference to form a driving current, which is connected in series with the electrical devices of the moving assembly and the rotating assembly respectively to drive the moving assembly to move to achieve self-shading avoidance and drive the rotating assembly to rotate to achieve sun tracking; wherein a plurality of said power generation units are connected in parallel.

2. The photovoltaic power device of claim 1, wherein, The angle between the sunlight receiving surfaces of the two power generation photovoltaic panels is 100°-150°.

3. The photovoltaic power device of claim 1, wherein, The mounting frame comprises a first base plate, a second base plate, long upright columns, short upright columns, short crossbars and long crossbars, the first base plate is fixed on the rotating assembly, two long upright columns and a short upright column are vertically arranged in a triangular shape on the first base plate, one side edge of the second base plate passes through the two long upright columns, the two ends of the long crossbar are fixedly connected with the top parts of the two long upright columns, the two ends of the two short crossbars are fixedly connected with the long upright columns and the short upright columns, the energy storage photovoltaic panel is arranged on the second base plate, and the two power generation photovoltaic panels are arranged between the first base plate and the two short crossbars.

4. The photovoltaic power device of claim 3, wherein, The first base plate is formed with a first placement groove for placing the power generation photovoltaic panels, and the second base plate is formed with a second placement groove for placing the energy storage photovoltaic panel.

5. The photovoltaic power device of claim 4, wherein, The mounting frame further comprises reinforcing rods, a plurality of said reinforcing rods are arranged between the long upright columns and the short upright columns, and the two ends of the reinforcing rods are fixedly connected with the long upright columns and the short upright columns respectively.

6. The photovoltaic power device of claim 1, wherein, The rotating assembly comprises a first drive motor, a first drive gear, a transmission gear, a rotating shaft and a bearing, the bearing is mounted on the moving assembly, one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the bearing, the other end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the mounting frame, the transmission gear is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, the transmission gear is engaged with the first drive gear, the first drive gear is connected with the first drive motor, and the first drive motor is electrically connected with the driving current.

7. The photovoltaic power device of claim 1, wherein, The moving assembly comprises a supporting plate, a connecting plate, a rack, a second drive gear, a second drive motor and rollers, four rollers are respectively arranged at the four corners of the bottom of the supporting plate, the rack is slidably arranged on the base assembly, the rack is fixedly connected with the supporting plate through the connecting plate, the rack is engaged with the second drive gear, the second drive gear is connected with the second drive motor, and the second drive motor is electrically connected with the driving current.

8. The photovoltaic power device of claim 7, wherein, The base assembly comprises a base plate, a sliding strip fixed to the middle of the base plate, and a guide strip arranged on the base plate and having two side edges respectively abutting a group of right-angle edges of the sliding strip, and the rack is slidingly arranged on the sliding strip.

9. The photovoltaic power device of claim 8, wherein, The base assembly further comprises sliding rails symmetrically arranged on the base plate on both sides of the sliding strip, and the rollers are connected with the sliding rails.

10. The photovoltaic power device of claim 1, wherein, The base assembly further comprises a switch assembly comprising a first switch and a second switch, the first switch and the second switch are respectively arranged on the moving assembly and the rotating assembly, and the first switch and the second switch are respectively electrically connected with the driving current.

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