Solar power generation interlayer dimming glass and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides solar power generation interlayer dimming glass as well as a preparation method and application thereof, relates to the technical field of functional glass preparation, and is suitable for scenes such as automobile skyscreens. The glass is sequentially composed of a first glass substrate, a bonding layer, a functional layer, a second bonding layer and a second glass substrate, the functional layer adopts a modular partition design, a photoelectric conversion module, a PDLC dimming module and a segmented protection module are integrated, and function integration and structural stability are both considered. The problems that in the prior art, a battery piece is prone to cracking, the number of piece combining defects is large, functional parts are difficult to position, and edge sealing durability is poor are effectively solved, cooperation of intelligent dimming and photoelectric conversion functions is achieved, the attaching yield and the structural stability are remarkably improved, weather resistance and impact resistance are matched with a vehicle-mounted environment, and the device can be integrated into a vehicle-mounted intelligent system and can be applied to the vehicle-mounted intelligent system. And the driving experience and the energy utilization efficiency are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of functional glass preparation, and particularly relates to a solar power generation interlayer light-adjustable glass, a preparation method thereof and application. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the current preparation process of solar energy automobile interlayer glass, the battery sheet is prone to deviation, stacking or cracking during high-temperature and high-pressure sheet bonding, affecting the appearance and power generation performance. The battery sheet is mostly a brittle material, which is difficult to adapt to the deformation requirements of curved glass and is prone to hidden cracks or fragmentation. In addition, the existing edge sealing technology (such as butyl rubber) cannot effectively block water and oxygen, and it is difficult to meet the long-term outdoor use requirements. The whole PVB film bonding method has problems such as large edge cutting loss, easy generation of wrinkles and bubbles, low material utilization rate, etc. EVA, POE and other bonding materials are not as good as PVB in terms of mechanical properties and ultraviolet resistance, but their flow control is difficult, which can easily lead to uneven thickness and defects. At the same time, the PDLC light-adjustable module and the battery sheet need to be precisely positioned, and the existing process cannot realize efficient edge sealing and adaptation to complex structures, which restricts the production yield and customization development.

[0003] Patent CN 220044082 U discloses an edge sealing structure of a thin film type solar cell, which has a groove between two glass substrates to form a cavity structure. With the combined action of an organic sealing structure adhesive layer and an inorganic glassy adhesive material layer, the water and oxygen tightness of the perovskite thin film type solar cell glass module can be effectively achieved. However, compared with ordinary glass, the glass with a groove is more complex to process, is prone to breakage due to stress concentration, and affects the optical quality. In the scheme disclosed in patent CN 115763598 B, multiple solar cell sheets are connected by Z-shaped solder strips to reduce the stress concentration caused by the solder strips pressing on the solar cell sheets, thereby avoiding cracks and hidden cracks in the solar cell sheets. However, if there is a virtual weld, insufficient solder or an oxidation layer at the welding point of the solder strip and the battery sheet, a high contact resistance will be formed, resulting in efficiency loss.

[0004] In summary, although the conventional technology has made certain progress in the design of solar cell interlayer glass, the solar cell sealing process and the solar cell and glass bonding process, it still faces problems such as easy cracking of the battery sheet, generation of bubbles and uneven thickness during the sheet bonding process, and inability to position functional components. In addition, the function is single and cannot meet the mainstream needs of customers. With the continuous progress of technology and the increasing diversification of consumer demand, these technologies still need to be further improved and optimized. SUMMARY

[0005] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a solar power sandwich light control glass, which solves the problems of easy breakage of solar power sandwich light control glass cell in the process of cell combination, mismatching of intermediate film fitting, unreasonable edge sealing at the joint, difficulty in positioning of functional parts, common bubbles and uneven thickness in cell combination, and realizes complete packaging and stable interface of the whole glass.

[0006] The second purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of the solar power sandwich light control glass.

[0007] The third purpose of the present application is to provide an application of the solar power sandwich light control glass in the field of automobile glass.

[0008] The purposes of the present application can be realized by the following technical solutions. A solar power sandwich light control glass comprises a first glass substrate, a first adhesive layer, a functional layer, a second adhesive layer and a second glass substrate.

[0009] Further, the functional layer is arranged between the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer, and comprises a photoelectric conversion module, a PDLC light control module and a segmented protection module, and adopts a modular partition design.

[0010] Further, the functional layer adopts a segmented film laying and combining process, and different glue sheet splicing structures are used for the packaging cell area and the non-cell area.

[0011] Further, the photoelectric conversion module includes meandering placement or centralized placement according to the position of the cell.

[0012] Further, the photoelectric conversion module comprises a solar cell piece divided by laser cutting, which is divided into smaller size (30-50mm long rectangular side length) to reduce stress, and has a thickness of 150-200μm, and is subjected to a three-level sealing process of cell edge sealing, lead wire welding point packaging and structure groove embedding to strengthen the packaging and ensure the water vapor barrier rate.

[0013] Further, the three-level sealing process comprises the following steps: (1) Cell edge sealing: laser cutting divides the large size cell piece with a thickness of 150-200μm into small size (30-50mm long rectangular side length) cell pieces, plasma cleaning is used to remove the cutting debris at the edge of the cell piece, and a coating with a viscosity of 5000-8000mPa UV-curable silicone rubber forms a 0.2-0.3mm thick adhesive layer; a 10-25µm thick PI protective film is then laminated at 80℃-120℃, 0.1MPa-0.25MPa, and for 30s-60s. Ensure edge moisture barrier ratio > 1 g / (m² day); (2) Solder joint encapsulation: The solder joints of the busbar and the lead wire are first coated with anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACF, contact resistance <5mΩ) to achieve conductivity, and then coated with 1-2mm wide butyl rubber sealant, which is then heat-cured at 90-110℃ to form a waterproof isolation strip; (3) Lead wire embedding and sealing: The lead wire is placed in a non-visible area of ​​≥5mm on the edge of the glass. A groove is pre-cut in the PVB layer. The groove width is 0.5-2mm larger than the wire diameter and the depth is 0.1-1.5mm. After embedding, a low-modulus silicone rubber sealing line with a width of 0.5-1mm is set at the edge of the groove. Pre-bonding and fixing are achieved through gradient pressurization, that is, the initial pressure stage in the lamination process. Then, the PVB and sealant are heated and pressurized in an autoclave (the temperature rises from room temperature to 105℃, and as the temperature rises, the pressure rises to 3.5-5.0 bar. After that, the temperature rises to 120-150℃ and the pressure is increased by 10-12 bar). The temperature is maintained at 120-150℃ and the pressure is 10-12 bar for 30-50 minutes. The temperature is then reduced and the pressure is released (the temperature is 40-50℃ and the pressure is released). This achieves the co-encapsulation of PVB and sealant. Furthermore, the solar cell module uses one of monocrystalline silicon, perovskite, cadmium telluride, or copper indium gallium selenide cells, with a flexible buffer layer covering the surface. The flexible buffer layer is made of silicone or polyurethane material and has a thickness of 0.05-0.2mm, which is used to relieve mechanical stress and prevent brittle cells from breaking.

[0014] Furthermore, the PDLC dimming module is located in the middle of the functional layer, and its driving power can be provided by the photoelectric conversion module; the PDLC dimming module consists of a first transparent conductive layer, a PDLC functional layer, and a second transparent conductive layer in sequence; the materials of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are MDSN stacked disordered nano silver layers or indium tin oxide.

[0015] Furthermore, the segmented protection module fills the non-battery and non-dimming areas of the functional layer, and uses different PVB films that match the physical properties of the photoelectric area and the dimming area for segmented splicing and bonding; a low-shrinkage composite film is used under the battery cell, a high-viscosity nano-SiO2 flow-blocking film is used at the edge, and standard PVB is used in the blank area.

[0016] Furthermore, the first and second adhesive layers include a PVB film pretreated with constant temperature and humidity, which achieves tight adhesion to the functional layers through a controlled flow strategy.

[0017] Furthermore, the PVB film includes a PVB film containing ultraviolet blocking masterbatch and a PVB film containing hollow glass microspheres and potassium silicate gel for heat and sound insulation.

[0018] Furthermore, the constant temperature and humidity pretreatment involves standing for 18-24 hours at 18-25℃ and RH 20%~55%.

[0019] Furthermore, the fluidity strategy includes stepped heating and pressurization (the high-pressure stage of the lamination process) and vacuum pre-pressurization (the initial pressing stage of the lamination process); the pre-pressurization stage reaches 10... 2 KPa-level vacuum combined with edge evacuation; stepped heating and pressurization matched to the PVB viscosity decay curve to control PVB flowability; viscosity characteristics matched to the process curve. =3×10 4 -5×10 4 Pa s, k = 0.015 - 0.02 min -1 Its fluidity is controllable when it melts at high temperatures.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes a precision positioning system, on which a cross-shaped target positioning mark made of silver paste is set on the ink layer on the inner surface (second glass surface) of the second glass substrate by high-precision printing, for pre-bonding and precise alignment of the photoelectric conversion module and the PDLC dimming module.

[0021] Furthermore, the crosshair target has a width of 0.2-0.5mm, a length of 2-5mm, and a center positioning accuracy of ±0.05mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the edges of the solar power generation laminated dimming glass can be reinforced and sealed using a PU edge-wrapping process. This involves sequentially coating a butyl rubber base layer, UV-cured silicone rubber, and an aluminum edge-wrapping strip to form multiple layers of protection, significantly improving the impact resistance and sealing performance of the edges.

[0023] A method for preparing solar power generation laminated smart glass includes the following steps: S1. Glass pretreatment and positioning marks: Grind and clean the edges of two glass substrates; perform secondary printing on the second glass surface, first print the ink layer and dry it, then perform secondary printing, use silver paste to print high-precision cross target positioning marks on it, then sinter the ink layer and silver paste positioning marks at high temperature, press and form into semi-finished glass. S2. Functional layer preparation and pretreatment: The solar cell is laser-cut into sections, and the cut edges are plasma-cleaned and sealed with UV-cured silicone rubber; the lead wire solder joints of the solar cell are double-encapsulated with conductive glue and sealant, and pre-embedded in matching grooves laser-cut on the PVB film. S3. Segmented Film Laying and Pre-positioning: Based on the pre-designed partitions, PVB films with different functions are customized using laser cutting and CNC cutting; using the positioning marks on the second glass surface as a reference, the customized films for the photoelectric conversion area, PDLC dimming area and segmented protection area are sequentially vacuum adsorbed and bonded, with a 0.5-1mm gap reserved between adjacent films; then, hot pressing is performed for preliminary fixation, and the seams are naturally filled by PVB in the subsequent high-pressure lamination; S4. Pre-pressing: The pre-positioned functional layer is stacked with the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, placed in a rubber ring, and more than 70% of the air between the glass and the functional layer is removed and the edges are sealed to achieve pre-bonding between the glass and the functional layer.

[0024] S5. Staged hot pressing and lamination: The pre-pressed semi-finished glass is sent into an autoclave and laminated using a gradient heating and step pressurization process curve. The flowability and cross-linking curing of PVB are precisely controlled to ensure that air bubbles are completely eliminated, the thickness is uniform, and the interface is firmly bonded.

[0025] S6, Edge Packaging (Optional): The edges of the assembled glass assembly are wrapped with PU, and then sealed with sealing material and cured to form the final product.

[0026] An application of solar-powered laminated dimming glass, specifically in the automotive glass industry.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) This invention provides a solar power generation laminated dimming glass that integrates a composite dimming film and a solar cell film. Through solar cell power generation, voltage reduction conversion, battery energy storage and dimming voltage control, it realizes intelligent dimming and photoelectric conversion functions, and is integrated into the vehicle system to improve the diversification and intelligence level of automotive safety glass, while retaining the impact resistance and sound insulation performance of laminated glass.

[0028] (2) The process combination adopted in this invention includes: laser segmentation of the solar cell to reduce the risk of cell cracking; using a segmented film-laying assembly process instead of a full-width intermediate film covering process to achieve tight bonding between the film and the glass, reducing the risk of bubble generation and uneven thickness; using silver paste printing for positioning to mark the corners of the dimming film and the solar cell; controlling the flowability of the PVB film by controlling process parameters such as temperature, pressure, time and film moisture content during the film assembly process, thereby solving problems such as bubbles, uneven thickness and unstable interface; temperature gradient design to achieve uniform melting and flow; pressure step application to promote venting and uniform film spreading; interface pretreatment to improve wettability and stability; and finally ensuring stable integration and functional synergy of the dimming film and the solar cell in the laminated glass.

[0029] (3) This invention uses an embedded intelligent control module to collect ambient light intensity and in-vehicle power demand in real time, automatically adjust the transmittance of the dimming film, and store the electrical energy generated by the solar cell in the vehicle energy storage device after voltage reduction conversion for auxiliary power supply or emergency lighting. This structure not only improves the multi-functional integration of the vehicle glass, but also improves the vehicle's energy utilization efficiency and ride comfort, while meeting the dual requirements of automotive safety standards for optical performance and mechanical strength. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the layered structure of the solar power generation interlayer dimming glass of this invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the solar power generation interlayer dimming glass assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the functional layer of the solar power generation interlayer dimming glass of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the functional layer of the solar power generation interlayer dimming glass in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top view of the solar power generation interlayer dimming glass functional layer of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the solar power generation interlayer dimming glass of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the PU-clad edge in the method for preparing solar power generation interlayer dimming glass of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0033] 1. The solar power generation sandwich dimming glass designed in this invention includes a first glass substrate, a first adhesive layer, a functional layer, a second adhesive layer, and a second glass substrate.

[0034] In some embodiments, traditional full-width film laying is prone to bubbles, wrinkles, and stress concentration, leading to microcracks in the battery or cracks in the glass. Innovatively, segmented film assembly is used to customize films according to functional zones, and laser cutting combined with CNC cutting machines ensures smooth cuts; the battery cell lead wires are encapsulated, and the battery cells can be pre-encapsulated to ensure airtightness; through zoned positioning splicing and segmented hot-pressing pre-bonding, the bubble rate is reduced to below 5%, the stress distribution is more uniform, and the bonding yield is increased to over 95%.

[0035] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion module, PDLC dimming module, and segmented protection module of the functional layer are distinguished based on the cross-shaped target positioning marks on the second glass surface. The boundary coordinates of each partition are preset using professional software to clarify the film type and size parameters of different areas, ensuring that the partition boundary deviation is ≤0.5mm. Next, a laser cutting machine is used to customize the cutting of different types of PVB film. For complex areas such as curved edges and corners, the laser spot precisely controls the cut width to ensure the matching degree between the film outline and the partition boundaries. In non-laser-cut areas (such as large-area blank protection zones), a CNC precision cutting machine is used in conjunction with a vision positioning system to control the film size tolerance within ±0.5mm, with a cut flatness Ra≤10μm, avoiding the burrs and skewing problems of traditional cutting. Finally, the films are laid sequentially according to the partition order. First, the PVB film in the photoelectric conversion area is positioned and bonded using a vacuum adsorption device, then the PDLC dimming area and segmented protection film are laid, leaving a 0.5-1mm gap between adjacent splices. Subsequently, the initial pressing stage in the lamination process is used for preliminary fixation. In the high-pressure stage of the high-pressure lamination process, the splice seam is naturally filled by the fluidity of PVB heated to above 110°C. Gradual heating and step-by-step pressurization achieve complete fusion.

[0036] In some embodiments, the photoelectric conversion module that can realize photoelectric conversion function can meet the design requirements by placing the battery cells in either a U-shape or a centralized arrangement.

[0037] 2. The adhesive layer involved in this invention is a plasticized polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film, which is precisely pre-pressed and fused under high temperature and pressure in the lamination process. By eliminating air bubbles, controlling the uniformity of film thickness, and removing micro-impurities through high temperature and pressure, the light transmittance can be ≥88%, meeting the optical requirements of high transparency for automotive sunroof glass. After constant temperature and humidity pretreatment (standing for 18-24 hours in an environment of 18-25℃ and RH 20%~55%), the moisture content in the film is stabilized at ≤0.5% by balancing the moisture distribution in the film, reducing the risk of water vapor escape during melt processing, and significantly improving the resistance to damp heat.

[0038] In some embodiments, basic and high-performance PVB films can be flexibly selected to balance cost and performance, adapting to different vehicle models and user needs. High-performance films can be composite PVB films containing various special additives to meet diverse customer requirements. PVB films with UV-blocking masterbatches achieve a UV blocking rate of over 95% and an infrared blocking rate of 85%-93%, exhibiting excellent heat insulation performance. PVB films with added hollow glass microspheres and potassium silicate gel for heat and sound insulation can block 35%-50% of noise.

[0039] In some embodiments, the flowability of the above-mentioned PVB film is controlled during the lamination process, with the pre-compression stage reaching 10. 2kPa-level vacuum combined with edge evacuation, 20℃ / 25% constant temperature and humidity pretreatment for 20 hours to control moisture content, step-by-step pressurization and gradient temperature rise / fall matched with PVB viscosity decay curve to control PVB flowability, and viscosity characteristics matched with process curves. =3×10 4 -5×10 4 Pa s, k = 0.015 - 0.02 min -1 The fluidity is controllable during high-temperature melting. A composite structure of "glass-PVB-functional layer-PVB-glass" is formed, which ensures the integration of the mechanical properties of the laminated glass while reducing problems such as bubbles and uneven thickness. This achieves controllable adhesive layer structure and ensures the integrity of the glass assembly and interface stability.

[0040] 3. The aforementioned photoelectric conversion module includes solar cells, which are laser-cut and mounted on the adhesive layer. The generated electricity can directly drive the PDLC dimming module, which regulates the alignment of liquid crystal molecules through current changes, thereby intelligently adjusting the light transmittance of the canopy glass to adapt to different lighting conditions. The thin-film solar cells available include monocrystalline silicon solar cells, cadmium telluride solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide solar cells, and perovskite solar cells.

[0041] In some embodiments, monocrystalline silicon solar cells are preferred. In terms of efficiency, their 22%-25% conversion efficiency is significantly higher than that of cadmium telluride (15%-18%) and perovskite solar cells, whose practical applications still require improvement, thus efficiently meeting system energy consumption requirements. Regarding stability, their tolerance temperature of 120℃-150℃ far exceeds the operating limits of cadmium telluride and perovskite, making them suitable for long-term operation in the high-temperature environment of automotive sunroofs. In terms of size, they support flexible cutting, and after laser cutting and PVB lamination, they can be compatible with dimming film partition designs.

[0042] In some embodiments, the monocrystalline silicon solar cells used in the photoelectric conversion module are laser-cut into smaller sections and integrated into the dimming film layer, and then encapsulated and laminated with a PVB film. The thickness is typically 150-200 μm, and the size can be flexibly customized to 30mm×30mm-50mm×50mm. Combined with high-temperature resistant PVB encapsulation, the entire module can withstand long-term operating temperatures of 30℃-80℃, achieving a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 22%-25%, demonstrating stronger environmental adaptability and photoelectric conversion capabilities in practical applications. Furthermore, the laser-cut monocrystalline silicon solar cells form a grid-like distribution with the dimming film layer, avoiding the complex arrangement of traditional cables within the curved roof of the vehicle. This design integrates the photoelectric conversion layer, PDLC dimming layer, and tempered glass base layer into a single panoramic sunroof structure using a hot-pressing process. This not only reduces the roof thickness by 20% compared to traditional split designs, but also reduces cross-regional energy loss through the integration of battery cells and dimming units in the same area. Combined with the intelligent dimming layer's ability to automatically adjust light transmittance based on light intensity, it further optimizes the in-vehicle lighting environment and thermal management efficiency, resulting in a dual improvement of "compact structure and optimized energy efficiency." Simultaneously, the integrated design reduces the space occupied by traditional wiring, optimizes the overall vehicle structure, enhances the vehicle's technological feel and space utilization, and provides users with a more efficient and intelligent driving experience.

[0043] In some embodiments, the lead-out segment is thicker than other areas, which can lead to uneven filling of the surrounding adhesive layer, resulting in defects such as bubbles and loose connections. Over long-term use, this can cause delamination due to vibration and temperature changes, reducing the overall structure's impact resistance and durability. Furthermore, the lead-out segment has a significantly different coefficient of thermal expansion compared to glass (the coefficient of thermal expansion for metal lead-out segments is approximately 15 × 10⁻⁶). / ℃, glass approximately 5×1 / ℃). Under diurnal temperature variations or solar heating, the thermal deformation of the thick lead wire can cause localized stress concentration in the glass, potentially leading to microcracks and, in severe cases, the entire glass pane shatters. Therefore, a three-stage sealing process—"cell sealing - lead wire edge sealing - structural reinforcement"—is required to improve overall sealing performance.

[0044] In some embodiments, the edges of the laser-cut solar cells are first subjected to plasma cleaning to remove residual impurities, and then UV-cured silicone rubber (viscosity 5000-8000 mPa) is used. s) Apply a 0.25mm thick sealant layer evenly along the cut edge to cover microcracks and grain boundary gaps at the cell edge; then, attach a 15μm thick polyimide (PI) protective film to the sealant layer surface, and achieve a tight bond with the cell through hot pressing to ensure a moisture barrier rate >1 at the cell edge. g / (m² The welding points of the busbar (silver paste printing layer) and the lead wires (tinned copper strip) are double-encapsulated with "conductive adhesive + sealant": first, anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACF) is used to achieve electrical conduction (contact resistance <5mΩ), and then a 1-2mm wide butyl rubber sealant is applied around the welding point. After heat curing at 100℃ or above, a waterproof isolation zone is formed to block the path of water vapor to penetrate into the battery cell along the wires. Finally, the lead wire is placed in the non-visible area (width ≥ 5mm) at the edge of the canopy glass. A groove matching the contour of the lead wire is pre-cut in the adhesive layer (PVB) using an ultraviolet laser (depth 0.5-1mm larger than the wire diameter, width 1-1.5mm). After the lead wire is precisely embedded, an additional 0.6mm wide low-modulus silicone rubber sealing line is set around the edge of the groove. Then, a gradient heating and pressurization process is used: first, at 80℃ and 0.3MPa, the PVB is initially softened and adheres to the surface of the wire, while simultaneously promoting the initial cross-linking of the sealant; then, the temperature is increased to 130℃ and the pressure is increased to 1.1MPa, utilizing the melt flow of PVB to fully impregnate and fill the gaps along the lead wire, while simultaneously allowing the silicone rubber to fully vulcanize, forming a composite sealing structure of "PVB wrapping layer + silicone rubber sealing line"; finally, the temperature is reduced to 60℃ and the pressure is maintained for 200 seconds to ensure that the PVB and sealant cure together, and the overall water vapor permeability of the lead wire area is <1%. g / (m² (day), the gap filling rate reaches 100%, and finally the temperature continues to drop to 40℃ to start depressurization. Through the above three-level sealing process, the edge sealing of the battery cell body and the structural reinforcement of the lead wire are achieved. At the same time, the heat stress concentration is eliminated through the synergistic effect of materials. This ensures that under the cycling environment of 40℃~85℃ and 85%RH humid heat environment, the hidden dangers are eliminated and the optical effect of the light transmission area is not affected.

[0045] 4. The PDLC dimming module described above is sequentially deposited as a first transparent conductive layer, a PDLC functional layer, and a second transparent conductive layer. It needs to meet the following requirements: driving voltage below 18V-24V, dimming range of 10%-80%, response time ≤60ms. The materials for the first and second transparent conductive layers are MDSN stacked disordered silver nanowires (AgNWs), or indium tin oxide (ITO).

[0046] 5. The above-mentioned method of using ink positioning marks and precision printing achieves the basic positioning of different functional zones in the functional layer. Considering positioning accuracy, subsequent high-temperature and high-pressure processes, chemical stability, and cost, ceramic inks with high contrast, strong temperature resistance, and high chemical stability can be selected. Using high-precision screen printing equipment, clear positioning patterns are printed on the second glass surface to construct the boundary markings of each functional zone. After curing treatment, the ink adhesion stability is enhanced.

[0047] In some embodiments, the ink marking pattern is designed as a cross-shaped target: the cross-shaped target is 0.3mm wide, 4mm long, and has a center positioning accuracy of ±0.5mm. Using the cross-shaped target as a reference, different functional materials are laminated in segments according to the functional requirements of the photoelectric conversion module, PDLC dimming module, and segmented protection module. Simultaneously, a visual inspection and alignment system is used to monitor and calibrate the printing position in real time, ensuring precise layout of each functional area and achieving efficient positioning and accurate assembly of the functional layers.

[0048] In some embodiments, in order to achieve a high airtightness of the edge of the canopy glass and ensure that the functional layer is protected from moisture and impurities for a long time, a PU edge wrapping process can be used, which is implemented in steps of "edge pretreatment - layered sealing - overall curing".

[0049] In some embodiments, the edges of the first and second glass substrates are precision ground to remove burrs and microcracks; subsequently, plasma cleaning is used to activate the edge surfaces, improving the adhesion of the sealing material and ensuring that the residual oil at the edges is <5mg / m². Then, three layers of sealing are sequentially applied along the non-visible area (width ≥5mm) of the glass edge: The first layer is a butyl rubber base layer, which is uniformly coated along the edge using a hot melt extrusion process to form a continuous strip of rubber that is 1-1.5mm wide and 0.5mm thick. Its high elasticity is used to fill the gap between the glass and the functional layer. The second layer is UV-curable silicone rubber (viscosity 8000 mPa·s). A 0.8-1 mm wide sealing line is applied to the outside of the butyl rubber to cover the junction between the glass edge and the PVB adhesive layer. The third layer is an aluminum edging strip, which is attached to the outside of the silicone rubber to form a physical barrier and prevent mechanical impact from damaging the edges.

[0050] After the layered sealing is completed, the butyl rubber is first pre-set by baking at 80℃ for 600 seconds, and then irradiated with ultraviolet light (wavelength 365nm, intensity 1000mJ / cm²) for 30 seconds to promote the complete curing of the silicone rubber. Finally, the edge banding strip is simultaneously hot-pressed to the glass during the overall lamination process, forming a continuous sealing system between the edge banding area and the PVB adhesive layer. Testing shows that the overall edge moisture permeability after edge banding is <10%. -6 g / (m 2 • After weathering cycles (-40℃~85℃, 1000 times), there is no cracking or delamination, and the edge impact resistance is increased by 20%, effectively ensuring the structural stability and functional reliability of the canopy glass under long-term high temperature, high humidity, vibration and impact conditions.

[0051] The above-mentioned layered structure diagram of the solar power generation interlayer dimming glass is as follows: Figure 1 As shown; The cross-sectional view of the above solar power generation interlayer dimming glass assembly is as follows:Figure 2 As shown; The top view of the above-mentioned solar power generation interlayer dimming glass functional layer is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0052] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] 1. In this embodiment, the top view of the functional layer of the solar power generation interlayer dimming glass is as follows. Figure 4 As shown; it is applied to automotive solar dimming sunroof glass; its structure includes (described in terms of the direction of direct sunlight after the glass is installed in the vehicle): first glass substrate / first adhesive layer / functional layer / second adhesive layer / second glass substrate; 2. The first and second adhesive layers are made of PVB film that blocks ultraviolet rays, provides sound insulation and heat insulation. They are placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (a constant temperature and humidity room can be used for batch processing) and the temperature is controlled at 18~25℃ and the humidity at RH 20%~35% and left to stand for 18 hours before use. 3. The first glass substrate is the outer sheet of glass, and its inner surface has the same black edge printing area as the second sheet, and there are positioning marks printed with silver paste on this black edge printing area; the positioning marks are drawn by computer software. Furthermore, black border printing is the first printing, and silver paste printing is the second printing; Furthermore, the black-bordered printing with white space positions the photoelectric conversion module and the PDLC dimming module; the silver paste secondary printing positions the PVB areas in the functional layer using different strategies. When exposed to sunlight: one of the black-bordered printed white areas is a photoelectric conversion module, specifically a square array of white areas concentrated at the widest point of the black border. The exposed photoelectric conversion modules receive sunlight and convert it into electrical energy for use. In this example, the thickness of the monocrystalline silicon solar cell can be 166µm. After laser cutting it into small pieces (30mm × 30mm), excluding external factors, its power generation is calculated according to... E 理论 =G x T x S x η (Where G is the irradiance, taken as 1 kW / m²; T is the illumination time, taken as 4 h; S is the illumination area, taken as 0.0009 m²; η is the conversion efficiency, taken as 23%) Maximum power generation of a single solar cell E 理论 =0.83Wh, and through multiple sets of battery cells connected in series (200-300 cells), its maximum daily power generation is approximately E 理论 =0.16 kWh - 0.25 kWh.

[0055] The second area of ​​the black-bordered printed white space is the PDLC dimming module, which receives voltage and responds quickly, switching rapidly between privacy and lighting modes; the silver paste printed area is obscured by the two layers of black-bordered printing and is not visible; when observing the sunroof from inside the vehicle, only the surrounding black-bordered area and the central PDLC dimming module area are visible, which plays a positioning role during the assembly process and will not damage the integrity and aesthetics of the sunroof after installation. 4. The functional layer consists of a photoelectric conversion module, a PDLC dimming module, and a segmented protection module, which are modularly placed in a functional layer area with a certain thickness; the protection module fills the empty areas in the functional layer except for the photoelectric conversion module and the PDLC module. 5. The PDLC dimming sheet accounts for 70% of the total area of ​​the canopy glass assembly. The light-collecting position is relatively far back. The driving voltage is 20V, and the response time under this driving voltage is ≤50ms. The operating temperature can cover -30℃ to 85℃ to meet the usage requirements in different environments. 6. The photovoltaic cells used are monocrystalline silicon solar cells; When photovoltaic power generation is used and the canopy glass is activated: the photovoltaic conversion module formed by the centrally placed small battery packs outputs photovoltaic power, and the output current flows into the battery. The control module outputs the current from the battery through a single-phase bridge inverter circuit, which converts the DC power into AC power. The AC voltage is then applied to the dimming film through two leads of the PDLC dimming film. At this time, the total light transmittance is greater than 80% and the haze is less than 5% when viewed from a straight angle; the total light transmittance is greater than 60% and the haze is less than 5% when viewed from a 45° angle. The lighting environment after power-on increases the comfort of the passenger riding environment. When photovoltaic power generation is used but the roof glass is not activated: the photovoltaic conversion module formed by the centrally placed small battery packs outputs photovoltaic power, and the output current flows into the battery for storage or to replenish the vehicle's power; to a certain extent, this increases the vehicle's range in sunny weather. When photovoltaic power generation is not possible, but the dimming function of the canopy glass is required: the energy stored in the battery by the solar power generation is output to power the PDLC dimming module, thereby realizing the dimming function; When photovoltaic power generation is not available and the panoramic glass is not in use: the total light transmittance of the panoramic glass is less than 10%, and the haze is greater than 97%; the low light transmittance protects the privacy environment inside the vehicle; Example 2 1. In this embodiment, the top view of the functional layer of the solar power generation interlayer dimming glass is as follows. Figure 5 As shown, its sectional view is as follows Figure 6 As shown; it is applied to automotive solar dimming sunroof glass; its structure includes (described in terms of the direction of direct sunlight after the glass is installed in the vehicle): first glass substrate / first adhesive layer / functional layer / second adhesive layer / second glass substrate; 2. The first and second adhesive layers are made of PVB film that blocks ultraviolet rays, provides sound insulation and heat insulation. They are placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber (a constant temperature and humidity room can be used for batch processing) and the temperature is controlled at 18~25℃ and the humidity at RH 20%~35% and left to stand for 18 hours before use. 3. The first glass substrate is the outer sheet of the skylight glass, and its inner surface has the same black edge printing area as the second sheet, and there are positioning marks printed with silver paste on this black edge printing area; the positioning marks are drawn by computer software. Furthermore, black border printing is the first printing, and silver paste printing is the second printing; Furthermore, the black-bordered printing with white space positions the photoelectric conversion module and the PDLC dimming module; the silver paste secondary printing positions the PVB areas in the functional layer using different strategies. When exposed to sunlight: one of the black-bordered printed white areas is the photoelectric conversion module, specifically a multi-rectangular white area arranged in a U-shape array, evenly distributed around the PDLC dimming module. This photoelectric conversion module receives sunlight and converts it into electrical energy for use. In this example, the thickness of the monocrystalline silicon solar cell can be selected as 182µm. After laser cutting it into small pieces (40mm×40mm), excluding external factors, its power generation is calculated according to... E 理论 =G x T x S x η (Where G is the irradiance, taken as 1 kW / m²; T is the illumination time, taken as 4 h; S is the illuminated area, taken as 0.0016 m²; η is the conversion efficiency, taken as 23%) The maximum power generation of a single solar cell E 理论 =1.47Wh, generated by connecting multiple sets of solar cells in series (200-300 cells), its maximum daily power generation is approximately E 理论 =0.29 kWh — 0.44 kWh The second area of ​​the black-bordered printed white space is the PDLC dimming module, which receives voltage and responds quickly, switching rapidly between privacy and lighting modes; the silver paste printed area is obscured by the two layers of black-bordered printing and is not visible; when observing the sunroof from inside the vehicle, only the surrounding black-bordered area and the central PDLC dimming module area are visible, which plays a positioning role during the assembly process and will not damage the integrity and aesthetics of the sunroof after installation. 4. The functional layer consists of a photoelectric conversion module, a PDLC dimming module, and a segmented protection module, which are modularly placed in a functional layer area with a certain thickness; the protective layer fills the blank areas in the functional layer space except for the aforementioned photoelectric conversion module and PDLC dimming module. 5. The PDLC dimming sheet accounts for 80% of the total area of ​​the canopy glass assembly. Since the driving voltage is determined by the electric field strength (E=V / d), the area of ​​this example is increased compared to Example 1, but the film thickness d remains unchanged, the voltage requirement remains unchanged, and the driving voltage is still 20V. The response time under this driving voltage is ≤50ms; the operating temperature can cover -30℃ to 85℃ to meet the usage requirements in different environments. 6. When using monocrystalline silicon solar cells for photovoltaic power generation and the canopy glass is in operation: the photovoltaic conversion module formed by the small battery packs arranged in a U-shape outputs photovoltaic current into the battery. The control module outputs the current from the battery through a single-phase bridge inverter circuit, which converts the DC power into AC power. This AC voltage is then applied to the dimming film through two leads of the PDLC dimming film. Due to the U-shape arrangement, the total length L of the connecting wires between the small battery cells increases. From the wire resistance R = ρ(L / A) (where R is resistance, ρ is resistivity, and A is cross-sectional area), we can see that the wire resistance increases, and its voltage drop V... drop =I·R=I·ρ·(L / A)will be too large, power P 损耗 =I 2 The ρ·AL value will also increase, but compared to Example 1, it reduces the risk of the solar cells generating heat in one location and damaging the internal structure. At the same time, the dispersion curvature of the solar cells is more in line with the glass, reducing the risk of fragmentation during assembly. The total light transmittance is greater than 80% when viewed from a normal angle and the haze is less than 5%. The total light transmittance is greater than 60% when viewed from a 45° angle and the haze is less than 5%. The lighting environment after power-on increases the comfort of the passenger's riding environment. When photovoltaic power generation is used but the sunroof glass is not in use: the photovoltaic conversion module formed by the U-shaped small battery pack outputs photovoltaic power, and the output current flows into the battery for storage or to replenish the vehicle's power; to a certain extent, it increases the vehicle's range in sunny weather. When photovoltaic power generation cannot be used but a skylight is used: the photovoltaic conversion module formed by the U-shaped small battery pack outputs photovoltaic power, and the output current flows into the vehicle battery to provide a certain amount of range for the vehicle in motion. When photovoltaic power generation is not available and the panoramic glass is not in use: the total light transmittance of the panoramic glass is less than 8%, and the haze is greater than 97%; the low light transmittance protects the privacy environment inside the vehicle; 7. Add edge-wrapping process before and after panel assembly; select PU adhesive for edge wrapping, which increases the edge impact resistance of the panoramic glass by 15%-20% during use and prevents moisture penetration in rainy weather, thus protecting the vehicle's integrity. The PU edge-wrapping cross-sectional view is shown above. Figure 7 As shown.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, Cell type: Perovskite solar cells, 150μm thick, laser-cut to 35mm×35mm.

[0058] Buffer layer: The surface of the battery cell is covered with a 0.1mm thick flexible polyurethane buffer layer.

[0059] Drive voltage: The drive voltage of the PDLC dimming module is adjusted to 18V.

[0060] Edge wrapping process: PU edge wrapping process is adopted to enhance the protection of perovskite solar cells with relatively poor weather resistance.

[0061] The remaining preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, Cell type: Cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells with a thickness of 200μm, laser-cut to 50mm×50mm.

[0064] Battery layout: A U-shaped layout is adopted.

[0065] Adhesive layer material: Sound-insulating reinforced PVB film is used, with key additions of hollow glass microspheres and potassium silicate gel, and the weighted sound insulation target is ≥38dB.

[0066] Drive voltage: The drive voltage of the PDLC dimming module is adjusted to 24V.

[0067] Area percentage: The PDLC dimming module accounts for 65% of the total area.

[0068] The remaining preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0069] Example 5

[0070] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, Cell type: Copper indium gallium selenide thin-film solar cells with a thickness of 100μm are laser-cut into 25mm×50mm rectangular pieces.

[0071] Battery layout: It adopts a U-shaped layout and is compatible with large curvature canopy glass substrates with a curvature radius ≥ 800mm.

[0072] Adhesive layer thickness: An ultra-thin PVB film with a thickness of 0.38mm is used to achieve a thinner overall structure.

[0073] Edge binding process: PU edge binding process is adopted to adapt to curved surface structures and enhance edge sealing.

[0074] The remaining preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Example 6

[0076] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that, Battery configuration: A hybrid battery layout is adopted, with monocrystalline silicon cells used in the peripheral loop area and perovskite cells used in the central area, all of which are miniaturized.

[0077] System Integration: The system integrates an intelligent control module that can collect ambient light intensity and in-vehicle power demand in real time, automatically manage photovoltaic power (prioritizing the driving of the PDLC dimming module, with surplus power stored) and adjust the PDLC transmittance.

[0078] Adhesive layer material: High-performance PVB film (UV blocking + heat insulation) is used.

[0079] Edge binding process: PU edge binding process is used.

[0080] The remaining preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0081] Comparative Example 1

[0082] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, Cell processing: Large-size monocrystalline silicon cells (uncut) are used.

[0083] Film laying process: The entire PVB film is used for coverage, rather than laying the film in sections.

[0084] Adhesive layer pretreatment: The PVB film was not subjected to constant temperature and humidity pretreatment.

[0085] Sealing process: Only simple edge butyl rubber sealing is used, without a three-stage sealing process.

[0086] Positioning system: Silver paste-free crosshair target precision positioning system.

[0087] Edge binding process: None.

[0088] The remaining preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 2

[0090] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, Sealing process: Only the edge sealing of the battery cells is performed, omitting the two key sealing steps of solder joint encapsulation and lead wire embedding sealing.

[0091] Edge binding process: None.

[0092] The remaining preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0093] Comparative Example 3

[0094] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that, Adhesive layer pretreatment: The PVB film was not subjected to constant temperature and humidity pretreatment.

[0095] Lamination process: During the high-pressure stage of lamination, a flow control strategy of step-by-step temperature and pressure increase was not adopted. Instead, a conventional constant temperature and pressure process was used.

[0096] Edge binding process: None.

[0097] The remaining preparation process is the same as in Example 1.

[0098] Performance testing

[0099] 1. Photovoltaic conversion efficiency: GB / T 6495.1-1996 "Photovoltaic devices - Part 1: Measurement of photovoltaic current-voltage characteristics"

[0100] 2. Light transmittance and haze: GB / T 5137.2-2020 "Test Methods for Automotive Safety Glass - Part 2: Optical Performance Tests"

[0101] 3. Impact resistance: Impact test (227g steel ball, 2m drop height) as specified in GB 9656-2021 "Technical Specification for Safety of Motor Vehicle Glass".

[0102] 4. Water vapor barrier rate: GB / T 21529-2008 "Determination of water vapor transmission rate of plastic films and sheets - Electrolytic sensor method"

[0103] 5. Weather resistance: GB / T 16422.2-2022 "Laboratory Light Source Exposure Test Methods for Plastics - Part 2: Xenon Arc Lamp" combined with damp heat cycling (-40℃~85℃, 85% RH, 1000 cycles).

[0104] 6. Edge sealing: Refer to GB / T 7106-2019 "Test Methods for Air Tightness, Water Tightness and Wind Pressure Resistance of Building Exterior Doors and Windows" to conduct pressurized water mist spray edge test.

[0105] 7. Thickness uniformity: Measure the uniformity of the thickness of the laminated glass; 8. Sound insulation performance: GB / T 8485-2008 "Classification and Test Method of Airborne Sound Insulation Performance of Building Doors and Windows" (Measurement of Weighted Sound Insulation Rw) The results are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0106] In terms of photoelectric conversion efficiency, Examples 1, 2, and 6, which use monocrystalline silicon solar cells with improved processes, show significantly higher conversion efficiencies (23.5%-24.1%). This is attributed to the laser cutting process, which effectively reduces internal stress and the risk of microcracks, and the three-stage sealing process, which creates a stable and dry working environment for the solar cells. In contrast, Examples 3, 4, and 5, which use perovskite, cadmium telluride, and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) materials with inherently lower conversion efficiencies, have reasonable efficiency values. Comparative Example 1, using uncut large-size solar cells, is more prone to microcracks due to stress concentration during the lamination process, resulting in an efficiency drop to 20.1%. Although Comparative Example 2 initially has a decent efficiency (22.3%), the lack of complete solder joint and lead wire sealing leads to a more significant efficiency degradation in long-term weathering tests, highlighting the crucial role of the three-stage sealing process in maintaining long-term power generation performance.

[0107] In terms of optical performance (transmittance and haze), all embodiments exhibited excellent characteristics of high transmittance (≥79.0%) and low haze (≤5.5%). This is mainly attributed to the segmented film-laying and bonding process and the precise positioning system, which fundamentally reduces the problems of bubbles and wrinkles that are easily generated by traditional full-width film laying, and achieves precise and uniform bonding between the functional layer and the glass substrate. Embodiment 5, due to the use of ultra-thin PVB and the design of adapting curved surfaces, achieved the highest transmittance of 83.5%. In contrast, Comparative Example 1 (full-width film laying) and Comparative Example 3 (no flow control) showed haze as high as 8.5% and 7.0% respectively due to process defects, and the transmittance was low, which directly reflects the decisive influence of the process of the present invention on ensuring visual clarity.

[0108] The advantages of this invention are particularly prominent in terms of core mechanical strength and long-term durability. In impact resistance tests, all embodiments passed smoothly, while Comparative Example 1 suffered overall glass breakage due to the large-sized battery cell becoming a stress concentration point, and Comparative Example 3 experienced delamination due to insufficient interfacial bonding caused by uncontrolled PVB flow. This directly demonstrates the necessity of miniaturized design and controllable PVB flow strategies for improving structural integrity. Weather resistance and moisture barrier performance are the touchstones of the sealing system of this invention: Examples 2, 5, and 6, with the dual protection of "three-level sealing + PU edging," achieved the best moisture barrier rate (as low as 0.5 × 10⁻⁶). -5 g / (m 2 After undergoing rigorous cycles, no abnormalities were observed. However, Comparative Example 2, lacking the last two critical seals, showed water seepage at the edges; Comparative Example 1, due to its rough manufacturing process, experienced complete delamination after testing. This strongly demonstrates that the all-around sealing design from the edge of the battery cell to the system lead wire is the cornerstone for ensuring the long-term stable operation of the product in automotive environments such as humidity and thermal shock.

[0109] Furthermore, in terms of process precision, the thickness uniformity deviation (±0.1mm~±0.2mm) of all embodiments is far superior to that of Comparative Examples 1 and 3 (±0.4mm~±0.5mm), which demonstrates the ability of segmented film laying and customized PVB flowability control strategies to ensure high-precision manufacturing. In addition, Examples 2 and 4, by selecting high-performance PVB films doped with special fillers (such as hollow glass microspheres), achieved excellent sound insulation of 38 dB and 40 dB respectively, demonstrating the powerful potential of the modular design of this invention to flexibly integrate value-added characteristics such as sound insulation and heat insulation in addition to meeting basic functions.

[0110] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar power sandwich light control glass, characterized in that, The application relates to a solar cell module, which comprises a first glass substrate, a first adhesive layer, a functional layer, a second adhesive layer and a second glass substrate; the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate each comprise two glass surfaces and are sequentially provided with a first glass surface, a second glass surface, a third glass surface and a fourth glass surface from the outside to the inside. The functional layer is arranged between the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer and comprises a photoelectric conversion module, a PDLC light modulation module and a segmented protection module.

2. The solar power laminated switchable glass according to claim 1, wherein, The functional layer is arranged by using a segmented film laminating and splicing process, different splicing structures are adopted for the packaging battery area and the non-battery area, and the segmented film laminating and splicing process can realize segmented adhesion and precise splicing through multi-segment splicing.

3. The solar power laminated switchable glass according to claim 1, wherein, The photoelectric conversion module is arranged in a meandering mode or a concentrated mode according to the position of the battery piece. The photoelectric conversion module comprises a solar cell piece which is divided into smaller sizes (30-50mm long rectangular side length) through laser cutting to reduce stress, and the thickness is 150-200mu m; the solar cell piece is reinforced by a three-stage sealing process of edge sealing, lead wire welding point packaging and structure groove embedding to ensure the water vapor barrier rate.

4. The solar power laminated switchable glass according to claim 3, wherein, The three-stage sealing process comprises the following steps: (1) Cell edge sealing: Laser cutting divides large-size cell sheets with a thickness of 150-200 μm into small-size (30-50 mm long rectangular) cell sheets, uses plasma cleaning to remove cutting debris at the edge of the cell sheet, applies UV-cured silicone rubber with a viscosity of 5000-8000 mPa s to form a 0.2-0.3 mm thick glue layer; laminates a 10-30 μm thick PI protective film, and performs hot pressing at 80-120 °C, 0.1-0.25 MPa, 30-60 s to ensure that the edge water vapor barrier rate is > 1 g / (m² day); (2) welding point packaging: the welding points of the busbar and the lead wire are coated with anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACF, contact resistance <5m omega) to realize conduction, and then 1-2mm wide butyl rubber sealing glue is coated to form a waterproof isolation belt through 90-110 DEG C heat curing; (3) lead wire embedding sealing: the lead wire is arranged in a non-visible area with a glass edge of greater than or equal to 5mm, a PVB layer is pre-cut to form a groove with a width greater than the wire diameter by 0.5-2mm and a depth of 0.1-1.5mm, and a low modulus silicon rubber sealing line with a width of 0.5-1mm is arranged at the edge of the groove after embedding; gradient pressure is applied, that is, the initial pressure stage in the laminating process is used to realize pre-adhesion and fixation, the autoclave is used to realize temperature and pressure rising (the temperature rises from room temperature to 105 DEG C, as the temperature rises, the pressure rises to 3.5-5.0bar, then the temperature rises to 120-150 DEG C, and the pressure is supplemented to 10-12bar), temperature and pressure maintaining (the temperature is 120-150 DEG C, the pressure is 10-12bar, and the time is 30-50min), temperature and pressure decreasing (the temperature is 40-50 DEG C, and the pressure is released), and PVB and sealing glue are cooperatively packaged (the same as the laminating stage); The solar cell module adopts one of single crystal silicon, perovskite, cadmium telluride or copper indium gallium selenide battery pieces, and is provided with a flexible buffer layer on the surface; the flexible buffer layer is made of silicone or polyurethane material and has a thickness of 0.05-0.2mm, which is used for relieving mechanical stress and avoiding brittle battery piece fragmentation.

5. The solar power laminated switchable glass of claim 1, wherein, The PDLC light modulation module is arranged in the middle of the functional layer, and a driving power supply of the PDLC light modulation module can be provided by the photoelectric conversion module; the PDLC light modulation module comprises a first transparent conductive layer, a PDLC functional layer and a second transparent conductive layer in sequence; the materials of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer are MDSN laminated disordered nano silver layers or indium tin oxide.

6. The solar power laminated switchable glass of claim 1, wherein, The segmented protection module is filled in the non-battery and non-dimming area of the functional layer, and is spliced and attached by different PVB films matched with the physical properties of the photoelectric area and the dimming area; the battery piece packaging adopts a low-shrinkage composite film, the edge adopts a high-viscosity nano-SiO2 flow control film, and the blank area adopts a standard PVB.

7. The solar power laminated switchable glass of claim 1, wherein, The first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer comprise PVB films pre-processed in a constant temperature and humidity environment, and the close attachment with the functional layer is realized through a controlled flow strategy; The PVB films comprise PVB films containing ultraviolet blocking master batches and PVB films containing hollow glass microspheres and potassium silicate gel heat and sound insulation; The constant temperature and humidity pre-processing is static placement for 18-24 hours in an environment of 18-25℃ and RH 20%-55%; The flow strategy includes stepwise temperature and pressure increase (high pressure stage of lamination) and vacuum pre-pressing (initial pressure stage of lamination); the pre-pressing stage lasts for 10 2 KPa vacuum degree and edge air extraction; the stepwise temperature and pressure increase matches the viscosity decay curve of PVB to control the flowability of PVB, and the viscosity characteristics match the process curve = 3×1 -5×10 4 Pa s, k=00.015-0.02min -1 , and the flowability is controllable during high-temperature melting.

8. The solar power laminated switchable glass of claim 1, wherein, Further comprising a precise positioning system, a cross target made of silver paste is provided on the ink layer of the inner surface of the second glass substrate through high-precision printing, and is used for pre-bonding and accurate positioning of the photoelectric conversion module and the PDLC dimming module; The cross target has a width of 0.2-0.5mm and a length of 2-5mm, and the center positioning accuracy is ±0.5mm; The edge of the solar power generation laminated dimming glass can be reinforced and sealed by a PU edge wrapping process, and is coated with butyl rubber base layer, ultraviolet curing silicone and aluminum edge wrapping strip in sequence to form a multi-layer protection, thereby significantly improving the impact resistance and sealing performance of the edge.

9. A method of making a solar power interlayer switchable glass, characterized by, A method for preparing the solar power generation laminated dimming glass according to any one of claims 1-8 comprises the following steps: S1, glass pre-processing and positioning mark: edge grinding is performed on two glass substrates, and cleaning is performed; secondary printing is performed on the second glass surface, one printing ink layer is dried, and then secondary printing is performed, a high-precision cross target positioning mark is printed on the second glass surface by using silver paste, and then the ink layer and the silver paste positioning mark are sintered at high temperature, and are pressed into a semi-finished product glass; S2, functional layer preparation and pre-processing: the solar cell pieces are laser cut into partitions, and the cutting edges are plasma cleaned and sealed by ultraviolet curing silicone; the conductive glue and the sealing glue are used for double packaging of the cell piece lead wire welding points, and the cell piece lead wire welding points are pre-embedded in the matching grooves pre-cut on the PVB film by laser; S3, segmented film laying and pre-positioning: different functional PVB films are customized by laser cutting and numerical control cutting according to the pre-designed partitions; the positioning mark on the second glass surface is used as a reference, and the customized films of the photoelectric conversion area, the PDLC dimming area and the segmented protection area are sequentially vacuum adsorbed and attached, and a gap of 0.5-1mm is reserved between adjacent films; then, heat pressing is performed for pre-bonding and preliminary fixing, and the joint gap is naturally filled by PVB in subsequent high-pressure lamination; S4, pre-lamination: the pre-positioned functional layer, the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate are stacked in a rubber ring, and more than 70% of the air between the glass and the functional layer is removed and sealed; S5, stage-by-stage heat lamination: the pre-laminated semi-finished product glass is sent into a high-pressure kettle, and a gradient temperature rising and step pressure increasing process curve is used for lamination, so as to accurately control the flowability and cross-linking curing of the PVB, and to ensure that air bubbles are completely removed, the thickness is uniform, and the interface is firmly combined. S6、Edge encapsulation (optional): PU edge wrapping treatment is performed on the edge of the glass assembly after lamination, and sealing material is coated and solidified in turn to form the final product.

10. Use of a solar power generation interlayer light control glass in the field of automobile glass, characterized in that, The application discloses a solar power sandwich light-adjustable glass prepared by the preparation method in claim 9.

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