Cyclone separation device for flue gas purification
By introducing multi-stage cyclone separation components and an open structure into the cyclone separator, the problem of unstable separation efficiency under varying operating conditions was solved, achieving efficient collection of droplets of different sizes and reducing energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202512010560.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing cyclone separators have poor ability to capture droplets of different sizes under varying operating conditions, resulting in large system pressure drops, unstable separation efficiency, and high energy consumption.
The system employs a multi-stage swirling separation assembly within the separation cylinder, including central and circumferential separation blades, to form a gradient swirling field. Combined with an open structure, it utilizes high centrifugal force and an extended migration path to achieve efficient collection of droplets of different sizes, and collects the separated liquid in a timely manner through a drainage tank.
It improves the separation efficiency of droplets of different sizes, reduces system pressure drop, enhances the applicability and stability of the device, and reduces energy consumption.
Smart Images
Figure CN121648651A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas purification technology, and more specifically to a cyclone separator for flue gas purification. Background Technology
[0002] Limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization is the mainstream technology for flue gas desulfurization in coal-fired power plants. The saturated wet flue gas at the desulfurization tower outlet carries a large amount of slurry droplets containing gypsum, chlorides, and soluble salts, which need to be effectively removed by physical separation devices to prevent corrosion, scaling, and blockage of downstream equipment. Currently, the commonly used cyclone separator operates on the principle of rotating the flue gas through a flow guiding structure, using centrifugal force to throw the droplets against the cylinder wall for separation. Typical separation elements include annular baffles, continuous spiral blades, or fully enclosed baffle rings. However, under the complex operating conditions of frequent peak shaving and fluctuating loads, existing cyclone separators exhibit the following main drawbacks: unstable separation efficiency, significantly reduced ability to capture fine droplets under varying operating conditions; large system pressure drop, with the multi-stage dense baffle ring structure leading to a significant increase in flow resistance, and system pressure drop generally exceeding 200 Pa, increasing the power consumption of the induced draft fan. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention provides a cyclone separator for flue gas purification, which solves the problems of poor collection ability of existing cyclone separators for droplets of different sizes and large system pressure drop.
[0004] This invention provides a cyclone separator for flue gas purification, comprising: The separator has an inlet, an outlet, and a receiving cavity, with a support rod located at the center of the receiving cavity; The first and second cyclone separation components are spaced apart from top to bottom on the support rod along the axial direction of the separation cylinder. Both the first and second cyclone separation components include central separation blades and circumferential separation blades. Multiple central separation blades are spaced apart circumferentially on the outer periphery of the support rod, and one end is fixed to the support rod. Multiple circumferential separation blades are spaced apart circumferentially on the outer periphery of multiple central separation blades, and are fixed to the other end of the central separation blades through a connecting structure, thus forming a flow channel. The other end of the circumferential separation blades is spaced apart from the inner wall of the separation cylinder.
[0005] Beneficial effects: The first swirl separation component mainly generates strong swirl, utilizing high centrifugal force to achieve primary and efficient capture of large and medium-sized droplets. The second swirl separation component extends the residence time and migration path of fine droplets in the flue gas, achieving deep capture. The central separation blades initiate swirl in the core airflow, while the circumferential separation blades enhance secondary swirl in the airflow near the inner wall of the separation cylinder, forming a synergistic multi-stage open swirl field to efficiently capture droplets of different sizes. All blades are supported by a common frame, forming a rigid whole to prevent vibration and stabilize the flow field. Furthermore, because there are flow channels between the central and circumferential separation blades and gaps between the circumferential separation blades and the inner wall of the separation cylinder, an open swirl field is formed, reducing the pressure drop of the device compared to a closed baffle ring.
[0006] In one optional embodiment, both the central separation blade and the circumferential separation blade are helical blades, and the lengths of the multiple central separation blades and the multiple circumferential separation blades gradually decrease along the axial length of the separation cylinder.
[0007] The helical blades with decreasing axial length can form a gradient swirling field. Thus, even within the same circumferential region, due to the different distribution of flue gas, the gradient swirling field makes the separation of particles of different sizes more obvious and reduces the system pressure drop.
[0008] In one alternative embodiment, the difference in the axial length of the spiral blades in the same circumference along the separator cylinder ranges from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
[0009] The above-mentioned difference range ensures that the change in the swirling field is not too large, further guaranteeing the separation effect.
[0010] In one alternative embodiment, the helical blade has an axial length of 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm along the separator cylinder.
[0011] The aforementioned spiral blade configuration not only ensures effective separation but also expands the applicability of the technology.
[0012] In one alternative embodiment, the gap between the circumferential separation blades of the second cyclone separation assembly and the inner wall of the separation cylinder is greater than the gap between the circumferential separation blades of the first cyclone separation assembly and the inner wall of the separation cylinder.
[0013] Upstream of the separator, the ends of the circumferential separation blades are closer to the inner wall of the separator, meaning the overall radial length is larger. This results in a stronger guiding effect on the flue gas, giving it a higher rotational angular velocity, causing dust particles to migrate rapidly towards the separator wall under centrifugal force. Downstream of the separator, the ends of the circumferential separation blades are farther from the inner wall, meaning the overall radial length is smaller. The swirling intensity gradually decreases, which avoids wear on the separator wall caused by excessive swirling and prevents the swirling disturbance at the outlet from re-entraining the separated dust into the airflow, thus improving dust settling efficiency.
[0014] In one alternative implementation, the number of circumferential separation blades is greater than the number of central separation blades.
[0015] The number of circumferential separation blades is relatively larger than that of central separation blades, which allows the flue gas near the separation cylinder wall to rotate more fully, further accelerating the migration rate of dust particles towards the cylinder wall and improving the separation effect.
[0016] In one alternative implementation, the number of circumferential separation blades is 6-20, and the number of central separation blades is 3-8.
[0017] The above quantities ensured the separation effect without increasing the volume of the separation cylinder as much as possible.
[0018] In one alternative embodiment, a plurality of drainage grooves are provided circumferentially at intervals on the inner sidewall of the separator.
[0019] The drain tank is used to collect and discharge the captured slurry in a timely manner, which greatly shortens the time and amount of liquid in the high-speed airflow zone, realizes the rapid physical separation of liquid and airflow, and fundamentally cuts off the path of liquid being re-entrained into flue gas.
[0020] In one alternative embodiment, the lowest point of the drain trough is set below the second cyclone separator assembly, and its axial extension length is 1 / 15 to 1 / 3 of the corresponding length of the separator cylinder.
[0021] The drainage tank ensures that the liquid separated by the first and second cyclone separation components can be collected in a timely manner, and its length is set to ensure the overall strength of the device while ensuring the collection effect.
[0022] In one alternative implementation, the first cyclone separation component and the second cyclone separation component are circumferentially offset.
[0023] The staggered arrangement of the first and second swirl separation components makes the separation of liquid in the flue gas more thorough and effective. Attached Figure Description
[0024] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top-down view.
[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Separation cylinder; 2. Support rod; 3. First cyclone separation assembly; 301. Central separation blade; 302. Circumferential separation blade; 4. Second cyclone separation assembly; 5. Connecting structure; 6. Guide plate; 7. Drainage tank. Detailed Implementation
[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0028] The following is combined Figures 1 to 2 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.
[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a cyclone separator for flue gas purification is provided, comprising: The separator 1 has an inlet, an outlet and a receiving cavity, and a support rod 2 is provided in the center of the receiving cavity; The first swirling separation component 3 and the second swirling separation component 4 are spaced apart from top to bottom on the support rod 2 along the axial direction of the separation cylinder 1. Both the first swirling separation component 3 and the second swirling separation component 4 include a central separation blade 301 and a circumferential separation blade 302. Multiple central separation blades 301 are distributed circumferentially around the outer periphery of the support rod 2, and one end is fixed to the support rod 2. Multiple circumferential separation blades 302 are distributed circumferentially around the outer periphery of multiple central separation blades 301, and are fixed to the other end of the central separation blades 301 through the connecting structure 5, thus forming a flow channel. The other end of the circumferential separation blades 302 is spaced apart from the inner wall of the separation cylinder 1.
[0030] like Figure 1As shown, the upper end of the separation cylinder 1 is the inlet, connected to the flue gas outlet of the desulfurization tower, and the lower end is the outlet, connected to the clean flue gas duct. A guide plate 6 can also be installed at the outlet to promptly discharge the separated liquid. The angle between the guide plate 6 and the flue gas flow direction is 0°-60°, and its axial height along the separation cylinder 1 is 3cm-15cm. A cover can be installed at the upper end of the separation cylinder 1, with the inlet located on the cover. The top end of the support rod 2 can also be fixed to the cover, and its bottom end is a certain distance from the bottom of the separation cylinder 1. The central separation blade 301 can be fixed to the support rod 2 by welding or connecting parts, such as... Figure 2 As shown, one end of the circumferential separation blade 302 is fixed to the other end of the central separation blade 301 through the connecting structure 5. The connecting structure 5 can be a connecting rod. The connecting rod has high strength and occupies less space inside the cylinder, so as to facilitate the formation of a flue gas flow channel between the central separation blade 301 and the circumferential separation blade 302.
[0031] Beneficial effects: The first swirl separation component 3 mainly generates strong swirl, using high centrifugal force to achieve primary and efficient capture of large and medium-sized droplets. The second swirl separation component 4 extends the residence time and migration path of fine droplets in the flue gas, achieving deep capture. The central separation blade 301 performs initial swirl on the core airflow, and the circumferential separation blade 302 performs secondary swirl enhancement on the airflow near the inner wall of the separation cylinder 1, forming a synergistic multi-stage open swirl field to efficiently capture droplets of different sizes. All blades are supported by the support rod 2 as a common skeleton, forming a rigid whole to prevent vibration and stabilize the flow field. Furthermore, because there is a flow channel between the central separation blade 301 and the circumferential separation blade 302, and a gap between the circumferential separation blade 302 and the inner wall of the separation cylinder 1, an open swirl field is formed, which reduces the pressure drop of the device compared to a closed baffle ring.
[0032] In one embodiment, both the central separating blade 301 and the circumferential separating blade 302 are helical blades, and the lengths of the multiple central separating blades 301 and the multiple circumferential separating blades 302 gradually decrease along the axial length of the separating cylinder 1.
[0033] For the first swirl separation component 3 and the second swirl separation component 4, the central separation blade 301 and the circumferential separation blade 302 are generally at the same height. However, the positions of two adjacent central separation blades 301 and two adjacent circumferential separation blades 302 are slightly different. Since both the central separation blades 301 and the circumferential separation blades 302 are helical blades, that is, they have a certain length along the axial direction of the separation cylinder 1, it is preferable that the length of two adjacent central separation blades 301 gradually decreases along the axial direction of the separation cylinder 1, forming a distribution pattern similar to a spiral staircase. The two adjacent circumferential separation blades 302 also adopt the same distribution pattern. In this way, the flue gas is subjected to the action of helical blades at different horizontal positions throughout its entry into this area, meeting the separation requirements of particles of different sizes and making the separation effect more obvious.
[0034] The helical blades with decreasing axial length can form a gradient swirling field. Thus, even within the same circumferential region, due to the different distribution of flue gas, the gradient swirling field makes the separation of particles of different sizes more obvious and reduces the system pressure drop.
[0035] In one embodiment, the difference in the axial length of the spiral blades in the same circumference along the separator 1 ranges from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
[0036] Since the flue gas flows from top to bottom and requires a certain amount of space, too many separation blades cannot be installed. However, the separation effect must be ensured at the same time. Therefore, spiral blades with the above-mentioned difference range are installed. The above-mentioned difference range ensures that the change of the swirling flow field is not too large, further ensuring the separation effect.
[0037] In one embodiment, the axial length of the helical blade along the separator 1 is 2.0 mm to 8.0 mm.
[0038] The aforementioned spiral blade configuration not only ensures effective separation but also expands the applicability of the technology.
[0039] In one embodiment, the gap between the circumferential separation blade 302 of the second cyclone separation component 4 and the inner wall of the separation cylinder 1 is greater than the gap between the circumferential separation blade 302 of the first cyclone separation component 3 and the inner wall of the separation cylinder 1.
[0040] like Figure 1As shown, the outer end of the circumferential separation blade 302 of the first cyclone separation component 3 is basically close to the inner wall of the separation cylinder 1, while the outer end of the circumferential separation blade 302 of the second cyclone separation component 4 is at a large distance from the inner wall of the separation cylinder 1. In this way, a flow channel is also formed between the circumferential separation blade 302 and the inner wall of the separation cylinder 1. This flow channel, together with the flow channel between the circumferential separation blade 302 and the central separation blade 301, simultaneously separates and transports the flue gas, improving the separation and transport efficiency, avoiding forced obstruction of the airflow, and significantly reducing the system pressure drop compared to the traditional closed baffle ring, which is conducive to energy-saving operation.
[0041] Upstream of the separator 1, the end of the circumferential separation blade 302 is closer to the inner wall of the separator 1, meaning its overall radial length is larger. This results in a stronger guiding effect on the flue gas, giving it a stronger rotational angular velocity, causing dust particles to migrate rapidly towards the separator wall under centrifugal force. Downstream of the separator 1, the end of the circumferential separation blade 302 is farther from the inner wall of the separator 1, meaning its overall radial length is smaller. This causes the swirling intensity to gradually decrease, which avoids wear on the separator wall caused by excessive swirling and prevents the swirling disturbance at the outlet from re-entraining the separated dust into the airflow, thus improving dust settling efficiency.
[0042] The dust particles in the flue gas vary greatly in size: large-diameter particles have a large mass and are easily separated under centrifugal force, but require sufficient swirling intensity to drive them; small-diameter particles have a small mass and require a longer residence time and a stable flow field to achieve separation. Thus, the circumferential separation blades 302 of the first swirling separation component 3 can form a strong swirling flow to quickly separate large-diameter particles, preventing them from lingering and wearing down in the flow field; while the circumferential separation blades 302 of the second swirling separation component 4 can form a relatively weak swirling flow, prolonging the residence time of small-diameter particles in the separation cylinder 1, allowing them to gradually migrate towards the cylinder wall during slow rotation, thereby improving the overall separation efficiency for dust with a wide particle size range.
[0043] In one embodiment, the number of circumferential separating blades 302 is greater than the number of central separating blades 301.
[0044] Since the central separation blade 301 is located close to the center and the circumferential separation blade 302 is located on the outer periphery, if the number of circumferential separation blades 302 is equal to the number of central separation blades 301, the distance between two adjacent circumferential separation blades 302 will be large, and the rotational angular velocity of the flue gas will be relatively slow, affecting the separation effect.
[0045] The number of circumferential separation blades 302 is relatively larger than that of central separation blades 301, which can make the flue gas near the wall of the separation cylinder 1 rotate more fully, further accelerate the migration rate of dust particles to the cylinder wall, and improve the separation effect.
[0046] In one embodiment, the number of circumferential separating blades 302 is 6-20, and the number of central separating blades 301 is 3-8.
[0047] The above quantities ensure separation efficiency without significantly increasing the volume of the separator 1. Of course, the quantities of both can be adjusted flexibly according to actual needs.
[0048] In one embodiment, a plurality of drainage grooves 7 are provided circumferentially at intervals on the inner sidewall of the separation cylinder 1.
[0049] The drainage trough 7 is a long strip formed by an outward indentation on the inner wall of the separation cylinder 1, with evenly spaced intervals. It can be directly connected to an external drainage pipe to promptly discharge the separated liquid. Furthermore, the circumferential distribution allows for simultaneous collection of liquid from different locations, resulting in higher efficiency.
[0050] The drain tank 7 is used to collect and discharge the captured slurry in a timely manner, which greatly shortens the time and amount of liquid in the high-speed airflow zone, realizes the rapid physical separation of liquid and airflow, and fundamentally cuts off the path of liquid being re-entrained into flue gas.
[0051] In one embodiment, the lowest point of the drain trough 7 is set below the second cyclone separator 4, and its axial extension length is 1 / 15 to 1 / 3 of the corresponding length of the separator 1.
[0052] like Figure 2 As shown, the drain trough 7 is positioned as close as possible to the lower part of the separator 1. This is because the flue gas flows from top to bottom, and this arrangement facilitates liquid collection. The placement of the drain trough 7 ensures that the liquid separated by the first cyclone separator 3 and the second cyclone separator 4 can be collected in a timely manner, preventing settled droplets from being re-entrained into the flue gas by the airflow. The length is set to ensure both the overall strength of the device and the collection effect.
[0053] In one embodiment, the first cyclone separation component 3 and the second cyclone separation component 4 are offset circumferentially.
[0054] The blades of the second swirl separation component 4 can be arranged between the blades of the first swirl separation component 3. In this way, the projections of the first swirl separation blade and the second swirl separation blade in the direction of the bottom of the cylinder will form a ring, which fully covers the flow area of the flue gas, making the separation of liquid in the flue gas more complete and effective.
[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A cyclone separator for flue gas purification, characterized in that, include: The separator (1) has an inlet, an outlet and a receiving cavity, and a support rod (2) is provided at the center of the receiving cavity. The first swirling separation component (3) and the second swirling separation component (4) are arranged at intervals from top to bottom on the support rod (2) along the axial direction of the separation cylinder (1). The first swirling separation component (3) and the second swirling separation component (4) both include a central separation blade (301) and a circumferential separation blade (302). The multiple central separation blades (301) are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the support rod (2), and one end is fixed to the support rod (2). The multiple circumferential separation blades (302) are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the multiple central separation blades (301), and are fixed to the other end of the central separation blades (301) through the connecting structure (5), thus forming a flow channel. The other end of the circumferential separation blades (302) is spaced apart from the inner wall of the separation cylinder (1).
2. The cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the central separating blade (301) and the circumferential separating blade (302) are helical blades, and the lengths of the central separating blade (301) and the circumferential separating blade (302) gradually decrease along the axial length of the separating cylinder (1).
3. The cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to claim 2, characterized in that, The difference in the axial length of the spiral blades along the separation cylinder (1) in the same circumference ranges from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
4. The cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to claim 3, characterized in that, The length of the spiral blade along the axial direction of the separation cylinder (1) is 2.0mm-8.0mm.
5. The cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gap between the circumferential separation blade (302) of the second cyclone separation component (4) and the inner wall of the separation cylinder (1) is greater than the gap between the circumferential separation blade (302) of the first cyclone separation component (3) and the inner wall of the separation cylinder (1).
6. The cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of circumferential separation blades (302) is greater than the number of central separation blades (301).
7. The cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to claim 6, characterized in that, The number of circumferential separation blades (302) is 6-20, and the number of central separation blades (301) is 3-8.
8. The cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Multiple drainage channels (7) are provided circumferentially at intervals on the inner wall of the separation cylinder (1).
9. The cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to claim 8, characterized in that, The lowest point of the drain trough (7) is set below the second cyclone separator (4), and its axial extension length is 1 / 15 to 1 / 3 of the corresponding length of the separator (1).
10. The cyclone separator for flue gas purification according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first cyclone separation component (3) and the second cyclone separation component (4) are offset in the circumferential direction.