System and method for driving plasma to convert carbon dioxide and water through new energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and method for driving plasma to convert carbon dioxide and water through new energy, and belongs to the technical field of greenhouse gas resource utilization and energy conversion. The system for driving the plasma to convert the carbon dioxide and the water through the new energy comprises a renewable power supply module, a plasma catalysis carbon dioxide and water conversion module and a product aftertreatment module, a plasma reactor comprises an outer medium pipe, and a net-shaped supporting piece is arranged in the outer medium pipe; a plurality of atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices arranged in an array structure are arranged above the net-shaped supporting piece, an atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet array can be provided, the effective action volume of plasmas is enlarged, the contact effect of active species in the plasmas with a carbon bed and a catalyst bed is further improved, and the service life of the plasmas is prolonged. And the production rate and selectivity of the product meet industrial application requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of greenhouse gas resource utilization and energy conversion technology, specifically to a system and method for converting carbon dioxide and water using new energy-driven plasma. Background Technology

[0002] The global energy system is transitioning towards a low-carbon model, with rapid growth in installed renewable energy capacity. However, the volatility and unpredictability of renewable energy pose challenges to grid stability. Existing large-scale centralized energy storage deployments have long deployment cycles and insufficient flexibility, making them unsuitable for distributed renewable energy scenarios.

[0003] Converting surplus electrical energy into liquid fuels or chemicals is an ideal strategy for achieving long-term, cross-regional energy storage, facilitating storage and transportation, and yielding products with significant market value. Utilizing electricity to drive the direct synthesis of high-value-added chemicals such as acetic acid and methanol from CO2 and H2O offers the dual benefits of energy storage and carbon cycling. These liquid products boast high energy density, safe storage and transportation, and can be distributed using existing facilities, making them ideal energy storage media and value carriers. However, the efficient and targeted conversion of inert small-molecule CO2 and H2O into target products faces significant challenges: traditional thermocatalysis relies on high temperature and pressure, resulting in high energy consumption and easy deactivation; while electrocatalysis offers milder conditions, it relies on precious metals and has low selectivity, limiting its economic feasibility. Low-temperature plasma technology activates molecules at near-ambient temperature and pressure using high-energy electrons and active species, overcoming thermodynamic limitations and promising precise pathway control and efficiency improvement. Furthermore, its rapid start-up and shutdown characteristics and adaptability to fluctuations are highly compatible with renewable energy sources. However, the realization of a new energy-driven plasma conversion system for CO2 and H2O to liquid products still faces the following difficulties: plasma reactors are difficult to scale up, struggle to handle large flow rates of raw materials, and cannot meet the demands of industrial applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system and method for converting carbon dioxide and water using new energy-driven plasma, so as to overcome the problem that plasma reactors in the prior art cannot meet the needs of industrial applications.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution: This invention provides a new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water, including a renewable power supply module, a plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module, and a product post-processing module. The plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module includes a CO2 gas tank, a heated water storage tank, and a plasma reactor connected in sequence. A heat exchanger is arranged on the plasma reactor. The plasma reactor includes an outer medium tube with a mesh support inside. Several atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices are arranged in an array structure above the mesh support. The output end of the plasma reactor is connected to the input end of the product post-processing module, and the CO2 output end and H2O output end of the product post-processing module are both connected to the input end of the heating water storage tank. A renewable power supply module is used to provide renewable power to the plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module and the product post-processing module.

[0006] A further improvement of the present invention is that the plasma reactor further includes a biochar bed and a catalyst bed. The atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet device includes a high-voltage needle electrode, an inner dielectric tube, and a grounded ring electrode. The high-voltage needle electrode is shorter than the inner dielectric tube and is coaxially sleeved inside the inner dielectric tube. The grounded ring electrode is located at the bottom of the inner dielectric tube. The biochar bed and the catalyst bed are arranged sequentially between the grounded ring electrode and the mesh support. The atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated between the high-voltage needle electrode and the grounded ring electrode forms a plasma jet under the action of airflow.

[0007] A further improvement of this invention is that the catalyst bed uses a K-FeMnZn@SiO2-c catalyst.

[0008] A further improvement of the present invention is that the product post-processing module includes a first condenser, a first distillation column, a pressure swing adsorption gas separator, a thermocatalytic reactor, a second condenser, and a second distillation column; The input end of the first condenser serves as the input end of the product post-processing module. The H2O output end of the first distillation column and the H2O output end of the second distillation column are combined to serve as the H2O output end of the product post-processing module. The CO2 output end of the pressure swing adsorption gas separator serves as the CO2 output end of the product post-processing module. The output of the first condenser is divided into two paths. The first path is connected in sequence to the pressure swing adsorption gas separator, the thermocatalytic reactor, the second condenser, and the second distillation column; the second path is connected to the first distillation column.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that the product post-processing module further includes a compressor and a preheater, which are sequentially arranged between the pressure swing adsorption gas separator and the thermocatalytic reactor.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that the thermocatalytic reactor is a stationary reactor and uses a Cu / ZnO / Al2O3 catalyst.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that the renewable power supply module includes a new energy power generation component and an inverter module connected in sequence. The inverter module is used to convert the DC power provided by the new energy power generation component into AC power to supply the plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module and the product post-processing module.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that the new energy power generation component is a wind turbine or a photovoltaic panel.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the renewable power supply module further includes an electrochemical energy storage module, wherein the new energy power generation component and the electrochemical energy storage module are electrically connected to the inverter module, and the electrochemical energy storage module is used to store excess electrical energy.

[0014] This invention also provides a method for converting carbon dioxide and water using a new energy-driven plasma. CO2 to be heated is supplied from a CO2 gas tank to a heated water storage tank. After being heated in the water storage tank, gaseous CO2 and water vapor are supplied to a plasma reactor. Under the action of renewable power provided by a renewable power supply module, a plasma jet array is formed by several atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices arranged in an array structure. The gaseous CO2 and water vapor react through the plasma jet array to generate gaseous and liquid products. The product post-processing module processes gaseous and liquid products to generate oxygen, methanol, acetic acid, CO2, and H2O, and then transports the generated CO2 and H2O to a heated water storage tank for recycling.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the positive and progressive effects of the present invention are as follows: The new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water provided by this invention includes a renewable power supply module, a plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module, and a product post-processing module. The plasma reactor includes an outer medium tube with an internal mesh support. Above the mesh support, several atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices are arranged in an array structure, which can provide an atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet array, thereby expanding the effective working volume of the plasma and improving the contact effect between active species in the plasma and the carbon bed and catalyst bed, so that the product generation rate and selectivity meet the needs of industrial applications.

[0016] Furthermore, the new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water provided by this invention includes a product post-processing module. The product processing module includes a first condenser, a first distillation column, a pressure swing adsorption gas separator, a thermocatalytic reactor, a second condenser, and a second distillation column. It can efficiently separate and purify gaseous and liquid products and unreacted raw materials. Moreover, the recycling and transportation of raw materials significantly improves the utilization efficiency of raw materials. The main gaseous products (CO and H2) are converted into methanol through the thermocatalytic module, which significantly improves the selectivity of liquid products and enhances the economics of the products.

[0017] Furthermore, the new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water provided by this invention can utilize wind and solar energy to convert industrial carbon dioxide emissions and abundant water in the environment into high-value-added methanol and acetic acid, and convert difficult-to-consume wind and solar energy into energy and chemical products, thus constructing a new paradigm of "electrochemical" energy storage. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the invention and constitute a part of this invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system structure for plasma conversion of carbon dioxide and water driven by a new energy source; Figure 2 Figure (a) is a cross-sectional view and Figure (b) is a top view of the atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion reactor. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a high-performance acetic acid synthesis catalyst. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet array driving method.

[0020] The components include: 1. New energy power generation components; 2. Electrochemical energy storage module; 3. Inverter module; 4. CO2 gas tank; 5. Heated water storage tank; 6. Plasma reactor; 7. Heat exchanger; 8. First condenser; 9. First distillation column; 10. Pressure swing adsorption gas separator; 11. Compressor; 12. Preheater; 13. Thermocatalytic reactor; 14. Second condenser; 15. Second distillation column. 6-1 High-voltage needle electrode; 6-2 Inner dielectric tube; 6-3 Outer dielectric tube; 6-4 Grounded ring electrode; 6-5 Plasma jet; 6-6 Biochar bed; 6-7 Catalyst bed; 6-8 Mesh support. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0022] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0023] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] Furthermore, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This is an explanation of the present invention and not a limitation thereof.

[0027] See Figure 1 This invention provides a new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water, including a renewable power supply module, a plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module, and a product post-processing module. The plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module includes a CO2 gas tank 4, a heated water storage tank 5, and a plasma reactor 6 connected in sequence. A heat exchanger 7 is arranged on the plasma reactor 6. The plasma reactor 6 includes an outer medium pipe 6-3 with an internal mesh support 6-8. Several atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices 6-5 are arranged in an array structure above the mesh support 6-8. The output end of the plasma reactor 6 is connected to the input end of the product post-processing module, and the CO2 output end and H2O output end of the product post-processing module are both connected to the input end of the heating water storage tank 5. A renewable power supply module is used to provide renewable power to the plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module and the product post-processing module.

[0028] The new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water provided by this invention includes a renewable power supply module, a plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module, and a product post-processing module. The plasma reactor 6 includes an outer medium tube 6-3 with an internal mesh support 6-8. Above the mesh support 6-8, there are several atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jets 6-5 arranged in an array structure, which can provide an array of atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jets 6-5, thereby expanding the effective working volume of the plasma and improving the contact effect between active species in the plasma and the carbon bed and catalyst bed 6-7, so that the product generation rate and selectivity meet the requirements of industrial applications.

[0029] A heat exchanger 7 is installed around the plasma reactor 6. This serves two purposes: firstly, to lower the temperature of the plasma reactor 6, thereby suppressing complex reactions and improving conversion rates; and secondly, to provide heat to the heated water storage tank 5 and the thermocatalytic reactor 13, thus improving energy utilization efficiency. The array-type jet device design, through a "unit replication-array combination" approach, overcomes the processing capacity limitations of traditional single-jet devices. The number of jet devices can be flexibly adjusted according to industrial capacity requirements, enabling continuous processing of large-flow feed gas and solving a core obstacle to the large-scale application of plasma technology. Simultaneously, the heat exchanger 7 allows for the recovery and utilization of energy from the reaction process, reducing system energy consumption and further enhancing the feasibility of industrial applications.

[0030] The CO2 raw material for the plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module is provided by CO2 gas tank 4. The CO2 gas is mixed with water vapor in the heated water storage tank 5 and supplied to the plasma reactor 6 as mixed CO2 and H2O raw material gas. The materials are transported through gas pipes.

[0031] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the heated water storage tank 5 consists of a water container and a heating device. Water vapor is provided by CO2 bubbling and heating. The gas pipe between the heated water storage tank 5 and the plasma reactor 6 is wrapped with a heating belt. The raw material gas flow rate and CO2 / H2O molar ratio are controlled by changing the CO2 flow rate and the heating temperature.

[0032] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the maximum selectivity of methanol is achieved by adjusting the CO2 / H2O molar ratio in the feed gas to a CO / H2 molar ratio of 1:3.

[0033] Preferably, the plasma reactor 6 further includes a biochar bed 6-6 and a catalyst bed 6-7. The atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet device includes a high-voltage needle electrode 6-1, an inner dielectric tube 6-2, and a grounded ring electrode 6-4. The high-voltage needle electrode 6-1 is shorter than the inner dielectric tube 6-2 and is coaxially sleeved inside the inner dielectric tube 6-2. The grounded ring electrode 6-4 is located at the bottom of the inner dielectric tube 6-2. The biochar bed 6-6 and the catalyst bed 6-7 are sequentially arranged between the grounded ring electrode 6-4 and the mesh support 6-8. The atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated between the high-voltage needle electrode 6-1 and the grounded ring electrode 6-4 forms a plasma jet 6-5 under the action of airflow.

[0034] Preferably, catalyst bed 6-7 uses K-FeMnZn@SiO2-c catalyst.

[0035] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the plasma reactor 6 consists of an outer medium tube 6-3 and an atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet 6-5 device, which is used to convert CO2 and H2O raw material gas into gaseous products such as CO, H2, and O2 and liquid products mainly composed of acetic acid.

[0036] In the plasma reactor 6, a biochar bed 6-6 and a hydrophobic K-FeMnZn@SiO2-c catalyst bed 6-7 are placed sequentially in the jet zone. The biochar enhances the conversion of raw material gas, regulates free radicals, and provides precursors for surface catalytic reactions. The K-FeMnZn@SiO2-c catalyst catalyzes the synthesis of liquid products such as acetic acid. The atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet array 6-5 is driven by a high-frequency AC high-voltage power supply, and a current-limiting inductor is connected in series in the circuit to achieve stable atmospheric pressure glow discharge.

[0037] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the plasma reactor 6 is formed by five atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices 6-5 connected in parallel to form a plasma jet array 6-5, thereby expanding the effective volume of the plasma.

[0038] Preferably, the product post-processing module includes a first condenser 8, a first distillation column 9, a pressure swing adsorption gas separator 10, a thermocatalytic reactor 13, a second condenser 14, and a second distillation column 15; The input end of the first condenser 8 serves as the input end of the product post-processing module. The H2O output end of the first distillation column 9 and the H2O output end of the second distillation column 15 are combined to serve as the H2O output end of the product post-processing module. The CO2 output end of the pressure swing adsorption gas separator 10 serves as the CO2 output end of the product post-processing module. The output of the first condenser 8 is divided into two paths. The first path is connected in sequence to the pressure swing adsorption gas separator 10, the thermocatalytic reactor 13, the second condenser 14, and the second distillation column 15; the second path is connected to the first distillation column 9.

[0039] The gaseous and liquid products from the plasma-catalyzed conversion of CO2 and H2O are separated by the first condenser 8. Acetic acid in the liquid products is purified by the first distillation column 9. Unreacted CO2, O2, and syngas (CO, H2) in the gaseous products are separated by the pressure swing adsorption separation device. The gaseous and liquid products from the CO hydrogenation to methanol synthesis are separated by the second condenser 14. Methanol in the liquid products is purified by the second distillation column 15. Unreacted raw materials (CO2, H2O) and unreacted syngas (CO, H2) from the CO hydrogenation to methanol synthesis, as well as the generated CO2, are all circulated back into the reactor to improve the utilization rate of raw materials in the reaction system.

[0040] Preferably, the product post-processing module further includes a compressor 11 and a preheater 12, which are sequentially arranged between the pressure swing adsorption gas separator 10 and the thermocatalytic reactor 13.

[0041] The compressor 11 can pressurize the low-pressure gas separated by pressure swing adsorption. On the one hand, this increases the partial pressure of the gas in the thermocatalytic reactor 13, increasing the collision frequency between reactant molecules and the active sites of the catalyst, enhancing mass transfer, and thus accelerating the reaction rate. On the other hand, a suitable pressure environment makes it easier for the thermocatalytic reaction to reach thermodynamic equilibrium, increasing the conversion ratio of intermediate products to target products such as methanol and acetic acid. Secondly, the preheater 12 can heat the pressurized gas to the suitable temperature range required for the thermocatalytic reaction, preventing low-temperature gas from entering the reactor and causing a decrease in catalyst activity. At the same time, it reduces the energy consumption of the heating device in the reactor, achieving precise energy matching and efficient utilization. The synergistic effect of these two components optimizes the reaction conditions in the thermocatalytic purification process, significantly improving the conversion rate of intermediate products and the yield of target products, further optimizing the material utilization efficiency and economic benefits of the entire system.

[0042] Preferably, the thermocatalytic reactor 13 is a stationary reactor and uses a Cu / ZnO / Al2O3 catalyst.

[0043] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the product post-processing module includes a product separation submodule and a syngas catalytic alcohol production submodule. The product separation submodule includes a first condenser 8, a pressure swing adsorption separation device, and a first distillation column 9, used to separate and purify gaseous and liquid products respectively. The syngas catalytic alcohol production submodule includes a compressor 11, a preheater 12, and a thermocatalytic reactor 13, used to catalytically synthesize CO and H2 in the products into methanol and other products. The CO and H2 separated from the products pass through the compressor 11, the preheater 12, and the thermocatalytic reactor 13 in sequence. A commercial Cu / ZnO / Al2O3 catalyst is loaded into the fixed-bed reactor for catalytic hydrogenation of CO to synthesize methanol. The commercial Cu / ZnO / Al2O3 catalyst is purchased from Dalian Zeer Catalytic Materials Co., Ltd. for methanol synthesis catalyst (JC-RS2).

[0044] Preferably, the renewable power supply module includes a new energy power generation component 1 and an inverter module 3 connected in sequence. The inverter module 3 is used to convert the DC power provided by the new energy power generation component 1 into AC power to supply the plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module and the product post-processing module.

[0045] Preferably, the new energy power generation component 1 is a wind turbine or a photovoltaic panel.

[0046] The renewable power supply module generates electricity through wind turbines or solar photovoltaic panels, achieves AC / DC conversion and power quality optimization through power conversion devices such as inverters, and stores excess electricity and provides stable power through electrochemical energy storage components. It can provide stable renewable power to downstream electrical equipment.

[0047] Preferably, the renewable power supply module further includes an electrochemical energy storage module 2. The new energy power generation component 1 and the electrochemical energy storage module 2 are electrically connected to the inverter module 3, and the electrochemical energy storage module 2 is used to store excess electrical energy.

[0048] The electricity output from the new energy power generation module 1 is prioritized for downstream electrical equipment. Any instantaneous surplus electricity is quickly absorbed and stored by the electrochemical energy storage module 2, preventing direct grid feed-in from causing shocks or waste due to inability to absorb the energy. When wind and solar power output drops sharply, both the new energy power generation module 1 and the electrochemical energy storage module 2 can simultaneously supply electricity to the inverter module 3, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to core equipment such as the plasma reactor and post-processing module. Compared to a single energy storage module, the system's stability in dealing with extreme power fluctuations is improved. Secondly, the independent electrical connection structure makes the operation of the electrochemical energy storage module 2 more flexible. It can be used independently of the system load as an "energy buffer," for example, storing energy at full load during peak periods of new energy power generation and feeding it back to the grid through the inverter during off-peak periods, achieving the added value of "peak shaving and valley filling" and improving the system's economic benefits. Finally, the targeted storage function enables more precise power dispatch. The start-up, shutdown, and load adjustment of the plasma jet device can rely entirely on the power supply signal of the energy storage module, without the need to frequently respond to the instantaneous fluctuations of new energy power generation. This reduces the start-up and shutdown losses and control complexity of the equipment, extends the service life of core components, narrows the gap between the volatility of new energy and the continuity of chemical processes, and transforms the system from "passively adapting to power" to "actively regulating power," laying a power security foundation for large-scale applications.

[0049] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a method for converting carbon dioxide and water using new energy-driven plasma. CO2 to be heated is supplied from a CO2 gas tank 4 to a heated water storage tank 5. After being heated by the heated water storage tank 5, gaseous CO2 and water vapor are supplied to a plasma reactor 6. Under the action of renewable power provided by a renewable power supply module, several atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices 6-5 arranged in an array structure form a plasma jet array 6-5. Gaseous CO2 and water vapor react through the plasma jet array 6-5 to generate gaseous and liquid products. The product post-processing module processes the gaseous and liquid products to generate oxygen, methanol, acetic acid, CO2, and H2O, and then transports the generated CO2 and H2O to the heated water storage tank 5 to achieve recycling.

[0050] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, see Figure 1This embodiment provides a device for new energy-driven plasma conversion of carbon dioxide and water, including a renewable power supply module, a plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module, and a product post-processing module. The renewable power supply module consists of a wind turbine or photovoltaic panel, an electrochemical energy storage module 2, and an inverter module 3. The wind turbine or photovoltaic panel is connected to the electrochemical energy storage module 2 via a circuit. The electrochemical energy storage module 2 stores excess electrical energy during peak power generation periods. The wind turbine or photovoltaic panel and the electrochemical energy storage module 2 are also connected to the inverter module 3 via a circuit. The inverter module 3 converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) to power downstream electrical equipment. This "source-storage" combination of the wind turbine or photovoltaic panel and the electrochemical energy storage module 2 overcomes the power fluctuations of wind and solar power, providing stable power to downstream electrical equipment.

[0051] The plasma-catalyzed carbon dioxide and water conversion module consists of a CO2 gas tank 4, a heated water storage tank 5, a plasma reactor 6, and a heat exchanger 7. The CO2 gas tank 4, the heated water storage tank 5, and the plasma reactor 6 are connected by gas pipes. The heated water storage tank 5 has a heating function, generating water vapor through CO2 bubbling and heating. The input raw materials for the plasma reactor 6 are gaseous CO2 and water vapor, and the output of the plasma reactor 6 are products such as CO, H2, O2, and acetic acid, as well as unreacted raw materials. The heat exchanger 7 is arranged around the cavity of the plasma reactor 6 to reduce the gas temperature in the reactor and inhibit product recombination reactions. The collected heat can be used to heat the water storage tank 5 and other equipment that needs to be heated. The raw material gas flow rate and the CO2 / H2O molar ratio can be adjusted by changing the gas flow rate of the CO2 gas tank 4 and the heating temperature of the heated water storage tank 5.

[0052] The product post-processing module consists of a first condenser 8, a first distillation column 9, a pressure swing adsorption gas separator 10, a compressor 11, a preheater 12, a thermocatalytic reactor 13, a second condenser 14, and a second distillation column 15. The first condenser 8 separates the gaseous and liquid components of the material output from the plasma reactor 6. The first distillation column 9 purifies the separated liquid components to obtain high-purity acetic acid. The pressure swing adsorption gas separator 10 further separates the separated gaseous components into CO2, O2, and syngas. The syngas passes through the compressor 11 and the preheater 12 and enters the thermocatalytic reactor 13, where it is catalytically synthesized into methanol under high temperature and high pressure (220℃, 50 bar). The second condenser 14 separates the gaseous and liquid components of the material output from the thermocatalytic reactor 13. The second distillation column 15 purifies the separated liquid components to obtain high-purity methanol. The CO / H2 molar ratio in the syngas can be adjusted by changing the CO2 / H2O molar ratio in the feedstock. The thermocatalytic reactor 13 is a fixed-bed reactor using a commercial Cu / ZnO / Al2O3 catalyst.

[0053] Specifically, the water separated from the first distillation column 9 and the second distillation column 15 is transported to the heated water storage tank 5 through pipelines. The CO2 separated from the pressure swing adsorption gas separator 10 is transported to the CO2 flow between the CO2 gas tank 4 and the heated water storage tank 5 through a gas pipe. The gas components separated from the second condenser 14 are transported to the gas flow between the first condenser 8 and the pressure swing adsorption gas separator 10 through a gas pipe. This invention can improve the utilization rate of raw materials in the reaction system by circulating the raw material gas.

[0054] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the core module plasma reactor structure is described below. Figure 2 In the outer dielectric tube 6-3, a circular array structure is formed by five atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices. In each plasma jet device, the high-pressure needle electrode 6-1 is shorter than the inner dielectric tube 6-2 and coaxially sleeved inside the inner dielectric tube 6-2. The grounded ring electrode 6-4 is located at the bottom of the inner dielectric tube 6-2. The atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated between the high-pressure needle electrode 6-1 and the grounded ring electrode 6-4 forms a plasma jet 6-5 under the action of airflow. The biochar bed 6-6 is located in the first layer of the plasma jet region, the catalyst bed 6-7 is located below the biochar bed 6-6, and the mesh support 6-8 is located below the catalyst bed 6-6. The plasma jet array can effectively expand the plasma volume and improve the contact effect between the active species in the plasma and the carbon bed and catalyst bed, so that the product generation rate and selectivity meet the requirements of industrial applications.

[0055] Specifically, for a discharge power of 2000 W, the outer diameter of the outer dielectric tube is 62 mm and the inner diameter is 58 mm, the outer diameter of the inner dielectric tube is 14 mm and the inner diameter is 10 mm, the diameter of the tungsten needle electrode is 5 mm, and the outer diameter of the stainless steel ring electrode is 10 mm and the aperture is 5 mm.

[0056] Specifically, catalyst bed 6-6 uses K-FeMnZn@SiO2-c catalyst, and its preparation method is as follows: Figure 3As shown, the specific steps include: First, Fe / Zn catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation. After vigorous stirring and heating at 60°C, potassium carbide solution was added dropwise to Fe / Zn precursor (ferric nitrate, zinc nitrate) solution. After the pH of the solution was maintained at 8.0, the sample was filtered, washed and dried, and then calcined in a muffle furnace. Next, additives were doped into the Fe / Zn catalyst by impregnation. The samples were impregnated with Mn / Ga precursor (manganese nitrate, gallium nitrate) solution and K / Na precursor (potassium chloride, sodium chloride) solution, respectively, and then dried and calcined. A SiO2-encapsulated catalyst was then prepared using a modified Stöber method. The sample was dispersed in ethanol by ultrasonication, followed by the addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate, stirring, and then ammonia. After further stirring, the sample was collected by centrifugation, washed, and dried. Hydrophobicity was achieved through further surface modification. The sample was added to [a specific substance], followed by the addition of trimethylchlorosilane. The mixture was ultrasonically treated at room temperature, and the sample was collected by centrifugation, washed, and dried. Finally, the catalyst was reduced with hydrogen at 350°C before use.

[0057] The atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet in the plasma reactor is driven by high-frequency AC high voltage, and the driving method is as follows: Figure 4 As shown. The output terminal of the high-frequency AC high-voltage source is connected to the current-limiting inductor. Five jet devices are connected in parallel. The high-voltage needle electrodes are connected to the current-limiting inductors respectively, and the grounding ring electrodes are grounded respectively. The high-frequency AC high-voltage source is driven by 380V AC mains power, and the casing is grounded.

[0058] Specifically, for a discharge power of 2000 W, the high-frequency AC high-voltage source has a maximum output voltage of 20 kV, a maximum output power of 3000 W, a frequency of 20 kHz, and a current-limiting inductor of 0.5 H.

[0059] This embodiment utilizes new energy sources such as wind and solar power to drive plasma conversion of CO2 and H2O to synthesize high-value-added products such as acetic acid and methanol, thereby achieving the reduction of carbon emissions, energy conversion and storage, and green production of fuels and chemical products.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the embodiments listed above are merely one or more specific manifestations of the technical solution of this invention. Their purpose is to clearly illustrate the concept, principle, and application of this invention through specific examples, and is by no means intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention to these specific embodiments. In fact, the true value of this invention lies in its proposed technical ideas and innovations, rather than its manifestations or implementation methods.

[0061] For those skilled in the art, after thoroughly reading and understanding the technical solution of this invention, they are fully capable of making various changes, modifications, or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation of the invention based on their own professional knowledge and skills. These changes may include, but are not limited to: adjusting the range of technical parameters, optimizing the algorithm flow to improve efficiency, and replacing some technical components to achieve better compatibility or reduce costs. As long as these modified technical solutions substantially retain the technical features claimed by the original invention, that is, they can still achieve the core functions and effects of this invention, then these changes should be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the pending claims of this invention.

[0062] Furthermore, with the continuous progress and development of technology, new technical means and methods are constantly emerging, which provides ample space for further improvement and perfection of this invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this invention should also include reasonable and foresightful improvements and extensions based on existing technology. As long as these improvements and extensions do not depart from the basic principles and core concepts of this invention, they should be considered equivalents of this invention and are equally protected by patent rights.

Claims

1. A system for converting carbon dioxide and water using a new energy-driven plasma, characterized in that, It includes a renewable power supply module, a plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module and a product post-processing module. The plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module includes a CO2 gas tank (4), a heated water storage tank (5) and a plasma reactor (6) connected in sequence. A heat exchanger (7) is arranged on the plasma reactor (6). The plasma reactor (6) includes an outer medium pipe (6-3) with a mesh support (6-8) inside. Several atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices are arranged in an array structure above the mesh support (6-8). The output end of the plasma reactor (6) is connected to the input end of the product post-processing module, and the CO2 output end and H2O output end of the product post-processing module are both connected to the input end of the heating water storage tank (5). A renewable power supply module is used to provide renewable power to the plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module and the product post-processing module.

2. The system for converting carbon dioxide and water using a new energy-driven plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plasma reactor (6) also includes a biochar bed (6-6) and a catalyst bed (6-7). The atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet device includes a high-voltage needle electrode (6-1), an inner dielectric tube (6-2), and a grounded ring electrode (6-4). The high-voltage needle electrode (6-1) is shorter than the inner dielectric tube (6-2) and is coaxially sleeved inside the inner dielectric tube (6-2). The grounded ring electrode (6-4) is located at the bottom of the inner dielectric tube (6-2). The biochar bed (6-6) and the catalyst bed (6-7) are arranged sequentially between the grounded ring electrode (6-4) and the mesh support (6-8). The atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated between the high-voltage needle electrode (6-1) and the grounded ring electrode (6-4) forms a plasma jet (6-5) under the action of the airflow.

3. The system for converting carbon dioxide and water using a new energy-driven plasma according to claim 2, characterized in that, The catalyst bed (6-7) uses K-FeMnZn@SiO2-c catalyst.

4. The system for converting carbon dioxide and water using a new energy-driven plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The product post-processing module includes a first condenser (8), a first distillation column (9), a pressure swing adsorption gas separator (10), a thermocatalytic reactor (13), a second condenser (14), and a second distillation column (15). Among them, the input end of the first condenser (8) serves as the input end of the product post-processing module, the H2O output end of the first distillation column (9) and the H2O output end of the second distillation column (15) are combined to serve as the H2O output end of the product post-processing module, and the CO2 output end of the pressure swing adsorption gas separator (10) serves as the CO2 output end of the product post-processing module. The output of the first condenser (8) is divided into two paths. The first path is connected in sequence to the pressure swing adsorption gas separator (10), the thermocatalytic reactor (13), the second condenser (14), and the second distillation column (15); the second path is connected to the first distillation column (9).

5. A new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water according to claim 4, characterized in that, The product post-processing module also includes a compressor (11) and a preheater (12), which are arranged sequentially between the pressure swing adsorption gas separator (10) and the thermocatalytic reactor (13).

6. A new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thermocatalytic reactor (13) is a stationary reactor and uses Cu / ZnO / Al2O3 catalyst.

7. The system for converting carbon dioxide and water using a new energy-driven plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The renewable power supply module includes a new energy power generation component (1) and an inverter module (3) connected in sequence. The inverter module (3) is used to convert the DC power provided by the new energy power generation component (1) into AC power to supply the plasma catalytic carbon dioxide and water conversion module and the product post-processing module.

8. A new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water according to claim 7, characterized in that, The new energy power generation component (1) is a wind turbine or a photovoltaic panel.

9. A new energy-driven plasma conversion system for carbon dioxide and water according to claim 7, characterized in that, The renewable power supply module also includes an electrochemical energy storage module (2). The new energy power generation component (1) and the electrochemical energy storage module (2) are electrically connected to the inverter module (3) respectively. The electrochemical energy storage module (2) is used to store excess electrical energy.

10. A method for converting carbon dioxide and water using plasma driven by a new energy source, characterized in that, CO2 to be heated is supplied to the heating water tank (5) through the CO2 gas tank (4). After being heated by the heating water tank (5), gaseous CO2 and water vapor are supplied to the plasma reactor (6). Under the action of renewable power provided by the renewable power supply module, several atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma jet devices arranged in an array structure form a plasma jet (6-5) array. Gaseous CO2 and water vapor react through the plasma jet (6-5) array to generate gaseous products and liquid products. The product post-processing module processes the gaseous and liquid products to generate oxygen, methanol, acetic acid, CO2 and H2O, and then transports the generated CO2 and H2O to the heated water storage tank (5) to achieve recycling.

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