Photo-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing coating with excellent durability and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of functional materials and surface engineering, and particularly provides a photo-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing coating with excellent durability and a preparation method of the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing coating. The method comprises the following steps: coating the surface of a pretreated base material with epoxy resin to obtain an epoxy resin layer; silicon carbide particles are embedded into the epoxy resin layer through electrostatic sand planting, an armor layer is obtained, and then a curing reaction is carried out; and spraying a modified titanium nitride nanoparticle dispersion liquid on the surface of the cured armor layer, and drying to obtain the photo-thermal super-hydrophobic anti-icing and deicing coating with excellent durability. The surface of the coating has a high water contact angle (CA) of 164 + / -1.6 degrees, a low water sliding angle (SA) of 1.6 + / -0.5 degrees and a high sunlight absorptivity of 0.988, and the coating can bear 1000 times of adhesive tape stripping tests, 50 times of abrasive paper abrasion tests under the pressure intensity of 3 kPa, seven days of ultraviolet lamp irradiation with the intensity of 20 W and 150 DEG C high-temperature stability tests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of functional materials and surface engineering technology, and in particular to a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Superhydrophobic surfaces (water contact angle greater than 150°, roll-off angle less than 10°) exhibit significant application value in numerous fields such as self-cleaning, anti-icing / de-icing, metal corrosion protection, and fluid drag reduction due to their extreme non-wetting properties. Their performance is achieved based on the classic Cassie-Baxter theoretical model, relying on a precise micro-nano hierarchical rough structure on the surface to trap air and form a stable air cushion, supplemented by chemical modification with low surface energy materials, thereby achieving an approximately spherical suspension state of the droplets.

[0003] However, the core structural feature of its excellent superhydrophobic properties (micro-nano rough structure) is also the fundamental weakness in its mechanical durability. The fragile micro-nano protrusions constructed to maximize the air cushion ratio are subjected to extremely high local pressure under mechanical actions such as external friction, scratching, particle impact, or cyclic loading, due to their extremely small actual contact area. This makes them highly susceptible to plastic deformation, structural fracture, or delamination from the substrate. Once this rough morphology is damaged, the surface wetting state irreversibly changes from the highly hydrophobic Cassie state to the fully wetted Wenzel state, leading to functional failure. This inherent structural fragility makes most current superhydrophobic surfaces unable to withstand sand and dust abrasion, raindrop erosion, and even daily contact in real-world working conditions, constituting a key obstacle for this technology to move from laboratory proof-of-concept to large-scale engineering applications. Therefore, substantially improving the surface's mechanical durability and long-term service reliability while maintaining excellent superhydrophobic properties has become a core technical challenge that urgently needs to be overcome in this field.

[0004] Chinese patent CN121086648A discloses a method for preparing a wear-resistant superhydrophobic coating with a dual covalent bond interface, which improves the mechanical durability of the superhydrophobic coating by constructing a dual chemical bond interface. This method enhances the interfacial bonding force through chemical bonding, exhibiting excellent theoretical wear resistance. However, the process is extremely complex and demanding, involving multiple precise chemical reactions and sensitive parameters, making it difficult to guarantee the stability and reproducibility of large-scale production. Secondly, it is highly dependent on specific material systems such as halloysite and waterborne polyurethane; if the filler or resin is changed, the performance deteriorates sharply, resulting in poor universality. Finally, it has a single function, lacking integrated photothermal de-icing / defrosting capabilities, making it difficult to cope with practical scenarios requiring rapid de-icing. Chinese patent CN120443116A discloses a method for preparing a wear-resistant superhydrophobic aluminum bronze based on a laser-processed armor structure. This method adopts a "subtractive manufacturing" approach, constructing an integrated functional structure on a metal substrate through a composite laser process of "plating first, then etching." This method aims to directly protect the hydrophobic micro / nano structure through a physical barrier of "ceramic hard film + geometric protrusions." However, this technical approach has significant limitations: firstly, it heavily relies on expensive laser equipment, resulting in low processing efficiency and high costs, making it difficult to scale up applications; secondly, it only directly modifies the metal substrate, applicable only to a few metals such as aluminum bronze, with extremely poor universality; thirdly, the surface lacks stable low surface energy chemical modification, leading to insufficient long-term hydrophobic durability; and fourthly, it also lacks photothermal de-icing capabilities. Zhang et al. (Advanced Materials Technologies, 2025, 10(21): e01227.) used inexpensive and high-hardness silica sand (SS) as the armor skeleton to construct a macroscopic support structure, combined with an epoxy resin (EP) bonding layer and a fluorine-modified kaolin (F-KL) functional layer, simultaneously achieving superhydrophobic, corrosion-resistant, and passive anti-icing properties. Although this technology demonstrates outstanding mechanical stability (withstanding thousands of wear and impact cycles), large-scale production faces bottlenecks. The application of silica sand relies on manual operation, which can easily lead to uneven particle distribution during mass production, resulting in poor coating performance consistency. Furthermore, the dispersion stability of the functional layer suspension has stringent process requirements and is prone to functional defects due to particle agglomeration. In addition, its anti-icing function is limited, and it can only achieve passive anti-icing by extending the freezing time of water droplets. It lacks photothermal de-icing capabilities and cannot quickly remove ice layers that have formed in low-temperature environments, making it difficult to meet the practical application needs of extreme snow and ice weather.

[0005] In summary, existing technical solutions suffer from the following significant drawbacks: Firstly, while processes such as laser processing and physical vapor deposition can directly construct micro / nano structures on substrate surfaces, achieving precise control over surface morphology, they heavily rely on high-cost, high-energy-consumption specialized equipment and suffer from low processing efficiency. More critically, such processes are typically limited to small-sized or specific geometrically shaped substrates, making them unsuitable for large-area, continuous, and low-cost industrial production requirements, resulting in severely insufficient scalability. Secondly, in process routes based on physical mixing and coating, key steps (such as the spreading or dispersion of rigid reinforcing particles) often rely on manual operation, leading to poor repeatability and easily causing uneven distribution of the reinforcing phase in the coating matrix, resulting in fluctuations in interfacial bonding strength and directly affecting the uniformity and reliability of coating performance. These limitations at the process level collectively make it difficult for existing superhydrophobic wear-resistant coating technologies to stably transition from the laboratory stage to large-scale engineering applications. Based on this, this invention designs a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability and its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability and its preparation method. The aim is to address two major technical problems of existing superhydrophobic coating technologies when applied to harsh outdoor environments: 1. Insufficient mechanical durability: Traditional superhydrophobic surfaces, relying on fragile micro-nano rough structures, are easily damaged by external forces such as sand erosion, ice crystal expansion, and daily contact wear, leading to rapid degradation or even permanent failure of hydrophobic properties. This fails to meet the long-term reliability requirements of fields such as aviation, wind power, and power transmission. 2. Complex preparation process, high cost, and difficulty in scaling up: Existing methods for improving durability (such as laser etching and chemical vapor deposition) often rely on precision equipment, resulting in complex processes, low efficiency, and high costs. They also struggle to achieve uniform and stable coating on large or complex curved surfaces, hindering the large-scale engineering application of this technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Coat the pretreated substrate surface with epoxy resin to obtain an epoxy resin layer;

[0009] S2: Silicon carbide particles are embedded into the epoxy resin layer by electrostatic sand embedding to obtain an armor layer, and then a curing reaction is carried out; under the action of electrostatic field, silicon carbide particles are induced and projected upward to the uncured epoxy resin layer, vertically embedded therein, until the surface of the epoxy resin layer is completely covered by silicon carbide particles, forming a dense semi-embedded particle layer.

[0010] S3: After curing in step S2, a modified titanium nitride nanoparticle dispersion is sprayed onto the surface of the armor layer, and dried to obtain the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability. This ensures that the hydrophobic titanium nitride nanoparticles fully fill and cover the gaps and surface of the silicon carbide micron particles.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the pretreatment process includes ultrasonic cleaning and drying of the substrate surface using an organic solvent.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the substrate is selected from metal, glass, ceramic, polymer or composite material; wherein, the metal includes aluminum alloy or stainless steel; the polymer includes polyacrylic acid board or polycarbonate board; and the surface shape of the substrate is planar or curved.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the epoxy resin coating is prepared by mixing epoxy resin and curing agent at a mass ratio of (1-10):1; the thickness of the epoxy resin layer is 0.1-1 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the curing agent includes at least one of aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, aromatic amines, polyamides, organic acids, and acid anhydrides; more preferably, the curing agent is at least one of ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, diethylaminopropylamine, p-toluenesulfonic acid, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and polyetheramine.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the particle size of the silicon carbide particles is 50 μm to 60 μm.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the applied voltage during the electrostatic sand-planting process is 25kV to 35kV, the electrode spacing is 5cm to 10cm, and the electrostatic sand-planting time is 20s. If the electrostatic voltage is too high (e.g., above 35kV), the sand particles will impact the substrate at extremely high speeds under excessively strong electric field forces, causing "lying sand" or excessive embedding, making the sand particles fall over and unable to stand upright, thus failing to form a uniform and dense "cavity" to protect the hydrophobic components. Simultaneously, the charge accumulation of the first-planted sand particles will strongly repel subsequent sand particles, resulting in uneven distribution and localized stacking. Furthermore, high kinetic energy easily causes sand particles to bounce and splash, increasing losses and contamination; excessively high voltage also increases the risk of electric spark discharge, posing a safety hazard. Conversely, if the electrostatic voltage is too low (e.g., below 25kV), it cannot provide sufficient electric field force to drive the sand particles to effectively orient and implant. The sand particles will spread randomly on the adhesive surface, similarly failing to effectively form a "cavity" to protect the hydrophobic components. Meanwhile, insufficient electric field attraction reduces the number of sand particles that can be adsorbed onto the substrate, resulting in sparse implantation density and insufficient coverage. Due to insufficient kinetic energy, the sand particles only adhere superficially, exhibiting weak adhesion to the epoxy resin coating and easily detaching during use. Furthermore, the electrode spacing should be applied in conjunction with the electrostatic voltage to create an appropriate electric field strength. This ensures sufficient electric force for the silicon carbide particles to overcome gravity and air resistance and successfully implant into the resin layer, while also allowing the silicon carbide particles to implant in an orderly, vertical orientation, forming a protective "cavity" of sufficient depth and density.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the curing temperature is 40-100℃ and the curing time is greater than 3 hours.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the modified titanium nitride nanoparticle dispersion is prepared by sequentially adding 0.2g of titanium nitride nanoparticles with a particle size of 20nm and 0.1g of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane to 10g of anhydrous ethanol and stirring thoroughly until homogeneous.

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention also provide a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability prepared by the above preparation method.

[0020] Preferably, the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating has a high water contact angle of 164°±1.6°, a low water sliding angle of 1.6°±0.5°, and a solar absorption rate as high as 0.988.

[0021] The above-described solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] This invention innovatively introduces electrostatic sand-planting technology to prepare a wear-resistant superhydrophobic surface. High-hardness silicon carbide (SiC) microparticles are implanted into an epoxy resin (EP) layer as an "armor" protective layer. Fluorinated titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles are then sprayed on to enhance photothermal properties, ultimately resulting in a coating surface with a high water contact angle (CA) of 164±1.6°, a low water slip angle (SA) of 1.6±0.5°, and a high solar absorptivity of 0.988. Through the synergistic effect of superhydrophobicity and photothermal properties, the designed multi-scale wear-resistant surface can be heated by sunlight to rapidly melt ice or frost, which can then be removed using the high contact angle and low slip angle. Furthermore, the coating of this invention possesses multi-scale characteristics, combining micron-scale silicon carbide (SiC) particles with nanoscale titanium nitride (TiN) particles. This enhances its photothermal and superhydrophobic properties. This multi-scale structure also exhibits excellent durability in terms of mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability, withstanding 1000 tape peel tests, 50 cycles of 3kPa sandpaper abrasion tests, seven days of 20W UV irradiation, and a 150°C high-temperature stability test. The photothermal superhydrophobic surface designed using this technology is inexpensive and can be scalably fabricated on various substrates, facilitating its practical application in harsh environments. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electrostatic sand-planting device used in the preparation method of the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 These are the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical stability performance diagrams of the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating of the present invention; wherein, Figure 2 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between tape peel test and high water contact angle. Figure 2 (b) is a graph showing the relationship between sandpaper abrasion test and high water contact angle. Figure 2 (c) is a graph showing the relationship between ultraviolet lamp irradiation test and high water contact angle. Figure 2 (d) is a graph showing the relationship between high-temperature stability test at 150℃ and high water contact angle;

[0026] Figure 3 The contact angle of the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating of this invention;

[0027] Figure 4 The spectral reflectance of the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating of the present invention is;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the relationship between the contact angle and roll-off angle of the tape peel test in Embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention. Figure 5 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the contact angle and roll-off angle of the coatings in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 after 50 tape peel tests. Figure 5 (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the contact angle and roll angle of the coatings of Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 in 10 tape peel tests. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this invention can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0032] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability and its preparation method.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability, including the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Substrate pretreatment: Use ethanol to ultrasonically clean the surface of the substrate for no less than 2 minutes to remove surface contaminants, and then dry the substrate at 70°C for 5 to 10 minutes to obtain a clean and dry substrate surface.

[0036] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is an acrylic flat plate with a size of 2cm × 2cm.

[0037] Step 2: Apply epoxy resin adhesive undercoat: First, mix the epoxy resin body and the curing agent at a mass ratio of 3:1 and stir for 2-3 minutes until uniform. Then, use an ultrasonic cleaner or vacuum equipment to remove air bubbles from the resin to obtain an epoxy resin coating. Next, apply the epoxy resin coating to the pretreated substrate surface using a scraper and let it stand at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes to allow the resin to level.

[0038] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the curing agent is polyetheramine.

[0039] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, ethyl acetate, comprising 20%-30% of the total mass of the epoxy resin coating, can be added as a diluent to adjust the viscosity.

[0040] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the epoxy resin layer thickness is 0.5 mm.

[0041] Step 3: Electrostatic Sand Planting to Construct the Armor Layer: Connect the battery pack to the high-voltage electrostatic generator and assemble the electrostatic sand planting device (see schematic diagram). Figure 1 The positive and negative electrode plates (10cm×10cm stainless steel plates) are placed parallel to each other in the sand planting chamber, with a distance of 5cm to 10cm between the two plates. They are connected to the positive and negative output terminals of the high-voltage electrostatic generator, respectively. The substrate coated with epoxy resin in step two is then inverted so that the coating is facing down, and is horizontally fixed between the positive and negative electrode plates in the middle of the sand planting chamber using insulating clamps. More than 3g of 240-mesh silicon carbide particles are evenly spread on the negative electrode plate. The high-voltage electrostatic generator is turned on, and the output voltage is adjusted to 30 kV. The sand planting time is controlled to be 20 seconds until the surface of the epoxy resin is completely covered by silicon carbide particles. Under the action of the electrostatic field, the silicon carbide particles are induced and projected upwards onto the uncured epoxy resin layer, vertically embedding into it to form a dense semi-embedded particle layer. The high-voltage electrostatic generator is then turned off to obtain the armor layer.

[0042] Step 4, Curing and Cleaning: Place the sand-coated sample horizontally at 70°C and cure for at least 3 hours to allow the epoxy resin to fully cross-link and cure. After the sample cools to room temperature, use a soft brush to gently brush the coating surface to remove all loose silicon carbide particles that are not firmly bonded, exposing the stable micron-scale structure composed of silicon carbide particles embedded in the resin.

[0043] Step 5: Spraying the functional surface layer: 0.2g of titanium nitride nanoparticles with a particle size of 20nm and 0.1g of low surface energy modifier are sequentially added to 10g of anhydrous ethanol and thoroughly mixed. The mixture is stirred at 1000r / min for 24 hours to obtain a mixed solution, allowing the modifier to be fully hydrolyzed and grafted onto the surface of the nanoparticles. The mixed solution is then ultrasonically dispersed for 5 to 10 minutes to form a uniform and stable suspension. The suspension is then uniformly sprayed onto the armor layer surface of the sample obtained in Step 4 using a spray gun (nozzle diameter 0.3-0.5mm). The spraying distance is 10cm to 15cm, and the spraying time is 30 seconds, until the surface is uniformly covered, ensuring that the hydrophobic titanium nitride nanoparticles fully fill and cover the gaps and surface of the silicon carbide micron particles. The sprayed sample is dried at 70℃ for 20 minutes to allow the solvent to completely evaporate. After cooling, the wear-resistant superhydrophobic photothermal composite coating is obtained. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical stability are tested as follows: Figure 2 Its contact angle is greater than 160°. ° ( Figure 3 The solar absorption rate can reach 0.988 ( ), Figure 4 ).

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] The difference from Example 1 is that the silicon carbide particles are replaced with 120 mesh, while the other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] The difference from Example 1 is that the silicon carbide particles are replaced with 400 mesh, while the other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0048] The coatings obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to 50 tape peel tests, and the contact angle and roll-off angle were measured. Figure 5 (a)). The results showed that, among 120 mesh, 240 mesh, and 400 mesh, the 240 mesh particle size was crucial for achieving wear resistance: Too coarse a particle size (low mesh count) resulted in a small number of particles per unit area and excessively large gaps, leading to a lack of sufficient, high-density microscopic protrusions in the upper titanium nitride nanocoating for protection. During wear, the nanocoating was more easily peeled off directly from the wide depressions. Too fine a particle size (high mesh count), while forming a dense surface layer, limited the physical depth and protrusion height of individual particles, resulting in insufficient depth and strength as an "armor," limited capacity for accommodating titanium nitride particles, and easy wear flattening of the microstructure, causing the nanocoating to lose its protection.

[0049] Comparative Example 3

[0050] The difference from Example 1 is that the electrostatic sand planting method in step three is replaced with the conventional mixed coating method, that is, the epoxy resin and silicon carbide particles are directly mixed. All other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0051] After performing 10 tape peel tests on Comparative Example 3 and Example 1, the contact angle and roll-off angle were measured (e.g., ...). Figure 5 (b) The results show that electrostatic sand implantation can embed silicon carbide particles into the epoxy resin layer in a neat and orderly "semi-embedded" manner, so that the silicon carbide particles are firmly bonded to the substrate and provide sufficient "cavities" to accommodate and protect the hydrophobic particles. For the surface prepared by the blending method of Comparative Example 3, although the silicon carbide particles are almost completely embedded in the resin layer and firmly fixed, the particle protrusion height is insufficient, and it is impossible to form effective protective micro-protrusions and "cavities". The nano-coating is almost directly exposed to the wear interface.

[0052] Comparative Example 4

[0053] The difference from Example 1 is that titanium nitride particles are replaced with silicon dioxide particles, while the other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0054] This invention utilizes black titanium nitride (TiN) particles to achieve efficient de-icing through the synergistic effect of active heat generation via photothermal conversion and passive anti-icing via superhydrophobicity. TiN, as a plasmon resonance material, exhibits broad-spectrum strong absorption characteristics within the solar spectrum, efficiently converting solar energy into the heat required to melt ice and frost. In contrast, silicon dioxide (SiO2) is a typical wide-bandgap dielectric, highly transparent or reflective within the solar spectrum, with extremely weak absorption, and lacks effective photothermal conversion capabilities. Replacing it with SiO2, although it can still contribute superhydrophobicity after fluorination modification, completely eliminates the crucial function of active solar heating for de-icing, reducing the system to a purely passive superhydrophobic surface with limited performance, unable to achieve rapid ice melting and defrosting. Furthermore, the difference in hardness between TiN and SiO2 (8 to 9 and 6.5 to 7, respectively) also leads to differences in the durability of the final coating.

[0055] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Apply an epoxy resin coating to the surface of the pretreated substrate to obtain an epoxy resin layer; S2: Silicon carbide particles are embedded into the epoxy resin layer by electrostatic sand embedding to obtain an armor layer, and then a curing reaction is carried out. S3: Spray modified titanium nitride nanoparticle dispersion onto the surface of the armor layer after curing in step S2, and dry to obtain the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability.

2. The method for preparing a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the pretreatment process includes ultrasonic cleaning and drying of the substrate surface using an organic solvent.

3. The method for preparing a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the substrate is selected from metal, glass, ceramic, polymer or composite material; wherein, metal includes aluminum alloy or stainless steel; polymer includes polyacrylic acid board or polycarbonate board; the surface shape of the substrate is planar or curved.

4. The method for preparing the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the epoxy resin coating is prepared by mixing epoxy resin and curing agent at a mass ratio of (1-10):1; the thickness of the epoxy resin layer is 0.1-1mm.

5. The method for preparing a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the particle size of the silicon carbide particles is 50 μm to 60 μm.

6. The method for preparing the photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the voltage applied during the electrostatic sand planting process is 25kV to 35kV, the electrode spacing is 5cm to 10cm, and the electrostatic sand planting time is 20s.

7. The method for preparing a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the curing temperature is 40-100℃ and the curing time is greater than 3 hours.

8. The method for preparing a photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the modified titanium nitride nanoparticle dispersion is prepared by sequentially adding titanium nitride nanoparticles and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane to anhydrous ethanol and stirring thoroughly until homogeneous.

9. A photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating with excellent durability according to claim 9, characterized in that, The photothermal superhydrophobic anti-icing coating has a high water contact angle of 164°±1.6°, a low water sliding angle of 1.6°±0.5°, and a solar absorption rate as high as 0.988.

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