Method for recording upper pressure data of near oil layer of high-temperature and high-pressure ultra-deep well

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas resource exploration and development, in particular to a high-temperature and high-pressure ultra-deep well near oil layer upper portion pressure data recording method which comprises the steps of collecting data of a to-be-tested oil well, determining working parameter indexes of micro monitors, starting monitoring after grouping the micro monitors, predicting the dissolution time of soluble metal micro monitor bases, and recording data of the to-be-tested oil well. Processing an oil pipe testing short section, setting the starting time of the micro monitor, recovering the micro monitor, obtaining well shut-in pressure recovery data close to the oil layer integrity, and analyzing the data to obtain well testing formation parameters. Complete pressure data close to an oil layer can be obtained, guidance is provided for well testing analysis and accurate reservoir evaluation, the safety coefficient is high, the cost is low, the monitored temperature and pressure data are accurate, the method is applied and verified in multiple blocks such as Xinjiang oil fields and Tarim oil fields, and the effect is remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas resource exploration and development technology, and is a method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells. Background Technology

[0002] Deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs have become the main battleground for oil and gas resource exploration and development in my country, and are a key area for ensuring national energy security. High-temperature and high-pressure deep wells typically refer to oil wells with bottom-hole temperatures exceeding 150℃ and wellhead pressures exceeding 70MPa or bottom-hole pressures exceeding 105MPa. Compared with conventional oil wells, high-temperature and high-pressure oil wells present greater challenges in well testing and completion operations.

[0003] During high-temperature, high-pressure, and ultra-deep well testing, it is necessary to record shut-in pressure recovery data for reservoir analysis and evaluation. Pressure data recording primarily involves downhole test string-mounted pressure gauges and cable-mounted pressure gauges. For downhole test string-mounted pressure gauges, as described in the paper "Reservoir Evaluation and Production Analysis of Gaotan-1 Well" by authors such as Chen Chaofeng, downhole temperature and pressure data are only obtained after the test string is retrieved, resulting in poor timeliness. Furthermore, the pressure gauge holder is installed above the packer, 90 to 150 meters above the top of the oil layer. The surface blowout preventer (BOP) combined with cable-mounted pressure gauge testing process places high demands on the BOP system and cable, posing high operational safety risks. During monitoring, to prevent cable twisting, a distance of at least 30 meters above the oil layer is required. The temperature and pressure data monitored by the two processes deviate from the temperature and pressure of the formation at the perforation. The monitored temperature and pressure need to be converted to the middle of the oil layer. For example, Zhang Yan et al. published a paper entitled "Method for Converting Bottom Flow Pressure in Deep Gas Wells and Its Application", which proposed to use the integral iteration method to convert the bottom flow pressure. Deng Hu et al. published a paper entitled "Study on the Evolution Law of Complex Flow Pressure in Ultra-Deep Wells with High Temperature and High Pressure", which proposed to establish a set of mathematical models for complex flow in the entire wellbore of ultra-deep wells based on the drift flow model.

[0004] However, for high-temperature, high-pressure, and ultra-deep wells, multiphase flow is complex, mathematical models are difficult to solve, and pressure calculations contain errors, failing to accurately reflect the actual formation conditions and hindering reservoir evaluation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method for acquiring pressure data in the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, and ultra-deep wells, which can accurately acquire downhole pressure data and provide guidance for accurate reservoir evaluation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for acquiring pressure data in the upper part of the near-oil layer of high-temperature, high-pressure, and ultra-deep wells, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology. It can effectively solve the problem that when acquiring shut-in pressure recovery data in the upper part of the near-oil layer of existing high-temperature, high-pressure, and ultra-deep wells, the complex multiphase flow, the difficulty in solving the mathematical model, and the error in pressure conversion can not accurately reflect the actual formation conditions.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is achieved through the following measures: a method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in a high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep well, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The first step is to collect data on oil wells awaiting testing within the exploration and development area;

[0008] The second step is to estimate the time required to run the perforating gun string and design the well opening flow time and well shut-in recovery time after perforation.

[0009] The third step is to determine the operating parameters of the micro monitor based on the data from the oil well to be tested.

[0010] The fourth step is to group the miniature monitors according to the monitoring time and then start monitoring, with two miniature monitors set up in each group;

[0011] The fifth step is to estimate the dissolution time of the soluble metal micro-monitor seat based on the data of the oil well to be tested, the time required to run the perforation gun string, the well opening flow time after perforation, and the well shut-in recovery time.

[0012] Step 6: Machining the tubing test section and embedding the soluble metal micro-monitor housing into the tubing test section;

[0013] Step 7: Set the activation time of the miniature monitor in front of the lower firing port barrel column;

[0014] Step 8: Install the miniature monitor inside the soluble metal miniature monitor holder;

[0015] Step 9: Lower the firing port barrel column;

[0016] Step 10: After perforation, perform well shut-off operations and retrieve the miniature monitoring device;

[0017] The eleventh step involves replaying the temperature and pressure data stored inside the micro-monitor during well shut-in operations to obtain shut-in pressure recovery data that closely resembles the complete oil layer. Well test analysis is then performed on the shut-in pressure recovery data to obtain the well test formation parameters.

[0018] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution:

[0019] In the first step mentioned above, the data for the oil well to be tested includes the expected temperature data, formation pressure data, and formation water salinity data of the oil layer to be tested.

[0020] In the third step above, the operating parameters of the miniature monitor include: temperature resistance of 175℃ to 185℃, pressure resistance of 170MPa to 180MPa, outer diameter of the miniature monitor of 10mm to 18mm, length of the miniature monitor of 18mm to 25mm, and operating time of the miniature monitor of T. 工作 ,

[0021] T工作 ≥T2+T3

[0022] Where T2 is the well opening flow time after the designed perforation, in hours; and T3 is the well shut-in recovery time, in hours.

[0023] In the fourth step above, the process of the miniature monitor starting monitoring includes:

[0024] The time required to set the perforation gun string is T1, the well flow time after perforation is T2, and the well shut-in recovery time is T3. At time T2-2 of production, the two micro-monitors in the first group are simultaneously activated. The first group of two micro-monitors operates for T... 工作 At -1 hour, the two miniature monitors in the second group start simultaneously, and so on, with the total working time of all miniature monitors being T. 工作总 It is greater than the well shut-in recovery time T3.

[0025] In the fifth step above, the dissolution time of the soluble metal micro-monitor holder is set to T. 溶 Hour,

[0026] T 溶 =M*(T1+T2+T3)

[0027] Where T1 is the time required to run the perforating gun string (in hours); T2 is the well flow time after perforation (in hours); T3 is the shut-in recovery time (in hours); and M is a coefficient, M≥1.3.

[0028] In the sixth step above, the inner diameter of the soluble metal micro-monitor holder is the same as the inner diameter of the perforation string.

[0029] In step seven above, the startup time of the miniature monitor is set to T. 启 The first set of micro-monitors is activated at the end of the well opening process and two hours before the well is shut in, and the other sets of micro-monitors are activated sequentially.

[0030] T 启 =T1+T2-2

[0031] Where T1 is the time required for the perforation gun string to be lowered, in hours; and T2 is the well flow time after perforation, in hours.

[0032] In the ninth step above, the perforation gun barrel structure, from bottom to top, includes: perforation gun, screen tube, shock absorber, test sub and oil pipe.

[0033] In step ten above, the process of recovering the micro-monitor includes:

[0034] First, after perforation and well opening flow for 2-2 hours, the two miniature monitors in the first group are activated simultaneously, and the well is shut in for 3 hours.

[0035] Then, select an oil nozzle smaller than the outer diameter of the micromonitor and start production again. After the soluble metal micromonitor seat dissolves, the micromonitor is flushed into the surface testing process.

[0036] Finally, based on the increase in oil pressure or decrease in production on the ground, determine whether the micro monitor is clogged with the nozzle. When checking the nozzle, remove the micro monitor.

[0037] This invention can obtain complete pressure data close to the oil layer, providing guidance for well test analysis and accurate reservoir evaluation. It has a high safety factor, low cost, and accurate temperature and pressure data. It has been applied and verified in multiple blocks such as Xinjiang Oilfield and Tarim Oilfield, with significant results. Attached Figure Description Appendix Figure 1 This is a pressure data graph of the first group of micro monitors in Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Appendix Figure 2 This is a pressure data graph of the second group of micro monitors in Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Appendix Figure 3 This is a pressure data graph of the third group of micro monitors in Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Appendix Figure 4 This is a pressure data graph of the fourth group of micro monitors in Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Appendix Figure 5 This is a pressure data graph of the fifth group of micro monitors in Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Appendix Figure 6 This is a stitched image of five sets of data from the micro monitors in Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Appendix Figure 7 This is a well test curve with double logarithmic derivative of pressure obtained from well shut-in pressure recovery data analysis in Embodiment 10 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0040] Example 1: A method for acquiring pressure data in the upper part of the near-oil layer of a high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep well, including the following steps:

[0041] The first step is to collect data on oil wells awaiting testing within the exploration and development area;

[0042] The second step is to estimate the time required to run the perforating gun string and design the well opening flow time and well shut-in recovery time after perforation.

[0043] The third step is to determine the operating parameters of the micro monitor based on the data from the oil well to be tested.

[0044] The fourth step is to group the miniature monitors according to the monitoring time and then start monitoring, with two miniature monitors set up in each group;

[0045] The fifth step is to estimate the dissolution time of the soluble metal micro-monitor seat based on the data of the oil well to be tested, the time required to run the perforation gun string, the well opening flow time after perforation, and the well shut-in recovery time.

[0046] Step 6: Machining the tubing test section and embedding the soluble metal micro-monitor housing into the tubing test section;

[0047] Step 7: Set the activation time of the miniature monitor in front of the lower firing port barrel column;

[0048] Step 8: Install the miniature monitor inside the soluble metal miniature monitor holder;

[0049] Step 9: Lower the firing port barrel column;

[0050] Step 10: After perforation, perform well shut-off operations and retrieve the miniature monitoring device;

[0051] The eleventh step involves replaying the temperature and pressure data stored inside the micro-monitor during well shut-in operations to obtain shut-in pressure recovery data that closely resembles the complete oil layer. Well test analysis is then performed on the shut-in pressure recovery data to obtain the well test formation parameters.

[0052] The micro-monitor in this invention is a product manufactured using microencapsulation technology. It involves encapsulating a microchip capable of monitoring bottom-hole temperature and pressure within a polymer film, forming a miniature package. During downhole operations, it is used in well-start / stop-well operations. By collecting temperature and pressure data during these operations, then releasing and replaying the data, it obtains early downhole data for high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep well testing, thereby solving specific engineering problems. Depending on the requirements, the micro-monitor in this invention can be any existing, known micro-monitor.

[0053] This invention utilizes miniature monitors capable of monitoring temperature and pressure. The miniature monitors are embedded in a soluble metal miniature monitor holder, which is then housed within a tubing test section. The tubing test section is connected to the top of the perforation gun and inserted into the well along with the perforation string. The miniature monitors are grouped and activated in a distributed manner. During well testing, perforation, and well opening / closing operations, the miniature monitors monitor downhole temperature and pressure. After monitoring is complete, well production begins, the soluble metal miniature monitor holder dissolves, the miniature monitor detaches, and is flushed to the surface for recovery. Data from each group of miniature monitors is replayed and stitched together to obtain complete downhole temperature and pressure data. The advantages of this method are high safety, low cost, and accurate temperature and pressure data.

[0054] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution:

[0055] Example 2: As an optimization of the above example, in the first step, the data of the oil well to be tested includes the expected temperature data, formation pressure data and formation water salinity data of the oil layer to be tested.

[0056] Example 3: As an optimization of the above embodiment, in the third step, the operating parameters of the micro monitor include: temperature resistance of 175℃ to 185℃, pressure resistance of 170MPa to 180MPa, outer diameter of the micro monitor of 10mm to 18mm, length of the micro monitor of 18mm to 25mm, and operating time of the micro monitor of T. 工作 ,

[0057] T 工作 ≥T2+T3

[0058] Where T2 is the well opening flow time after the designed perforation, in hours; and T3 is the well shut-in recovery time, in hours.

[0059] Example 4: As an optimization of the above examples, in the fourth step, the process of the micro monitor starting monitoring includes:

[0060] The time required to set the perforation gun string is T1, the well flow time after perforation is T2, and the well shut-in recovery time is T3. At time T2-2 of production, the two micro-monitors in the first group are simultaneously activated. The first group of two micro-monitors operates for T... 工作 At -1 hour, the two miniature monitors in the second group start simultaneously, and so on, with the total working time of all miniature monitors being T. 工作总 It is greater than the well shut-in recovery time T3.

[0061] Example 5: As an optimization of the above embodiment, in the fifth step, the dissolution time of the soluble metal micro-monitor holder is set to T. 溶 Hour,

[0062] T 溶 =M*(T1+T2+T3)

[0063] Where T1 is the time required to run the perforating gun string (in hours); T2 is the well flow time after perforation (in hours); T3 is the shut-in recovery time (in hours); and M is a coefficient, M≥1.3.

[0064] Example 6: As an optimization of the above example, in the sixth step, the inner diameter of the soluble metal micro-monitor seat is the same as the inner diameter of the perforation string.

[0065] Example 7: As an optimization of the above embodiment, in step seven, the startup time of the micro monitor is set to T. 启The first set of micro-monitors is activated at the end of the well opening process and two hours before the well is shut in, and the other sets of micro-monitors are activated sequentially.

[0066] T 启 =T1+T2-2

[0067] Where T1 is the time required for the perforation gun string to be lowered, in hours; and T2 is the well flow time after perforation, in hours.

[0068] Example 8: As an optimization of the above example, in the ninth step, the perforation gun barrel structure includes, from bottom to top: perforation gun, screen tube, shock absorber, packer, test valve, tubing test section and tubing.

[0069] Example 9: As an optimization of the above embodiment, in step ten, the process of recovering the micro monitor includes:

[0070] First, after perforation and well opening flow for 2-2 hours, the two miniature monitors in the first group are activated simultaneously, and the well is shut in for 3 hours.

[0071] Then, select an oil nozzle smaller than the outer diameter of the micromonitor and start production again. After the soluble metal micromonitor seat dissolves, the micromonitor is flushed into the surface testing process.

[0072] Finally, based on the increase in oil pressure or decrease in production on the ground, determine whether the micro monitor is clogged with the nozzle. When checking the nozzle, remove the micro monitor.

[0073] Example 10: A method for acquiring pressure data in the upper part of the near-oil layer of a high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep well, comprising the following steps:

[0074] The first step involved collecting data from adjacent wells at HT102, a test well on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin: temperature 130℃ to 160℃, formation pressure 120MPa to 150MPa, formation water salinity 9000mg / L to 14000mg / L, and CL... - The concentration ranges from 3200 mg / L to 4800 mg / L, providing guidance for the optimal selection of soluble metal materials;

[0075] The second step is to run the perforating gun string for 24 hours, and after perforation, the well will be open for 48 hours of flow and shut in for 96 hours of recovery.

[0076] The third step is to determine the temperature and pressure resistance and operating time T of the micro-monitor based on the predicted temperature and pressure of the oil layer to be tested. 工作 Specifications: Temperature resistance 180℃, pressure resistance 175MPa, outer diameter of miniature monitor 10mm, length 18mm, working time of each miniature monitor 24 hours;

[0077] The fourth step is to start monitoring by grouping the micro monitors according to the monitoring time. Each group is set with two micro monitors. When the production reaches the 46th hour, the two micro monitors in the first group start simultaneously. After the first group has worked for 23 hours, the two micro monitors in the second group start simultaneously. After the second group has worked for 23 hours, the two micro monitors in the third group start simultaneously, and so on. The total working time of the micro monitors is 115 hours. The specific operation information is shown in Table 1.

[0078] Fifth step, based on the first and second steps above, the estimated dissolution time of the soluble metal micro-monitor holder is T. 溶 T 溶 =1.3×(24+48+96)=218.4, where M takes the value 1.3, to determine the material of the soluble metal micro-monitor base;

[0079] Step 6: Machining the tubing test section. The soluble metal micro-monitor housing is built into the tubing test section. The inner diameter of the soluble metal micro-monitor housing is the same as the diameter of the perforation string, which is 62mm.

[0080] Step 7: Set the activation time T of the miniature monitor in front of the lower firing port barrel column. 启 T 启 =24+48-2=70. After the tubing test section is inserted into the well, the first group of micro monitors will start monitoring at 70 hours, and the other groups of instruments will start monitoring in sequence.

[0081] Step 8: Install 10 miniature monitors in the soluble metal miniature monitor holder, which is then installed inside the tubing test section.

[0082] Step 9: Lower the perforation gun string. The string structure from bottom to top consists of: perforation gun, screen, shock absorber, tubing test section, and tubing. The tubing test section is located 8m from the top of the oil layer.

[0083] Step 10: After perforation, the well was opened for production. The oil pressure was 71 MPa, with a daily oil production of 25 cubic meters and a daily gas production of 310,000 cubic meters. After 48 hours of production, the well was shut in for 96 hours. Production was then resumed using a 6mm nozzle. After 12 hours of production, no fluid was discharged from the outlet, and the oil pressure rose to 78 MPa. It was determined that the nozzle was blocked. Upon inspection of the nozzle, two micro-monitors were found. After 48 hours of production, the nozzle was inspected again, but no micro-monitors were found. Potassium chloride solution was pumped from the surface into the wellbore. After soaking for 10 hours, the well was opened for backflow. After 6 hours of backflow, the oil pressure rose and the production decreased. Upon inspection of the nozzle, all micro-monitors were found.

[0084] Step 11: Play back the data stored inside the micromonitor, stitch the data together to obtain complete shut-in pressure recovery data, and perform well test analysis on the shut-in pressure recovery data to obtain formation parameters such as formation permeability 1351 mD, skin factor 470, and extrapolated formation pressure 134.24 MPa. The pressure data from the micromonitor in groups 1 to 5 are as follows: Figures 1 to 5 As shown in the image, a composite image of data from five miniature monitors is presented. Figure 6 As shown, the pressure double logarithmic derivative well test curve obtained from the well test analysis of shut-in pressure recovery data is as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0085] The method for collecting pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells according to this invention has been applied and verified in multiple blocks of this oilfield, with significant results.

[0086] In summary, this invention can quickly acquire early oil testing data, has a high safety factor, low cost, and provides accurate temperature and pressure data. It has been applied and verified in multiple oilfield blocks with significant results, providing guidance for safe oil testing operations and geological research.

[0087] The above technical features constitute the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which has strong adaptability and optimal implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.

[0088] Table 1

[0089]

Claims

1. A method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in a high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep well, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: The first step is to collect data on oil wells awaiting testing within the exploration and development area; The second step is to estimate the time required to run the perforating gun string and design the well opening flow time and well shut-in recovery time after perforation. The third step is to determine the operating parameters of the micro monitor based on the data from the oil well to be tested. The fourth step is to group the miniature monitors according to the monitoring time and then start monitoring, with two miniature monitors set up in each group; The fifth step is to estimate the dissolution time of the soluble metal micro-monitor seat based on the data of the oil well to be tested, the time required to run the perforation gun string, the well opening flow time after perforation, and the well shut-in recovery time. Step 6: Machining the tubing test section and embedding the soluble metal micro-monitor housing into the tubing test section; Step 7: Set the activation time of the miniature monitor in front of the lower firing port barrel column; Step 8: Install the miniature monitor inside the soluble metal miniature monitor holder; Step 9: Lower the firing port barrel column; Step 10: After perforation, close the well and retrieve the miniature monitor; The eleventh step involves replaying the temperature and pressure data stored inside the micro-monitor during well shut-in operations to obtain shut-in pressure recovery data that closely resembles the complete oil layer. Well test analysis is then performed on the shut-in pressure recovery data to obtain the well test formation parameters.

2. The method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells according to claim 1, characterized in that... In the first step, the data for the oil well to be tested includes the expected temperature data, formation pressure data, and formation water salinity data of the oil layer to be tested.

3. The method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... In the third step, the operating parameters of the miniature monitor include: temperature resistance of 175℃ to 185℃, pressure resistance of 170MPa to 180MPa, outer diameter of 10mm to 18mm, length of 18mm to 25mm, and operating time of T. 工作 .

4. The method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that... In the fourth step, the process of the miniature monitor starting monitoring includes: The time required to set the perforation gun string is T1, the well flow time after perforation is T2, and the well shut-in recovery time is T3. At time T2-2 of production, the two micro-monitors in the first group are simultaneously activated. The first group of two micro-monitors operates for T... 工作 At -1 hour, the two miniature monitors in the second group start simultaneously, and so on, with the total working time of all miniature monitors being T. 工作总 It is greater than the well shut-in recovery time T3.

5. The method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells according to claim 4, characterized in that... In the fifth step, the dissolution time of the soluble metal micro-monitor holder is set to T. 溶 Hour, T 溶 =M*(T1+T2+T3) Where T1 is the time required to run the perforating gun string (in hours); T2 is the well flow time after perforation (in hours); T3 is the shut-in recovery time (in hours); and M is a coefficient, M≥1.

3.

6. The method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that... In step six, the inner diameter of the soluble metal micro-monitor holder is the same as the inner diameter of the perforation string.

7. The method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that... In step seven, the startup time of the miniature monitor is set to T. 启 The first set of micro-monitors is activated at the end of the well opening process and two hours before the well is shut in, and the other sets of micro-monitors are activated sequentially. T 启 =T1+T2-2 Where T1 is the time required for the perforation gun string to be lowered, in hours; and T2 is the well flow time after perforation, in hours.

8. The method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that... In step nine, the perforating gun barrel structure, from bottom to top, includes: the perforating gun, the screen tube, the shock absorber, the test sub, and the tubing.

9. The method for acquiring pressure data of the upper part of the near-oil layer in high-temperature, high-pressure, ultra-deep wells according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that... In step ten, the process of recovering the micro-monitor includes: First, after perforation and well opening flow for 2-2 hours, the two miniature monitors in the first group are activated simultaneously, and the well is shut in for 3 hours. Then, select an oil nozzle smaller than the outer diameter of the micromonitor and start production again. After the soluble metal micromonitor seat dissolves, the micromonitor is flushed into the surface testing process. Finally, based on the increase in oil pressure or decrease in production on the ground, determine whether the micro monitor is clogged with the nozzle. When checking the nozzle, remove the micro monitor.

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