Wide-temperature-zone sealing ring

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sealing rings, and discloses a wide-temperature-zone sealing ring which comprises a sealing ring body, the sealing ring body comprises a sealing layer, a thin film layer and a compensation layer, the outer portion of the thin film layer is arranged in the sealing layer, and the outer portion of the compensation layer is arranged in the thin film layer; the sealing layer and the thin film layer are supported by different materials and are made of fully-sealed elastic flexible materials, and the thickness of the thin film layer is smaller than that of the sealing layer; the compensation layer and the sealing layer are supported by different materials, and the linear expansion of the materials of the compensation layer and the sealing layer is opposite; the thickness of the compensation layer is inversely proportional to the thickness of the sealing layer according to the linear expansion coefficients of the two materials. The materials of the sealing layer and the compensation layer are selected, so that the compensation layer expands at low temperature to offset lost sealing pressure, the compensation layer shrinks at high temperature to buffer excessive extrusion, uniform contact stress of the sealing ring is maintained in extreme temperature fluctuation, and the effect of zero-damage self-adaptive sealing in the whole temperature range is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sealing ring technology, specifically a wide-temperature-range sealing ring. Background Technology

[0002] A sealing ring is a ring-shaped sealing element used to prevent fluid leakage at the joints of mechanical parts. It is widely used in hydraulic equipment, pipeline connections, automotive engines, home appliances, and other scenarios requiring sealing. Its working principle relies on its own elastic or plastic deformation, which compresses it between two sealing surfaces during assembly, forming a tight contact pressure that blocks the leakage path of the medium. The performance of a sealing ring depends on its material, structure, and size design. In addition, the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the sealing ring directly affect the sealing effect. Its failure is mostly caused by wear, aging, deformation, or improper installation. Therefore, it is necessary to select the appropriate type according to the usage environment and maintain and replace it regularly to ensure the sealing reliability of the equipment. It is a key basic component for ensuring the operating efficiency and safety of mechanical systems.

[0003] The relevant sealing rings achieve basic sealing through the elastic deformation of a single material. However, their inherent thermal expansion characteristics cannot be self-regulated in environments with drastic temperature changes. This leads to leakage caused by the decrease in sealing pressure when the seal contracts at low temperatures, and material failure due to overpressure damage when the seal expands at high temperatures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a wide-temperature-range sealing ring, which solves the problems of leakage caused by the attenuation of sealing pressure during low-temperature contraction and material overpressure damage and failure during high-temperature expansion, which are caused by the sealing ring achieving basic sealing through the elastic deformation of a single material.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a wide temperature range sealing ring, comprising a sealing ring, the sealing ring including a sealing layer, a thin film layer and a compensation layer, wherein the outer side of the thin film layer is disposed inside the sealing layer, and the outer side of the compensation layer is disposed inside the thin film layer.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, the wide-temperature-range sealing ring achieves temperature-adaptive sealing through a structure consisting of a sealing layer, a thin film layer, and a compensation layer: the inherent thermal expansion characteristics of the sealing layer material and the negative expansion behavior of the compensation layer form a reverse deformation coupling, while the thin film layer ensures physical isolation and stress transmission between materials; under low-temperature conditions, the compensation layer actively expands to offset the pressure attenuation caused by the shrinkage of the sealing layer; under high-temperature conditions, the shrinkage of the compensation layer, together with the sealing groove structure, guides the sealing layer to orderly fill the deformation gap, dynamically balancing the sealing contact stress across the entire temperature range, ultimately achieving a reliable protective effect where the sealing ring autonomously maintains a constant sealing interface without material damage in environments with severe temperature changes.

[0007] Preferably, the sealing layer and the film layer are supported by different materials, both of which are fully sealed elastic flexible materials, and the thickness of the film layer is lower than that of the sealing layer.

[0008] By employing the above-mentioned technical means, the thin design of the thin film layer reduces the delay of heat conduction, ensuring that the deformation energy of the compensation layer is transferred to the sealing layer in a timely manner when the temperature changes. At the same time, its elastic properties avoid stress concentration and maintain the flexible fit of the sealing interface.

[0009] Preferably, the compensation layer and the sealing layer are supported by different materials with opposite linear expansion.

[0010] By employing the above-mentioned technical means, the linear expansion coefficients of the compensation layer and the sealing layer are opposite, and they can self-compensate during temperature changes: at low temperatures, the compensation layer actively expands to fill the shrinkage gap, and at high temperatures, it shrinks to reserve buffer space, forming a dynamic balance of stress adjustment.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the compensation layer and the thickness of the sealing layer are set inversely proportional to the linear expansion coefficients of the two materials.

[0012] By employing the above-mentioned technical means and setting the thickness inversely based on the material expansion coefficient, the deformation of the compensation layer and the sealing layer are matched, avoiding unilateral material overload and achieving efficient neutralization of bidirectional deformation.

[0013] Preferably, in the original state, the thickness of the compensation layer causes the sealing layer to generate an outward force, and the sealing layer is in an expanded state.

[0014] By employing the above-mentioned technical means, the radial preload applied by the compensation layer to the sealing layer in its original state, together with the assembly compression, forms an adaptive stress reserve, providing initial assurance for the equalization of sealing pressure across the entire temperature range.

[0015] Preferably, the sealing layer is fixedly connected to the interior of an inlay block two, the film layer is fixedly connected to the exterior of an inlay block one, the film layer is fixedly connected to the interior of a limiting block two, and the compensation layer is fixedly connected to the exterior of a limiting block one.

[0016] By employing the above-mentioned technical means, the first inlay block, the second inlay block, the first limiting block, and the second limiting block form an interlocking structure between the layers. The interlocking of the concave and convex parts increases the contact area between the layers, suppresses the risk of misalignment caused by vibration, and enhances the heat conduction efficiency.

[0017] Preferably, the outer side of the second insert block is disposed on the side wall of the thin film layer, the outer side of the first insert block is disposed on the side wall of the sealing layer, the outer side of the second limiting block is disposed on the inside of the compensation layer, and the outer side of the first limiting block is disposed on the inside of the thin film layer.

[0018] By employing the aforementioned technical means, the interlocking of the insert block one with the sealing layer groove and the limiting block one with the film layer groove forms a mechanical self-locking mechanism to prevent misalignment and rotation between different layers.

[0019] Preferably, the first inlay block has a second flow-limiting hole inside, the second inlay block has a first flow-limiting hole inside, the first limiting block has a second flow-guiding hole inside, and the second limiting block has a first flow-guiding hole inside.

[0020] By employing the above-mentioned technical means, the liquids filled in the flow-limiting hole one, flow-limiting hole two, flow-guiding hole one and flow-guiding hole two have different functions. Under the guidance of the interlocking structure formed by the insert one and the sealing layer groove, and the limiting block one and the film layer groove, they play a certain role in the interlayer. That is, at low temperature, the expanding liquid pushes the compensation layer to expand outward, at high temperature the vaporized medium absorbs the overpressure, and the inert layer maintains chemical inertness, thereby achieving multi-level synergistic protection.

[0021] Preferably, the sealing ring is provided with an installation block on its exterior, and the installation block has an installation groove inside.

[0022] By employing the above-mentioned technical means, the mounting block and mounting groove can be quickly positioned, and the sealing ring can be securely installed by bolt tightening, thus avoiding uneven stress distribution caused by manual assembly deviation.

[0023] Preferably, the mounting block has a slot inside, and the outer part of the sealing ring is disposed inside the slot.

[0024] By employing the above-mentioned technical means, the interference fit design of the slot and the sealing ring forms a radial constraint within the mounting block, which not only prevents damage to the sealing structure during installation but also ensures that the preload is evenly transmitted along the circumference.

[0025] Working Principle: The wide-temperature-range sealing ring achieves autonomous adaptation and compensation to temperature changes through material properties, mechanical structure, and mechanical design. Specifically, the sealing ring first pairs the sealing layer and the compensation layer with materials that expand in opposite directions. The sealing layer uses materials such as highly elastic fluororubber, while the compensation layer uses materials such as negative expansion modified hydrogel or zirconate tungstate ceramic composites to construct a basis for autonomous compensation of temperature deformation. In low-temperature environments, the compensation layer expands due to cold, generating radial thrust, which is efficiently transferred to the sealing layer through the thin film layer, effectively offsetting the sealing pressure attenuation caused by its cold contraction and maintaining a tight interface. In high-temperature conditions, the compensation layer actively contracts, forming controllable micropores between the layers, providing space for the thermal expansion of the sealing layer. At the same time, with the structural constraint of the sealing groove, the sealing layer is guided to fill the gaps in an orderly manner, avoiding permanent deformation or damage due to excessive compression. As a key stress transfer medium, the thin film layer not only solves the compatibility problem between heterogeneous materials and prevents the swelling and erosion of the rubber sealing layer by water-based compensating agents, but also ensures efficient transmission and uniform distribution of deformation force through its flexible properties, avoiding local stress concentration. Secondly, the three-dimensional interlocking structure further enhances the system stability: the insert blocks and limiting blocks form a three-dimensional mechanical interlocking structure between the layers, increasing the contact area. On the one hand, it suppresses the risk of interlayer misalignment caused by vibration and impact, and on the other hand, it provides a directional flow channel for the built-in functional liquids. These liquids respond to temperature changes in zones. At low temperatures, they expand and push the compensation layer to expand and fill the gap. At high temperatures, they vaporize and absorb overpressure energy. The inert layer continuously ensures chemical stability, thus forming a multi-level synergistic protection and completely eliminating the hidden danger of local failure. Finally, the system achieves dynamic balance through preload design and modular installation: the compensation layer applies a continuous radial preload to the sealing layer in its original state, keeping the sealing ring in a moderately pre-expanded state; after assembly, this preload is coupled with the compression of the sealing groove to form a dynamically adjustable stress reserve, ensuring adaptive and balanced sealing pressure throughout the entire process from low temperature to high temperature; combined with the modular design of the special mounting block and slot, the sealing ring can be quickly and accurately positioned and bolted, avoiding assembly deviations and ensuring uniform stress distribution.

[0026] This invention provides a wide-temperature-range sealing ring. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention selects materials for the sealing layer and the compensation layer. Typically, the sealing layer is made of conventional sealing materials such as rubber and silicone, which have a positive coefficient of linear expansion. The choice of materials for the compensation layer is limited. The coefficient of expansion of negative expansion solids is generally small, and their compensation capacity is limited. Negative expansion solids can be made of materials such as modified hydrogels, zirconium tungstate ceramics, and water to achieve macroscopic negative expansion. This allows the compensation layer to expand at low temperatures to offset the lost sealing pressure, and to shrink at high temperatures to buffer excessive compression. This enables the sealing ring to maintain uniform contact stress in extreme temperature fluctuations, achieving a zero-damage adaptive sealing effect across the entire temperature range.

[0027] 2. This invention involves uniformly installing a plurality of limiting blocks one on the outer side of the compensation layer, while simultaneously opening grooves corresponding to the limiting blocks one on the inner side of the film layer. A second limiting block two is installed on the inner side of the film layer, and a corresponding groove is opened on the outer side of the compensation layer. The interlocking structure formed by the limiting blocks one and two, along with their corresponding grooves, increases the contact area between the film layer and the compensation layer. This prevents the film layer and the compensation layer from shifting or rotating due to external impacts on the sealing ring, thereby increasing the internal stability of the sealing ring and preventing internal misalignment that could compromise the sealing performance.

[0028] 3. This invention creates holes inside each of the first insert block, the second insert block, the first limiting block, and the second limiting block, and fills the holes with substances such as fluorinated inert liquid, antifreeze, and water. The aforementioned interlocking structure increases the contact area between different layers inside the sealing ring, thereby achieving the effect of liquid expansion to compensate for shrinkage and sealing in the low-temperature zone, liquid vaporization to buffer extrusion stress in the high-temperature zone, and the inert liquid layer maintaining chemical stability. This eliminates the risk of local failure and achieves a reliable, adaptive sealing effect across the entire temperature range. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a wide-temperature-range sealing ring proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sealing layer of a wide temperature range sealing ring proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of an insert block for a wide-temperature-range sealing ring proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the inlay block two of a wide temperature range sealing ring proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the limiting block two of a wide temperature range sealing ring proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of a limiting block for a wide-temperature-range sealing ring proposed in this invention. Figure 7 This is a partial schematic diagram of the mounting block mechanism for a wide-temperature-range sealing ring proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the mounting groove for a wide-temperature-range sealing ring proposed in this invention.

[0030] Among them, 1. sealing ring; 2. sealing layer; 3. thin film layer; 4. compensation layer; 5. insert block one; 6. insert block two; 7. limiting block one; 8. limiting block two; 9. flow limiting hole one; 10. flow limiting hole two; 11. guide hole one; 12. guide hole two; 13. mounting block; 14. mounting groove; 15. slot. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1 Please see the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2This invention provides a wide temperature range sealing ring, including a sealing ring 1. The sealing ring 1 includes a sealing layer 2, a thin film layer 3, and a compensation layer 4, wherein the outer surface of the thin film layer 3 is disposed inside the sealing layer 2, and the outer surface of the compensation layer 4 is disposed inside the thin film layer 3.

[0033] Specifically, a wide-temperature-range sealing ring is designed with the sealing layer 2 and compensation layer 4 made of selected materials. The sealing layer 2 is typically made of conventional sealing materials such as rubber or silicone, which have a positive coefficient of linear expansion. The compensation layer 4 has fewer material options; negative expansion solids generally have a small coefficient of expansion and limited compensation capacity. Negative expansion solids can be made of modified hydrogels, zirconate tungstate ceramics, or water to achieve macroscopic negative expansion. The thickness of the sealing layer 2 and compensation layer 4 is determined based on their coefficients of expansion. A thin film layer 3 encapsulates the compensation layer 4 to isolate the sealing layer 2 and compensation layer 4. The compatibility between the two materials is generally poor; the thin film layer 3 prevents direct contact between them. If the selected materials are compatible, the process can be simplified by using a thin film layer. Remove the thin film layer 3; the sealing layer 2 is evenly wrapped around the outside of the thin film layer 3; it is inserted into the sealing ring groove. The groove structure compresses the sealing layer 2 to achieve a seal. When the temperature is low, the sealing layer 2 shrinks and the compensation layer 4 expands, expanding the sealing layer 2 to compensate for the shrinkage of the sealing layer 2. When the temperature is high, the sealing layer 2 expands and the compensation layer 4 contracts, creating pores between them. Under the force of the sealing groove, the sealing layer 2 fills the pores, preventing excessive extrusion pressure from damaging the sealing layer 2. Thus, the compensation layer 4 expands at low temperatures to offset the lost sealing pressure, and contracts at high temperatures to buffer excessive extrusion, allowing the sealing ring 1 to maintain uniform contact stress in extreme temperature fluctuations, achieving a zero-damage adaptive sealing effect across the entire temperature range.

[0034] See appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 The sealing layer 2 and the thin film layer 3 are supported by different materials, both of which are fully sealed elastic flexible materials. The thickness of the thin film layer 3 is lower than that of the sealing layer 2. The compensation layer 4 and the sealing layer 2 are supported by different materials, and the linear expansion of the two materials is opposite. The thickness of the compensation layer 4 and the thickness of the sealing layer 2 are set according to the inverse proportionality of the linear expansion coefficients of the two materials. In the original state, the thickness of the compensation layer 4 causes the sealing layer 2 to generate an outward force, and the sealing layer 2 is in an expanded state.

[0035] Specifically, the compensation layer 4 continuously applies radial preload to the sealing layer 2 in its original state, so that the sealing ring 1 maintains a moderately expanded shape before installation. When the sealing ring 1 is pressed into the sealing groove, the preload and the assembly compression work together to ensure sufficient initial sealing volume and reserve deformation space for temperature changes. Through the reverse expansion characteristics between materials, the sealing contact pressure is automatically maintained in dynamic equilibrium across the entire temperature range.

[0036] Example 2 See appendix Figure 3 -Appendix Figure 6An insert block 2 is fixedly connected inside the sealing layer 2, an insert block 1 is fixedly connected outside the film layer 3, a limiting block 2 is fixedly connected inside the film layer 3, and a limiting block 1 is fixedly connected outside the compensation layer 4; the insert block 2 is located outside the side wall of the film layer 3, the insert block 1 is located outside the side wall of the sealing layer 2, the limiting block 2 is located outside the compensation layer 4, and the limiting block 1 is located outside the film layer 3; a flow limiting hole 2 10 is opened inside the insert block 1, a flow limiting hole 1 9 is opened inside the insert block 2, a flow guiding hole 2 12 is opened inside the limiting block 1, and a flow guiding hole 11 is opened inside the limiting block 2.

[0037] Specifically, by uniformly installing a plurality of limiting blocks 7 on the outer side of the compensation layer 4, and simultaneously opening grooves corresponding to the limiting blocks 7 on the inner side of the thin film layer 3, and installing limiting blocks 8 on the inner side of the thin film layer 3, and opening grooves corresponding to the limiting blocks 8 on the outer side of the compensation layer 4, the fitting structure formed by the limiting blocks 7, 8, and their corresponding grooves increases the contact area between the thin film layer 3 and the compensation layer 4, and prevents the thin film layer 3 and the compensation layer 4 from misaligning and rotating when the sealing ring 1 is subjected to external impact; and installing an insert block 5 on the outer side of the thin film layer 3, and opening grooves corresponding to the insert block 5 on the inner side of the sealing layer 2, and installing an insert block 6 on the inner side of the sealing layer 2, and opening grooves corresponding to the insert block 6 on the outer side of the thin film layer 3, the fitting structure formed by the insert blocks 5, 6, and their corresponding grooves increases the contact area between the thin film layer 3 and the compensation layer 4, and prevents the thin film layer 3 and the compensation layer 4 from misaligning and rotating when the sealing ring 1 is subjected to external impact. The increased contact area of ​​the thin film layer 3 prevents the sealing layer 2 and thin film layer 3 from shifting due to external impacts on the sealing ring 1, thereby increasing the internal stability of the sealing ring 1 and preventing misalignment that could compromise the seal. Simultaneously, flow-limiting holes 9, 10, 11, and 12 are respectively formed inside the insert block 5, insert block 6, limiting block 7, and limiting block 8. These holes are filled with fluorinated inert liquid, antifreeze, and water. This interlocking structure increases the contact area between different layers within the sealing ring 1, enabling liquid expansion to compensate for shrinkage and sealing in low-temperature zones, liquid vaporization to buffer compressive stress in high-temperature zones, and the inert liquid layer to maintain chemical stability. This eliminates the risk of localized failure and achieves a reliable, adaptive seal across the entire temperature range.

[0038] See appendix Figure 7 and attached Figure 8 The sealing ring 1 has an external mounting block 13, and the mounting block 13 has an internal mounting groove 14; the mounting block 13 has an internal slot 15, and the sealing ring 1 is located inside the slot 15.

[0039] Specifically, the sealing ring 1 is inserted into the mounting block 13 through the slot 15. The mounting block 13 is made of the same material as the sealing ring 1. Then, the mounting block 13 is inserted into the sealing area. At this time, the bolt is inserted into the mounting groove 14 to ensure the stability of the sealing ring 1.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wide temperature range sealing ring, comprising a sealing ring (1), characterized in that, The sealing ring (1) includes a sealing layer (2), a thin film layer (3) and a compensation layer (4), wherein the outer side of the thin film layer (3) is disposed inside the sealing layer (2), and the outer side of the compensation layer (4) is disposed inside the thin film layer (3).

2. The wide temperature range sealing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing layer (2) and the film layer (3) are supported by different materials, both of which are fully sealed elastic flexible materials. The thickness of the film layer (3) is lower than that of the sealing layer (2).

3. The wide temperature range sealing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compensation layer (4) and the sealing layer (2) are supported by different materials, and their linear expansion is opposite.

4. A wide-temperature-range sealing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the compensation layer (4) and the thickness of the sealing layer (2) are set inversely proportional to the linear expansion coefficients of the two materials.

5. A wide-temperature-range sealing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, In its original state, the thickness of the compensation layer (4) causes the sealing layer (2) to generate an outward force, and the sealing layer (2) is in an expanded state.

6. A wide-temperature-range sealing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sealing layer (2) is fixedly connected to the inside of the inlay block two (6), the film layer (3) is fixedly connected to the outside of the inlay block one (5), the film layer (3) is fixedly connected to the inside of the limiting block two (8), and the compensation layer (4) is fixedly connected to the outside of the limiting block one (7).

7. A wide-temperature-range sealing ring according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer side of the second inlay block (6) is disposed on the side wall of the thin film layer (3), the outer side of the first inlay block (5) is disposed on the side wall of the sealing layer (2), the outer side of the second limiting block (8) is disposed inside the compensation layer (4), and the outer side of the first limiting block (7) is disposed inside the thin film layer (3).

8. A wide-temperature-range sealing ring according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first inlay block (5) has a second flow-limiting hole (10) inside, the second inlay block (6) has a first flow-limiting hole (9) inside, the first limiting block (7) has a second flow-guiding hole (12) inside, and the second limiting block (8) has a first flow-guiding hole (11) inside.

9. A wide-temperature-range sealing ring according to claim 1, characterized in that, An installation block (13) is provided on the outside of the sealing ring (1), and an installation groove (14) is provided inside the installation block (13).

10. A wide-temperature-range sealing ring according to claim 9, characterized in that, The mounting block (13) has a slot (15) inside, and the sealing ring (1) is set outside the slot (15).

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