Water area biodiversity evaluation system fusing hydrodynamic characteristics and environmental DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid)

Abstract

The invention discloses a water area biodiversity evaluation system fusing hydrodynamic characteristics and environmental DNA, and belongs to the technical field of water area biodiversity monitoring. The system comprises a hydrodynamic characteristic data acquisition module; an environment DNA data acquisition module; an analysis module; an evaluation module; wherein the environment DNA data acquisition module comprises acquisition units, the environment DNA data acquisition module comprises a plurality of groups of acquisition units mounted in a target water area, each acquisition unit comprises a mounting plate, and a sample sampling mechanism and an icebreaking mechanism are symmetrically and rotatably arranged on the mounting plate; an operation through hole is formed in the mounting plate and between the sample sampling mechanism and the ice breaking mechanism. The ice breaking mechanism can be used for breaking ice when the water surface of the target water area is frozen, so that the sample sampling mechanism normally enters the water body for sampling, manual ice breaking is not needed, the manual operation risk is reduced, the ice breaking efficiency is high, and long-term stable operation of the sample sampling mechanism is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquatic biodiversity monitoring, and specifically to an aquatic biodiversity assessment system that integrates hydrodynamic characteristics and environmental DNA. Background Technology

[0002] Aquatic biodiversity is a core indicator for maintaining the health and function of aquatic ecosystems. Accurate assessment of biodiversity is not only the foundation of ecological protection, but also an important basis for water resource management, environmental monitoring, and sustainable utilization of biological resources.

[0003] The emergence of environmental DNA technology has provided a new approach for monitoring and assessing aquatic biodiversity, but existing technologies have significant shortcomings: Firstly, existing eDNA sampling equipment has limited functionality, typically collecting water samples by controlling pipes to enter the target water area. However, if the target water area freezes due to factors such as low external temperatures, the pipes cannot penetrate the ice to collect water samples, requiring manual ice breaking, which is risky and inefficient. Secondly, the failure to effectively combine eDNA data with hydrodynamic characteristics makes it impossible to analyze information such as the DNA source location, limiting the accuracy and reliability of biodiversity assessment results. Therefore, we propose an aquatic biodiversity assessment system that integrates hydrodynamic characteristics and environmental DNA. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water biodiversity assessment system that integrates hydrodynamic characteristics and environmental DNA. This system solves the problem that existing water biodiversity assessment systems often have limited functionality for eDNA sampling equipment. These devices typically collect water samples by controlling pipes to enter the target water area. However, if the target water area freezes due to factors such as low external temperatures, the pipes cannot penetrate the ice to collect water samples, requiring manual ice breaking, which presents technical problems of high operational risk and low efficiency.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions: A system for assessing aquatic biodiversity that integrates hydrodynamic characteristics and environmental DNA includes: The hydrodynamic characteristic data acquisition module is used to acquire time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data of the target water area; The environmental DNA data acquisition module is used to collect environmental DNA samples from the target water area and obtain environmental DNA data from the environmental DNA samples. The analysis module is used to perform spatiotemporal coupling analysis on time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data and environmental DNA data to obtain analysis results; The assessment module is used to generate a biodiversity assessment report for the target water area based on the analysis results; The environmental DNA data acquisition module includes several sets of collection units installed in the target water area. Each collection unit includes a mounting plate with a sample sampling mechanism and an ice-breaking mechanism symmetrically rotated on the mounting plate. An operating port is opened on the mounting plate between the sample sampling mechanism and the ice-breaking mechanism. The sample sampling mechanism is used to sample through the operating port. When the surface of the target water area freezes, the ice-breaking mechanism rotates to correspond to the operating port and performs ice-breaking operations.

[0006] A further improvement is that two sets of rotating columns are symmetrically rotated on the mounting plate. The top of the rotating columns is rotatably connected to a support bracket fixed on the mounting plate. A sample sampling mechanism is installed on the outside of one set of rotating columns through a bracket one, and an ice-breaking mechanism is installed on the outside of the other set of rotating columns through a bracket two. The ice-breaking mechanism is located above the sample sampling mechanism and the two are arranged in an alternating manner. The bracket two is connected to a telescopic device two set on the corresponding rotating column. A support bracket is provided with a rotating device three for driving the two sets of rotating columns to rotate synchronously, so that the sampling mechanism and the ice-breaking mechanism correspond to the working ports respectively.

[0007] A further improvement is that the ice-breaking mechanism includes a connecting column rotatably inserted into a support two. A rotating device two for driving the connecting column to rotate is provided on the support two. An airflow channel is opened axially inside the connecting column. An air inlet pipe is rotatably connected to the top of the airflow channel. The other end of the air inlet pipe is connected to a ventilation fan. The ventilation fan is fixedly installed on the support two, and the impeller inside the ventilation fan is driven by the rotating device two. The ventilation fan is also connected to a heating device through a pipeline. An ice-breaking cone for corresponding to the working port is connected to the bottom of the connecting column. A vortex chamber is opened inside the ice-breaking cone. The vortex chamber is connected to the airflow channel through a tangential air pipe. Multiple heat-conducting ice-breaking blades are embedded in the outer peripheral wall of the ice-breaking cone, and several air outlets connected to the vortex chamber are opened on the bottom side wall of the ice-breaking cone.

[0008] A further improvement is that the connecting column has a cavity communicating with the airflow channel and the tangential air pipe. A follower impeller, driven by the gas entering the cavity, is rotatably installed inside the cavity. The shaft of the follower impeller is provided with a bearing plate. A groove is provided at the end of the connecting column that connects to the ice-breaking cone. An impact block for impacting the ice-breaking cone is movably installed in the groove. Magnetic movable rods are symmetrically provided on both sides of the top of the impact block. The top of the magnetic movable rod extends upward into the cavity and is located below the bearing plate. Permanent magnet blocks for attracting the magnetic movable rods upward are symmetrically embedded on both sides of the bearing plate. An elastic reset member is provided at the connection between the magnetic movable rod and the cavity to provide a reset force.

[0009] A further improvement is that the sample sampling mechanism includes a telescopic device 1 mounted on a support 1. The output end of the telescopic device 1 is connected to a coarse filter corresponding to the working port. The coarse filter is connected to a pump body mounted on the support 1 via a pipeline. The pump body is also connected to a sample classification and collection section via a liquid outlet pipeline.

[0010] A further improvement is that the sample classification and collection unit includes a liquid outlet head connected to the liquid outlet pipeline. The liquid outlet head is inserted into a fixed frame, which is connected to a mounting plate via an elastic element. Several collectors with top openings are attached to the bottom of the fixed frame. A filter membrane is detachably installed inside each collector. Several collectors are arranged in a circular array at equal intervals on a rotating ring. One collector is coaxially aligned with the liquid outlet head. The rotating ring is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate and is coaxial with the fixed frame. A rotating device for driving the rotation is provided on one side of the rotating ring.

[0011] A further improvement is that the output end of the telescopic device is provided with a connecting plate, and a movable plate is provided parallel to it below the connecting plate. The movable plate and the connecting plate are connected by an elastic connector. A housing is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable plate, and a detection sensor is installed inside the housing. The detection end of the detection sensor is connected to the coarse filter. When the detection sensor detects that the reverse force generated by the coarse filter due to the resistance of water surface ice reaches a preset threshold, the telescopic device is controlled to drive the connecting plate, elastic connector, movable plate, housing and coarse filter to rise synchronously to the preset position.

[0012] A further improvement is that the rotating device three is also configured to control the two sets of rotating columns to rotate synchronously by a preset angle when the detection sensor detects that the reverse force reaches a preset threshold, so that the ice-breaking mechanism corresponds to the working port and the sample sampling mechanism is staggered from the working port.

[0013] A further improvement is that the sidewall of the mounting plate is provided with a fixing component for fixing to the bottom of the target water area. The fixing component includes two sets of L-shaped fixing rods symmetrically fixed on both sides of the mounting plate. The vertical section of the fixing rod has a movable seat movably installed in its inner cavity. The bottom of the movable seat is connected to the inner wall of the fixing rod through an elastic element. The outer wall of the movable seat has several arc-shaped protrusions arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction. Several reinforcing rods corresponding to the arc-shaped protrusions are inserted into the bottom of the vertical section of the fixing rod. An elastic element is provided at the connection between the reinforcing rod and the fixing rod. The movable seat is connected to the rotating column on the same side through a transmission part. When the two sets of rotating columns rotate synchronously at a preset angle, the transmission part drives the movable seat to move upward, so that the arc-shaped protrusion pushes the corresponding reinforcing rod outward.

[0014] A further improvement is that the transmission part includes a second pull rope with one end wound around the outer wall of the rotating column, and the other end of the second pull rope is connected to a U-shaped connecting frame. The two ends of the connecting frame are respectively movably inserted into the outer wall of the transverse section of two sets of fixed rods on the same side and slidably connected to their inner walls. A transverse opening for the connecting frame to be inserted is provided on the transverse section of the fixed rod. The end of the connecting frame located inside the fixed rod is connected to the corresponding movable seat through the first pull rope.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The environmental DNA data acquisition module of this invention includes an ice-breaking mechanism in its acquisition unit. This mechanism can break ice when the target water surface is frozen, allowing the sample collection device to enter the water body for sampling without relying on manual ice breaking, thus reducing the risk of manual operation. Furthermore, the ice-breaking efficiency is high, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the sample collection device. Simultaneously, the hydrodynamic characteristic data acquisition module acquires time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data, and the analysis module performs spatiotemporal coupling analysis with the environmental DNA data, facilitating accurate acquisition of information such as the DNA source location and improving the accuracy and reliability of biodiversity assessment results. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the evaluation system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the acquisition unit structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Another perspective structural diagram; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Structural sectional view; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of structure A in the image; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sample sampling mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the fastener structure of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Structural sectional view; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of structure B in the image.

[0017] In the diagram: 100, Mounting plate; 200, Fixing component; 201, Fixed insertion rod; 202, Movable seat; 203, Arc-shaped protrusion; 204, Reinforcing insertion rod; 205, Elastic component one; 206, Pull rope one; 207, Connecting frame; 208, Pull rope two; 300, Rotating column; 400, Working port; 500, Bracket one; 600, Bracket two; 700, Sample sampling mechanism; 701, Telescopic device one; 702, Connecting plate; 703, Movable plate; 704, Elastic connecting component; 705, Coarse filter; 706, Outer shell; 7 7. Rotating Device 1; 708. Pump Body; 709. Fixing Frame; 710. Rotating Ring; 711. Collector; 800. Telescopic Device 2; 900. Ice Breaking Mechanism; 901. Connecting Column; 902. Rotating Device 2; 903. Fan Equipment; 904. Heating Equipment; 905. Ice Breaking Cone; 906. Follow-up Impeller; 907. Bearing Plate; 908. Impact Block; 909. Tangential Air Pipe; 910. Vortex Chamber; 911. Heat-Conducting Ice Breaking Blade; 912. Air Outlet; 913. Magnetic Movable Rod; 1000. Rotating Device 3. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0019] Example 1 Please see the appendix Figure 1-4 A system for assessing aquatic biodiversity that integrates hydrodynamic characteristics and environmental DNA, comprising: The hydrodynamic characteristic data acquisition module is used to acquire time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data of the target water area. Optionally, in this embodiment, the hydrodynamic characteristic data acquisition module collects time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data in real time through a sensor array and / or a mobile monitoring platform deployed in the target water area. The sensor array includes flow velocity sensors, flow direction sensors, water temperature sensors, and depth sensors, etc., and the mobile monitoring platform includes unmanned vessels and underwater autonomous vehicles, etc. Through the sensor array and / or the mobile monitoring platform, the dynamic data sequence of water flow velocity, water flow direction, water temperature distribution, and water depth changes at multiple points in the target water area is continuously measured and recorded at set time intervals, thereby obtaining time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data. An environmental DNA data acquisition module is used to collect environmental DNA samples from the target water area and obtain environmental DNA data from the environmental DNA samples. Optionally, in this embodiment, after collecting the environmental DNA samples, they are placed in a low-temperature preservation solution and transported to the laboratory using a cold chain. In the laboratory, genomic DNA is extracted from the samples using a DNA extraction kit. After PCR amplification using primers for specific biological groups, the amplification products are sequenced using a high-throughput sequencing platform. Finally, the sequencing data is compared and annotated with a standard gene database through a bioinformatics analysis process, thereby obtaining environmental DNA data on species composition, relative abundance, and distribution characteristics in the target water area. The analysis module is used to perform spatiotemporal coupling analysis on time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data and environmental DNA data to obtain analysis results. Optionally, in this embodiment, the analysis module uses a spatiotemporal coupling analysis algorithm to perform fusion analysis on time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data and environmental DNA data. First, a hydrodynamic model is established using hydrological data of the target water area. The model is calibrated and verified based on measured time-series hydrodynamic data. Then, particle tracking simulation technology is used to reconstruct the transport path and diffusion process of eDNA in the water body. The eDNA concentration data of discrete points is superimposed and integrated with the continuously distributed hydrodynamic field through spatial interpolation methods. Machine learning algorithms are used to explore the correlation between eDNA distribution patterns and species occurrence frequency under different hydrological conditions. Combined with the geographic information system platform, the spatial visualization of hydrodynamic parameters and biodiversity indicators is realized. Finally, the analysis results, including eDNA source tracing path map, species habitat suitability distribution map, biodiversity hotspot area identification, and hydrological driving factor importance assessment, are output, providing a quantitative basis for aquatic ecosystem management. The assessment module is used to generate a biodiversity assessment report for the target water area based on the analysis results. Optionally, the assessment module in this embodiment assesses multiple dimensions such as species richness, community structure stability, endemic species protection status, and degree of hydrological environmental impact to obtain a biodiversity assessment report.

[0020] The environmental DNA data acquisition module includes several sets of collection units installed in the target water area for collecting environmental DNA samples from the target water area. The collection unit includes a mounting plate 100, which is located above the water surface of the target water area. A sample sampling mechanism 700 and an ice-breaking mechanism 900 are symmetrically rotated on the mounting plate 100. An operating port 400 is opened on the mounting plate 100 between the sample sampling mechanism 700 and the ice-breaking mechanism 900, so that the sample sampling mechanism 700 or the ice-breaking mechanism 900 can enter the water of the target water area through the operating port 400 to perform sample sampling or ice breaking. The sample sampling mechanism 700 is used to sample through the operating port 400. When the water surface of the target water area is frozen, the ice-breaking mechanism 900 rotates to correspond to the operating port 400 and performs ice breaking operation.

[0021] Preferably, in this embodiment, two sets of rotating columns 300 are symmetrically rotatably provided on the mounting plate 100. The top of the rotating column 300 is rotatably connected to the bearing bracket fixed on the mounting plate 100. In this embodiment, the rotating column 300 is rotatably connected to the mounting plate 100 and the bearing bracket respectively through bearings. The bearing bracket is L-shaped. One set of rotating columns 300 has a sample sampling mechanism 700 mounted on its outer side via bracket 500, while the other set of rotating columns 300 has an ice-breaking mechanism 900 mounted on its outer side via bracket 600. The ice-breaking mechanism 900 is located above the sample sampling mechanism 700, and the two are arranged in an alternating manner, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 2 As shown, bracket 500 positions the sample sampling mechanism 700 longitudinally, and bracket 600 positions the ice-breaking mechanism 900 laterally, with an angle of 90 degrees between them. Bracket 600 is connected to telescopic device 800 mounted on the corresponding rotating column 300; that is, both telescopic device 800 and bracket 600 are installed on the outer wall of the same rotating column 300. In this embodiment, telescopic device 800 is, for example, a waterproof electric telescopic rod, used to drive bracket 600 downwards so that the ice-breaking mechanism 900 can break the ice. A supporting bracket is equipped with a rotating device 1000 for driving the two sets of rotating columns 300 to rotate synchronously, so that the sample sampling mechanism 700 and the ice-breaking mechanism 900 correspond to the working port 4 respectively. The rotating device 31000 includes a servo motor, a reducer, and a sprocket drive assembly (including a chain and sprockets). The output ends of the servo motor and reducer are connected to a rotating column 300. The sprocket drive assembly connects the two rotating columns 300. Initially, the sample sampling mechanism 700 corresponds to the working port 400, while the ice-breaking mechanism 900 is offset from the working port 400. When the ice-breaking mechanism 900 needs to be used, by controlling the rotating device 31000 to rotate clockwise by a preset angle (such as 90 degrees), the sample sampling mechanism 700 and the ice-breaking mechanism 900 can rotate clockwise synchronously, thereby making the ice-breaking mechanism 900 correspond to the working port 400, while the sample sampling mechanism 700 is offset from the working port 400. It should be noted that the distance between the outer ends of bracket 1 (500) and bracket 2 (600) and the outer wall of rotating column 300 is less than the distance between the outer wall of the vertical section of the bearing bracket and the outer wall of rotating column 300, so as to avoid the bearing bracket from blocking and interfering with bracket 1 (500) and bracket 2 (600) as rotating column 300 rotates.

[0022] Furthermore, this acquisition unit is wirelessly connected to an external control terminal so that personnel can remotely control the electrical components in the acquisition unit. This will not be described in detail here. Photovoltaic equipment is also installed on the mounting plate 100 to ensure the stable operation of the electrical components in the acquisition unit.

[0023] Example 2 Please see the appendix Figure 2-5Based on Embodiment 1, the ice-breaking mechanism 900 of this embodiment includes a connecting column 901 rotatably inserted into the support 600. A bearing is provided at the connection between the connecting column 901 and the support 600. A rotating device 902 for driving the connecting column 901 to rotate is provided on the support 600. In this embodiment, the rotating device 902 includes a motor. The output end of the motor is connected to the connecting column 901 via a chain drive assembly. An airflow channel is axially formed inside the connecting column 901. An air inlet pipe is rotatably connected to the top of the airflow channel. The air inlet pipe is connected to… The airflow channel can be connected via bearings or a rotary joint to ensure that the rotation of the rotating column 300 does not interfere with the air intake pipe. The other end of the air intake pipe is connected to the ventilation fan device 903. The fan device 903 is a conventional structure in this field and will not be described in detail here. The fan device 903 is fixedly installed on the bracket 600, and the impeller inside the fan device 903 is driven by the rotating device 902. When the rotating device 902 is working, it not only drives the connecting column 901 to rotate but also drives the impeller inside the fan device 903, so that the fan device 903 performs the air extraction operation. In this embodiment, the fan device 903 is also connected to a heating device 904 via a pipeline. The heating device 904, which can be mounted on a support bracket housing the ice-breaking mechanism 900, has an air inlet for drawing in air. The heating device 904 is a conventional structure in the art and will not be described in detail here. The air entering through the air inlet is heated. In this embodiment, a filter screen can be installed inside the air inlet to filter the incoming air. The bottom end of the connecting column 901 is connected to an ice-breaking cone 905 corresponding to the working port 400. The two can be used... The ice-breaking cone 905 is connected by welding or bolts. A vortex chamber 910 is provided inside the ice-breaking cone 905. The vortex chamber 910 is connected to the airflow channel through a tangential air pipe 909. That is, the air outlet direction of the tangential air pipe 909 is tangential to the vortex chamber 910. Multiple heat-conducting ice-breaking blades 911 are embedded in the outer peripheral wall of the ice-breaking cone 905. The heat-conducting ice-breaking blades 911 are made of heat-conducting materials, such as high heat-conducting tool steel, but not limited to this material. Furthermore, the bottom side wall of the ice-breaking cone 905 has several air outlet holes 912 connected to the vortex chamber 910 in a ring array.

[0024] The rotating device 902 drives the connecting column 901 to move the ice-breaking cone 905 to break the ice layer at the working opening 400. At the same time, when the rotating device 902 is working, the fan device 903 causes the air heated by the heating device 904 to be introduced into the vortex chamber 910 through the air inlet pipe, airflow channel and tangential air pipe 909. The hot airflow generates high-speed rotation in the vortex chamber 910 and forms a uniformly distributed thermal cutting layer through the bottom air outlet 912. This not only thermally melts and cuts the ice layer, but also reduces the rotational resistance of the ice-breaking cone 905. At the same time, the discharged hot airflow can melt the ice chips attached between the heat-conducting ice-breaking blades 911 in time to prevent freezing and jamming. The heat-conducting ice-breaking blades 911 can conduct heat out of the vortex chamber 910, further improving the de-icing quality and efficiency of the ice-breaking cone 905.

[0025] Preferably, in this embodiment, the connecting column 901 has a cavity communicating with the airflow channel and the tangential air pipe 909. A follower impeller 906, driven by the gas entering the cavity, is rotatably installed in the cavity. The shaft of the follower impeller 906 is provided with a bearing plate 907. A groove is provided at the end of the connecting column 901 that is connected to the icebreaker cone 905. An impact block 908 for impacting the icebreaker cone 905 is movably installed in the groove. Magnetic movable rods 913 are symmetrically provided on both sides of the top of the impact block 908. The top of the magnetic movable rod 913 extends upward into the cavity and is located below the bearing plate 907. Permanent magnet blocks for attracting the magnetic movable rods 913 upward are symmetrically embedded on both sides of the bearing plate 907. An elastic reset member is provided at the connection between the magnetic movable rod 913 and the cavity to provide a reset force.

[0026] The air heated by the heating device 904 enters the cavity through the airflow channel under the action of the fan device 903, which in turn drives the follower impeller 906 to rotate. The follower impeller 906 drives the bearing plate 907 and the permanent magnet block on it to rotate synchronously, so that the permanent magnet block periodically interacts with the magnetic movable rod 913: when the permanent magnet block rotates to directly above the magnetic movable rod 913, it generates a strong magnetic attraction force, which overcomes the resistance of the elastic reset component and pulls the magnetic movable rod 913 and the impact block 908 to move upward quickly; when the permanent magnet block rotates away, the magnetic attraction force disappears, and the elastic reset component drives the impact block 908 to accelerate downward and impact the ice-breaking cone 905, so that the ice layer can withstand the impact load transmitted by the ice-breaking cone 905 while the thermal stress is weakened, thereby improving the ice-breaking efficiency; In this embodiment, the impact block 908 can be made of steel, but is not limited to this material. The top of the magnetic movable rod 913 can be embedded with balls for sliding contact with the bearing plate 907. The elastic reset member is a spring, one end of which is connected to the outer wall of the magnetic movable rod 913 and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the cavity.

[0027] Example 3 Please see the appendix Figure 2-4 and Figure 6 Based on Embodiment 1, the sample sampling mechanism 700 of this embodiment includes a telescopic device 701 mounted on a support 500. The telescopic device 701 in this embodiment can be a waterproof electric telescopic rod, etc. The output end of the telescopic device 701 is connected to a coarse filter 705 corresponding to the working port 400. The coarse filter 705 performs coarse filtration on the pumped water, which is a conventional structure in the art and will not be described in detail here. The coarse filter 705 is connected to a pump body 708 mounted on the support 500 through a pipeline. The pump body 708 is also connected to a sample classification and collection section through a liquid outlet pipeline. The sample classification and collection section is used to classify and collect the collected samples.

[0028] Preferably, the sample classification and collection unit of this embodiment includes an outlet head connected to the outlet pipe. The outlet head is inserted into the fixing frame 709. The fixing frame 709 is connected to the mounting plate 100 through an elastic element. In this embodiment, the elastic element is a spring or an elastic telescopic rod, etc. The bottom of the fixing frame 709 is fitted with several collectors 711 with top openings. In this embodiment, the collectors 711 can be enrichment collectors for enriching aquatic biological samples, mainly collecting plankton, suspended particulate matter in the water sample, etc. A filter membrane is detachably installed inside the collector 711. The filter membrane enables the on-site capture and enrichment of environmental DNA molecules in the water sample. The filter membrane is installed inside the collector 711, for example, by means of screws or clips. Several collectors 711 are arranged in a circular array at equal intervals on a rotating ring 710. One collector 711 is coaxially aligned with the liquid outlet. The rotating ring 710 is rotatably mounted on a mounting plate 100 and coaxial with a fixing frame 709. A rotating device 707 is provided on one side of the rotating ring 710 to drive its rotation. In this embodiment, the rotating device 707 is a stepper motor and a reducer. The rotating device 707 can be connected to a corresponding support bracket or to the mounting plate 100 via a bracket. The rotating device 707 drives the rotating ring 710 to rotate by a preset angle each time. After each rotation of the rotating ring 710 by the preset angle, a set of collectors 711 is coaxially aligned with the liquid outlet. Therefore, by controlling the rotating device 707, different collectors 711 can be coaxially aligned with the liquid outlet, thereby classifying and collecting the collected samples and avoiding cross-contamination. The collectors 711 can be disassembled and assembled by pulling the fixing frame 709 upward to move it away from the collectors 711. Preferably, in this embodiment, the output end of the telescopic device 701 is provided with a connecting plate 702, and a movable plate 703 is provided parallel to it below the connecting plate 702. The movable plate 703 and the connecting plate 702 are connected by an elastic connector 704. Optionally, the elastic connector 704 in this embodiment includes a T-shaped guide rod with one end connected to the movable plate 703 and the other end passing through the connecting plate 702, and a spring sleeved on the outer wall of the T-shaped guide rod. A housing 706 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable plate 703 to protect the internal electrical components. A detection sensor is provided inside the housing 706. The detection sensor used is a pressure sensor, and its model is selected according to the actual situation, which will not be described in detail here. The detection end of the detection sensor is connected to the coarse filter 705. When the detection sensor detects that the reverse force generated by the resistance of the coarse filter 705 due to the ice on the water surface reaches the preset threshold, it controls the telescopic device 701 to drive the connecting plate 702, the elastic connector 704, the movable plate 703, the outer shell 706, and the coarse filter 705 to rise synchronously to the preset position. Through the cooperation of the elastic connector 704 and the detection sensor, damage to the sample sampling mechanism 700 is effectively avoided.

[0029] Preferably, the rotating device 3 1000 in this embodiment is further configured to control the two sets of rotating columns 300 to rotate synchronously by a preset angle (e.g., 90 degrees) when the detection sensor detects that the reverse force reaches a preset threshold. This ensures that the ice-breaking mechanism 900 corresponds to the working port 400, and the sample sampling mechanism 700 is offset from the working port 400. Through this arrangement, the sample sampling mechanism 700 can detect ice formation on the surface of the target water area. When the telescopic device 1 701 drives the connecting plate 702, the elastic connector 704, the movable plate 703, the outer shell 706, and the coarse filter 705 downwards into the target area... When sampling water bodies, if the surface of the target water body is frozen, the detection sensor detects that the reverse force reaches a preset threshold. This not only causes the telescopic device 701 to reset and drive the connecting plate 702, elastic connector 704, movable plate 703, outer shell 706, and coarse filter 705 to move upward as a whole, but also causes the rotating device 1000 to control the ice-breaking mechanism 900 to correspond to the working port 400. The sample sampling mechanism 700 is offset from the working port 400, so that the ice is broken by the ice-breaking mechanism 900. After the ice is broken, the sample can be collected by the sample sampling mechanism 700.

[0030] Example 4 Please see the appendix Figure 2-3 and Figure 7-9 Based on embodiment 3, the mounting plate 100 in this embodiment is provided with a fixing member 200 on the side wall for fixing to the bottom of the target water area. The fixing member 200 is anchored to the bottom of the water to ensure the stable use of the collection unit. The fixing component 200 includes two sets of L-shaped fixing rods 201 symmetrically fixed on both sides of the mounting plate 100, that is, there are four sets of fixing rods 201. One set is provided at the front and rear ends of the left and right outer walls of the mounting plate 100. The bottom end of the fixing rod 201 is a pointed tip so as to be inserted into the bottom of the target water area. A movable seat 202 is movably provided at the bottom of the vertical section of the fixing rod 201. In this embodiment, the vertical cross section of the movable seat 202 is I-shaped. The bottom of the movable seat 202 is connected to the bottom inner wall of the fixing rod 201 by an elastic element 205 (such as a spring). The connecting movable seat 202 has several arc-shaped protrusions 203 arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction on its outer wall. Several reinforcing rods 204 corresponding to the arc-shaped protrusions 203 are inserted into the bottom of the vertical section of the fixed rod 201. A movable opening is provided at the bottom of the vertical section of the fixed rod 201 for the outer end of the reinforcing rod 204 to extend. When the reinforcing rod 204 is misaligned with the arc-shaped protrusions 203, the outer end of the reinforcing rod 204 is within the movable opening. When the reinforcing rod 204 corresponds to the arc-shaped protrusions 203, the outer end of the reinforcing rod 204 extends outwards. The movable opening allows a ball bearing to be embedded at one end of the reinforcing rod 204, which slides in contact with the outer wall of the arc-shaped protrusion 203 and the movable seat 202. A second elastic element, a spring, is provided at the connection between the reinforcing rod 204 and the fixed rod 201. One end of the spring is connected to the outer wall of the reinforcing rod 204, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the fixed rod 201. The movable seat 202 is connected to the rotating column 300 on the same side via a transmission unit. When the two rotating columns 300 rotate synchronously at a preset angle, the transmission unit drives the movable seat 202 to move upwards, causing the arc-shaped protrusion 203 to... The push-up corresponds to the reinforcing rod 204 extending outward. Specifically, the two sets of rotating columns 300 rotate synchronously at a preset angle so that the ice-breaking mechanism 900 corresponds to the working port 400. When the sample sampling mechanism 700 is misaligned with the working port 400, the rotating column 300 also drives the movable seat 202 upward through the transmission unit. When the two sets of rotating columns 300 rotate synchronously at a preset angle so that the ice-breaking mechanism 900 is misaligned with the working port 400, and the sample sampling mechanism 700 corresponds to the working port 400, the transmission unit causes the movable seat 202 to reset downward.

[0031] Preferably, the transmission unit in this embodiment includes a second pull rope 208 with one end wound around the outer wall of the rotating column 300, and the other end of the pull rope 208 connected to a U-shaped connecting frame 207. The two ends of the connecting frame 207 are respectively movably inserted into the outer wall of the transverse section of two sets of fixed insert rods 201 on the same side and slidably connected to their inner walls. The connecting frame 207 can be slidably connected to the slide rail on the inner wall of the transverse section via a slider, so that the connecting frame 207 can move horizontally stably. A transverse opening for inserting the connecting frame 207 is provided on the transverse section of the fixed insert rod 201, and the connecting frame 207 is located inside the fixed insert rod 201. One end of the device is connected to the corresponding movable seat 202 via a pull rope 206. When the rotating column 300 rotates at a preset angle, the pull rope 208 is wound around it simultaneously. The pull rope 208 then pulls the connecting frame 207. The connecting frame 207 pulls the movable seat 202 upward via the pull rope 206, which in turn pushes the arc-shaped protrusion 203 against the corresponding reinforcing rod 204 so that it extends outward. When the reinforcing rod 204 extends outward, it increases the contact area and fixing force between the device and the bottom of the water, effectively resisting the vibration and torsional torque generated during ice-breaking operations, thus realizing automatic reinforcement of the data collection unit during ice-breaking operations.

[0032] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for assessing aquatic biodiversity by integrating hydrodynamic characteristics and environmental DNA, characterized in that, include: The hydrodynamic characteristic data acquisition module is used to acquire time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data of the target water area; The environmental DNA data acquisition module is used to collect environmental DNA samples from the target water area and obtain environmental DNA data from the environmental DNA samples. The analysis module is used to perform spatiotemporal coupling analysis on time-series hydrodynamic characteristic data and environmental DNA data to obtain analysis results; The assessment module is used to generate a biodiversity assessment report for the target water area based on the analysis results; The environmental DNA data acquisition module includes several collection units installed in the target water area. Each collection unit includes a mounting plate (100). A sample sampling mechanism (700) and an ice-breaking mechanism (900) are symmetrically rotated on the mounting plate (100). An operating port (400) is opened on the mounting plate (100) between the sample sampling mechanism (700) and the ice-breaking mechanism (900). The sample sampling mechanism (700) is used to sample through the operating port (400). When the surface of the target water area freezes, the ice-breaking mechanism (900) rotates to correspond to the operating port (400) and performs ice-breaking operations.

2. The evaluation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two sets of rotating columns (300) are symmetrically rotated on the mounting plate (100). The top of the rotating columns (300) is rotatably connected to the support bracket fixed on the mounting plate (100). A sample sampling mechanism (700) is installed on the outside of one set of rotating columns (300) through a support bracket (500), and an ice-breaking mechanism (900) is installed on the outside of the other set of rotating columns (300) through a support bracket (600). The ice-breaking mechanism (900) is located above the sample sampling mechanism (700) and the two are arranged in an alternating manner. The support bracket (600) is connected to the telescopic device (800) on the corresponding rotating column (300). A rotating device (1000) is provided on a support bracket to drive the two sets of rotating columns (300) to rotate synchronously, so that the sampling mechanism and the ice-breaking mechanism (900) correspond to the working port (400) respectively.

3. The evaluation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ice-breaking mechanism (900) includes a connecting column (901) rotatably inserted into a support (600). A rotating device (902) is provided on the support (600) to drive the connecting column (901) to rotate. An airflow channel is axially formed inside the connecting column (901). An air inlet pipe is rotatably connected to the top of the airflow channel, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is connected to a ventilation fan (903). The ventilation fan (903) is fixedly installed on the support (600), and the impeller inside the ventilation fan (903) is driven by the rotating device (902). The device (903) is also connected to a heating device (904) via a pipeline. The bottom end of the connecting column (901) is connected to an ice-breaking cone (905) corresponding to the working port (400). A vortex chamber (910) is provided inside the ice-breaking cone (905). The vortex chamber (910) is connected to the airflow channel through a tangential air pipe (909). Multiple heat-conducting ice-breaking blades (911) are embedded in the outer peripheral wall of the ice-breaking cone (905). Several air outlets (912) connected to the vortex chamber (910) are provided on the bottom side wall of the ice-breaking cone (905).

4. The evaluation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting column (901) has a cavity that communicates with the airflow channel and the tangential air pipe (909). A follower impeller (906) driven by the gas entering the cavity is rotatably installed in the cavity. The shaft of the follower impeller (906) is provided with a bearing plate (907). The end of the connecting column (901) connected to the icebreaker (905) has a groove. An impact block (908) for impacting the icebreaker (905) is movably installed in the groove. Magnetic movable rods (913) are symmetrically provided on both sides of the top of the impact block (908). The top of the magnetic movable rod (913) extends upward into the cavity and is located below the bearing plate (907). Permanent magnet blocks for attracting the magnetic movable rod (913) upward are symmetrically embedded on both sides of the bearing plate (907). An elastic reset member that provides a reset force is provided at the connection between the magnetic movable rod (913) and the cavity.

5. The evaluation system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sample collection mechanism (700) includes a telescopic device (701) mounted on a support (500). The output end of the telescopic device (701) is connected to a coarse filter (705) corresponding to the working port (400). The coarse filter (705) is connected to a pump body (708) mounted on the support (500) via a pipeline. The pump body (708) is also connected to a sample classification and collection section via a liquid outlet pipeline.

6. The evaluation system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sample classification and collection section includes a liquid outlet head connected to the liquid outlet pipeline. The liquid outlet head is inserted into a fixed frame (709). The fixed frame (709) is connected to the mounting plate (100) through an elastic element. Several collectors (711) with top openings are attached to the bottom of the fixed frame (709). A filter membrane is detachably installed inside the collector (711). Several collectors (711) are arranged in a ring array at equal intervals on a rotating ring (710). One collector (711) is coaxially aligned with the liquid outlet head. The rotating ring (710) is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (100) and coaxial with the fixed frame (709). A rotating device (707) is provided on one side of the rotating ring (710) to drive its rotation.

7. The evaluation system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The output end of the telescopic device (701) is provided with a connecting plate (702). Below the connecting plate (702), there are parallel movable plates (703). The movable plates (703) and the connecting plate (702) are connected by an elastic connector (704). The bottom of the movable plate (703) is fixedly installed with a shell (706). A detection sensor is provided inside the shell (706). The detection end of the detection sensor is connected to the coarse filter (705). When the detection sensor detects that the reverse force generated by the coarse filter (705) due to the resistance of water surface ice reaches a preset threshold, the telescopic device (701) is controlled to drive the connecting plate (702), the elastic connector (704), the movable plate (703), the shell (706) and the coarse filter (705) to rise synchronously to the preset position.

8. The evaluation system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rotating device three (1000) is also configured to control the two sets of rotating columns (300) to rotate synchronously by a preset angle when the detection sensor detects that the reverse force reaches a preset threshold, so that the ice breaking mechanism (900) corresponds to the working port (400) and the sample sampling mechanism (700) is staggered from the working port (400).

9. The evaluation system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mounting plate (100) has a fixing member (200) on its side wall for fixing to the bottom of the target water area. The fixing member (200) includes two sets of L-shaped fixing rods (201) symmetrically fixed on both sides of the mounting plate (100). The vertical section of the fixing rod (201) is movably provided with a movable seat (202). The bottom of the movable seat (202) is connected to the inner wall of the fixing rod (201) through an elastic element (205). The outer wall of the movable seat (202) is provided with a number of arc-shaped protrusions (203) arranged at equal intervals along the vertical direction. Several reinforcing rods (204) corresponding to the arc-shaped protrusions (203) are inserted into the bottom of the vertical section of the fixed rod (201). An elastic element is provided at the connection between the reinforcing rod (204) and the fixed rod (201). The movable seat (202) is connected to the rotating column (300) on the same side through the transmission part. When the two sets of rotating columns (300) rotate synchronously at a preset angle, the transmission part drives the movable seat (202) to move upward, so that the arc-shaped protrusions (203) push the corresponding reinforcing rods (204) to extend outward.

10. The evaluation system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The transmission unit includes a second pull rope (208) with one end wound around the outer wall of the rotating column (300), and the other end of the second pull rope (208) is connected to a U-shaped connecting frame (207). The two ends of the connecting frame (207) are respectively movably inserted into the outer wall of the transverse section of two sets of fixed rods (201) on the same side and slidably connected to their inner walls. The transverse section of the fixed rod (201) is provided with a transverse opening for the connecting frame (207) to be inserted. The end of the connecting frame (207) located inside the fixed rod (201) is connected to the corresponding movable seat (202) through a first pull rope (206).

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