Power grid topology data construction method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a power grid topological data construction method and system, and relates to the technical field of topological data processing, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining power grid equipment data through completion data or unmanned aerial vehicle surveying and mapping, and employing a high-precision positioning or target detection technology by an unmanned aerial vehicle; based on the data, adopting a structured table, a visual interface, a single line diagram or an equivalent circuit mode to construct a preliminary topology; topologies are constructed according to power transmission, power transformation, power distribution and power utilization professions, wherein the power transformation profession is expressed synchronously from SCADA through a white box or is expressed in a simplified mode through a black box; and all professional topologies are integrated to generate a whole-network topological graph, and a geographic trend graph is reversely generated to improve the performance. The system comprises a data acquisition module, a topology processing module, a professional construction module and an integration output module. The method conforms to habits of all professionals, topological data entry is simplified, and maintenance efficiency and accuracy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of topology data processing technology, specifically to a method and system for constructing power grid topology data. Background Technology

[0002] The power grid structure consists of power generation, transmission, transformation, distribution, and consumption. It is widely distributed and frequently changes, especially the distribution network, which is located at the end of the power supply and directly connected to end users. Its numerous branches, complex structure, and frequent switching make distribution network data maintenance difficult. Traditional GIS systems use direct drawing and data import methods to maintain power grid data, resulting in low efficiency, high costs, and a high risk of errors.

[0003] (1) The surveying and mapping data standards are not uniform. Due to the wide coverage of the power grid data and the large number of teams involved in the construction and surveying, the surveying and mapping results are different. Some use the geodetic 2000 coordinate system, while others use local coordinate systems. In order to unify the data, multiple conversions are required, which leads to a decrease in coordinate accuracy. After importing into the GIS system, the topological connection relationship cannot be automatically constructed. It is necessary to manually check each one, which is time-consuming and laborious.

[0004] (2) The accuracy of graphic drawing cannot meet the topological requirements. When using GIS graphic drawing tools, in many cases, the visual connection relationship is normal, but when checking the topological relationship, it is found that many nodes are not connected. The reason is that the capture accuracy is not high enough, or the drawing staff's hand is shaky and the point is off. In order to correct such problems, the drawing staff often need to draw many times to ensure the correctness of the topological data.

[0005] (3) The drawbacks of using a single map for the entire network: When drawing a power grid map, the drawing staff often have a ripple effect. A change in one part of the map will affect the topology data check of the entire network in order to achieve the optimal network. This will result in high CPU and memory consumption, lag in operation, and greatly affect the user's operating experience. At the same time, it will increase the workload of the grassroots staff.

[0006] Therefore, how to design a new method and system for constructing power grid topology data, which is designed to conform to the habits of business personnel in maintaining and entering topology data, so as to meet the requirements of timeliness and accuracy of power grid topology data updates, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by people in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one objective of this invention is to propose a method and system for constructing power grid topology data, providing a topology data maintenance and input method that conforms to the habits of business personnel, meeting the timeliness and accuracy requirements of power grid topology data updates; and, in conjunction with the work habits of various professions, developing topology maintenance methods from different professional perspectives, targeting the GIS data focus points of each profession, making the method more adaptable to human habits rather than changing people's original work habits.

[0008] To address the above problems, this invention provides a method for constructing power grid topology data, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Acquire power grid equipment data through various data acquisition methods, including the location and relationship data of power plants, transformers, switches, towers, cable branch boxes, access points and metering boxes; the data acquisition methods include extraction from as-built data or acquisition through UAV mapping, wherein UAV mapping adopts high-precision positioning technology or target detection and positioning fusion technology to achieve centimeter-level accuracy data acquisition.

[0009] Step S2: Based on the collected data, construct preliminary topology relationships using various topology representation methods, including structured table method, visual interface selection method, single-line diagram drawing method, or equivalent circuit method. Among them, the structured table method automatically generates topology connections through tower data table, cable data table, and user data table.

[0010] Step S3: Based on the power grid professional requirements, the preliminary topology relationship is constructed separately for transmission, substation, distribution, and power consumption. Specifically, the transmission professional uses the structured table method, visual interface method, or single-line diagram method to construct the main network topology; the substation professional uses the equivalent circuit method to construct the substation topology, including white-box synchronization from the SCADA system or simplified black-box representation; the distribution professional uses the visual interface method or single-line diagram method to construct the distribution area topology, generating topology data by inputting transformer information, plotting cable branch box locations, setting switch states, and connection relationships; and the power consumption professional uses the structured table method to construct the relationships between transformers, metering boxes, and users.

[0011] Step S4: Integrate the topology data of various disciplines to generate a full network topology map, and generate a geographical route map through reverse support to reduce system overhead and improve performance.

[0012] Preferably, the UAV mapping in step S1 includes: Based on the direct acquisition method of high-precision positioning of UAVs, RTK or PPK technology is used to eliminate positioning errors and record the device position; Alternatively, an automated acquisition method based on the fusion of target detection and localization can be used to identify devices and calculate geographic coordinates through a deep learning model.

[0013] Preferably, the selection of the topology representation method in step S2 depends on the data acquisition results in step S1, and the professional construction in step S3 is based on the preliminary topology in step S2, forming a logical chain: data acquisition → topology representation → professional application.

[0014] Preferably, the power distribution topology construction in step S3 includes the following sub-steps: S31. Enter the basic information of the distribution transformer and the line type; S32. Plot the location of cable branch boxes; S33. Set the switch status and connection relationship; S34. Generate transformer area topology data.

[0015] A data construction system used in a power grid topology data construction method includes: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire power grid equipment data through as-built data or UAV mapping, wherein the UAV mapping integrates a high-precision positioning module or a computer vision module; A topology processing module, connected to the data acquisition module, is configured to process data using multiple topology representation methods to generate preliminary topology relationships. A professional construction module, connected to the topology processing module, is configured to construct topologies by profession: power transmission, substation, distribution, and power consumption, wherein the substation profession integrates the SCADA system interface; The integrated output module is connected to the professional construction module and configured to generate a full network topology map and inversely generate a geographic route map.

[0016] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes a drone unit, which is equipped with an RTK / PPK module or an edge computing device to achieve high-precision data acquisition.

[0017] Preferably, the topology processing module includes a table parsing unit, a visualization interface unit, and a graphics drawing unit, and the professional construction module includes a power transmission unit, a power substation unit, a power distribution unit, and a power consumption unit. The modules are connected through a data bus to ensure smooth data flow.

[0018] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: (1) Design the topology data entry method according to professional habits, cater to their preferences, make it easier for users to accept, and reduce the learning cost for users.

[0019] (2) Simplify topology data entry. Through a visual and intuitive method, select the upper and lower level connection relationship, avoiding the problem of topology disconnection or connection error caused by the scale of the drawing.

[0020] (3) Introducing the black-and-white box site map drawing method simplifies the topology expression and allows professional drawing personnel to handle the topology relationship at the boundary, thus ensuring the topology connectivity of the entire network with one map.

[0021] (4) Breaking away from the traditional mapping method, instead of drawing the geographical orientation map first and then generating various thematic maps, the method reverses the process, drawing thematic maps first and then using the latter to support the generation of the geographical orientation map. This eliminates the need for full-feature loading and drawing, reducing system overhead and significantly improving mapping performance. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an overview diagram of the power grid topology in this invention; Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the power transmission topology construction process in this invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the substation topology construction process in this invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the power distribution topology construction process in this invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the electrical topology construction process in this invention; Figure 6 This is a single-line diagram in this invention; Figure 7 This is the internal wiring diagram (white box) of the substation in this invention; Figure 8 This is the internal wiring diagram (black box) of the substation in this invention; Figure 9 This is a diagram of the elevated platform area in this invention. Figure 10 This is a diagram of the platform area in this invention - cable; Figure 11 This invention is a hybrid of the platform area diagram and the pole-mounted transformer. Figure 12 This invention relates to a hybrid substation consisting of a box-type and a civil engineering substation. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] This invention provides a method for constructing power grid topology data. Based on the needs of personnel in power transmission, substation, distribution, and power consumption, and according to the usage habits of different professionals, the method for constructing power grid topology data includes the following steps: I. General Methods 1. Data collection method The main data involved includes the topological relationships between power plants (new energy) and transformers, transformers and switches, switches and switches, poles and poles, switches and poles, switches and access points, access points and metering boxes, etc.

[0028] Method 1: Obtained through as-built documentation.

[0029] The main data to be acquired includes as-built drawings, site plans, place name certificates, and structured tables.

[0030] Method 2: Obtain data through drone mapping.

[0031] (1) Direct acquisition based on the high-precision positioning of the UAV itself By using a high-precision positioning module mounted on a drone, the location information at the corresponding moment can be directly recorded when the pole-mounted transformer is photographed, achieving "what you see is what you get" positioning.

[0032] Technical principle: The drone uses RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) or PPK (Post-Processing Kinematic) technology to eliminate satellite positioning errors (such as ionospheric and tropospheric interference), achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy. When the drone's lens is pointed at the transformer and taking pictures, the drone's latitude, longitude, altitude, and other coordinates are recorded simultaneously. Combined with the lens orientation (heading angle, pitch angle, roll angle) and focal length, the transformer's position coordinates can be calculated.

[0033] Advantages: Simple to operate, no complicated post-processing required, can obtain location information in real time or quickly, and has high accuracy.

[0034] Applicable scenarios: Open, unobstructed areas (such as suburbs and rural areas), transformers with no obvious obstructions, and scenarios where drones can take close-up photos.

[0035] (2) Automated acquisition based on target detection and localization fusion By combining computer vision target detection algorithms, transformers in images are automatically identified, and then the location information is output by fusing UAV positioning data.

[0036] Technical principle: The drone captures videos or photos, and through the onboard edge computing device (or post-processing in the cloud), it uses a trained deep learning model (such as YOLO, Faster R-CNN) to automatically identify the pole transformers in the images. For the identified transformers, its pixel coordinates in the images are extracted. Combined with the drone's positioning information (latitude and longitude, altitude), camera parameters (focal length, pixel size), and attitude angles (heading angle, pitch angle, roll angle), the actual geographical coordinates of the transformers are calculated through spatial geometric transformation.

[0037] Advantages: High degree of automation, which can reduce the cost of manual labeling and is suitable for large-scale, high-frequency inspection scenarios.

[0038] Applicable scenarios: Urban power distribution networks (with densely distributed transformers) and scenarios requiring rapid investigation of changes in transformer locations.

[0039] 2. Topological Representation Method 1: Use structured tables, such as pole / tower data tables or cable data tables. See Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3.

[0040] (1) According to the tower data table, connect each tower in pairs according to the tower sequence to form a transmission line topology diagram.

[0041] (2) Based on the cable data table, connect each inflection point in pairs to form a power transmission cable topology diagram.

[0042] (3) Based on the user data table, match the meter box address with the access point name to construct the topological connection relationship between the meter box and the access point.

[0043] Table 1 is a data table of towers in this invention.

[0044] Table 2 is the cable data table in this invention.

[0045] Table 3 is the user data table in this invention.

[0046] Method 2: Select the association method through the visual interface. See the power distribution section for details.

[0047] Method 3: Using a single-line graph. For example... Figure 6 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 .

[0048] Method 4: Using equivalent circuits. For example... Figure 7 , Figure 8 .

[0049] II. Methods of Specialization 1. Power Transmission Specialty The transmission topology data is constructed using three methods: Method 1, Method 2, and Method 3. The main focus is on the main grid structure, specifically the topological relationships from power plants (new energy sources) to substations.

[0050] 2. Substation Specialty Substation topology data construction is implemented using method four. This primarily involves the substation's primary wiring diagram, covering the substation topology relationships for voltage levels including 1000kV, 800kV, 500kV, 220kV, 110kV, 66kV, and 35kV. Synchronization is performed from the SCADA system.

[0051] Substation internal diagrams are relatively complex and are generally already used and accurate in SCADA systems. To simplify the construction of the entire network topology data, synchronization from the SCADA system can be used; this invention defines this as a white-box approach. If synchronization is not possible to meet the needs of full network topology analysis, an equivalent circuit approach can be used, treating the entire substation as a whole and focusing only on the topology relationships of outgoing and incoming lines; this invention defines this as a black-box approach.

[0052] 3. Power Distribution Specialty Distribution topology data construction is implemented using methods one, two, and three. It primarily involves transformer substation topology maps, covering the topological connections of equipment at voltage levels such as 10kV and 0.4kV. The equipment involved mainly includes: distribution (civil engineering) transformers, pole-mounted transformers, cable branch boxes (low-voltage distribution boxes), poles, and connection points. The specific construction of the transformer substation topology map includes at least the following steps: Step 1: Enter distribution transformer information (1) Basic information entry; (2) Line type selection; (3) Station building type selection; Step 2: Enter or plot the location information of the cable branch box (low-voltage distribution box).

[0053] Step 3: Set the switch status and topology connection relationship for each low-voltage distribution box.

[0054] Step 4: Connecting the box and meter relationships Step 5: Generate transformer topology data.

[0055] 4. Electricity Marketing Major The electricity topology data is constructed using Method 1. This mainly involves the relationships between transformers, metering boxes, and users.

[0056] (1) Automatically match user set information based on meter box address.

[0057] (2) The relationship between the access point and the marketing system meter box is one-to-many, that is, there can be multiple meter boxes under one access point.

[0058] (3) The transformer can be found through the access point, and the relationship between transformer, metering box and user set can be constructed.

[0059] Finally, any aspects not fully described in this invention utilize existing mature products and technologies.

[0060] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing power grid topology data, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Acquire power grid equipment data through various data acquisition methods, including the location and relationship data of power plants, transformers, switches, towers, cable branch boxes, access points, and metering boxes; the data acquisition methods include extraction from as-built data or acquisition through UAV mapping, wherein UAV mapping adopts high-precision positioning technology or target detection and positioning fusion technology to achieve centimeter-level accuracy data acquisition; Step S2: Based on the collected data, construct preliminary topology relationships using various topology expression methods, including structured table method, visual interface selection method, single-line diagram drawing method, or equivalent circuit method. Among them, the structured table method automatically generates topology connections through tower data table, cable data table, and user data table. Step S3: Based on the power grid professional requirements, the preliminary topology relationship is constructed by professional disciplines: transmission, substation, distribution, and power consumption. Specifically, the transmission discipline uses the structured table method, visual interface method, or single-line diagram method to construct the main network topology; the substation discipline uses the equivalent circuit method to construct the substation topology, including white-box synchronization from the SCADA system or simplified black-box representation; the distribution discipline uses the visual interface method or single-line diagram method to construct the distribution area topology, generating topology data by inputting transformer information, plotting cable branch box locations, setting switch states, and connection relationships. The electrical engineering professionals use the structured table format described above to construct the relationships between transformers, metering boxes, and users. Step S4: Integrate the topology data of various disciplines to generate a full network topology map, and generate a geographical route map through reverse support to reduce system overhead and improve performance.

2. The method for constructing power grid topology data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The UAV mapping described in step S1 includes: Based on the direct acquisition method of high-precision positioning of UAVs, RTK or PPK technology is used to eliminate positioning errors and record the device position; Alternatively, an automated acquisition method based on the fusion of target detection and localization can be used to identify devices and calculate geographic coordinates through a deep learning model.

3. The method for constructing power grid topology data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selection of the topology representation method in step S2 depends on the data acquisition results in step S1, and the professional construction in step S3 is based on the preliminary topology in step S2, forming a logical chain: data acquisition → topology representation → professional application.

4. The method for constructing power grid topology data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power distribution topology construction described in step S3 includes the following sub-steps: S31. Enter the basic information of the distribution transformer and the line type; S32. Plot the location of cable branch boxes; S33. Set the switch status and connection relationship; S34. Generate transformer area topology data.

5. A data construction system used in the power grid topology data construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire power grid equipment data through as-built data or UAV mapping, wherein the UAV mapping integrates a high-precision positioning module or a computer vision module; A topology processing module, connected to the data acquisition module, is configured to process data using multiple topology representation methods to generate preliminary topology relationships. A professional construction module, connected to the topology processing module, is configured to construct topologies by profession: power transmission, substation, distribution, and power consumption, wherein the substation profession integrates the SCADA system interface; The integrated output module is connected to the professional construction module and configured to generate a full network topology map and inversely generate a geographic route map.

6. The data construction system used in the power grid topology data construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The data acquisition module includes a drone unit, which is equipped with an RTK / PPK module or an edge computing device to achieve high-precision data acquisition.

7. The data construction system used in the power grid topology data construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The topology processing module includes a table parsing unit, a visualization interface unit, and a graphics drawing unit. The professional construction module includes a power transmission unit, a power substation unit, a power distribution unit, and a power consumption unit. The modules are connected through a data bus to ensure smooth data flow.

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