High-adaptability motor end cover with replaceable bearing sleeve

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-adaptability motor end cover with a replaceable bearing sleeve, which comprises a motor end cover body, the bearing sleeve on the inner ring of the motor end cover body is of a detachable and replaceable structure, and when the bearing sleeve is assembled on the motor end cover body, the position of the bearing sleeve can be finely adjusted along the axis direction relative to the motor end cover body; according to the motor end cover, the motor end cover body and the bearing sleeve are designed into two independent modules which are matched through threads, the limitation of a traditional integrated structure is broken through, a user does not need to replace the whole end cover, only bearing sleeves with different inner diameters need to be replaced, bearings of different models can be rapidly adapted, the universality of the motor is greatly improved, and the cost is reduced. And the spare part inventory and maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of openable motors. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional motor design and manufacturing, the motor end cover and the internal bearing sleeve are usually integrated into one structure. This design has the following limitations:

[0003] Lack of axial fine-tuning capability: Different bearing models have their optimal axial positioning positions. Traditional one-piece end caps cannot achieve fine adjustment of the bearing installation position, making it difficult to optimize the bearing preload, which affects the bearing's operating performance and lifespan.

[0004] Poor compatibility and high replacement costs: The one-piece design means that each end cover can only accommodate one specific type of bearing. When the motor needs to be replaced with a bearing of a different size, such as due to a change in shaft extension or an upgrade in bearing model, or even just because the bearing sleeve is worn and requires repair, the entire motor end cover must be replaced. This not only increases the inventory cost of spare parts but also significantly increases the time and economic costs of maintenance.

[0005] Limited heat dissipation efficiency: Traditional end caps provide relatively passive heat dissipation for bearings, often relying on the overall air cooling of the motor or an external cooling system. The heat generated by the bearing operation is difficult to remove in a timely and effective manner, which can easily lead to excessively high bearing temperatures, thereby shortening its service life and even causing lubrication failure and equipment malfunction.

[0006] The fixing method poses a risk: If the bearing sleeve is designed to be separable, and its locking method relies solely on screw fastening, there is a risk of loosening during long-term operation of the motor, especially under vibration, which will affect the stability and safety of operation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a highly adaptable motor end cover with replaceable bearing sleeves that is axially adjustable, easy to maintain, has excellent heat dissipation and reliable operation.

[0008] Technical solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve motor end cover, comprising a motor end cover body, wherein the bearing sleeve in the inner ring of the motor end cover body is a detachable and replaceable structure, and the bearing sleeve can be finely adjusted in position relative to the motor end cover body along the axial direction when it is mounted on the motor end cover body.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner ring of the motor end cover body is an internally threaded wall; the outer wall of the bearing sleeve is provided with a number of bearing cooling air channel grooves extending through the axial direction in a circumferential array; a convex meshing surface is formed between any two adjacent bearing cooling air channel grooves of the bearing sleeve, and the number of convex meshing surfaces distributed in a circumferential array all coincide on the same cylindrical surface, and each convex meshing surface is provided with a thread that mates with the internal threaded wall; when the bearing sleeve is coaxially assembled on the motor end cover body, the internal threaded wall of the inner ring of the motor end cover body meshes with the threads on each convex meshing surface; when the bearing sleeve is coaxially assembled on the motor end cover body, the number of bearing cooling air channel grooves between the inner ring of the motor end cover body and the outer ring of the bearing sleeve form a number of bearing cooling air channels around the outer circumference of the bearing sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the motor corresponding to the motor end cover body is an openable motor; centrifugal blades are synchronously installed on the rotor inside the openable motor near the end of the motor end cover body; an air outlet is provided on the circumference of the motor housing of the openable motor; when the openable motor is running, the hot air inside the motor is discharged to the outside through the air outlet on the circumferential wall of the motor housing under the action of centrifugal air pressure; at the same time, driven by the centrifugal fan at the end of the rotor inside the motor, the outside air will be continuously drawn into the motor through several bearing cooling air channels on the outer circumference of the bearing sleeve under the action of centrifugal force.

[0011] Furthermore, several ball bearing constraint units are arranged in a circular array around the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve on the outer side of the motor end cover body.

[0012] Furthermore, the ball bearing restraint unit includes a ball bearing cylinder with its axis perpendicular to the axis of the motor end cover body. The ball bearing cylinder is fixed to the motor end cover body by a fixing seat. Ball bearings are disposed inside the ball bearing cylinder, and the diameter of the ball bearings is adapted to the inner diameter of the ball bearing cylinder. A limiting inner edge for restraining the ball bearings is provided at the lower end of the ball bearing cylinder. The inner wall of the ball bearing cylinder is provided with an internal thread, and it also includes an external threaded disc that mates with the internal thread. A thrust spring is coaxially disposed between the external threaded disc and the ball bearing inside the ball bearing cylinder. The thrust spring exerts a thrust on the ball bearing, causing the ball bearing to be restrained and fitted against the limiting inner edge. When the inner edge of the limiting device is engaged, the ball protrudes from one-sixth to one-quarter of its volume at the lower end of the ball cylinder; a top post is integrally and coaxially provided at the end of the external threaded disc near the ball, and in the initial state, there is a travel distance between the top post and the ball; a regular hexagonal protrusion that can be turned by an external tool is integrally and coaxially provided at the end of the external threaded disc away from the ball; from the perspective of the axis of the bearing sleeve, the bottom contour of each bearing cooling air channel groove is an arc shape that adapts to the radius of the ball; in the initial state, the part of the ball protruding from the lower end of the ball cylinder just fits in the bearing cooling air channel groove.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the initial state, during the initial stage of the bearing sleeve's rotation relative to the motor end cover body, the rotational torque of the bearing sleeve is converted into a thrust on each ball along the ball cylinder axis. Under the action of this thrust, the balls begin to roll out from the bearing cooling channel groove to the adjacent convex meshing surface. The originally protruding balls begin to retract into the ball cylinder, and the thrust spring is adaptively further compressed. As the bearing sleeve continues to rotate until each ball rolls into the next adjacent bearing cooling channel groove, the balls, under the thrust of the thrust spring, protrude again from the lower end of the ball cylinder and press against the new corresponding bearing cooling channel groove, re-entering a stable state.

[0014] At this point, relative to the initial state, the bearing sleeve has a relative rotation angle of a° relative to the motor end cover body. Let the total number of bearing cooling channel grooves be N, satisfying a°=(360 / N)°; at this point, under the threaded drive, the relative offset distance of the bearing sleeve relative to the motor end cover body along the axial direction is d, where d is the minimum scale value during the fine adjustment process.

[0015] If the target adjustment value of the relative position between the bearing sleeve and the motor end cover body along the axial direction is d×m, then based on the initial state, the bearing sleeve will reach the target position when its relative rotation angle with respect to the motor end cover body is (a×m)°.

[0016] Furthermore, after adjustment, use a tool to turn the hexagonal protrusions on each ball bearing constraint unit, so that the external threaded disc gradually approaches the ball bearing under the threaded drive until the travel distance becomes zero, and at the same time the thrust spring is compressed.

[0017] Furthermore, the outer end of the bearing sleeve is provided with several auxiliary process holes arranged in a circumferential array; the outer periphery of the motor end cover body is provided with several flange locking holes.

[0018] Beneficial effects: This invention proposes a highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve for a motor end cover, the core innovations of which are as follows:

[0019] Modular replaceable bearing sleeve design: The motor end cover body and the bearing sleeve are designed as two independent modules that are connected by threads. This completely breaks the limitations of the traditional one-piece structure, allowing users to quickly adapt to different bearing models by simply replacing the bearing sleeve with a different inner diameter without replacing the entire end cover. This improves the versatility of the motor and reduces spare parts inventory and maintenance costs.

[0020] Integrated high-efficiency active cooling airflow: A cleverly designed circular array of bearing cooling airflow grooves is incorporated into the outer wall of the bearing sleeve. When installed in the end cover body, it naturally forms a cooling airflow channel connecting the inside and outside of the motor. Utilizing the negative pressure generated by the centrifugal fan inside the motor, external cooling airflow is forcibly introduced, directly and evenly blowing across the outer surface of the bearing sleeve, achieving targeted and efficient heat dissipation of the bearing and effectively reducing the bearing's operating temperature.

[0021] An axial fine-tuning and indexing positioning mechanism based on ball-groove meshing was designed: a precision mechanism consisting of ball constraint units and bearing cooling channel grooves on the bearing sleeve are designed to cooperate with each other; continuous axial position adjustment is achieved by rotating the bearing sleeve and using threaded transmission. The balls are embedded in the grooves under the action of spring force, achieving precise positioning with a fixed angle a° = 360 / N° and a fixed axial displacement d as the minimum index value, ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the adjustment.

[0022] Switchable rigid locking and anti-loosening mechanism: The ball constraint unit itself is an operable locking device.

[0023] Adjustment status: The balls can be pressed down and rolled between the grooves, allowing for adjustment.

[0024] Locked state: By tightening the external threaded disc, the top column rigidly holds the ball, eliminating all movement clearances and rigidly connecting the bearing sleeve and the end cover body into one unit, effectively preventing relative rotation and loosening during operation and ensuring absolute reliability under extreme working conditions.

[0025] Multifunctional integration and ingenious spring application: The thrust spring plays a dual role in this solution, cleverly designed: During adjustment, it provides a restoring force to the ball bearings, ensuring accurate engagement into the next groove for indexing positioning. In the locked state, the extremely compressed spring generates a significant restoring force, which acts on the external threaded disc, transforming into an anti-loosening friction force to suppress its spontaneous rotation due to vibration, thus achieving mechanical self-locking. A single component performs two distinctly different core functions at different stages. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the bearing sleeve and motor end cover body in disassembled state;

[0027] Figure 2 This is an axial view of the bearing sleeve and motor end cover body in their combined state.

[0028] Figure 3 These are two perspective views of the combined bearing sleeve and motor end cover body.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the bearing sleeve and the motor end cover body in their combined state.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the fit between the bearing sleeve and the four ball bearing constraint units. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 5 The invention illustrates a highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve motor end cover, comprising a motor end cover body 1. The bearing sleeve 6 within the inner ring of the motor end cover body 1 is detachable and replaceable. When the bearing sleeve 6 is mounted on the motor end cover body 1, its position relative to the motor end cover body 1 can be finely adjusted along the axial direction. Traditional motor end covers typically employ a one-piece structure, where the bearing sleeve is inseparable from the end cover body. This necessitates replacing the entire end cover when the bearing model needs to be changed, increasing cost and maintenance time. Furthermore, traditional end covers have limited bearing heat dissipation capabilities, often relying on external cooling systems. This solution addresses these issues through its detachable and adjustable bearing sleeve design.

[0033] The motor end cover body 1 has several flange locking holes 2 on its outer periphery for sealing the motor housing; the inner ring of the motor end cover body 1 has an internally threaded wall 9; the outer wall of the bearing sleeve 6 has several bearing cooling air channel grooves 7 arranged in a circumferential array, extending through the axial direction; a raised engagement surface 8 is formed between any two adjacent bearing cooling air channel grooves 7 of the bearing sleeve 6, and the several raised engagement surfaces 8 arranged in a circumferential array all coincide on the same cylindrical surface, and each raised engagement surface 8 is provided with a thread that engages with the internally threaded wall 9; when the bearing sleeve 6 is coaxially assembled on the motor end cover body 1, the internally threaded wall 9 of the inner ring of the motor end cover body 1 engages with the threads on each raised engagement surface 8. The motor end cover body 1 is made of aluminum alloy casting, which has good lightweight and heat dissipation performance. The bearing sleeve 6 is made of high carbon chromium bearing steel, which has high hardness and wear resistance. The threads on the internal threaded wall 9 and the convex meshing surface 8 are fine-pitch threads with a pitch of 0.5 mm to 1 mm to ensure precise axial fine-tuning. The number of bearing cooling air channel grooves 7 is typically 20, evenly distributed on the outer circumference of the bearing sleeve 6.

[0034] With the bearing sleeve 6 coaxially assembled on the motor end cover body 1, a number of bearing cooling air channel grooves 7 between the inner ring of the motor end cover body 1 and the outer ring of the bearing sleeve 6 form a number of bearing cooling air channels 7a around the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve 6; the number of bearing cooling air channels 7a connects the inside and outside of the motor.

[0035] The motor corresponding to the motor end cover body 1 in this design is an openable motor. Centrifugal blades are synchronously installed on the rotor of the openable motor near the end cover body 1. An air outlet is provided circumferentially on the motor housing of this openable motor. When the openable motor is running, the hot air inside the motor is exhausted to the outside through the air outlet on the circumferential wall of the motor housing under the action of centrifugal air pressure. Simultaneously, driven by the centrifugal fan at the rotor end inside the motor, external air is continuously drawn into the motor through several bearing cooling air channels 7a around the bearing sleeve 6 under the action of centrifugal force, thereby continuously and evenly removing heat from the bearing sleeve 6, thus achieving efficient heat dissipation of the bearings inside the bearing sleeve 6. To improve the heat dissipation airflow, several ventilation holes 16 are also adaptively perforated on the motor end cover body 1.

[0036] The outer end of the bearing sleeve 6 is provided with a plurality of auxiliary process holes 10 arranged in a circumferential array, so that the bearing sleeve 6 can be rotated during the assembly process by a matching auxiliary tool. The auxiliary tool is a special wrench, whose pin matches the auxiliary process holes 10 to provide sufficient torque to rotate the bearing sleeve 6.

[0037] A number of ball bearing restraint units 18 are arranged in a circular array around the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve 6 on the outer side of the motor end cover body 1. The ball bearing restraint units 18 in this solution provide precise axial fine adjustment and reliable locking functions, ensuring operational stability.

[0038] The ball bearing restraint unit 18 includes a ball bearing cylinder 4 whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the motor end cover body 1. The ball bearing cylinder 4 is fixed to the motor end cover body 1 by a fixing seat 3. Ball bearings 5 ​​are disposed inside the ball bearing cylinder 4, and the diameter of the ball bearings 5 ​​is adapted to the inner diameter of the ball bearing cylinder 4. A limiting inner edge 12 for restraining the ball bearings 5 ​​is provided at the lower end of the ball bearing cylinder 4. The ball bearing cylinder 4 is made of hardened steel, and its inner diameter precisely matches the diameter of the ball bearings 5 ​​with a tolerance of ±0.01mm. The ball bearings 5 ​​are G10 grade precision balls. The chamfered design of the limiting inner edge 12 ensures that the ball bearings 5 ​​will not fall out while allowing smooth rolling.

[0039] The inner wall of the ball cylinder 4 is provided with an internal thread 35, and it also includes an external threaded disc 15 that is threadedly engaged with the internal thread 35. A thrust spring 11 is coaxially arranged between the external threaded disc 15 and the ball 5 inside the ball cylinder 4. The thrust spring 11 exerts a thrust on the ball 5, causing the ball 5 to be limited and fitted against the inner edge 12. When the ball 5 is limited and fitted against the inner edge 12, the ball 5 protrudes about one-fifth of its own volume at the lower end of the ball cylinder 4, specifically one-sixth to one-quarter; the external threaded disc 15 is close to A top post 13 is integrally mounted coaxially at one end near the ball bearing 5. In the initial state, there is a travel distance of 36 between the top post 13 and the ball bearing 5. A hexagonal protrusion 14, which can be turned by an external tool, is integrally mounted coaxially at the end of the external threaded disc 15 away from the ball bearing 5. Viewed along the axis of the bearing sleeve 6, the bottom contour of each bearing cooling channel groove 7 is an arc shape adapted to the radius of the ball bearing. In the initial state, the portion of the ball bearing 5 protruding from the lower end of the ball cylinder 4 fits perfectly within the bearing cooling channel groove 7. The thrust spring 11 is a stainless steel compression spring with a spring stiffness of 5 N / mm to 20 N / mm and an initial compression force of 10 N to 50 N. This ensures sufficient movement space for the ball bearing 5 during adjustment. The standard size of the hexagonal protrusion 14 is M4 to M8, compatible with common wrenches. The radius of the arc-shaped groove bottom of the bearing cooling channel groove 7 is the same as the radius of the ball bearing 5, ensuring a tight fit and smooth rolling.

[0040] In general, the end cover and bearing sleeve of a motor are integrated, which can only accommodate one type of bearing and cannot be changed according to changes in the customer's shaft extension. However, in this solution, the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 are interchangeable. When changing to a bearing model with a different size for the same type of motor, the original bearing sleeve 6 can be removed from the motor end cover body 1 and replaced with a bearing sleeve 6 that matches the new bearing model. The axial positioning positions of different bearing models with different sizes will also shift accordingly. Therefore, the relative displacement of the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 along the axial direction needs to be designed as an adjustable structure. The fine-tuning principle of the axial direction of the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 in this solution is as follows:

[0041] In the initial state, the balls 5 of each ball constraint unit 18 protrude from the lower end of the ball cylinder 4 and are pressed against their respective bearing cooling channel grooves 7. Under the constraint of each ball 5, the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 maintain a relatively stable state. Without sufficient relative torque, the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 will not rotate, thus preventing relative axial displacement. When it is necessary to fine-tune the relative position of the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 in the axial direction, during the fine-tuning process, for every division angle a° (i.e., 18° when N=20) of the bearing sleeve 6, the axial displacement d is equal to the thread pitch divided by N. For example, when the thread pitch is 1mm, d=0.05mm. This fine adjustment allows for precise control of the bearing's axial position, ensuring optimized bearing preload and extending bearing life.

[0042] Using a power-assisted tool, the bearing sleeve 6 is forced to rotate relative to the motor end cover body 1. In the initial stage of this rotation, due to the smooth, rounded bottom surface of the bearing cooling channel groove 7, the rotational torque of the bearing sleeve 6 is converted into a thrust on each ball 5 along the axis of the ball cylinder 4. Under this thrust, the balls 5 begin to roll out of the bearing cooling channel groove 7 onto the adjacent convex meshing surface 8. The originally protruding balls 5 begin to retract into the ball cylinder 4, and the thrust spring 11 is adaptively further compressed. As the bearing sleeve 6 continues to rotate until each ball 5 rolls into the next adjacent bearing cooling channel groove 7, the balls 5 are further compressed by the thrust spring. Under the thrust of spring 11, the bearing sleeve 6 protrudes again from the lower end of the ball cylinder 4 and presses against the newly corresponding bearing cooling channel groove 7, re-entering a stable state. At this time, relative to the initial state, the relative rotation angle between the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 is a°. Let the total number of bearing cooling channel grooves 7 be N, satisfying a°=(360 / N)°; the specific value of N in this scheme is 20; at this time, under the threaded drive, the relative offset distance of the bearing sleeve 6 relative to the motor end cover body 1 along the axial direction is d. In this scheme, d is the minimum scale value in the entire fine adjustment process. In this scheme, d is a very small value.

[0043] If the target adjustment value of the relative position between the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 along the axial direction is d×m, where m is an integer, then based on the initial state, the relative rotation angle of the bearing sleeve 6 relative to the motor end cover body 1 is (a×m)°.

[0044] After adjustment, use a tool to turn the hexagonal protrusions 14 on each ball bearing constraint unit 18, causing the external threaded disc 15 to gradually approach the ball bearing 5 under threaded transmission until the stroke distance 36 becomes zero. At this point, each top post 13 begins to rigidly limit contact with the ball bearing 5, making the ball bearing 5 completely rigidly constrained in the ball cylinder 4. Simultaneously, the thrust spring 11 is compressed to its limit. At this time, under the rigid constraint of each ball bearing 5, even with the aid of a tool, the bearing sleeve 6 cannot be forced to rotate relative to the motor end cover body 1. At this time, the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 are completely locked, avoiding the risk of the bearing sleeve 6 being rotated along with the motor during operation. At this time, the bearing sleeve 6 and the motor end cover body 1 are integrated to form a motor end cover structure adapted to the new bearing model. After locking, the thrust spring 11 is compressed to its limit, generating a greater elastic force, usually 100N to 200N, to prevent the external threaded disc 15 from loosening. The rigid contact between the top post 13 and the ball bearing 5 eliminates any gaps, ensuring that the bearing sleeve 6 will not shift under motor vibration.

[0045] Meanwhile, the thrust springs 11 on each ball constraint unit 18, after being compressed to their limits, generate a greater restoring force acting on the external threaded disc 15. At this time, the thrust force generated by the extremely compressed thrust springs 11 suppresses the spontaneous rotation between the external threaded disc 15 and the internal thread of the ball cylinder 4 due to motor vibration. Previously, when the travel distance 36 was not zero, the thrust springs 11 exerted a restoring force on the balls 5, ensuring that the balls 5 always tended to extend downwards out of the ball cylinder 4. Thus, the thrust springs 11 play drastically different functions before, during, and after adjustment, a clever design. This solution, through innovative replaceable bearing sleeves and ball constraint unit design, achieves high adaptability, efficient heat dissipation, and precise axial adjustment of the motor end cover, solving several pain points of traditional motor end covers.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve motor end cover, characterized in that: The motor end cover body (1) includes a bearing sleeve (6) on the inner ring of the motor end cover body (1), which is a detachable and replaceable structure. When the bearing sleeve (6) is assembled on the motor end cover body (1), the bearing sleeve (6) can be finely adjusted relative to the motor end cover body (1) along the axial direction.

2. The motor end cover with high adaptability and replaceable bearing sleeve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring of the motor end cover body (1) is an internally threaded wall (9); the outer wall of the bearing sleeve (6) is provided with a number of bearing cooling air channel grooves (7) extending through the axial direction in a circular array. A raised meshing surface (8) is formed between any two adjacent bearing cooling air channel grooves (7) of the bearing sleeve (6). Several raised meshing surfaces (8) distributed in a circumferential array coincide on the same cylindrical surface. Each raised meshing surface (8) is provided with a thread that mates with the thread of the inner thread wall (9). When the bearing sleeve (6) is coaxially assembled on the motor end cover body (1), the inner thread wall (9) of the inner ring of the motor end cover body (1) meshes with the threads on the meshing surfaces (8) of each convex strip. When the bearing sleeve (6) is coaxially mounted on the motor end cover body (1), a number of bearing cooling air channel grooves (7) between the inner ring of the motor end cover body (1) and the outer ring of the bearing sleeve (6) form a number of bearing cooling air channels (7a) around the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve (6).

3. A highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve motor end cover according to claim 2, characterized in that: The motor corresponding to the motor end cover body (1) is an open-type motor; centrifugal blades are synchronously installed on one end of the rotor of the open-type motor near the motor end cover body (1); the motor housing of the open-type motor is provided with an air outlet in the circumferential direction; when the open-type motor is running, the hot air inside the motor is discharged to the outside through the air outlet on the circumferential wall of the motor housing under the action of centrifugal air pressure; at the same time, under the drive of the centrifugal fan at the end of the rotor inside the motor, the external air will be continuously drawn into the motor through several bearing cooling air channels (7a) on the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve (6) under the action of centrifugal force.

4. A highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve motor end cover according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer side of the motor end cover body (1) is provided with several ball bearing constraint units (18) arranged in a circular array around the outer periphery of the bearing sleeve (6).

5. A highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve motor end cover according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ball restraint unit (18) includes a ball cylinder (4) whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the motor end cover body (1). The ball cylinder (4) is fixed on the motor end cover body (1) by a fixing seat (3). A ball (5) is provided inside the ball cylinder (4). The diameter of the ball (5) is adapted to the inner diameter of the ball cylinder (4). A limiting inner edge (12) for restraining the ball (5) is provided at the lower end of the ball cylinder (4). The inner wall of the ball cylinder (4) is provided with an internal thread (35), and it also includes an external threaded disk (15) that is threadedly engaged with the internal thread (35). A thrust spring (11) is coaxially arranged between the external threaded disk (15) and the ball (5) inside the ball cylinder (4). The thrust spring (11) generates a thrust on the ball (5), causing the ball (5) to be limited and fitted against the inner edge of the limiting position (12). When the ball (5) is limited and fitted against the inner edge of the limiting position (12), the ball (5) protrudes one-sixth to one-quarter of its own volume at the lower end of the ball cylinder (4); the external threaded disk (15) is close to One end of the ball (5) is coaxially and integrally provided with a top post (13). In the initial state, there is a travel distance (36) between the top post (13) and the ball (5). The end of the external threaded disk (15) away from the ball (5) is coaxially and integrally provided with a regular hexagonal protrusion (14) that can be turned by an external tool. From the perspective of the axis of the bearing sleeve (6), the bottom contour of each bearing cooling channel groove (7) is an arc shape that is adapted to the radius of the ball. In the initial state, the part of the ball (5) protruding from the lower end of the ball cylinder (4) is just in contact with the bearing cooling channel groove (7).

6. The method for adjusting a motor end cover with a highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve according to claim 5, characterized in that: Based on the initial state, during the initial stage of the rotation of the bearing sleeve (6) relative to the motor end cover body (1), the rotational torque of the bearing sleeve (6) is converted into a thrust on each ball (5) along the axis of the ball cylinder (4), causing the ball (5) to start rolling out from the bearing cooling air channel groove (7) to the adjacent convex meshing surface (8) under the action of the thrust. The originally protruding ball (5) begins to retract into the ball cylinder (4), and the thrust spring (11) is adaptively further compressed. As the bearing sleeve (6) continues to rotate until each ball (5) rolls into the next adjacent bearing cooling air channel groove (7), the ball (5) protrudes again from the lower end of the ball cylinder (4) under the thrust of the thrust spring (11) and presses against the new corresponding bearing cooling air channel groove (7), and re-enters a stable state. At this time, relative to the initial state, the relative rotation angle between the bearing sleeve (6) and the motor end cover body (1) is a°. Let the total number of bearing cooling channel grooves (7) be N, satisfying a°=(360 / N)°; at this time, under the threaded drive, the relative offset distance of the bearing sleeve (6) and the motor end cover body (1) along the axial direction is d, where d is the minimum scale value in the fine adjustment process; If the target adjustment value of the relative position of the bearing sleeve (6) and the motor end cover body (1) along the axial direction is d×m, then based on the initial state, the bearing sleeve (6) is just at a relative rotation angle of (a×m)° relative to the motor end cover body (1) to reach the target position.

7. The method for adjusting a highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve motor end cover according to claim 6, characterized in that: After adjustment, use a tool to turn the hexagonal protrusion (14) on each ball constraint unit (18) so that the external threaded disc (15) gradually approaches the ball (5) under the thread drive until the travel distance (36) becomes zero, and at the same time the thrust spring (11) is compressed.

8. A highly adaptable and replaceable bearing sleeve motor end cover according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer end of the bearing sleeve (6) is provided with a number of auxiliary process holes (10) arranged in a circular array; the outer periphery of the motor end cover body (1) is provided with a number of flange locking holes (2).

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