Floating main shaft and chamfering equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a floating main shaft and chamfering equipment. The floating main shaft comprises a main shaft body, a main shaft mounting seat, a connecting piece, a first guide supporting assembly, a second guide supporting assembly and a floating mechanism, the main shaft body sequentially penetrates through the main shaft mounting base, the connecting piece and the floating mechanism, the main shaft body is fixedly connected with the main shaft mounting base, and the floating mechanism is used for achieving radial floating of the main shaft body; the first guiding and supporting assembly is connected between the main shaft installation base and the connecting piece so that the main shaft installation base can move in the first direction relative to the connecting piece, and the second guiding and supporting assembly is connected between the connecting piece and the floating mechanism so that the connecting piece can move in the second direction relative to the floating mechanism. The first guide supporting assembly and the second guide supporting assembly are used for supporting the main shaft body and bearing the weight of the main shaft body. The floating starting delay time can be shortened, the floating response sensitivity and the posture following performance are improved, the floating precision and machining consistency are guaranteed, energy loss is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a floating spindle and a chamfering device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of precision manufacturing, the floating spindle as a core executive component is widely used in plane polishing, deburring, chamfering and precision milling of automobile parts, 3C products, aerospace components and the like. Through the flexible floating compensation in the axial and radial directions, the surface undulations of the workpiece, the clamping positioning errors and the stress fluctuations in the machining process are adaptively compensated, so that the defects such as surface scratches, overcutting and undercutting caused by rigid contact are avoided, and the machining consistency and surface smoothness are improved, thereby meeting the urgent needs of modern manufacturing for high-precision and high-efficiency machining.

[0003] At present, the plane floating spindles on the market mostly adopt a radial-axial combined floating mode, and the floating mechanism thereof mainly relies on passive structures such as mechanical spring reset. In actual application, the floating mechanism of this kind of floating spindle needs to provide elastic force to drive the spindle and the chamfering tool and the polishing wheel to realize posture adjustment and position compensation, so as to adapt to the machining requirements of complex workpieces.

[0004] However, the existing radial-axial floating spindle has an inherent technical defect: since the spindle body and the machining tool itself have a certain weight, and the existing floating implementation mode lacks a targeted gravity compensation design, when the floating mechanism drives the spindle to occur floating deflection, the self-gravity of the spindle and the tool must be overcome first, and then effective posture adjustment and displacement compensation can be realized. This defect directly leads to a series of problems in the working process of the existing plane floating spindle, and seriously restricts the machining precision and performance of the floating spindle.

[0005] Firstly, the floating response sensitivity is low. When the spindle floats, the driving force of the floating mechanism needs to offset the self-gravity first, which leads to the extension of the hysteresis time of the spindle starting to float, and the spindle cannot quickly follow the undulation changes of the workpiece surface, especially in the high-speed automatic machining scene, which easily causes instantaneous contact force mutation, causes defects in the surface quality of the workpiece or aggravates tool wear, and reduces the machining size precision.

[0006] Secondly, the floating angle and the floating force are uncontrollable. The floating angle of the existing passive floating structure is completely determined by the combined force of the workpiece contact force and the self-gravity of the spindle, and there is no precise offset and adjustment mechanism for the self-gravity influence, which leads to poor consistency of the floating angle under different machining postures. For example, when the horizontal plane machining and the inclined plane machining are switched, the direction and size of the self-gravity acting on the floating mechanism change, so that the floating force output under the same working condition parameters is unstable, and the edge size and flatness of the machined workpiece have significant deviations, which is difficult to meet the consistency requirements of batch precision machining.

[0007] Moreover, the energy consumption is large and the service life of the mechanism is shortened. The floating mechanism needs to overcome the weight for a long time, which not only increases the energy consumption of compressed air or mechanical elastic elements, but also causes the elastic elements, seals and transmission components inside the floating mechanism to bear additional continuous loads, aggravates the fatigue wear and aging speed of the components, reduces the overall service life of the main shaft, and increases the maintenance cost and shutdown frequency of the equipment, affecting the production efficiency.

[0008] In addition, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, precision electronics and other industries, the requirement for workpiece machining precision has entered the micron level, and the floating response speed and attitude stability of the main shaft of the automatic production line have higher standards. The performance short board caused by the weight of the existing floating main shaft cannot meet the machining requirements of high-end manufacturing fields, and has become a bottleneck restricting the further development of precision floating machining technology.

[0009] Therefore, how to provide a planar floating main shaft capable of offsetting the influence of the weight of the main shaft and achieving precise floating without overcoming the weight is a technical problem to be solved in the field. SUMMARY

[0010] To solve at least one of the above technical problems, the present application provides a floating main shaft, comprising a main shaft body, a main shaft mounting seat, a connecting piece, a first guide support assembly, a second guide support assembly and a floating mechanism. The main shaft body is sequentially arranged in the main shaft mounting seat, the connecting piece and the floating mechanism, and the main shaft body is fixedly connected with the main shaft mounting seat, and the floating mechanism is in radial elastic abutment with the main shaft body, for realizing the radial floating of the main shaft body. The first guide support assembly is connected between the main shaft mounting seat and the connecting piece, so that the main shaft mounting seat can move relative to the connecting piece along a first direction, and the second guide support assembly is connected between the connecting piece and the floating mechanism, so that the connecting piece can move relative to the floating mechanism along a second direction, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other and are both in the radial plane of the main shaft body, and the first guide support assembly and the second guide support assembly are used for supporting the main shaft body and bearing the weight of the main shaft body itself.

[0011] Further, the first guide support assembly comprises a first X-axis linear pair and a second X-axis linear pair, the first X-axis linear pair and the second X-axis linear pair are parallel and oppositely arranged between the main shaft mounting seat and the connecting piece, and are both connected to the main shaft mounting seat and the connecting piece, and are respectively located on opposite sides of the main shaft body, for jointly supporting the main shaft body and enabling the main shaft body to float along the first direction.

[0012] Further, the first X-axis linear pair comprises an X-axis guide rail, an X-axis sliding rail oppositely arranged with the X-axis guide rail, and a first rolling body located between the X-axis guide rail and the X-axis sliding rail. The X-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to one end surface of the main shaft mounting seat close to the connecting piece, the X-axis sliding rail is fixedly connected to one end surface of the main shaft mounting seat close to the connecting piece, and the first rolling body is used to realize the relative linear motion of the X-axis sliding rail and the X-axis guide rail; The first guide groove is arranged on one surface of the X-axis guide rail close to the X-axis sliding rail, the first limiting groove is arranged on one surface of the X-axis sliding rail close to the X-axis guide rail, and the two ends of the first rolling body are respectively clamped into the first guide groove of the X-axis guide rail and the first limiting groove of the X-axis sliding rail. The first rolling body can roll along the first guide groove and the first limiting groove, drive the X-axis sliding rail to move along the first direction relative to the X-axis guide rail, and realize the floating of the main shaft mounting seat and the main shaft body in the first direction.

[0013] Further, the second guide support assembly includes a first Y-axis linear pair and a second Y-axis linear pair, the first Y-axis linear pair and the second Y-axis linear pair are arranged in parallel and opposite to each other between the connecting piece and the floating mechanism, and are connected to the connecting piece and the floating mechanism, and are respectively located on opposite sides of the main shaft body, and are used to jointly support the connecting piece and the main shaft body and make the main shaft body float in the second direction; wherein, the first Y-axis linear pair and the first X-axis linear pair are perpendicular to each other.

[0014] Further, the first Y-axis linear pair includes a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis sliding rail arranged opposite to the Y-axis guide rail, and a second rolling body arranged between the Y-axis guide rail and the Y-axis sliding rail; The Y-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to one surface of the floating mechanism close to the connecting piece, the Y-axis sliding rail is fixedly connected to one end surface of the connecting piece close to the floating mechanism, and the second rolling body is used to realize the relative linear motion of the Y-axis sliding rail and the Y-axis guide rail; The second guide groove is arranged on one surface of the Y-axis guide rail close to the Y-axis sliding rail, the second limiting groove is arranged on one surface of the Y-axis sliding rail close to the Y-axis guide rail, and the two ends of the second rolling body are respectively clamped into the second guide groove of the Y-axis guide rail and the second limiting groove of the Y-axis sliding rail. The second rolling body can roll along the second guide groove and the second limiting groove, drive the Y-axis sliding rail to move along the second direction relative to the Y-axis guide rail, so that the connecting piece, the mounting seat and the main shaft body float in the second direction.

[0015] Further, the floating mechanism includes a ring-shaped cylinder seat, a plurality of groups of cylinder assemblies arranged on the ring-shaped cylinder seat and uniformly distributed along the circumference of the ring-shaped cylinder seat, and a cylinder mounting seat sleeved on the main shaft body and the ring-shaped cylinder seat; Each group of cylinder assemblies includes a piston and a piston rod, one end of the piston rod away from the piston abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the main shaft body, and the plurality of groups of cylinder assemblies cooperate to realize the radial floating of the main shaft body; The cylinder mounting base forms an air chamber with the annular cylinder seat, and a sealing ring is provided between the cylinder mounting base and the annular cylinder seat.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes an electromagnetic proportional valve, which is installed at the air inlet of the floating mechanism to control the air pressure inside the floating mechanism in order to adjust the floating force of the main shaft body in real time.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes: A dustproof ring is set at the end of the cylinder mounting seat away from the annular cylinder seat and is sleeved on the main shaft body to protect the internal structure of the floating mechanism, the first guide support assembly and the second guide support assembly from dust. A protective cover covers the spindle mounting base, the first guide support assembly, the connector, and the second guide support assembly on the side away from the spindle. The end of the cover near the cylinder mounting base is fixedly connected to the cylinder mounting base to protect the structure between the cover and the spindle body. The limit photosensitive sensor is located on the side of the cylinder mounting base near the dustproof ring. It is used to monitor the floating status of the spindle body in real time and send signals to the external control system to realize remote protection control of the floating spindle.

[0018] Furthermore, an X-axis scale is provided on the side of the spindle mounting base facing away from the connector and corresponding to the guiding direction of the first guide support assembly, and a Y-axis scale is provided corresponding to the guiding direction of the second guide support assembly. The side of the protective cover away from the cylinder mounting base is provided with scale indicators corresponding to both the X-axis scale and the Y-axis scale. The X-axis scale, the Y-axis scale, and the scale indicators are used together to measure the floating dimensions of the spindle body in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

[0019] The present invention also provides a chamfering device, comprising the aforementioned floating spindle, and further comprising a BT30 tool holder, a quick-change device, a positioning plate, a tool disc, and a control system. The BT30 tool holder is connected to the floating spindle, and the tool disc is mounted on the BT30 tool holder for performing chamfering operations. The positioning plate is mounted on the floating spindle and located at the connection between the BT30 tool holder and the floating spindle. The quick-change device is disposed at one end of the BT30 tool holder near the floating spindle. The quick-change device and the positioning plate are detachably coupled. The active tool changing function is realized through the coordinated action of the quick-change device and the positioning plate. The control system is used to receive signals from the limit photosensitive sensor, monitor the working status of the floating spindle in real time, and control the start and stop of the floating spindle.

[0020] This invention provides a floating spindle and a chamfering device. The floating spindle comprises a spindle body, a spindle mounting base, a connector, a first guide support assembly, a second guide support assembly, and a floating mechanism. The spindle body is sequentially inserted into the spindle mounting base, the connector, and the floating mechanism. The spindle body is fixedly connected to the spindle mounting base, and the floating mechanism elastically abuts against the spindle body radially, enabling the spindle body to float radially. The first guide support assembly connects the spindle mounting base and the connector, allowing the spindle mounting base to move relative to the connector in a first direction. This allows the spindle body to move along the first direction with the spindle mounting base while floating on the floating mechanism. The second guide support assembly connects the connector and the floating mechanism, allowing the connector to move relative to the floating mechanism in a second direction. This allows the spindle body to move along the second direction with both the spindle mounting base and the connector while floating on the floating mechanism. The first and second directions are perpendicular to each other and both lie within the radial plane of the spindle body. The first and second guide support components in this application provide stable support for the spindle body and, together with the radial positioning force of the floating mechanism, offset its own weight. When the spindle body floats, it does not need to overcome its own weight to do work. It only needs to respond to the contact force of the workpiece to achieve flexible deflection in the radial plane, which greatly shortens the floating start-up lag time, improves the floating response sensitivity and attitude following, ensures floating accuracy and processing consistency, and at the same time reduces energy consumption and extends the service life of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings, the same parts use the same reference numerals. The drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of a floating spindle according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of another embodiment of a floating spindle according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram from a perspective of an embodiment of a floating spindle according to the present invention. Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-section; Figure 5 for Figure 3 BB cross-sectional diagram; Figure 6This is a partial schematic diagram of an embodiment of a floating spindle according to the present invention; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the CC cross-section; Figure 8 for Figure 6 DD cross-sectional schematic diagram; Figure 9 This is a partial schematic diagram of another embodiment of a floating spindle according to the present invention; Figure 10 This is a partial schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a floating spindle according to the present invention; Figure 11 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of the first guide support component of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a partial schematic diagram of an embodiment of the first guide support component of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a perspective view of an embodiment of the second guide support component of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a partial schematic diagram of an embodiment of the second guide support component of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component present. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component present.

[0025] It should also be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc., these directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. Furthermore, if the embodiments of the present invention involve descriptions such as "first," "second," "S1," "S2," "step one," "step two," etc., these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of method execution. Those skilled in the art will understand that anything that does not violate the inventive concept and does not contradict the inventive points should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a floating spindle 100, which includes a spindle body 110, a spindle mounting base 120, a connector 130, a first guide support assembly 140, a second guide support assembly 150, and a floating mechanism 160.

[0027] The spindle body 110 is sequentially mounted on the spindle mounting base 120, the connector 130, and the floating mechanism 160. The spindle body 110 is fixedly connected to the spindle mounting base 120, optionally by bolts. Optionally, the connector 130 in this embodiment is, for example, a connecting plate. The floating mechanism 160 radially elastically abuts against the spindle body 110 to achieve radial floating of the spindle body 110. Specifically, the inner part of the floating mechanism abuts and positions itself against the spindle body. When the spindle body is subjected to a radial reaction force during machining, the inner part of the floating mechanism corresponding to the reaction force is compressed, while the remaining part extends, ensuring that the floating mechanism always surrounds and abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the spindle body. When the external force on the spindle body is removed, the compressed inner part of the floating mechanism automatically returns to its original position, and the spindle body automatically returns to center, thus aligning and positioning the spindle body.

[0028] Specifically, the first guide support assembly 140 is connected between the spindle mounting base 120 and the connector 130, so that the spindle mounting base 120 can move relative to the connector 130 in the first direction, thereby allowing the spindle body 110 to move along the first direction with the spindle mounting base 120 while floating on the floating mechanism 160.

[0029] Furthermore, the second guide support assembly 150 is connected between the connector 130 and the floating mechanism 160, allowing the connector 130 to move relative to the floating mechanism 160 along the second direction. This allows the spindle body 110 to move along the second direction along with the spindle mounting base 120 and the connector 130 while floating on the floating mechanism 160. The first and second directions are perpendicular to each other and both lie within the radial plane of the spindle body 110. In this embodiment, the first guide support assembly 140 and the second guide support assembly 150 work together to support the spindle body 110 and bear its own weight.

[0030] In this embodiment, the present invention provides a floating spindle, including a spindle body, a spindle mounting base, a connector, a first guide support assembly, a second guide support assembly, and a floating mechanism. The spindle body is sequentially inserted through the spindle mounting base, the connector, and the floating mechanism, and the spindle body is fixedly connected to the spindle mounting base. Simultaneously, the radial floating of the spindle body is achieved by the radial elastic contact between the floating mechanism and the spindle body. The first guide support assembly is connected between the spindle mounting base and the connector, allowing the spindle mounting base to move relative to the connector in a first direction. Thus, when the spindle body floats on the floating mechanism, it can simultaneously move along the spindle mounting base in the first direction. The second guide support assembly is connected between the connector and the floating mechanism, allowing the connector to move relative to the floating mechanism in a second direction. Thus, when the spindle body floats on the floating mechanism, it can simultaneously move along the spindle mounting base and the connector in the second direction.

[0031] This embodiment provides stable support to the spindle body through the first and second guide support components. Furthermore, the radial positioning force of the floating mechanism counteracts the spindle body's weight during its floating process. This means the spindle does not need to overcome its own weight to float; it only needs to respond to the workpiece contact force to achieve flexible deflection in the radial plane. The radial guide support structure composed of the first guide support component, the connector, and the second guide support component significantly shortens the floating start-up lag time, allowing the spindle body to quickly adjust its posture to follow workpiece surface undulations and clamping errors. This avoids sudden changes in contact force caused by slow response during high-speed machining, preventing overcutting, undercutting, or surface scratches on the workpiece. It is suitable for precision automated machining scenarios, improving floating response sensitivity and posture following performance. In this embodiment, the radial guide support structure composed of the first guide support component, the connector, and the second guide support component ensures that the spindle body floats without self-weight interference. Its floating process is smooth, without jamming or vibration, further guaranteeing the coaxiality and positioning accuracy of the spindle during high-speed operation and reducing tool wear rate.

[0032] In this embodiment, the interference of the spindle's own weight on the floating mechanism is canceled out. The spindle's floating angle and floating force are determined only by the workpiece force and the linear guide accuracy, without any additional gravity deviation. Whether machining on a horizontal or inclined plane, or switching between tools of different weights in batches, the spindle's floating posture remains stable. The consistency of the machined workpiece's edge dimensions, flatness, and surface finish is significantly improved, ensuring both floating accuracy and machining consistency. Simultaneously, in this embodiment, the floating mechanism does not need to continuously resist the spindle's own weight; it only bears the workpiece contact force and the load required for positioning, avoiding additional fatigue wear. This reduces energy consumption and operating costs, while also slowing down the aging process of the floating mechanism, reducing equipment maintenance frequency and downtime, and extending the overall service life of the floating spindle.

[0033] Optionally, such as Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, the first guide support assembly 140 includes a first X-axis linear pair 141 and a second X-axis linear pair 142. The first X-axis linear pair and the second X-axis linear pair are parallel to each other and are disposed opposite to each other between the spindle mounting base and the connector. They are both connected to the spindle mounting base and the connector and are located on opposite sides of the spindle body, respectively, for jointly supporting the spindle body and causing the spindle body to float along the first direction.

[0034] Optionally, such as Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the first X-axis linear pair 141 in this embodiment includes an X-axis guide rail 1411, an X-axis sliding rail 1412 disposed opposite to the X-axis guide rail, and a first rolling element 1413 located between the X-axis guide rail and the X-axis sliding rail.

[0035] In this embodiment, the X-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to the end face of the connector near the spindle mounting base, for example, by bolts. Additionally, the X-axis sliding rail is fixedly connected to the end face of the spindle mounting base near the connector, for example, by bolts. In this embodiment, the first rolling element is used to achieve relative linear motion between the X-axis sliding rail and the X-axis guide rail. Optionally, the first rolling element in this embodiment is, for example, a steel ball or a roller.

[0036] The X-axis guide rail has a first guide groove adapted to the first rolling element on the side near the X-axis sliding rail, and a first limiting groove adapted to the first rolling element on the side of the X-axis sliding rail near the X-axis guide rail. Both ends of the first rolling element are respectively engaged in the first guide groove of the X-axis guide rail and the first limiting groove of the X-axis sliding rail. The first rolling element can roll along the first guide groove and the first limiting groove, driving the X-axis sliding rail to move relative to the X-axis guide rail in a first direction, thereby achieving the floating of the spindle mounting base and the spindle body in the first direction. The first direction is the X-axis direction. It should be noted that the specific structure of the second X-axis linear pair in this embodiment is consistent with that of the first X-axis linear pair, and will not be described in detail here.

[0037] Optionally, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 10 As shown, the second guide support assembly 150 includes a first Y-axis linear joint 151 and a second Y-axis linear joint 152. The first Y-axis linear joint and the second Y-axis linear joint are parallel to and opposite to each other between the connector and the floating mechanism, and are both connected to the connector and the floating mechanism. They are located on opposite sides of the main shaft body, respectively, for jointly supporting the connector and the main shaft body and causing the main shaft body to float along the second direction. The first Y-axis linear joint and the second Y-axis linear joint are both perpendicular to the first X-axis linear joint and the second X-axis linear joint.

[0038] Optionally, such as Figure 7 , Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, the first Y-axis linear pair 151 includes a Y-axis guide rail 1511, a Y-axis sliding rail 1512 disposed opposite to the Y-axis guide rail, and a second rolling element 1513 disposed between the Y-axis guide rail and the Y-axis sliding rail.

[0039] The Y-axis guide rail is fixedly connected to the side of the floating mechanism near the connecting member, for example, by bolting. The Y-axis sliding rail is also fixedly connected to the end face of the connecting member near the floating mechanism, for example, by bolting. In this embodiment, the second rolling element is used to achieve relative linear motion between the Y-axis sliding rail and the Y-axis guide rail.

[0040] The Y-axis guide rail has a second guide groove adapted to the second rolling element on the side near the Y-axis sliding rail, and a second limiting groove adapted to the second rolling element on the side of the Y-axis sliding rail near the Y-axis guide rail. Both ends of the second rolling element are respectively engaged in the second guide groove of the Y-axis guide rail and the second limiting groove of the Y-axis sliding rail. The second rolling element can roll along the second guide groove and the second limiting groove, thereby driving the Y-axis sliding rail to move relative to the Y-axis guide rail in a second direction, so that the connecting piece, mounting base, and main shaft body float in the second direction. The second direction is the Y-axis direction. It should be noted that the specific structure of the second Y-axis linear pair in this embodiment is consistent with that of the first Y-axis linear pair, and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] In this embodiment, stable support is provided through the coordinated cooperation of the first X-axis linear joint, the second X-axis linear joint, the first Y-axis linear joint, and the second Y-axis linear joint. This supports and bears the weight of the spindle body itself. The weight of the spindle body that needs to be overcome during the floating process is converted into the rolling friction force of the rolling elements in the first X-axis linear joint, the second X-axis linear joint, the first Y-axis linear joint, and the second Y-axis linear joint. The resistance is very small, which offsets the weight of the spindle body and the mounted tool. This avoids the floating mechanism overcoming the weight of the spindle body when it floats radially. As a result, the spindle body can achieve radial floating deflection through the floating mechanism without having to overcome its own weight. That is, it only needs to respond to the contact force of the workpiece to achieve flexible deflection in the XY plane, which improves the floating response sensitivity and attitude following performance.

[0042] Optionally, such as Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the floating mechanism 160 includes an annular cylinder seat 161, multiple sets of cylinder assemblies 162 disposed on the annular cylinder seat and evenly distributed along the circumference of the annular cylinder seat, and a cylinder mounting seat 163 sleeved on the spindle body and the annular cylinder seat. Each set of cylinder assemblies 162 includes a piston 1621 and a piston rod 1622. The end of the piston rod away from the piston abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the spindle body. The multiple sets of cylinder assemblies work together to achieve radial floating of the spindle body.

[0043] Preferably, the cylinder assembly in this embodiment comprises, for example, eight groups. It should be noted that this embodiment does not limit the specific number of cylinder assemblies; the specific number of cylinder assemblies in this embodiment can be designed according to actual production needs.

[0044] In this embodiment, a gas cavity 165 is formed between the cylinder mounting base and the annular cylinder seat, and a sealing ring 164 is provided between the cylinder mounting base and the annular cylinder seat. In this embodiment, the sealing ring is used to seal the gas cavity formed between the cylinder mounting base and the annular cylinder seat, maintaining the sealing environment of the floating mechanism and ensuring air pressure stability. Optionally, in this embodiment, the specific number of sealing rings between the cylinder mounting base and the annular cylinder seat is, for example, two.

[0045] In this embodiment, the floating spindle 100 also includes an electromagnetic proportional valve, located at the air inlet of the floating mechanism, used to control the air pressure inside the floating mechanism to adjust the floating force of the spindle body in real time. The electromagnetic proportional valve in this embodiment is used to adjust the output pressure of the floating mechanism, adapting it to spindles and machining tools of different weights, achieving precise matching between positioning force and floating force. Furthermore, based on the required grinding force of the workpiece, the floating force of the piston rod inside the floating mechanism can be adjusted in real time by controlling the electromagnetic proportional valve, thereby adjusting the contact force between the floating mechanism and the spindle body to meet different cutting requirements.

[0046] Optionally, such as Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the floating spindle 100 in this embodiment also includes a dustproof ring 180, a protective cover 170, and a limiting photosensitive sensor 190. The dustproof ring 180 is located at the end of the cylinder mounting base 163 away from the annular cylinder seat 161, and is sleeved on the spindle body 110, serving to protect the internal structures of the floating mechanism 160, the first guide support assembly 140, and the second guide support assembly 150 from dust. The protective cover 170 is located on the side of the spindle mounting base, the first guide support assembly, the connector, and the second guide support assembly away from the spindle, with its end near the cylinder mounting base fixedly connected to the cylinder mounting base, serving to protect the structure between it and the spindle body. This embodiment uses a dustproof ring to block dust and impurities, preventing guide accuracy failure and preventing coolant or cutting fluid intrusion. It protects components from rust and lubrication, reducing wear on vulnerable parts such as the linear pair rolling elements and cylinder piston rods caused by impurities and liquids. It also prevents the floating mechanism from malfunctioning due to component damage, such as jamming and decreased accuracy. This significantly reduces the frequency of disassembly and cleaning of the equipment and component replacement, extending the maintenance cycle and overall service life of the floating mechanism, and is suitable for the long-term continuous operation requirements of automated production lines.

[0047] Additionally, a limit sensor 190 is located on the side of the cylinder mounting base near the dust seal. This sensor monitors the floating state of the spindle body in real time and sends signals to an external control system for remote protection and control of the floating spindle. In this embodiment, the limit sensor enables overtravel protection and triggers an emergency stop in case of misoperation or runaway malfunction of the floating spindle, protecting it from mechanical damage. Misoperation includes human error, incorrect control system commands causing the floating spindle to exceed the preset floating range, and runaway malfunctions include drive component failures and signal anomalies causing the floating spindle to float uncontrollably at high speed or excessively, similar to "uncontrolled surging." This embodiment uses the limit sensor to detect the floating spindle's travel in real time. When it detects that the travel exceeds the preset safety range, it immediately triggers an emergency stop command, cutting off the power source and forcing the spindle to stop floating, thus protecting the floating spindle.

[0048] Optionally, such as Figure 6As shown, an X-axis scale 121 is provided on the side of the spindle mounting base 120 opposite to the connector 130 and corresponding to the guiding direction of the first guide support assembly 140, and a Y-axis scale 122 is provided corresponding to the guiding direction of the second guide support assembly. A scale indicator 171 is provided on the side of the protective cover away from the cylinder mounting base, corresponding to both the X-axis and Y-axis scales. The X-axis scale, Y-axis scale, and scale indicator are used together to measure the floating dimension of the spindle body in the X and Y axes. In this embodiment, the floating spindle's floating size in the X and Y axes can be clearly understood and read using the X-axis and Y-axis scales on the spindle mounting base and the scale indicator on the protective cover.

[0049] In this embodiment, the floating spindle uses a stable air pressure input into the floating mechanism. Eight sets of cylinder assemblies on the annular cylinder seat push out towards the spindle body and contact it. The ends of the eight piston rods furthest from the pistons are pushed out and pressed against the outer wall of the spindle, meaning that cylinder assemblies are positioned along the circumference of the spindle body. When the floating spindle of this embodiment is used to machine a workpiece, and when the spindle body is subjected to a radial reaction force during machining, the corresponding cylinder assemblies are compressed. Simultaneously, the spindle body shifts along the X and Y planes along with the first X-axis linear joint, second X-axis linear joint, first Y-axis linear joint, and second Y-axis linear joint supporting its weight, achieving spindle body floating. This means the spindle body adapts to fluctuations in part dimensions, and the tool remains in contact with the workpiece during machining. When the external force on the spindle body is removed, the compressed cylinder assemblies automatically return to their original positions, and the spindle body automatically returns to center.

[0050] In this embodiment, the present invention also provides a chamfering device, which includes all the above-mentioned floating spindles. Therefore, the chamfering device has all the beneficial effects of the floating spindle of the present invention, which will not be described in detail again.

[0051] Specifically, the chamfering device in this embodiment further includes a BT30 tool holder, a quick-change device, a positioning plate, a cutter head, and a control system. The BT30 tool holder is connected to the floating spindle, and the cutter head is mounted on the BT30 tool holder, used to perform the chamfering operation. The BT30 tool holder and the cutter head are connected via a spline, allowing for adjustment of the processed plate thickness and transmitting power from the floating spindle to process the plate. Optionally, the cutter head in this embodiment may be, for example, a four-sided cutter head, i.e., having four cutting blades.

[0052] Additionally, a positioning plate is mounted on the floating spindle and located at the connection between the BT30 tool holder and the floating spindle. A quick-change device is located at the end of the BT30 tool holder near the floating spindle. The quick-change device and the positioning plate are detachably coupled, enabling rapid active tool changing through their coordinated action. In this embodiment, the control system receives signals from the limit sensor, monitors the floating spindle's operation in real time, and controls its start and stop.

[0053] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating spindle, characterized by The main shaft body, the main shaft mounting seat, the connecting piece, the first guide support assembly, the second guide support assembly and the floating mechanism are sequentially arranged, and the main shaft body is fixedly connected with the main shaft mounting seat. The main shaft body, the main shaft mounting seat, the connecting piece, the first guide support assembly, the second guide support assembly and the floating mechanism are sequentially arranged, and the main shaft body is fixedly connected with the main shaft mounting seat. The first guide support assembly is connected between the main shaft mounting seat and the connecting piece, so that the main shaft mounting seat can move along a first direction relative to the connecting piece; the second guide support assembly is connected between the connecting piece and the floating mechanism, so that the connecting piece can move along a second direction relative to the floating mechanism; the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other and are both in the radial plane of the main shaft body; the first guide support assembly and the second guide support assembly are used for supporting the main shaft body and bearing the weight of the main shaft body.

2. The floating spindle of claim 1 wherein, The first guide support assembly comprises a first X-axis linear pair and a second X-axis linear pair; the first X-axis linear pair and the second X-axis linear pair are parallel and oppositely arranged between the main shaft mounting seat and the connecting piece, and are both connected with the main shaft mounting seat and the connecting piece; the first X-axis linear pair and the second X-axis linear pair are respectively located on opposite sides of the main shaft body, and are used for jointly supporting the main shaft body and enabling the main shaft body to float along the first direction.

3. The floating spindle of claim 2 wherein, The first X-axis linear pair comprises an X-axis guide rail, an X-axis sliding rail oppositely arranged with the X-axis guide rail, and a first rolling body located between the X-axis guide rail and the X-axis sliding rail. The X-axis guide rail is fixedly connected with an end surface of the connecting piece close to the main shaft mounting seat; the X-axis sliding rail is fixedly connected with an end surface of the main shaft mounting seat close to the connecting piece; and the first rolling body is used for realizing the relative linear motion of the X-axis sliding rail and the X-axis guide rail. The X-axis guide rail is provided with a first guide groove adapted to the first rolling body on a surface close to the X-axis sliding rail; the X-axis sliding rail is provided with a first limiting groove adapted to the first rolling body on a surface close to the X-axis guide rail; the two ends of the first rolling body are respectively clamped into the first guide groove of the X-axis guide rail and the first limiting groove of the X-axis sliding rail; the first rolling body can roll along the first guide groove and the first limiting groove, and drive the X-axis sliding rail to move relative to the X-axis guide rail along the first direction, so as to realize the floating of the main shaft mounting seat and the main shaft body in the first direction.

4. The floating spindle of claim 3 wherein, The second guide support assembly comprises a first Y-axis linear pair and a second Y-axis linear pair; the first Y-axis linear pair and the second Y-axis linear pair are parallel and oppositely arranged between the connecting piece and the floating mechanism, and are both connected with the connecting piece and the floating mechanism; the first Y-axis linear pair and the second Y-axis linear pair are respectively located on opposite sides of the main shaft body, and are used for jointly supporting the connecting piece and the main shaft body and enabling the main shaft body to float along the second direction; the first Y-axis linear pair is perpendicular to the first X-axis linear pair.

5. The floating spindle of claim 4 wherein, The first Y-axis linear pair comprises a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis sliding rail oppositely arranged with the Y-axis guide rail, and a second rolling body arranged between the Y-axis guide rail and the Y-axis sliding rail. The Y-axis guide rail is fixedly connected with a surface of the floating mechanism close to the connecting piece; the Y-axis sliding rail is fixedly connected with an end surface of the connecting piece close to the floating mechanism; and the second rolling body is used for realizing the relative linear motion of the Y-axis sliding rail and the Y-axis guide rail. The second guide groove is adapted to the second rolling body, the second limiting groove is adapted to the second rolling body, and the two ends of the second rolling body are respectively clamped into the second guide groove of the Y-axis guide rail and the second limiting groove of the Y-axis sliding rail.

6. The floating spindle of claim 1 wherein, The floating mechanism comprises a ring-shaped cylinder seat, a plurality of groups of cylinder assemblies arranged on the ring-shaped cylinder seat and uniformly distributed along the circumference of the ring-shaped cylinder seat, and a cylinder mounting seat sleeved on the main shaft body and the ring-shaped cylinder seat; Each group of cylinder assemblies comprises a piston and a piston rod, the end of the piston rod away from the piston abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the main shaft body, and the plurality of groups of cylinder assemblies act in concert to achieve radial floating of the main shaft body. The gas cavity is formed between the cylinder mounting seat and the ring-shaped cylinder seat, and a sealing ring is arranged between the cylinder mounting seat and the ring-shaped cylinder seat.

7. The floating spindle of claim 1 wherein, The electromagnetic proportional valve is arranged at the air inlet end of the floating mechanism and is used to control the air pressure in the floating mechanism to adjust the floating force of the main shaft body in real time.

8. The floating spindle of claim 6 wherein, The dustproof ring is arranged at the end of the cylinder mounting seat away from the ring-shaped cylinder seat, is sleeved on the main shaft body, and is used to prevent dust from entering the internal structure of the floating mechanism, the first guide support assembly and the second guide support assembly. The protective cover is arranged on the side of the main shaft mounting seat, the first guide support assembly, the connecting piece and the second guide support assembly away from the main shaft, is fixedly connected to the cylinder mounting seat at the end close to the cylinder mounting seat, and is used to protect the structure between the protective cover and the main shaft body. The limit light sensor is arranged at the side end of the cylinder mounting seat close to the dustproof ring, is used to monitor the floating condition of the main shaft body in real time, and sends a signal to an external control system to achieve remote protection control of the floating main shaft. The X-axis scale is arranged on the side of the main shaft mounting seat away from the connecting piece and corresponds to the guide direction of the first guide support assembly, the Y-axis scale is arranged on the side of the main shaft mounting seat corresponding to the guide direction of the second guide support assembly, and the side of the protective cover away from the cylinder mounting seat is provided with scale indications corresponding to the X-axis scale and the Y-axis scale.

9. The floating spindle of claim 8 wherein, The BT30 tool shank is connected to the floating main shaft, the tool disc is mounted on the BT30 tool shank and is used to perform chamfering, the positioning plate is mounted on the floating main shaft and is located at the connection between the BT30 tool shank and the floating main shaft, and the quick-change device is arranged at the end of the BT30 tool shank close to the floating main shaft, the quick-change device is detachably arranged in cooperation with the positioning plate, the active tool changing function is realized through the cooperation of the quick-change device and the positioning plate, the control system is used to receive the signal of the limit light sensor, to monitor the working condition of the floating main shaft in real time, and to control the start and stop of the floating main shaft.

10. A chamfering apparatus comprising the floating spindle of any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, ​

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