Tunnel steel mesh laying fixing device

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel steel mesh laying fixing device, which comprises a vertical screw rod connected with a construction vehicle through a vertical driving element, a walking type transmission mechanism is installed on the vertical screw rod and drives, a plurality of telescopic rod groups are uniformly connected in the circumferential direction of the walking type transmission mechanism, an anchor rod rotating mechanism is connected with one end of each telescopic rod group away from the walking type transmission mechanism, the anchor rod rotating mechanism is drivingly connected with the walking type transmission mechanism through the telescopic rod group, and the anchor rod rotating mechanism drives the rotation of the anchor rod thereon through the driving of the telescopic rod group, a driving type opening and closing mechanism is installed on the walking type transmission mechanism, and the driving type opening and closing mechanism is connected with each anchor rod rotating mechanism. The application can effectively improve the adhesion of the steel mesh, ensure the uniformity of the subsequent shotcrete thickness, reduce material consumption and construction cost, improve the installation efficiency, guarantee the progress of the whole tunnel supporting process and shorten the overall construction period of the project. The application is suitable for the technical field of tunnel steel mesh installation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the tunnel construction process, steel mesh laying and shotcrete support are key procedures to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The core goal is to form an overall support structure through the synergistic effect of steel mesh and shotcrete to resist the deformation of surrounding rock and prevent rockfall risks. However, in actual construction scenarios, the existing steel mesh installation method has outstanding problems, which seriously restricts the construction efficiency and support quality.

[0003] After tunnel excavation, the surface of the surrounding rock is not an ideal smooth surface, but is accompanied by a large number of uneven geological features. It includes both protruding rock blocks and concave pits formed by joint and fissure development of rock layers, and also local irregular undulations caused by blasting excavation or mechanical excavation. In existing construction, the steel mesh is mostly a standard specification plane mesh pre-fabricated in the factory, and when directly hoisted and laid on site, it lacks flexible fitting adjustment mechanism: facing protruding rock blocks, the steel mesh will be lifted to form a suspended area; facing concave pits, the steel mesh cannot naturally sag to fill the gap, ultimately resulting in the formation of gaps of varying widths between the steel mesh and the surface of the surrounding rock. This fitting defect can cause two major problems: first, during subsequent shotcrete operations, concrete cannot completely fill the gap, which is prone to form cavities at the gap, weakening the integrity and load-bearing capacity of the support structure; second, the steel mesh cannot uniformly transmit the pressure of the surrounding rock, and local stress concentration can cause the steel mesh to deform or even tear, reducing the durability of the support system.

[0004] To cover the surface of the surrounding rock of a large cross-section tunnel, multiple standard steel meshes need to be spliced to achieve large-area laying in construction. The complexity of the existing operation process is reflected in multiple aspects. The overlap length and alignment accuracy between steel mesh sheets need to be adjusted repeatedly by hand, and the narrow space and insufficient light in the tunnel further increase the positioning difficulty. Traditional fixing requires the use of anchor rods, steel reinforcement supports, or welding processes, with multiple fixed points for each steel mesh and a complicated operation procedure, and the fixing strength at different positions needs to be checked one by one. Large-area laying requires multiple construction personnel to cooperate in hoisting, positioning, and fixing, which not only has high labor costs but also has safety hazards such as high-altitude falling and object impact. In the face of irregular areas such as variable-diameter sections and turning sections, standard steel mesh sheets need to be cut and bent on site, further prolonging the construction period. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device to improve the fitting degree of the steel mesh, ensure the uniformity of the subsequent shotcrete thickness, reduce material consumption and construction cost, improve the efficiency of installation, ensure the progress of the entire tunnel support procedure, and shorten the overall construction period.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device includes a vertical screw connected to a construction vehicle via a vertical drive component. A traveling transmission mechanism that can move along the axis of the vertical screw is driven and installed on the vertical screw. Multiple telescopic rod groups are evenly connected around the traveling transmission mechanism. An anchor bolt rotating mechanism is connected to the end of each telescopic rod group away from the traveling transmission mechanism. The anchor bolt rotating mechanism is driven and connected to the traveling transmission mechanism via the telescopic rod groups, and the telescopic rod groups drive the anchor bolts on it to rotate. An active opening and closing mechanism is installed on the traveling transmission mechanism and is connected to each anchor bolt rotating mechanism.

[0008] A further technical solution is that the traveling transmission mechanism includes a transmission wheel assembly that is connected to the drive motor and installed in the assembly housing. The transmission wheel assembly is connected to each telescopic rod assembly. A vertical guide rod is installed on the construction vehicle. The assembly housing is slidably connected to the vertical guide rod.

[0009] A further technical solution is that the transmission wheel assembly includes a first gear and a second gear coaxially mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor. The first gear meshes with a third gear, the second gear meshes with a clutch-type transmission wheel, and the third gear is coaxially assembled with a first worm gear. The first worm gear and the clutch-type transmission wheel are rotatably connected to the assembly housing. The third gear, the clutch-type transmission wheel, the first worm gear, and the vertical lead screw are coaxially arranged. One end of each telescopic rod assembly is rotatably connected to the assembly housing, and the telescopic rod assembly is driven by the first worm gear coaxially constructed on it.

[0010] A further technical solution is that the clutch-type transmission wheel includes a fourth gear that meshes with the second gear, and an assembly is coaxially constructed at the lower end of the fourth gear. Multiple hydraulic transmission blocks are uniformly installed on the assembly along its circumference, and each hydraulic transmission block is hydraulically driven and threadedly connected to a vertical lead screw.

[0011] Further technical solutions are that a plurality of radial cavities are uniformly arranged on the assembly body along the circumferential direction, a radial guide rod is movably arranged in each radial cavity, one end of each radial guide rod is fixedly connected with a corresponding hydraulic transmission block, the other end of the radial guide rod extends out of the assembly body, a transmission piston is coaxially arranged outside the radial guide rod, the radial cavity is divided into two hydraulic chambers by the transmission piston, the two hydraulic chambers are in one-to-one correspondence with a first channel and a second channel arranged in the assembly body, a connector seat is rotatably connected to the lower end of the assembly body, a first chamber and a second chamber are formed between the connector seat and the assembly body, the first chamber is in communication with a first connector on the connector seat through the first channel, and the second chamber is in communication with a second connector on the connector seat through the second channel.

[0012] Further technical solutions are that the anchor rod rotating mechanism comprises a second worm that is coaxially connected to one end of the telescopic rod away from the walking type transmission mechanism through a connector rod, the second worm is in transmission connection with a second worm wheel, and the second worm and the second worm wheel are both rotatably installed in a mounting shell, a connector sleeve is sleeved and rotatably connected to the connector rod, the connector sleeve is connected with the driving type opening and closing mechanism, a one-way plug-in sleeve is movably connected to the connector sleeve, an electromagnetic clutch disc is installed at one end of the one-way plug-in sleeve close to the mounting shell, and a first spring is connected between the one-way plug-in sleeve and the connector sleeve.

[0013] Further technical solutions are that the second worm wheel is installed with a bidirectional assembly member, the bidirectional assembly member comprises an assembly rod that is coaxially and detachably connected to the second worm wheel, assembly grooves extending along the axial direction are arranged at both ends of the assembly rod, a second spring is assembled in each assembly groove, a top abutting block is installed at one end of the second spring close to the assembly groove, the lower end of the anchor rod is clamped on the top abutting block, two through sleeves are rotatably connected to the assembly rod at intervals along the axial direction, each through sleeve is detachably connected with the mounting shell, two through channels are arranged in the assembly rod, each through channel is in communication with a corresponding assembly groove and through sleeve, and a through connector is arranged on each through sleeve.

[0014] Further technical solutions are that a wire mesh pressing mechanism is connected to one side of the anchor rod rotating mechanism, the wire mesh pressing mechanism comprises a connector block installed on the anchor rod rotating mechanism, connecting pins are symmetrically movably connected to the connector block, each connecting pin is elastically connected with the connector block through a third spring, and a top abutting rod extending in the insertion direction of the anchor rod is movably connected to the connector block.

[0015] Further technical solutions are that two groove groups are symmetrically arranged on the peripheral wall of the top connecting rod, each groove group includes a plurality of clamping grooves arranged at intervals along the length direction of the top connecting rod, a connecting pin is clamped in the corresponding clamping groove, a connecting groove is arranged at each end of the top connecting rod, a fourth spring is assembled in each connecting groove, a connecting rod is arranged at one end of the fourth spring close to the connecting groove, and a magnetic type pressing disc is connected to one end of the connecting rod extending out of the connecting groove.

[0016] Further technical solutions are that the active opening and closing mechanism includes a vertical assembly pipe detachably connected with the walking type transmission mechanism, the vertical screw rod passes through the vertical assembly pipe, a hydraulic movable cylinder is coaxially sleeved outside the vertical assembly pipe, a hydraulic piston is coaxially arranged outside the vertical assembly pipe, an assembly ring is sleeved outside the vertical assembly pipe, a plurality of hinged rods are uniformly hinged on the assembly ring in the circumferential direction, and each hinged rod is hinged with a corresponding telescopic rod group or anchor rod rotating mechanism.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical progress achieved by the application is that:

[0018] The telescopic rod group cooperates with the active opening and closing mechanism to form a cooperative adjustment mechanism, the anchor rod rotating mechanism is linked by the active opening and closing mechanism, and the spacing between the circumferentially distributed anchor rod rotating mechanisms can be flexibly adjusted by the telescopic action of the telescopic rod group. This design can accurately adapt to steel meshes of different specifications and sizes, and can stably clamp and position both regular rectangular meshes and special cutting meshes, without the need to separately configure special equipment for meshes of different sizes, thereby greatly improving the universality of the device and avoiding the problems of cutting waste or poor fitting caused by size mismatch in traditional construction.

[0019] The anchor rod rotating mechanism is driven to rotate by the telescopic rod group, and is synchronously matched with the walking type transmission mechanism to move along the vertical screw rod in the axial direction, so that the anchor rod is rotated and implanted into the surrounding rock of the tunnel at the same time, thereby realizing the integrated operation of rotary drilling and axial feeding. Compared with the traditional cumbersome process of manually drilling, inserting and fixing point by point, the design greatly improves the anchoring efficiency and ensures that the implantation depth and fixing strength of each anchoring point are consistent. The cooperative adjustment of the active opening and closing mechanism and the telescopic rod group not only adapts to meshes of different sizes, but also meets the laying requirements of special-shaped sections such as variable-diameter sections and turning sections of the tunnel, and ensures that the mesh can still uniformly cover and fit under complex sections by adjusting the angles and spacings of the anchor rod rotating mechanisms. The walking type transmission mechanism moves vertically, and the hydraulic transmission block of the clutch type transmission wheel is connected with the vertical screw rod in a threaded manner, so as to ensure stable and accurate axial movement; the transmission design of each component ensures the power transmission efficiency, and the anchoring operation can be stably completed even in the scene where the hardness of the surrounding rock is uneven, thereby improving the adaptability of the device under complex geological conditions.

[0020] The close fit of the steel mesh with the surrounding rock avoids the waste of concrete caused by too large gap during shotcreting, and the design of adapting to different sizes of mesh reduces the cutting loss of mesh and the material cost. The device integrates multiple processes such as mesh positioning, anchor rod implantation and mesh body fixation, and does not need multiple construction personnel to cooperate in hoisting, positioning and operation, thereby reducing the labor cost; meanwhile, the frequency of high-altitude operation and close contact with surrounding rock in the tunnel is avoided, and the safety hazards such as high-altitude falling, object impact and surrounding rock collapse are reduced. The uniform anchoring and fixing and mesh body fit effect reduce the weak link of the supporting structure, reduce the maintenance and reinforcement cost caused by mesh body loosening and shotcrete peeling in the later period, and prolong the service life of the tunnel supporting system.

[0021] In conclusion, the present application can effectively improve the fit degree of the steel mesh, ensure the uniformity of the subsequent shotcrete thickness, reduce material consumption and construction cost, improve installation efficiency, ensure the progress of the whole tunnel supporting process, and shorten the overall construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate the present application together with the embodiments thereof, and explain the present application, but do not constitute a limitation of the present application.

[0023] In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic view of another angle of an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic view of the connection of a walking type transmission mechanism, a transmission screw, a vertical driving member and a vertical guide rod of an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic view of the connection of a first worm gear, a plurality of first worm gears and a plurality of extension rods in a walking type transmission mechanism of an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic view of a walking type transmission mechanism of an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic view of a clutch type transmission wheel in a walking type transmission mechanism of an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic view of a clutch type transmission wheel after being disassembled in a walking type transmission mechanism of an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8Axial structure sectional view of the clutch type transmission wheel in the walking type transmission mechanism of the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 9 Structure schematic diagram of the anchor rod rotating mechanism after being split of the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 10 Structure schematic diagram of the active type opening and closing mechanism of the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 11 Axial structure sectional view of the active type opening and closing mechanism of the embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 12 Local structure sectional view of the active type opening and closing mechanism of the embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 13 Structure sectional view of the local anchor rod rotating mechanism and the local active type opening and closing mechanism connection of the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 14 Structure schematic diagram of the bidirectional assembly component and the anchor rod connection of the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 15 Local structure sectional view of the bidirectional assembly component and the anchor rod connection of the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 16 Structure schematic diagram of the wire mesh top pressing mechanism of the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 17 Axial structure sectional view of the wire mesh top pressing mechanism of the embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Labeling components: 100 - vertical driving part, 101 - fixed groove, 200 - vertical screw, 201 - connecting head, 300 - walking transmission mechanism, 301 - assembly shell, 302 - driving motor, 303 - first gear, 304 - third gear, 305 - first worm wheel, 306 - assembly sleeve, 307 - first worm, 308 - plug-in pipe, 309 - plug-in rod, 310 - second gear, 311 - fourth gear, 312 - assembly body, 313 - hydraulic cavity, 314 - radial guide rod, 315 - transmission piston, 316 - adapter seat, 317 - first channel, 318 - second channel, 319 - first chamber, 320 - first joint, 321 - second chamber, 322 - second joint, 323 - hydraulic transmission block, 324 - fixed lug, 400 - vertical guide rod, 500 - anchor rod rotating mechanism, 501 - adapter rod, 502 - second worm, 503 - second worm wheel, 504 - fixed sleeve, 505 - first shell, 506 - second shell, 507 - third shell, 600 - active opening and closing mechanism, 601 - vertical assembly pipe, 602 - hydraulic piston, 603 - hydraulic movable cylinder, 604 - driving cavity, 605 - assembly ring, 606 - hinged rod, 607 - adapter sleeve, 608 - one-way plug-in sleeve, 609 - first spring, 610 - electromagnetic clutch disc, 700 - bidirectional assembly component, 701 - assembly rod, 702 - conduction channel, 703 - second spring, 704 - abutting block, 705 - conduction sleeve, 706 - conduction joint, 707 - adapter lug, 800 - anchoring rod, 801 - rod head, 900 - wire mesh pressing mechanism, 901 - adapter block, 902 - movable hole, 903 - connecting pin, 904 - third spring, 905 - abutting rod, 906 - clamping groove, 907 - connecting rod, 908 - magnetic top pressing disc, 909 - fourth spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The preferred embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0043] The present application discloses a tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device, which comprises Figures 1-17As shown, it comprises a vertical driving member 100, a vertical screw rod 200, a walking transmission mechanism 300 and a positive opening and closing mechanism 600. The lower end of the vertical screw rod 200 is provided with a connecting head 201, the upper end of the vertical driving member 100 (hydraulic oil cylinder) is provided with a fixed groove 101, the connecting head 201 is fixed in the fixed groove 101, and the lower end of the vertical driving member 100 is connected with the construction vehicle. The walking transmission mechanism 300 is transmissionally installed on the vertical screw rod 200, and the walking transmission mechanism 300 can move along the axis of the vertical screw rod 200. A plurality of telescopic rod groups are uniformly connected in the circumferential direction of the walking transmission mechanism 300, and an anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 is connected to the end of each telescopic rod group away from the walking transmission mechanism 300. The anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 is transmissionally connected with the walking transmission mechanism 300 through the telescopic rod group, and under the transmission of the telescopic rod group, the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 drives the anchor rod 800 thereon to rotate. The positive opening and closing mechanism 600 is installed on the walking transmission mechanism 300, and the positive opening and closing mechanism 600 is connected with each anchor rod rotating mechanism 500.

[0044] The telescopic rod group cooperates with the positive opening and closing mechanism 600 to form a cooperative adjustment mechanism. Through the linkage of the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 by the positive opening and closing mechanism 600, the spacing between the circumferentially distributed anchor rod rotating mechanisms 500 can be flexibly adjusted in cooperation with the telescopic action of the telescopic rod group. This design can accurately adapt to steel meshes of different specifications and sizes, whether it is a conventional rectangular mesh or a special-shaped cutting mesh, stable clamping and positioning can be realized, special equipment does not need to be separately configured for meshes of different sizes, the universality of the device is greatly improved, and the problems of cutting waste or poor fitting caused by size mismatch in traditional construction are avoided.

[0045] The anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 drives the anchor rod 800 to rotate under the transmission action of the telescopic rod group, and synchronously cooperates with the walking transmission mechanism 300 to move along the axis of the vertical screw rod 200, so that the anchor rod 800 is rotated and implanted into the tunnel surrounding rock, realizing the integrated operation of rotary drilling and axial feeding. Compared with the traditional cumbersome process of manual point-by-point drilling, rod inserting and fixing, the anchor efficiency is greatly improved, and the implantation depth and fixing strength of each anchor point can be ensured to be consistent. The cooperative adjustment of the positive opening and closing mechanism 600 and the telescopic rod group can not only adapt to meshes of different sizes, but also cope with the laying requirements of special-shaped sections such as variable-diameter sections and turning sections of the tunnel. By adjusting the angle and spacing of each anchor rod rotating mechanism 500, it is ensured that the mesh can still be uniformly covered and fitted under the complex section. The vertical movement of the walking transmission mechanism 300 cooperates with the hydraulic transmission block 323 of the clutch type transmission wheel and the threaded connection of the vertical screw rod 200, so as to ensure the stable and accurate axial movement; the transmission design of each component ensures the power transmission efficiency, so that the anchor operation can be stably completed even in the scene where the hardness of the surrounding rock is uneven, and the adaptability of the device in complex geological conditions is improved.

[0046] The close fit of the steel mesh of the present application with the surrounding rock avoids the waste of concrete caused by excessive gap during shotcreting, and the design of adapting to different sizes of mesh reduces the cutting loss of mesh and the material cost. The device integrates multiple processes such as mesh positioning, anchor rod 800 implantation, and mesh body fixation, and does not require multiple construction personnel to cooperate in hoisting, positioning, and operation, thereby reducing labor costs. At the same time, it avoids high-altitude work in the tunnel, the frequency of close contact with surrounding rock, and reduces the safety hazards of high-altitude falling, object impact, and surrounding rock collapse. The uniform anchoring and fixation and mesh body fit effect reduce the weak link of the supporting structure, reduce the maintenance and reinforcement cost caused by mesh loosening and shotcrete peeling in the later stage, and prolong the service life of the tunnel supporting system.

[0047] In summary, the present application can effectively improve the fit degree of the steel mesh, ensure the uniformity of the subsequent shotcrete thickness, reduce material consumption and construction cost, improve installation efficiency, ensure the progress of the entire tunnel supporting process, and shorten the overall construction period.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, Figures 3-5As shown, the walking transmission mechanism 300 includes a driving motor 302, an assembly shell 301 and a transmission wheel set. The transmission wheel set is installed in the assembly shell 301, the driving motor 302 is installed at the lower end of the assembly shell 301, the driving motor 302 is in transmission connection with the transmission wheel set, and the transmission wheel set is in transmission connection with each telescopic rod set. A vertical guide rod 400 is installed on the construction vehicle, and the assembly shell 301 is in sliding connection with the vertical guide rod 400. Specifically, the transmission wheel set includes a first worm wheel 305, a first gear 303, a second gear 310, a third gear 304, a clutch type transmission wheel and a plurality of first worm gears 307, the first gear 303 and the second gear 310 are coaxially installed on the output shaft of the driving motor 302, the first gear 303 is in meshing connection with the third gear 304, and the second gear 310 is in meshing connection with the clutch type transmission wheel. A mounting sleeve 306 is coaxially fixed at the lower end of the first worm wheel 305, and the third gear 304 is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the outside of the mounting sleeve 306. The first worm wheel 305 and the clutch type transmission wheel are both in rotational connection with the assembly shell 301, the third gear 304, the clutch type transmission wheel, the first worm wheel 305 and the vertical screw rod 200 are coaxially arranged. The telescopic rod set includes a plug-in pipe 308 and a plug-in rod 309 which are in plug-in connection with each other, one end of the plug-in pipe 308 is in rotational connection in the assembly shell 301, the first worm gear 307 is constructed at the end of the plug-in pipe 308, and the first worm gear 307 is in transmission connection with the first worm wheel 305. The cross section of the plug-in rod 309 is a regular polygon, so as to ensure that the plug-in rod 309 moves along the length direction of the plug-in pipe 308, and relative rotation between the plug-in pipe 308 and the plug-in rod 309 is avoided, that is, in the process of driving the plug-in pipe 308 to rotate, the plug-in rod 309 is driven to rotate synchronously. The clutch type transmission wheel is in threaded connection with or separated from the vertical screw rod 200, so as to quickly fall back to the original position of the driving motor 302, the main opening and closing mechanism 600 and each anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 after the installation of the anchor rod 800 is completed.

[0049] The driving motor 302 of the embodiment synchronously realizes two-way power transmission through the coaxially installed first gear 303 and second gear 310 on the output shaft. One way is to drive the first worm wheel 305 to rotate through the meshing connection between the first gear 303 and the third gear 304, and then to drive all the telescopic rod sets to rotate synchronously through the transmission between the first worm wheel 305 and the first worm gears 307 of each telescopic rod set; the other way is to provide power for the axial movement of the walking transmission mechanism 300 along the vertical screw rod 200 through the meshing connection between the second gear 310 and the clutch type transmission wheel. This integrated design does not need to additionally configure multiple driving devices, simplifies the structure of the power system, ensures uniform power distribution and high transmission efficiency, and realizes the cooperative control of the rotation of the telescopic rod set and the axial movement of the walking transmission mechanism 300.

[0050] The assembly shell 301 is slidably connected with the vertical guide rod 400 on the construction vehicle, and provides accurate guidance for the movement of the walking transmission mechanism 300 along the vertical screw rod 200, avoids deviation and shaking of the walking transmission mechanism 300 during axial movement, and ensures that the end components such as the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 and the wire mesh pressing mechanism 900 always maintain a stable working posture. At the same time, the third gear 304, the clutch transmission wheel and the first worm gear 305 in the transmission wheel set are coaxially arranged with the vertical screw rod 200, which further ensures the coaxiality of the axial movement, reduces the transmission interference and improves the stability of the mechanism operation.

[0051] The clutch transmission wheel can be switched between the threaded connection and the disconnection with the vertical screw rod 200 through hydraulic driving: during operation, the clutch transmission wheel is threadedly connected with the vertical screw rod 200, the driving motor 302 drives the entire walking transmission mechanism 300 to slowly feed along the vertical screw rod 200 through the second gear 310 and the clutch transmission wheel, and cooperates with the anchor rod 800 to rotate to realize implantation operation; after anchoring is completed, the clutch transmission wheel is disconnected from the threaded connection with the vertical screw rod 200, and the walking transmission mechanism 300 can drive the driving opening and closing mechanism 600 and the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 to quickly fall back to the original position, without the need to reversely drive the vertical screw rod 200, which greatly shortens the process conversion time and improves the construction efficiency. At the same time, this clutch design avoids the wear of the power transmission components during the return process, prolonging the service life of the equipment.

[0052] The transmission wheel set in this embodiment is integrated and installed in the assembly shell 301, forming a modular structure, which is compact in overall volume and reasonable in layout. The tunnel construction space is narrow and the light is insufficient, and such integrated design not only reduces the equipment occupied space, facilitates flexible movement operation in the tunnel, but also reduces the risk of component collision and damage, and improves the adaptability of the equipment in complex environment. The telescopic rod groups are evenly distributed along the circumference of the assembly shell 301, and are centrally transmitted by the first worm gear 307 and the central first worm gear 305, so that the walking transmission mechanism 300 is evenly stressed and stable during operation. At the same time, the components of the transmission wheel set are coaxially arranged, reducing the horizontal space occupation, and complementing the circumferential distribution of the telescopic rod groups, further optimizing the space utilization of the overall structure, and ensuring that the equipment can adapt to the tunnel operation requirements of different section sizes.

[0053] As can be seen from the above, the efficient power transmission, stable axial movement and quick return function of the walking transmission mechanism 300 of this embodiment ensure the seamless connection of the processes such as steel mesh positioning, anchor rod 800 implantation and mechanism resetting. Without complex equipment adjustment or power switching between processes, the single-cycle operation efficiency is greatly improved, the continuous advancement of the tunnel supporting process is ensured, and ultimately the overall project period is shortened.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, Figures 6-8The clutch type transmission wheel includes a fourth gear 311, an assembly body 312 and a plurality of hydraulic transmission blocks 323. The fourth gear 311 is engaged with the second gear 310, and the assembly body 312 is coaxially arranged at the lower end of the fourth gear 311. The plurality of hydraulic transmission blocks 323 are evenly arranged on the assembly body 312 along the circumference of the assembly body 312, and each hydraulic transmission block 323 is threadedly connected with the vertical screw rod 200 through hydraulic drive. Specifically, a plurality of radial cavities are evenly arranged on the assembly body 312 along the circumference of the assembly body 312, and a radial guide rod 314 is movably arranged in each radial cavity. One end of each radial guide rod 314 is fixedly connected with the corresponding hydraulic transmission block 323, and the other end of the radial guide rod 314 extends out of the assembly body 312. A transmission piston 315 is coaxially arranged outside the radial guide rod 314, and the radial cavities are divided into two hydraulic chambers 313 through the transmission piston 315. The two hydraulic chambers 313 are in one-to-one correspondence with the first channel 317 and the second channel 318 arranged in the assembly body 312 and are in communication. A connector seat 316 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the assembly body 312, and a fixed lug 324 is arranged on the connector seat 316. The fixed lug 324 is fixedly connected to the assembly shell 301. The first chamber 319 and the second chamber 321 are formed between the connector seat 316 and the assembly body 312, and the first chamber 319 is in communication with the first joint 320 on the connector seat 316 through the first channel 317, and the second chamber 321 is in communication with the second joint 322 on the connector seat 316 through the second channel 318.

[0055] The first joint 320 and the second joint 322 on the adapter 316 are respectively connected to hydraulic oil, so that the pressure change of the two hydraulic chambers 313 in the radial cavity of the assembly 312 can be accurately controlled. When hydraulic oil is supplied to the first chamber 319, the transmission piston 315 is pushed to move the radial guide rod 314 and the hydraulic transmission block 323 outward, so that the hydraulic transmission block 323 moves away from the vertical screw 200, and the hydraulic transmission block 323 and the vertical screw 200 are disconnected. When hydraulic oil is supplied to the second chamber 321, the transmission piston 315 moves in the opposite direction, and the hydraulic transmission block 323 moves towards the vertical screw 200, so that the hydraulic transmission block 323 and the vertical screw 200 are threadedly connected. The bidirectional hydraulic drive design has rapid response and stable switching, and there is no mechanical jamming, so that the two states of threaded connection (operation feeding) and disconnection (rapid return) can be accurately switched, and different requirements of anchoring operation and mechanism reset are met. When the plurality of hydraulic transmission blocks 323 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the assembly 312 and connected to the vertical screw 200, the hydraulic transmission blocks 323 are synchronously attached to the threaded surface of the vertical screw 200, so that uniform circumferential clamping force and transmission force are formed. Compared with single-point or non-uniform transmission design, the structure can avoid uneven wear and mechanism deviation of the vertical screw 200 during transmission, so that the coaxiality and stability of the walking transmission mechanism 300 during axial movement along the vertical screw 200 are ensured, and the implantation depth and position accuracy of the anchoring rod 800 are ensured.

[0056] When the anchoring rod 800 is installed, the hydraulic transmission block 323 is disconnected from the threaded connection with the vertical screw 200, so that the walking transmission mechanism 300 is no longer restricted by the threads of the vertical screw 200, and can quickly fall back under the action of gravity or slight auxiliary driving force, without the need for reverse driving of the driving motor 302 to realize the reset. The design greatly shortens the process conversion time, avoids the low efficiency problem of the traditional threaded transmission reset mode, significantly improves the construction efficiency, and is especially suitable for large-area and multi-cycle tunnel steel mesh laying operation. In the disconnected state, the hydraulic transmission block 323 does not contact and rub with the vertical screw 200, and only needs to overcome the sliding friction between the assembly shell 301 and the vertical guide rod 400 during the reset process. Compared with the meshing wear during threaded transmission reset, the wear of the core components is greatly reduced, the service life of the vertical screw 200 and the hydraulic transmission block 323 is prolonged, and the equipment maintenance cost is reduced.

[0057] The fourth gear 311, the assembly body 312, the radial guide rod 314, the hydraulic transmission block 323, the adapter seat 316 and other components are integrated, each function structure is built-in or integrated in the assembly body 312 and the adapter seat 316, the overall structure is compact, the layout is reasonable, and no additional occupation of too much horizontal or vertical space is needed. This design adapts to the narrow working space of the tunnel, and is coaxially arranged with other components (the first worm gear 305, the third gear 304 and the like) of the walking type transmission mechanism 300, further optimizing the space layout of the whole device and improving the adaptability of the equipment in different section tunnels. The hydraulic transmission block 323 is threadedly connected with the vertical screw rod 200, which not only realizes power transmission (drives the axial movement of the walking type transmission mechanism 300), but also forms double guide constraints with the vertical guide rod 400, avoiding the twisting or deviation of the walking type transmission mechanism 300 in the axial movement. The cooperative design of transmission and guidance simplifies the guide structure of the whole mechanism, improves the movement precision and ensures the stable operation posture of the end components such as the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 and the wire mesh pressing mechanism 900.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 9 、 Figure 13 , the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 comprises an adapter rod 501, a second worm 502 and a second worm gear 503. The adapter rod 501, the plug-in rod 309 and the second worm 502 are coaxially connected, the second worm 502 is in transmission connection with the second worm gear 503, and the second worm 502 and the second worm gear 503 are both installed in a mounting shell. The mounting shell comprises a first shell 505, a second shell 506 and a third shell 507 which are assembled with each other, so as to protect the second worm 502 and the second worm gear 503 and facilitate the subsequent maintenance of the second worm 502 and the second worm gear 503. In the embodiment, an adapter sleeve 607 is sleeved and rotationally connected on the adapter rod 501, the adapter sleeve 607 is hinged with the hinge rod 606 of the active opening and closing mechanism 600, a one-way plug-in sleeve 608 is movably connected on the adapter sleeve 607, an electromagnetic clutch disc 610 is installed on the end of the one-way plug-in sleeve 608 close to the mounting shell, and a first spring 609 is connected between the one-way plug-in sleeve 608 and the adapter sleeve 607. When the electromagnetic clutch disc 610 is engaged on the mounting shell, the angle between the axis of the second worm gear 503 and the horizontal plane is locked; when the electromagnetic clutch disc 610 is separated from the mounting shell, the mounting shell can be freely rotated along the axis of the second worm 502, so that the mounting shell drives the synchronous rotation of the second worm gear 503, and then the angle of the bidirectional assembly member 700 connected with the second worm gear 503 is adjusted, so that the angle of the anchor rod 800 connected with the bidirectional assembly member 700 is adjusted.

[0059] The adapter rod 501, the plug-in rod 309 and the second worm 502 are coaxially connected to form an integrated power transmission path. The rotating power of the telescopic rod group is directly transmitted to the adapter rod 501 through the plug-in rod 309, and then transmitted through the meshing transmission of the second worm 502 and the second worm wheel 503 to accurately drive the bidirectional assembly component 700 and the anchoring rod 800 to rotate. This coaxial design avoids deviation and interference in the power transmission process, ensures uniform torque transmission, makes the anchoring rod 800 rotate and implant stably, guarantees the consistency of anchoring depth and fixing strength, and avoids the problem of insecure anchoring caused by power loss. The transmission combination of the second worm 502 and the second worm wheel 503 has the characteristics of stable transmission ratio and strong self-locking. During the rotation and implantation of the anchoring rod 800, the transmission mode of the worm wheel and the worm can effectively resist the reverse force of the surrounding rock on the anchoring rod 800, prevent the anchoring rod 800 from reversing or deviating due to the resistance of the surrounding rock, and ensure the stability of the anchoring operation. At the same time, this transmission mode runs smoothly and has low noise, which is suitable for the operation environment requirements of narrow space in tunnels.

[0060] In this embodiment, the angle of the anchoring rod 800 can be flexibly adjusted by switching the engagement / disengagement state of the electromagnetic clutch disc 610. When the electromagnetic clutch disc 610 engages the installation shell, the second worm wheel 503 is locked in the axial angle, ensuring that the anchoring rod 800 is implanted at a fixed angle, which is suitable for regular and flat surrounding rock area operation. When the electromagnetic clutch disc 610 is disengaged from the installation shell, the installation shell can freely rotate along the second worm 502 axis, driving the second worm wheel 503 and the bidirectional assembly component 700 to rotate synchronously, realizing the on-demand adjustment of the angle of the anchoring rod 800. This design can adjust the angle without disassembling the components, which is convenient to operate and can quickly adapt to the anchoring needs in tunnels with irregular cross-sections, such as diameter-changing sections and turning sections, or complex geological conditions such as inclined surrounding rock and joint development. The movable connection of the one-way plug-in sleeve 608 and the adapter sleeve 607, combined with the elastic support of the first spring 609, not only ensures the flexible movement of the electromagnetic clutch disc 610 during switching, but also buffers vibration during angle adjustment to avoid component jamming. At the same time, the design of the one-way plug-in sleeve 608 can avoid relative rotation with the connected adapter sleeve 607, and when the adapter rod 501 rotates, neither the one-way plug-in sleeve 608 nor the adapter sleeve 607 rotates.

[0061] The mounting shell of the embodiment is assembled by the first shell 505, the second shell 506 and the third shell 507, completely wraps the core transmission components such as the second worm 502 and the second worm gear 503, can effectively block the erosion of dust, rock debris, moisture and the like in the tunnel, avoid component wear, corrosion or jamming, and protect the long-term stable operation of the transmission mechanism. At the same time, the closed protective structure also reduces the risk of component collision damage during construction, improves the adaptability of the equipment in harsh environments. And the split design makes the mounting shell can be quickly disassembled, without disassembling the entire anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 or related components, the second worm 502, the second worm gear 503 can be inspected, lubricated, replaced and other maintenance operations. Compared with the integrated closed structure, this design greatly simplifies the maintenance process, shortens the equipment downtime maintenance time, reduces the maintenance cost and labor input, and prolongs the overall service life of the equipment.

[0062] The hinge design of the adapter sleeve 607 and the hinge rod 606 of the active opening and closing mechanism 600 enables the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 to adjust the circumferential spacing and opening angle (adapt to different sizes of steel mesh) with the active opening and closing mechanism 600, and further optimize the positioning accuracy of the anchoring rod 800 through its own angle adjustment function. The synergistic effect of the two can ensure that the steel mesh can be uniformly fixed in tunnels of different sizes and different cross sections, while the anchoring rod 800 is implanted into the surrounding rock at the optimal angle, maximizing the anchoring force and improving the stability of the steel mesh and the surrounding rock, laying a good foundation for subsequent shotcrete operations.

[0063] The state switching of the electromagnetic clutch disc 610 of the embodiment is realized by electric control, and the construction personnel can complete the switching of the anchoring angle without close manual adjustment or disassembly of the components, reducing the operation difficulty and labor intensity, especially suitable for tunnel high-altitude operation or narrow space operation scenes. The protective design and stable transmission structure of the core components reduce the risk of equipment failure during operation, avoid safety hazards such as high-altitude falling objects and anchoring falling caused by component failure, and improve the safety of the construction process.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, Figure 9 , Figure 14 , Figure 15As shown, the fixed sleeve 504 is fixedly connected at the center of the second worm gear 503, and the bidirectional assembly component 700 is detachably connected with the fixed sleeve 504. The bidirectional assembly component 700 comprises an assembly rod 701 coaxially and detachably connected with the second worm gear 503, and assembly grooves extending along the axial direction of the assembly rod 701 are formed at both ends of the assembly rod 701. The second spring 703 is assembled in each assembly groove, and the top abutting block 704 is installed at one end of the second spring 703 close to the assembly groove. The lower end of the anchoring rod 800 is clamped on the top abutting block 704. Two lead-through sleeves 705 are rotationally connected with the assembly rod 701 at intervals along the axial direction of the assembly rod 701, and each lead-through sleeve 705 is detachably connected with the installation shell through the adapter lug 707. Two lead-through passages 702 are formed in the assembly rod 701, and each lead-through passage 702 is communicated with the corresponding assembly groove and the lead-through sleeve 705. The lead-through joint 706 is formed on each lead-through sleeve 705.

[0065] The lead-through joint 706 of the embodiment is externally connected with the pressure medium supply device. The pressure medium is injected into the assembly groove through the lead-through passage 702 in the assembly rod 701, so as to directly drive the top abutting block 704 to move along the axial direction of the assembly groove, and then adjust the extension height of the anchoring rod 800. Compared with the traditional mechanical adjustment or elastic self-adaptive adjustment, the hydraulic drive has higher adjustment precision and stronger controllability of stroke. The extension length of the top abutting block 704 can be accurately set according to the specific size of the protrusion or depression of the tunnel surrounding rock, so as to ensure that the anchoring rod 800 can effectively abut against the surrounding rock in different concave-convex regions, drive the steel mesh to closely adhere to the surface of the surrounding rock, and completely eliminate the space gap of the mesh body. After the anchoring is completed, the assembly groove is depressurized, and the top abutting block 704 is reset under the action of the second spring 703. In order to realize the clamping of the top abutting block 704 and the anchoring rod 800, the fixed groove 101 is formed in the top abutting block 704, and the fixed head is formed on the rod head 801 at the lower end of the anchoring rod 800. The fixed head is clamped in the fixed groove 101, and the cross section of the fixed head is a regular polygon, and the cross section of the fixed groove 101 is also a regular polygon.

[0066] In the construction process, the injection amount of the pressure medium can be adjusted in real time to control the extension length of the top block 704, and the irregular characteristics of the tunnel surrounding rock can be quickly adapted. No matter whether it is a locally protruding rock mass, a concave pit with different depths, or a complex curved surface formed by joint fissure development, precise positioning of the anchoring rod 800 can be achieved through height adjustment of the top block 704, without the need to disassemble components or replace the anchoring rod 800, greatly simplifying the cumbersome process of manual leveling and padding in traditional construction, and improving work efficiency. The hydraulic drive adjustment stroke of the top block 704 can be flexibly set, which can not only meet the short-stroke anchoring of the protrusions and depressions on the surface layer, but also adapt to long-stroke anchoring in deep recessed areas, and is compatible with the installation requirements of anchoring rods 800 of different diameters and lengths. This design makes the device not need to be customized with special accessories for specific working conditions, and is suitable for tunnel construction under different cross-section types and different geological conditions, and has strong universality.

[0067] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 9 、 Figure 16 、 Figure 17 The wire mesh pressing mechanism 900 is connected to one side of the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500. The wire mesh pressing mechanism 900 includes an adapter block 901 mounted on the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500, an active hole 902 is formed in the center of the adapter block 901, and a connecting pin 903 is symmetrically and movably connected to the adapter block 901. Each connecting pin 903 is elastically connected to the adapter block 901 through a third spring 904, a top rod 905 passes through the adapter block 901 through the active hole 902, and the top rod 905 extends in the insertion direction of the anchoring rod 800. Two groove groups are symmetrically arranged on the peripheral wall of the top rod 905, each groove group includes a plurality of clamping grooves 906 arranged at intervals along the length direction of the top rod 905, and the connecting pin 903 is clamped in the corresponding clamping groove 906. A connecting groove is formed at each end of the top rod 905, a fourth spring 909 is assembled in each connecting groove, a connecting rod 907 is mounted at one end of the fourth spring 909 close to the connecting groove, and a magnetic pressing disc 908 is connected to the end of the connecting rod 907 extending out of the connecting groove. The magnetic pressing disc 908 adopts the principle of electromagnetic adsorption, and its magnetism is not permanent and constant, but is controlled by a circuit to realize controllable switching of "adsorption-disconnection". The magnetic pressing disc 908 magnetically attracts the steel mesh and elastically presses the steel mesh on the surface of the tunnel. After the anchoring rod 800 is anchored, the walking driving mechanism 300 is controlled to return, and after returning, the installation shell is turned over by 180°, the wire mesh pressing mechanism 900 is turned over by 180° driven by the installation shell, so that the other end of the top rod 905 faces upward and magnetically attracts the next steel mesh, and realizes the elastic pressing of the next time.

[0068] In the anchoring operation, the walking transmission mechanism 300 drives the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 to ascend along the vertical lead screw 200, so that the anchor rod 800 is gradually implanted into the surrounding rock. At this time, the top rod 905 is adsorbed to the steel mesh by the magnetic adsorption type pressing disc 908 and keeps the position fixed (abuts to the surface of the surrounding rock), the connecting pin 903 is automatically clamped into the clamping groove 906 at different heights of the top rod 905 with the ascending of the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500, and the dynamic adaptation of the top rod 905 and the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 is realized. The design of relative motion can ensure that the magnetic adsorption type pressing disc 908 always applies stable elastic pressing force to the steel mesh during the whole anchoring process, avoids displacement of the mesh body or generation of new gaps due to implantation of the anchor rod 800, and keeps the steel mesh and the surrounding rock in close contact. The fourth spring 909 on the top rod 905 and the connecting rod 907 form an elastic buffer structure, so that even if the surrounding rock appears slight deformation or vibration during the anchoring process, the fourth spring 909 can also absorb the impact force through elastic expansion and contraction, so as to ensure that the pressing force of the magnetic adsorption type pressing disc 908 on the steel mesh is always stable and soft. Both the damage of the mesh body caused by rigid pressing and the slight displacement of the surrounding rock can be self-adapted, so as to ensure that the close contact effect is not loose. The steel mesh is always elastically pressed against the surface of the surrounding rock during the whole anchoring process, which completely eliminates the close contact gap caused by displacement of the mesh body in the traditional construction process, avoids the formation of cavities during subsequent shotcreting, and continuously presses the steel mesh against the surrounding rock to make the shotcreting layer uniform in thickness, strengthen the integrity and bearing capacity of the supporting structure, and reduce the safety hidden danger caused by loosening of the mesh body in long-term use.

[0069] The plurality of clamping grooves 906 of the top connecting rod 905 are distributed along the length direction, and the connecting pin 903 is automatically clamped into the corresponding clamping groove 906 under the elastic force of the third spring 904, and the stepped locking is realized with the rising of the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500. This design can accurately control the extension length of the top connecting rod 905, ensure that the pressing position and force of the steel mesh in each anchoring stage are consistent, avoid local loosening or excessive stretching of the mesh body, and ensure the flatness of the overall adhesion of the steel mesh. At the same time, the connecting pin 903 is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the adapter block 901, and forms uniform clamping force on the top connecting rod 905 during clamping, avoiding the inclination of the top connecting rod 905, ensuring the uniform stress of the steel mesh pressing, and further improving the adhesion accuracy. During the entire anchoring process, the length adjustment of the top connecting rod 905 is realized by the rising of the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 and the automatic clamping of the connecting pin 903 into the clamping groove 906, without manual adjustment or intervention. The construction personnel only need to control the rising of the anchoring mechanism and the rotation of the anchoring rod 800, and the implantation of the anchoring rod 800 and the pressing adhesion of the steel mesh can be completed synchronously, which greatly simplifies the complicated process of traditional construction, that is, first anchoring, then adjusting the mesh body, and then pressing again, and significantly improves the operation efficiency. When the single-area anchoring is completed, the walking type transmission mechanism 300 drives the anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 to return to the original position, and the top connecting rod 905 can be quickly turned over by 180° for reuse. Without disassembly or replacement of parts, it can be put into the pressing operation of the next piece of steel mesh, especially suitable for continuous laying of large-area tunnel steel mesh, which shortens the process conversion time.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 The active opening and closing mechanism 600 includes a vertical assembly pipe 601, a hydraulic movable cylinder 603 and an assembly ring 605, which are coaxially arranged from inside to outside, and a pressure cavity is formed between the vertical assembly pipe 601 and the hydraulic movable cylinder 603; the hydraulic movable cylinder 603 is in sliding connection with the vertical assembly pipe 601, and the assembly ring 605 is in fixed connection with the hydraulic movable cylinder 603. The lower end of the vertical assembly pipe 601 is detachably connected with the assembly shell 301 of the walking type transmission mechanism 300, and the vertical lead screw 200 passes through the vertical assembly pipe 601. The hydraulic piston 602 is coaxially arranged outside the vertical assembly pipe 601, the hydraulic piston 602 divides the pressure cavity into two driving cavities 604, the cross section of the hydraulic piston 602 is a regular polygon, and the cross section of the pressure cavity is a regular polygon matched with the hydraulic piston 602. A plurality of hinged rods 606 are uniformly hinged on the assembly ring 605 in the circumferential direction, and each hinged rod 606 is hinged with a corresponding telescopic rod group or anchor rod rotating mechanism 500.

[0071] The pressure cavity between the vertical assembly pipe 601 and the hydraulic movable cylinder 603 in this embodiment is divided into two drive cavities 604 by the hydraulic piston 602. By injecting hydraulic oil into different drive cavities 604, the hydraulic movable cylinder 603 can be driven to slide axially along the vertical assembly pipe 601, thereby driving the assembly ring 605 to rise and fall synchronously. The assembly ring 605 is connected to each telescopic rod group or anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 through the circumferentially uniformly distributed hinged rods 606 to realize opening and closing actions. When the hydraulic movable cylinder 603 descends, the hinged rods 606 push the anchor rod rotating mechanisms 500 to open outward; when the hydraulic movable cylinder 603 rises, the hinged rods 606 pull the anchor rod rotating mechanisms 500 to close inward. This hydraulic drive design can realize synchronous opening and closing of all anchor rod rotating mechanisms 500, ensure uniform circumferential stress of the steel mesh, and precisely control the opening and closing angle by adjusting the hydraulic pressure, which is suitable for steel mesh sheets of different sizes and specifications without the need to replace special clamps, greatly improving the versatility of the device. By controlling the sliding stroke of the hydraulic movable cylinder 603, the circumferential spacing between each anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 can be flexibly adjusted, which can not only adapt to conventional cross-section tunnels such as circular and arched tunnels, but also cope with special-shaped cross-sections such as variable-diameter sections and turning sections. Each hinged rod 606 is uniformly distributed along the circumference of the assembly ring 605, and each hinged rod 606 is connected to a telescopic rod group or anchor rod rotating mechanism 500, forming a symmetrical force structure. During the opening and closing adjustment process, each anchor rod rotating mechanism 500 receives consistent driving force and synchronous direction, avoiding tilting or jamming caused by uneven stress, ensuring that the steel mesh always remains flat, improving the accuracy of subsequent anchoring and pressing, reducing equipment wear and tear, and prolonging the service life.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent replacements to some technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for fixing and laying steel mesh in tunnels, characterized in that: The system includes a vertical screw connected to a construction vehicle via a vertical drive component. A traveling transmission mechanism, movable along the axis of the vertical screw, is mounted on the vertical screw. Multiple telescopic rod groups are evenly connected circumferentially to the traveling transmission mechanism. An anchor bolt rotating mechanism is connected to the end of each telescopic rod group away from the traveling transmission mechanism. The anchor bolt rotating mechanism is connected to the traveling transmission mechanism via the telescopic rod groups, and the telescopic rod groups drive the anchor bolts on it to rotate. An active opening and closing mechanism is mounted on the traveling transmission mechanism and connected to each anchor bolt rotating mechanism. The traveling transmission mechanism includes a transmission wheel assembly connected to a drive motor and mounted within an assembly housing. The transmission wheel assembly is connected to each telescopic rod group. A vertical guide rod is mounted on the construction vehicle, and the assembly housing is slidably connected to the vertical guide rod. The anchor bolt rotating mechanism includes a telescopic rod assembly connected to the traveling transmission mechanism via an adapter rod. A second worm gear is coaxially connected to the end of the rod assembly away from the traveling transmission mechanism. The second worm gear is connected to a second worm wheel, and both the second worm gear and the second worm wheel are rotatably mounted inside the mounting housing. An adapter sleeve is fitted onto the adapter rod and rotatably connected to it. The adapter sleeve is connected to an active opening and closing mechanism. A one-way insertion sleeve is movably connected to the adapter sleeve. An electromagnetic clutch disc is installed at the end of the one-way insertion sleeve near the mounting housing. A first spring is connected between the one-way insertion sleeve and the adapter sleeve. The active opening and closing mechanism includes a vertical assembly tube detachably connected to the traveling transmission mechanism. The vertical lead screw passes through the vertical assembly tube. A hydraulic movable cylinder is coaxially fitted outside the vertical assembly tube. A hydraulic piston is coaxially constructed outside the vertical assembly tube. An assembly ring is fitted outside the vertical assembly tube. Multiple hinge rods are evenly hinged along the circumference of the assembly ring. Each hinge rod is hinged to a corresponding telescopic rod assembly or anchor bolt rotation mechanism.

2. The tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission wheel assembly includes a first gear and a second gear coaxially mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor. The first gear meshes with a third gear, and the second gear meshes with a clutch-type transmission wheel. The third gear is coaxially assembled with a first worm gear. The first worm gear and the clutch-type transmission wheel are rotatably connected to the assembly housing. The third gear, the clutch-type transmission wheel, the first worm gear, and the vertical lead screw are coaxially arranged. One end of each telescopic rod assembly is rotatably connected to the assembly housing, and the telescopic rod assembly is driven by the first worm gear coaxially constructed on it.

3. The tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clutch-type transmission wheel includes a fourth gear that meshes with the second gear. An assembly is coaxially constructed at the lower end of the fourth gear. Multiple hydraulic transmission blocks are uniformly installed on the assembly along its circumference. Each hydraulic transmission block is hydraulically driven and threadedly connected to a vertical lead screw.

4. The tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The assembly has multiple radial chambers evenly spaced along its circumference. A radial guide rod is movably mounted in each radial chamber. One end of each radial guide rod is fixedly connected to a corresponding hydraulic transmission block, and the other end of the radial guide rod extends out of the assembly. A transmission piston is coaxially constructed outside the radial guide rod. The radial chambers are divided into two hydraulic chambers by the transmission piston. The two hydraulic chambers are connected to a first channel and a second channel opened in the assembly. A transition seat is rotatably connected to the lower end of the assembly. An independent first chamber and a second chamber are formed between the transition seat and the assembly. The first chamber is connected to a first connector on the transition seat via a first channel, and the second chamber is connected to a second connector on the transition seat via a second channel.

5. The tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second worm gear is equipped with a bidirectional assembly component, which includes an assembly rod coaxially and detachably connected to the second worm gear. Assembly grooves extending along the axis of the assembly rod are respectively opened at both ends. A second spring is assembled in each assembly groove. A top-fitting block is installed at the end of the second spring near the opening of the assembly groove. The lower end of the anchor rod is engaged with the top-fitting block. Two conductive sleeves are rotatably connected to the assembly rod at intervals along its axial direction. Each conductive sleeve is detachably connected to the mounting shell. Two conductive channels are opened inside the assembly rod, each conductive channel connecting the corresponding assembly groove and the conductive sleeve. A conductive connector is constructed on each conductive sleeve.

6. The tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wire mesh pressing mechanism is connected to one side of the anchor bolt rotating mechanism. The wire mesh pressing mechanism includes a transition block installed on the anchor bolt rotating mechanism. Connecting pins are symmetrically and movably connected to the transition block. Each connecting pin is elastically connected to the transition block via a third spring. A top connecting rod extending along the insertion direction of the anchor bolt is movably connected to the transition block.

7. A tunnel steel mesh laying and fixing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two groove groups are symmetrically arranged on the peripheral wall of the top connecting rod. Each groove group includes multiple slots spaced apart along the length of the top connecting rod. The connecting pin is inserted into the corresponding slot. A connecting groove is constructed at both ends of the top connecting rod. A fourth spring is installed in each connecting groove. A connecting rod is installed at the end of the fourth spring near the opening of the connecting groove. A magnetic top pressure plate is connected to the end of the connecting rod extending out of the connecting groove.

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