Detection system and detection method for pulling resistance of anchor bar pile

Abstract

The invention discloses an anchor bar pile pulling resistance detection system and detection method, and relates to the technical field of data processing, first to fourth sensing modules are connected with a data processing module, and the first to fourth sensing modules are arranged on anchor bar pile pulling resistance detection equipment; the first sensing module measures the pulling resistance of the anchor bar pile; the second sensing module measures displacement data; the third sensing module measures the tension of the anchor bar pile; a fourth sensing module measures temperature data of the anchor bar pile in the drawing process; and the data processing module is used for drawing an anti-pulling force-displacement curve according to the anti-pulling force and displacement data, drawing a pulling force-displacement curve according to the pulling force and displacement data, and determining a detection result according to the anti-pulling force-displacement curve, the pulling force-displacement curve and the temperature data. According to the technical scheme, the detection efficiency can be improved, and the detection result can be obtained in time; and meanwhile, relevant data in the anti-pulling test process can be intelligently and automatically obtained, so that the detection accuracy can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data processing technology, specifically to a detection system and method for detecting the pull-out force of anchor piles. Background Technology

[0002] Anchor piles are crucial structures for enhancing the stability of rock masses within a reinforced area, playing a key role. An anchoring structure, consisting of multiple anchoring steel bars arranged in a borehole and grouted along its entire length, stabilizes and reinforces the rock and soil mass by utilizing the embedment of the pile within the surrounding rock and soil. The pull-out resistance of anchor piles primarily refers to the maximum bearing capacity of the anchor pile against pull-out failure when subjected to upward tensile force. It is also a core indicator for evaluating the pull-out performance of anchor piles. When testing the pull-out resistance of anchor piles, a vertically upward tensile force is typically applied to simulate the external forces borne by the pile. By measuring the applied tensile force and the deformation of the pile, the pull-out performance of the anchor pile and the interaction between the rock and soil mass and the anchor pile can be assessed.

[0003] In related technologies, when conducting pull-out force tests on anchor piles, the pull-out force generated is mainly analyzed by relevant personnel through recording and analysis. However, when obtaining the pull-out force of anchor piles using the methods in related technologies, the pull-out force cannot be obtained in real time, which leads to a lag in the processing of the obtained pull-out force, easily causing detection errors. At the same time, the detection efficiency is low and the detection results cannot be evaluated in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a detection system and method for the pull-out force of anchor piles, so as to solve the technical problems existing in related technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a detection system for the pull-out force of anchor piles. The detection system includes a first sensing module, a second sensing module, a third sensing module, a fourth sensing module, and a data processing module. The first sensing module, the second sensing module, the third sensing module, and the fourth sensing module are respectively connected to the data processing module via a wireless connection. The first sensing module, the second sensing module, the third sensing module, and the fourth sensing module are all installed on an anchor pile pull-out force detection device. The anchor pile pull-out force detection device is installed on the rock mass at the location of the anchor pile and is connected to the anchor pile. The first sensing module is used to measure the pull-out force of the anchor pile when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs a pull-out test on the anchor pile; The second sensing module is used to measure the displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs pull-out test on the anchor pile. The third sensing module is used to measure the tension of the anchor pile when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs a pull-out test on the anchor pile. The fourth sensing module is used to measure the temperature data of the anchor pile during the pull-out process when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs a pull-out test on the anchor pile. The data processing module is used to receive pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data, plot pull-out force-displacement curves based on pull-out force and displacement data, plot tensile force-displacement curves based on tensile force and displacement data, and determine the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves and temperature data.

[0006] Optionally, the data processing module includes a data processing submodule, a curve plotting module, and a judgment module; The data processing submodule is used to remove noise data from the pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data using an adaptive filtering method or a Kalman filtering method, and to smooth the pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data after removing noise data to obtain target pull-out force, target displacement data, target tensile force and target temperature data. The curve plotting module is used to plot a pull-out force-displacement curve based on the target pull-out force and target displacement data, and to plot a tension-displacement curve based on the target tension and target displacement data. The judgment module is used to determine the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curve, the tension-displacement curve, and temperature data.

[0007] Optionally, the determination module is further configured to: When the pull-out force-displacement curve matches the preset first curve, the tension-displacement curve matches the preset second curve, and the temperature difference between the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​in the temperature data is less than the preset temperature difference, the pull-out force test result of the anchor pile is determined to be a qualified result. The preset first curve is the pull-out force-displacement curve of a qualified anchor pile during the pull-out test, and the preset second curve is the tension-displacement curve of a qualified anchor pile during the pull-out test.

[0008] Optionally, the detection system further includes an alarm module, which is connected to the data processing module; The data processing module is also used to generate abnormal warning information and transmit the abnormal warning information to the alarm module when the difference between the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​in the temperature data is less than the preset difference temperature, and when the pull-out force-displacement curve does not match the preset first curve and / or the tensile force-displacement curve does not match the preset second curve. The alarm module is used to display abnormal warning information and / or broadcast abnormal warning information via voice.

[0009] Optionally, the detection system further includes a display module, which is connected to the data processing module via a LoRaWAN network or an NB-IoT network; The data processing module is also used to compress the pull-out force-displacement curve, tension-displacement curve, temperature data and the detection results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile into coded data through compressed sensing method or sparse representation method, encrypt the coded data, and transmit the encrypted coded data to the display module. The display module is used to decode the encrypted encoded data and display the decoded encoded data.

[0010] Optionally, the number of data processing modules is set to two, namely a main data processing module and a secondary data processing module; The main data processing module is used to receive pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data, plot pull-out force-displacement curves based on pull-out force and displacement data, plot tensile force-displacement curves based on tensile force and displacement data, and determine the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves and temperature data. The secondary data processing module is used to receive pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force, and temperature data when the main data processing module is in a stopped working state. It then plots pull-out force-displacement curves based on the pull-out force and displacement data, and plots tensile force-displacement curves based on the tensile force and displacement data. Finally, it determines the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves, and temperature data.

[0011] Optionally, the detection system further includes a storage module, which is connected to the data processing module; The data processing module is also used to send the pull-out force-displacement curve, tensile force-displacement curve, and temperature data to the storage module. The storage module is used to store pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves, and temperature data, so that relevant personnel can trace the test data.

[0012] Optionally, the first sensor is a force sensor, and the force sensor is installed on the connection structure between the jack and the anchor in the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment; the second sensor is a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is installed on the reference beam of the I-beam in the anchor pile testing equipment; the third sensor is a strain gauge sensor, and the strain gauge sensor is installed in the concrete being grouted into the anchor pile; the fourth sensor is a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is installed on the reference beam of the I-beam in the anchor pile testing equipment, wherein the temperature sensor and the displacement sensor are installed on different sides of the reference beam.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention also provides a method for detecting the pull-out force of anchor piles, comprising: A preset number of anchor piles are determined within a preset area, and the anchor pile pull-out force detection system is fixed on the anchor pile pull-out force detection device corresponding to each anchor pile. The equipment for testing the pull-out force of anchor piles acquires data on the pull-out force of each anchor pile, the displacement of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass, the tensile force of the anchor pile, and the temperature data. Pull-out force-displacement curves are plotted based on pull-out force and displacement data, and tension-displacement curves are plotted based on tension and displacement data. The test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile are determined based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tension-displacement curves, and temperature data.

[0014] The above technical solution involves setting up a first, second, third, and fourth sensing module on the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment. The first sensing module measures the pull-out force of the anchor pile; the second module measures the displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass; the third module measures the tensile force of the anchor pile; and the fourth module measures the temperature data of the anchor pile during the pull-out process. The data collected by the first to fourth sensing modules is then transmitted to a data processing module. This module plots pull-out force-displacement curves and tensile force-displacement curves based on the pull-out force and displacement data, and determines the test result of the anchor pile pull-out force based on these curves and the temperature data. During the pull-out test of anchor piles, the pull-out force, tensile force, displacement relative to the rock mass, and temperature data generated by the anchor piles can be acquired in real time. This allows for automatic data processing and analysis of the pull-out force, tensile force, displacement relative to the rock mass, and temperature data to obtain corresponding test results, improving testing efficiency and ensuring timely results. Furthermore, the intelligent and automatic acquisition of relevant data during the pull-out test enhances the accuracy of the test.

[0015] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for detecting the pull-out force of anchor piles according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a device for detecting the pull-out force of anchor piles according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a redundancy setting module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The meanings of each mark in the diagram are as follows: 1. Anchor piles; 2. Wedges; 3. Anchorages; 4. Jacks; 5. Steel plates; 6. Channel steel; 7. I-beams; 8. Electric oil pumps. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, so as to provide a better understanding of the concept of the present invention, the technical problem solved, the technical features constituting the technical solution, and the technical effects brought about.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a detection system for the pull-out force of anchor piles according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The detection system includes a first sensing module, a second sensing module, a third sensing module, a fourth sensing module, and a data processing module. The first sensing module, the second sensing module, the third sensing module, and the fourth sensing module are connected to the data processing module via wireless connection. The first sensing module, the second sensing module, the third sensing module, and the fourth sensing module are all installed on the anchor pile pull-out force detection device. The anchor pile pull-out force detection device is installed on the rock mass at the location of the anchor pile and is connected to the anchor pile. The first sensing module is used to measure the pull-out force of the anchor pile when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs a pull-out test on the anchor pile; The second sensing module is used to measure the displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs pull-out test on the anchor pile. The third sensing module is used to measure the tension of the anchor pile when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs a pull-out test on the anchor pile. The fourth sensing module is used to measure the temperature data of the anchor pile during the pull-out process when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs a pull-out test on the anchor pile. The data processing module is used to receive pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data, plot pull-out force-displacement curves based on pull-out force and displacement data, plot tensile force-displacement curves based on tensile force and displacement data, and determine the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves and temperature data.

[0022] The above technical solution involves setting up a first, second, third, and fourth sensing module on the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment. The first sensing module measures the pull-out force of the anchor pile; the second module measures the displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass; the third module measures the tensile force of the anchor pile; and the fourth module measures the temperature data of the anchor pile during the pull-out process. The data collected by the first to fourth sensing modules is then transmitted to a data processing module. This module plots pull-out force-displacement curves and tensile force-displacement curves based on the pull-out force and displacement data, and determines the test result of the anchor pile pull-out force based on these curves and the temperature data. During the pull-out test of anchor piles, the pull-out force generated by the anchor pile, the tensile force on the anchor pile, the displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass, and the temperature data can be acquired in real time. This allows for automatic data processing and analysis of the pull-out force, tensile force on the anchor pile, displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass, and temperature data, yielding corresponding test results. This improves testing efficiency and ensures timely results. Furthermore, the intelligent and automatic acquisition of relevant data during the pull-out test enhances the accuracy of the test.

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the anchor pile pull-out force detection system provided by the present invention, the above steps are illustrated in detail below.

[0024] For example, the first to fourth sensing modules can be different types of sensors. By installing these modules on the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment, the equipment can acquire the pull-out force of the anchor pile, the displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass, the tensile force on the anchor pile, and the temperature data during the pull-out test. The pull-out force can be the maximum bearing capacity that the anchor pile can resist being pulled out, the tensile force can be the upward tensile force applied to the anchor pile, and the displacement data can be the movement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass during the pull-out test.

[0025] Anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment is a device used to perform pull-out tests on anchor piles. For example... Figure 2As shown, the structure may include a clamp 2, an anchor 3, a jack 4, a steel plate 5, a channel steel 6, an I-beam 7, and an electric hydraulic pump 8. The bottom of the I-beam 7 is fixed to the rock mass; four I-beams can be installed, and they can be square in shape. The top of the I-beam 7 is welded with channel steel 6; two or four channel steels can be installed. The cross-welding of the channel steel 6 and the I-beam 7 forms a rigid base, adaptable to complex terrain. A steel plate 5 is welded onto the channel steel 6, and a jack 4 is installed on the steel plate 5. The center holes of the jack 4 and the steel plate 5 pass through the anchor pile 1. The jack 4 can evenly distribute pressure through the steel plate 5. The steel plate 5 is supported below by a bracket composed of 20-type channel steel 6 and 24B-type I-beam 7 welded together, enhancing overall stability. An anchor 3 is installed above the jack 4. The anchor 3 is fixed to the anchor pile 1 by clamping plates 2. When the jack 4 moves, an upward force can be applied to the anchor 3. The force of the anchor 3 is transmitted to the anchor pile, driving the anchor pile below and the entire rock mass to conduct the test. The electric oil pump 8 can be connected to the jack 4 through hydraulic pipelines to provide controllable loading force. The jack 4 applies load, the steel frame disperses the reaction force, and the sensing module provides real-time feedback data, thus forming a closed-loop detection system.

[0026] In the testing equipment, the anchors can be self-locking anchors with increased thickness and strength to reduce the risk of loosening. The clamps can be made of wear-resistant alloys to extend their service life, and they use adjustable clamping force to accommodate anchor piles of different sizes. The jack model can be YCW250T-200, which increases the jack's load-bearing capacity to handle greater pull-out forces; an electro-hydraulic proportional control system is used for more precise load control. The steel plate dimensions are available, made of high-strength low-alloy steel to improve bending resistance. The channel steel model can be 20 type, using hot-rolled or cold-rolled channel steel to improve strength and toughness and enhance overall stability. The I-beam model can be 24B type; the electric oil pump model can be ZB4-500, which increases the pump's flow rate and pressure to meet greater loading requirements; an intelligent control system is used for remote monitoring and automatic adjustment.

[0027] The pull-out force of the anchor pile can then be measured using the first sensing module, the displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass using the second sensing module, the tensile force on the anchor pile using the third sensing module, and the temperature data during the pull-out test using the fourth sensing module. The pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force, and temperature data can then be wirelessly transmitted to the data transmission module. The wireless connection can be an adaptive transmission protocol, which dynamically adjusts the data transmission rate and encoding method based on the stability and bandwidth of the communication channel, thus ensuring the real-time performance and reliability of the data transmission. During transmission, the communication quality is monitored in real time, and the transmission mode is automatically switched according to quality changes. This adaptive transmission protocol can be TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), but this embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit its use.

[0028] In the actual processing, the specific code implementation is as follows: function transmitData(data): / / Adapts the transmission protocol based on the communication channel conditions protocol = selectAdaptiveProtocol() / / Send data using the adaptive transport protocol sendDataUsingProtocol(protocol, data) / / Monitor communication quality and adjust transmission method if communicationQualityDegraded(): switchToAlternateProtocol() retransmitData() / / Use low-power transmission technology useLowPowerTransmissionMode().

[0029] The data processing module can plot pull-out force-displacement curves based on pull-out force and displacement data, and tension-displacement curves based on tensile force and displacement data. The pull-out force test results of the anchor piles are then determined based on these curves, along with temperature data. This enables automatic data acquisition and timely data processing, improving testing efficiency and avoiding errors compared to manual data recording, thus enhancing accuracy. The data processing module can also connect wirelessly to a terminal, transmitting processed data and data measured by the first to fourth sensors to the terminal for display.

[0030] In one possible configuration, the first sensor is a force sensor, and the force sensor is disposed on the connection structure between the jack and the anchor in the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment; the second sensor is a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is disposed on the reference beam of the I-beam in the anchor pile testing equipment; the third sensor is a strain gauge sensor, and the strain gauge sensor is disposed in the concrete being grouted into the anchor pile; the fourth sensor is a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is disposed on the reference beam of the I-beam in the anchor pile testing equipment, wherein the temperature sensor and the displacement sensor are disposed on different sides of the reference beam.

[0031] It should be understood that the first sensing module can be a force sensor, which can be a device for converting mechanical quantities into electrical signals and can be used to measure pull-out force. The second sensing module can be a displacement sensor, used to measure the displacement distance of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass. The third sensing module can be a strain gauge sensor. A strain gauge sensor is a specialized sensor used to measure minute deformations of an object. It can be attached to the surface of the object being measured to sense the minute tensile or compressive deformation (strain) produced when the object is subjected to force, and convert the deformation into a resistance change signal, indirectly reflecting the stress state of the object.

[0032] In this embodiment of the invention, a force sensor is placed on the connection structure between the jack and the anchor to measure the pull-out force of the anchor pile; a displacement sensor is placed on the reference beam of the I-beam to measure the displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the I-beam during the pull-out test; and a strain gauge sensor is placed inside the concrete injected into the anchor pile to measure the tensile force on the anchor pile during the pull-out test. A temperature sensor can be placed on the reference beam of the I-beam, but not on the same side as the displacement sensor. The temperature sensor can measure temperature data, and when there are sudden changes in the pull-out force, tensile force, and displacement data, the change in temperature data can be used to determine whether the sudden change in pull-out force, tensile force, and displacement data is due to temperature changes, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement.

[0033] The specific working principle of the testing equipment is as follows: The anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment is set up in the testing area. The anchor piles are inserted into the anchorages and secured with clamps to ensure a firm connection. The ZB4-500 electric oil pump is started to provide hydraulic drive for the YCW250T-200 jack, applying a vertically upward pulling force and gradually loading. Real-time pull-out force reading: As the jack's pulling force is applied, the first to fourth sensor modules record real-time data. This data is remotely transmitted via a real-time transmission module for monitoring by on-site and back-end technical personnel. Data analysis and recording: After data transmission, automated data processing and analysis are performed. The data is compared with established standards to determine whether the anchor pile's pull-out force is qualified. Simultaneously, the data is stored in the cloud for subsequent traceability.

[0034] In some possible configurations, the data processing module includes a data processing sub-module, a curve plotting module, and a judgment module; The data processing submodule is used to remove noise data from the pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data using an adaptive filtering method or a Kalman filtering method, and to smooth the pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data after removing noise data to obtain target pull-out force, target displacement data, target tensile force and target temperature data. The curve plotting module is used to plot a pull-out force-displacement curve based on the target pull-out force and target displacement data, and to plot a tension-displacement curve based on the target tension and target displacement data. The judgment module is used to determine the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curve, the tension-displacement curve, and temperature data.

[0035] It should be understood that, such as Figure 1 As shown, the data processing module can include multiple units, each performing different data processing. In this embodiment, a data processing submodule, a curve plotting module, and a judgment module can be set up. In the data processing submodule, filtering and smoothing processing can be performed on the data to remove noise data from the pull-out force, displacement, tensile force, and temperature data, as well as to remove individual data with abrupt changes in the noise data, thereby obtaining the target pull-out force, target displacement, target tensile force, and target temperature data. The filtering method can be an adaptive filtering method or a Kalman filtering method. The adaptive filtering method does not require pre-setting the statistical characteristics of the signal and noise; it adjusts the filtering coefficients in real time through an algorithm to track the dynamic changes of the signal and noise and achieve the optimal filtering effect. The Kalman filtering method, based on the state-space model of a linear system, fuses the predicted and observed system states through a "prediction-update" recursive process to obtain the optimal state estimate. Processing the pull-out force, displacement, tensile force, and temperature data using adaptive filtering or Kalman filtering methods can improve the purity of the data, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the data.

[0036] In the curve plotting module, a pull-out force-displacement curve is plotted based on the time-dependent changes in the target pull-out force and target displacement data. Similarly, a tension-displacement curve is plotted based on the time-dependent changes in the target tensile force and target displacement data. These curves, along with the temperature data, are then transmitted to the judgment module. The judgment module determines the test result of the anchor pile's pull-out force based on these curves and the temperature data. The test result can be either a pass / fail result or a fail / unqualified result.

[0037] In some possible ways, the determination module is also used for: When the pull-out force-displacement curve matches the preset first curve, the tension-displacement curve matches the preset second curve, and the temperature difference between the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​in the temperature data is less than the preset temperature difference, the pull-out force test result of the anchor pile is determined to be a qualified result. The preset first curve is the pull-out force-displacement curve of a qualified anchor pile during the pull-out test, and the preset second curve is the tension-displacement curve of a qualified anchor pile during the pull-out test.

[0038] It should be understood that after obtaining the pull-out force-displacement curve and the tension-displacement curve, the test result of the pull-out force of the anchor pile can be determined based on these curves and temperature data. Specifically, when the pull-out force-displacement curve matches the preset first curve, the tension-displacement curve matches the preset second curve, and the temperature difference between the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​is less than the preset temperature difference, it indicates that the anchor pile can withstand the tension applied in the pull-out test, and thus the test result of the anchor pile's pull-out force can be determined as a qualified result.

[0039] In some possible embodiments, the detection system further includes an alarm module connected to the data processing module; The data processing module is also used to generate abnormal warning information and transmit the abnormal warning information to the alarm module when the difference temperature between the maximum temperature value and the minimum temperature value in the temperature data is less than the preset difference temperature, and when the pull-out force-displacement curve does not match the preset first curve and / or the tensile force-displacement curve does not match the preset second curve. The alarm module is used to display abnormal warning information and / or broadcast abnormal warning information via voice.

[0040] It should be understood that when the temperature difference between the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​in the temperature data is less than a preset temperature difference, and when the pull-out force-displacement curve does not match the preset first curve and / or the tension-displacement curve does not match the preset second curve, it indicates that the anchor pile cannot withstand the corresponding tension, and thus the test result of the anchor pile's pull-out force can be determined as unqualified. Specifically, a mismatch between the pull-out force-displacement curve and the preset first curve can be due to a sudden and drastic fluctuation in the pull-out force or displacement, exceeding a preset safety threshold; a mismatch between the tension-displacement curve and the preset second curve can be due to a significant non-linear abrupt change in the tension-displacement curve, such as a surge in displacement and a sudden drop in tension. In this case, an abnormal warning message can be generated and transmitted to the alarm module. The alarm module can then display the abnormal warning message or issue a voice announcement to alert relevant personnel that the test result of the anchor pile's pull-out force is unqualified. Figure 1 As shown, the alarm module can be set on the mobile terminal device of relevant personnel or on the platform for centralized processing of response data. This enables the real-time collection of relevant data, thereby obtaining the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile in a timely manner, which can improve the detection efficiency and accuracy.

[0041] Using the above technical solution, abnormal pull-out force typically manifests as a sudden drop or exceeding limits; abnormal displacement data indicates an accelerated increase in deformation or exceeding allowable values; and temperature data is used for auxiliary verification to eliminate sensor measurement drift caused by environmental factors, ensuring the authenticity of force and displacement changes. The system comprehensively determines anomalies by analyzing the interaction between these three factors in real time, thereby improving the accuracy of the detection results.

[0042] In some possible embodiments, the detection system further includes a display module, which is connected to the data processing module via a LoRaWAN network or an NB-IoT network; The data processing module is also used to compress the pull-out force-displacement curve, tension-displacement curve, temperature data and the detection results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile into coded data through compressed sensing method or sparse representation method, encrypt the coded data, and transmit the encrypted coded data to the display module. The display module is used to decode the encrypted encoded data and display the decoded encoded data.

[0043] It should be understood that compressed sensing methods utilize the sparsity of signals, performing low-dimensional sampling of sparse signals through a random measurement matrix, and then recovering the original signal from a small number of measurements using a reconstruction algorithm. Sparse representation methods, on the other hand, map the original signal onto a specific "sparse basis," allowing the signal to be fully represented using only a small number of non-zero coefficients. Furthermore, the decoded data, such as pull-out force-displacement curves, tension-displacement curves, and temperature data, can be displayed on the display module, allowing relevant personnel to intuitively observe changes in displacement, tension, and pull-out force.

[0044] In another possible approach, the filtered target pull-out force, target displacement, target tensile force, and target temperature data can be compressed into coded data using compressed sensing or sparse representation methods. This coded data is then encrypted, and the encrypted coded data is transmitted to the display module. The specific implementation code is as follows: / / Data preprocessing functions function preprocessData(rawData): / / Apply advanced filtering and denoising algorithms filteredData = applyAdvancedFiltering(rawData) / / Smoothing and outlier detection smoothedData = smoothData(filteredData) cleanedData = detectAndRemoveAnomalies(smoothedData) return cleanedData / / Data encoding function function encodeData(preprocessedData): / / Apply efficient data encoding algorithms encodedData = applyEfficientEncoding(preprocessedData) / / Encrypted data encryptedData = encryptData(encodedData) return encryptedData.

[0045] The relevant changes can then be remotely monitored on the display module. The specific code implementation is as follows: / / Remote monitoring function function remoteMonitor(dataStream): initializeSmartAnalysisAndAlertSystem() while dataStream.hasNext(): newData = dataStream.getNext() analysisResult = analyzeDataInRealTime(newData) if isAnomalyDetected(analysisResult): triggerAlert(analysisResult) updateVisualMonitorInterface(newData, analysisResult).

[0046] In one possible configuration, the number of data processing modules is two, namely a main data processing module and a secondary data processing module; The main data processing module is used to receive pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data, plot pull-out force-displacement curves based on pull-out force and displacement data, plot tensile force-displacement curves based on tensile force and displacement data, and determine the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves and temperature data. The secondary data processing module is used to receive pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force, and temperature data when the main data processing module is in a stopped working state. It then plots pull-out force-displacement curves based on the pull-out force and displacement data, and plots tensile force-displacement curves based on the tensile force and displacement data. Finally, it determines the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves, and temperature data.

[0047] It should be understood that, such as Figure 3 As shown in this embodiment of the invention, when the main data processing module malfunctions or abnormally stops working, the content of the main data processing module can be implemented through other data processing modules. Specifically, the data processing modules can be configured as redundant modules, and when the main data processing module malfunctions or abnormally stops working, the secondary data processing modules can operate, which can improve the timeliness of data processing and the efficiency of detecting the pull-out force of anchor piles.

[0048] In some possible configurations, the detection system further includes a storage module connected to the data processing module; The data processing module is also used to send the pull-out force-displacement curve, tensile force-displacement curve, and temperature data to the storage module. The storage module is used to store pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves, and temperature data, so that relevant personnel can trace the test data.

[0049] It should be understood that distributed storage technology can be used to store pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves, and temperature data in the storage module. The collected pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves, and temperature data can be stored on multiple nodes, thereby improving data reliability and availability. Furthermore, regular backup and recovery tests of the collected pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves, and temperature data ensure long-term data preservation and recoverability.

[0050] The specific implementation code is as follows: / / Data storage function function storeData(data): distributedStorage.store(data) if backupDue(): distributedStorage.backup() analysisResult = performBigDataAnalysis(data) storageForAnalysisResults.store(analysisResult) exposeDataQueryAndAnalysisAPI().

[0051] In actual operation, the specific procedures are as follows: Preparations: Based on the characteristics of the stilling basin's bedrock, on-site construction conditions, and construction schedule, it is initially planned to conduct pull-out tests on anchor piles in sections 7-2 outside the fault, 10-4 in the affected zone, and 11-5 in the main fault zone. Specifically, the geological, design, and supervising engineers will identify representative locations based on the geological conditions for the pull-out force testing of the anchor piles, and the testing locations will be selected according to the site conditions. According to specifications, one set of three anchor piles will be taken from each of the three bedrock types—outside the stilling basin fault, in the affected zone, and in the main fault zone—for pull-out testing, totaling three sets of anchor piles.

[0052] Sensor selection and deployment: Based on the geological conditions and construction environment of the detection area, the first to fourth sensor modules are installed at the corresponding positions on the detection equipment to ensure accurate reflection of changes in pull-out force, tensile force, displacement data, and temperature data. In areas such as outside the stilling basin fault, the affected zone, and the main fault zone, one detection device is installed for each anchor pile at each location, with sensor modules installed on the detection devices, for a total of three sets, to ensure comprehensive monitoring of anchor piles under different geological conditions.

[0053] Real-time data acquisition and transmission: The first to fourth sensor modules collect parameters such as pull-out force, displacement, tensile force, and temperature data in real time, and transmit these real-time parameters to the remote monitoring system via an integrated wireless transmission module. Wireless transmission technologies such as Wi-Fi, LoRa, or 5G networks can be selected based on the on-site communication environment to ensure stable data transmission and low latency. The data transmission module supports long-term continuous operation, adapting to the environmental requirements of the construction site.

[0054] Data Processing and Display: Data transmitted to the monitoring center will be processed and analyzed before being displayed on the real-time monitoring platform. Technicians can view the pull-out force change trends at each testing point and the stress conditions of different anchor piles in real time. This ensures that relevant personnel can keep abreast of data changes and make timely adjustments to the construction process based on the test results, thereby improving testing efficiency.

[0055] Before proceeding with implementation preparations, the following steps are also included: Before testing, the rock surface at the anchor pile borehole should be smoothed, and bedrock fissures that may affect the test results should be sketched. Water and electricity should be connected to the site. calibrated jacks and various record forms should be prepared. After determining the anchor pile to be tested, the grout saturation should be checked first. If the grout saturation does not meet the specifications, a new anchor pile should be selected. A crane should be used to install the supports and jacks and set up the reference system. Before testing, the three anchor rods in the anchor pile should be cut into different lengths, with the exposed length meeting the requirements for pull-out strength testing. A 20cm long Φ32 steel bar should be welded to each side of each steel rod.

[0056] Data Compression and Verification: The data processing module employs advanced data compression algorithms CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) and ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) to reduce transmission volume. Simultaneously, it combines data verification and error correction algorithms to ensure the accuracy and integrity of data transmission. By optimizing the transmission protocol, using UDP (User Datagram Protocol) or a custom UDP-based protocol, transmission latency is reduced and real-time performance is improved.

[0057] Sensor module deployment and calibration: The deployment of sensor modules employs an intelligent optimization algorithm, combined with geological surveys and stress analysis, to optimize the placement of the modules, ensuring that the first through fourth sensor modules are deployed to their corresponding locations. The calibration process utilizes multi-point calibration and data fusion algorithms to improve the reliability and consistency of measurement data. Calibration using specialized equipment ensures the stability of the sensor modules' operational status and the quality of transmission.

[0058] Data Fusion and Visualization: The system employs Kalman filtering and Bayesian network data fusion algorithms to fuse pull-out force, displacement, tensile force, and temperature data collected by the first to fourth sensing modules, improving data accuracy, timeliness, and reliability. Real-time data is displayed through dynamic charts and trend curves, combined with front-end real-time communication technology to achieve dynamic updates and intuitive presentation of the data.

[0059] Access Control and Anomaly Detection: The detection system can also be configured with advanced RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) or ABAC (Attribute-Based Access Control) access control algorithms, combined with user authentication and authorization mechanisms, to achieve fine-grained access control. It promptly detects and notifies of abnormal data, pushing alerts via SMS, email, and other means to ensure data security and privacy protection, while improving system response speed and reliability.

[0060] Based on the same concept, this invention also discloses a method for detecting the pull-out force of anchor piles, including: A preset number of anchor piles are determined within a preset area, and the anchor pile pull-out force detection system disclosed in this embodiment is fixed on the anchor pile pull-out force detection device corresponding to each anchor pile. The equipment for testing the pull-out force of anchor piles acquires data on the pull-out force of each anchor pile, the displacement of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass, the tensile force of the anchor pile, and the temperature data. Pull-out force-displacement curves are plotted based on pull-out force and displacement data, and tension-displacement curves are plotted based on tension and displacement data. The test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile are determined based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tension-displacement curves, and temperature data.

[0061] The specific detection method may include the following steps: The pull-out test employs a step-by-step, single-cycle method. During the loading of the anchor pile using jacks, the loading is applied slowly and uniformly, with the jack loading rate not exceeding 1 kN / s. When the actual load reaches the design load and no signs of failure are observed after four cycles, the load is gradually unloaded, tensioning is stopped, and the test is concluded. The cyclic loading and unloading methods and load distribution are described below.

[0062] The displacement of the anchor piles should be measured immediately after loading; the testing equipment should be securely installed and have safety protection measures. If the rock mass is weak or relatively fractured, and there is a possibility of internal failure, the bearing point of the puller base should be placed outside the potential failure area. If the pull-out resistance of the anchor piles does not meet the requirements, it can be reinforced by increasing the density of the anchor piles. During the inspection, the pull-out displacement of the anchor piles and the displacement of the surrounding rock surface should be monitored in real time, and the location and opening of cracks on the bedrock surface should be observed and recorded.

[0063] During the pull-out process, loading should be stopped immediately when the pull-out force reaches the design value, and tensioning should be terminated. Pulling out the anchor pile can be terminated under any of the following circumstances: the anchor pile reinforcement has been broken, or the anchor pile has been pulled out; cracks appear and expand in the mortar or bedrock surrounding the anchor pile, or the pressure cannot be maintained; the bedrock surface deformation is greater than 10mm (tentative) or abrupt changes occur; or the reinforcement shows necking. After completion, a detailed description and photographs of the damage to the anchor pile at the site must be taken.

[0064] Based on the anchor pile pull-out force, pull-out displacement, anchor pile displacement data, and cracking inspection data, a comprehensive analysis is conducted to determine the anchor pile failure type, and a pull-out force inspection conclusion is obtained, which serves as acceptance data. When the sampling items are full-length bonded anchor piles, tubular anchor piles, and self-drilling anchor piles, 3%-10% of the anchor piles should be sampled. When the sampling items are full-length bonded anchor piles, friction anchor piles, tubular anchor piles, and self-drilling anchor piles, the sampling standard is at least one set of samples for every 200 anchor piles, with no less than 3 piles in each set. The test specimens should include anchor piles for side walls and the top arch. When geological conditions or raw materials change, at least one set of samples should be taken. The sampling quantity for major projects should be appropriately increased. Based on the characteristics and schedule of this project, resources should be effectively organized and rationally allocated to ensure the quality of testing.

[0065] Through the above technical solutions, the testing system demonstrates strong adaptability and can handle complex terrain. In terms of technology application, scientific development and management have been implemented, resolving various technical application issues and improving the testing system, thereby ensuring the pass rate of anchor piles. The system uses fewer but more sophisticated pieces of equipment, resulting in more economical and reasonable costs and saving funds. During construction, the construction process has been clearly defined, controlling construction quality and effectively improving the bearing capacity of single piles and the effect of pile groups, thus increasing the pass rate. Standardized specifications enhance the efficiency of equipment testing.

[0066] Enhanced real-time data transmission and monitoring: Ensuring data stability and security during transmission. Simultaneously, the monitoring terminal employs advanced visualization technology to display detection data in real time, facilitating remote monitoring and analysis by technicians. Furthermore, data verification and retransmission mechanisms have been added to effectively prevent data loss and errors, improving data real-time performance.

[0067] Enhanced Data Backup and Security Management: To ensure the long-term reliability and security of test data, the wireless transmission system for pull-out force, displacement, tensile force, and temperature data employs multiple data backup mechanisms, including remote monitoring, cloud storage, and local server backup. Simultaneously, the system features strict access control, ensuring that only authorized personnel can access the data through authentication and access control. Furthermore, data encryption and audit log functions have been added to address potential data leakage risks and guarantee data security and traceability.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for detecting the pull-out force of anchor piles, characterized in that, The detection system includes a first sensing module, a second sensing module, a third sensing module, a fourth sensing module, and a data processing module. The first sensing module, the second sensing module, the third sensing module, and the fourth sensing module are connected to the data processing module via wireless connection. The first sensing module, the second sensing module, the third sensing module, and the fourth sensing module are all installed on the anchor pile pull-out force detection device. The anchor pile pull-out force detection device is installed on the rock mass at the location of the anchor pile and is connected to the anchor pile. The first sensing module is used to measure the pull-out force of the anchor pile when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs a pull-out test on the anchor pile; The second sensing module is used to measure the displacement data of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs pull-out test on the anchor pile. The third sensing module is used to measure the tension of the anchor pile when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs a pull-out test on the anchor pile. The fourth sensing module is used to measure the temperature data of the anchor pile during the pull-out process when the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment performs a pull-out test on the anchor pile. The data processing module is used to receive pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data, plot pull-out force-displacement curves based on pull-out force and displacement data, plot tensile force-displacement curves based on tensile force and displacement data, and determine the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves and temperature data.

2. The anchor pile pull-out force detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module includes a data processing sub-module, a curve plotting module, and a judgment module; The data processing submodule is used to remove noise data from the pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data using an adaptive filtering method or a Kalman filtering method, and to smooth the pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data after removing noise data to obtain target pull-out force, target displacement data, target tensile force and target temperature data. The curve plotting module is used to plot a pull-out force-displacement curve based on the target pull-out force and target displacement data, and to plot a tension-displacement curve based on the target tension and target displacement data. The judgment module is used to determine the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curve, the tension-displacement curve, and temperature data.

3. The anchor pile pull-out force detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The judgment module is also used for: When the pull-out force-displacement curve matches the preset first curve, the tension-displacement curve matches the preset second curve, and the temperature difference between the maximum and minimum temperature values ​​in the temperature data is less than the preset temperature difference, the pull-out force test result of the anchor pile is determined to be a qualified result. The preset first curve is the pull-out force-displacement curve of a qualified anchor pile during the pull-out test, and the preset second curve is the tension-displacement curve of a qualified anchor pile during the pull-out test.

4. The anchor pile pull-out force detection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The detection system also includes an alarm module, which is connected to the data processing module; The data processing module is also used to generate abnormal warning information and transmit the abnormal warning information to the alarm module when the difference temperature between the maximum temperature value and the minimum temperature value in the temperature data is less than the preset difference temperature, and when the pull-out force-displacement curve does not match the preset first curve and / or the tensile force-displacement curve does not match the preset second curve. The alarm module is used to display abnormal warning information and / or broadcast abnormal warning information via voice.

5. The anchor pile pull-out force detection system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The detection system also includes a display module, which is connected to the data processing module via a LoRaWAN network or an NB-IoT network. The data processing module is also used to compress the pull-out force-displacement curve, tension-displacement curve, temperature data and the detection results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile into coded data through compressed sensing method or sparse representation method, encrypt the coded data, and transmit the encrypted coded data to the display module. The display module is used to decode the encrypted encoded data and display the decoded encoded data.

6. The anchor pile pull-out force detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The data processing module is configured in two forms: a main data processing module and a secondary data processing module. The main data processing module is used to receive pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force and temperature data, plot pull-out force-displacement curves based on pull-out force and displacement data, plot tensile force-displacement curves based on tensile force and displacement data, and determine the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves and temperature data. The secondary data processing module is used to receive pull-out force, displacement data, tensile force, and temperature data when the main data processing module is in a stopped working state. It then plots pull-out force-displacement curves based on the pull-out force and displacement data, and plots tensile force-displacement curves based on the tensile force and displacement data. Finally, it determines the test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves, and temperature data.

7. The anchor pile pull-out force detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The detection system also includes a storage module, which is connected to the data processing module. The data processing module is also used to send the pull-out force-displacement curve, tensile force-displacement curve, and temperature data to the storage module. The storage module is used to store pull-out force-displacement curves, tensile force-displacement curves, and temperature data, so that relevant personnel can trace the test data.

8. The anchor pile pull-out force detection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first sensor is a force sensor, and the force sensor is installed on the connection structure between the jack and the anchor in the anchor pile pull-out force testing equipment; the second sensor is a displacement sensor, and the displacement sensor is installed on the reference beam of the I-beam in the anchor pile testing equipment; the third sensor is a strain gauge sensor, and the strain gauge sensor is installed in the concrete being grouted into the anchor pile; the fourth sensor is a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is installed on the reference beam of the I-beam in the anchor pile testing equipment, wherein the temperature sensor and the displacement sensor are installed on different sides of the reference beam.

9. A method for detecting the pull-out force of anchor piles, characterized in that, include: A predetermined number of anchor piles are determined within a predetermined area, and the anchor pile pull-out force detection system as described in any one of claims 1-8 is fixed on the anchor pile pull-out force detection device corresponding to each anchor pile. The equipment for testing the pull-out force of anchor piles acquires data on the pull-out force of each anchor pile, the displacement of the anchor pile relative to the rock mass, the tensile force of the anchor pile, and the temperature data. Pull-out force-displacement curves are plotted based on pull-out force and displacement data, and tension-displacement curves are plotted based on tension and displacement data. The test results of the pull-out force of the anchor pile are determined based on the pull-out force-displacement curves, tension-displacement curves, and temperature data.

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