Method for mechanically cultivating and evaluating solanaceous crop seedlings

Abstract

The invention relates to an organized cultivation and evaluation method for solanaceous crop seedlings, which comprises the following steps: sowing seeds in a seedling raising tray; the seedling raising temperature is 25 DEG C + / -1 DEG C in the daytime and 20 DEG C + / -1 DEG C at night, and the environment humidity is 70-90%; an LED light source composed of red light and blue light is adopted as a seedling culture illumination environment light source; adjusting the position of the LED light source once every three days after the seeds germinate for seven days; 1-15 days after sowing, irrigating the seedlings with clear water once every 5 days; 15-21 days after sowing, irrigating the seedlings with a nutrient solution once every 3 days; on the 18-21st day after sowing, the morphology of the cultivated seedlings is detected; and performing standardization processing on the detected index data by adopting a Z-score method, and performing KMO detection on the standardized data. The method can meet the requirements of mechanical grafting for seedling form consistency and mechanical strength, avoids the problem that a traditional strong seedling evaluation system is disjointed with mechanical operation requirements, and provides a reliable basis for screening of high-quality seedlings suitable for mechanization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, specifically to a method for the organic cultivation and evaluation of seedlings of solanaceous crops. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional seedling cultivation often fails to meet the demands of actual production due to weak and uneven seedling growth, and severe environmental constraints. With the emergence of artificial light plant factories, seedling production is achieved entirely through artificial light sources. This not only cultivates high-quality, robust seedlings but also allows for the large-scale fulfillment of production needs based on actual conditions.

[0003] Currently, there are some research results on the spectrum of plant seedlings that promote their growth in factory-scale seedling production, such as CN120345505A, a fully enclosed artificial light plant factory tomato seedling production method, CN119605509A, an artificial light environment to promote the growth of cereal crop seedlings, and CN120224526A, a plant seed seedling light environment optimization system and method based on LED light source, etc.

[0004] However, existing plant cultivation techniques still have the following technical problems: Existing technologies related to factory-scale seedling production are mostly designed for manual grafting or seedling cultivation, without considering the special requirements of mechanized grafting on seedling morphology and mechanical performance, and lacking seedling production schemes adapted to mechanized operations. Furthermore, they have not developed differentiated evaluation standards for the different functional needs of rootstock and scion seedlings, making it impossible to accurately select high-quality seedlings suitable for mechanized grafting operations, resulting in low efficiency and unstable survival rates in mechanized grafting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the mechanization-friendly cultivation and evaluation of solanaceous crop seedlings, which meets the requirements of mechanized grafting for seedling morphological consistency and mechanical strength, avoids the problem of the traditional robust seedling evaluation system being out of touch with the needs of mechanized operations, and provides a reliable basis for the selection of high-quality mechanization-friendly seedlings.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for the cultivation and evaluation of mechanization-friendly seedlings of solanaceous crops, comprising the following steps: (1) Seed pretreatment: Solanaceous crop seeds, including rootstock and scion varieties, were placed in warm water, stirred thoroughly, and then cooled naturally. The cooled seeds were soaked for several hours, then removed and placed in a moist gauze, and germinated in a constant temperature incubator to obtain germinated seeds. (2) Sowing: Sow the rootstock and scion seeds separately in different seedling trays and water them with clean water to ensure that the substrate is fully saturated; (3) Seedling raising: The seedling temperature is 25℃±1℃ during the day and 20℃±1℃ at night, and the ambient humidity is 70-90%; LED light source composed of red and blue light is used as the seedling light source; after the seeds germinate for seven days, the position of the LED light source is adjusted every three days to ensure that the seedling canopy light environment is maintained at the set value; 1-15 days after sowing, the seedlings are irrigated with clean water every 5 days, only clean water is needed to meet the basic water requirements, and the seedlings are avoided from being burned by applying nutrient solution too early; 15-21 days after sowing, the seedlings enter the rapid growth stage, and the seedlings are irrigated with 1 / 2 concentration Hoglund nutrient solution every 3 days to provide essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, promote the accumulation of dry matter and improve the stress resistance of the seedlings, and obtain the cultivated seedlings; (4) Seedling evaluation: On the 18th-21st day after sowing, the morphology of the seedlings obtained in step (3) was tested. The indicators for testing the scion seedlings included plant height, hypocotyl stem diameter, above-ground fresh weight, above-ground dry weight, hypocotyl mechanical stress resistance, and crown width. The indicators for testing the rootstock seedlings included hypocotyl length, hypocotyl stem diameter, hypocotyl mechanical stress resistance, underground fresh weight, and underground dry weight. The Z-score method was used to standardize the detected index data to obtain standardized data. KMO test was performed on the standardized data. If the KMO value was greater than 0.6, principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the measured indicators. If the KMO value was less than 0.6, the standardized data were accumulated for comprehensive evaluation. Among them, the underground water content of the rootstock seedling and the plant height and crown width of the scion seedling were negative indicators, while the other test indicators were positive indicators. This enabled an accurate evaluation of the seedling's mechanization suitability. Based on the evaluation results, seedlings with high mechanization suitability were selected for mechanized grafting.

[0007] Furthermore, in step (1), the temperature of the warm water is 50°C, which kills the pathogens carried on the seed surface and breaks the seed dormancy.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (1), the seeds are soaked for 5 hours. Furthermore, in step (1), the seeds are germinated in a 30℃ constant temperature incubator to provide suitable temperature conditions for seed germination, promote uniform seed germination, and lay the foundation for cultivating robust seedlings.

[0009] Further, in step (2), the seeds are sown in 72-cell seedling trays and each tray is watered with 1.5L of water.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (2), the substrate for sowing is selected as peat moss and perlite, with peat moss accounting for 65-70% and perlite accounting for 30-35%.

[0011] Furthermore, in step (3), the peak value of red light is 656nm, the intensity of red light is 135μmol / ㎡ / s, the peak value of blue light is 458nm, the intensity of red light is 45μmol / ㎡ / s, the ratio of red light to blue light is 3:1, and the illumination time is 15h / d. Red light mainly promotes the elongation of seedling stems and the accumulation of dry matter, while blue light can enhance the mechanical strength of seedlings, control the size of the crown, and precisely regulate the formation of seedling morphology, so that the seedling stem thickness, mechanical pressure resistance and other indicators are adapted to mechanized grafting operations.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (3), when adjusting the position of the LED light source, a light intensity detector is used to monitor the red light intensity and blue light intensity at the seedling canopy in real time until the light intensity meets the set value.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (3), when irrigating with clean water and nutrient solution, drip irrigation is used to ensure that the substrate in each hole absorbs water evenly.

[0014] Furthermore, the nutrient solution used for irrigation in step (3) is a 1 / 2 concentration Hoglund nutrient solution.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: Improving seedling quality and uniformity: Through precise control of light environment, water and fertilizer, temperature and humidity, the coefficient of variation of seedling height and stem diameter is reduced, the above-ground dry weight is increased, and the mechanical resistance of the hypocotyl is improved. This solves the problems of weak and uneven seedlings in traditional seedling cultivation and meets the requirements of mechanized grafting for seedling morphological consistency and mechanical strength.

[0016] To meet the needs of mechanized grafting: The optimized ratio of red and blue light ensures that the hypocotyl length and stem diameter of the rootstock, and the height and crown width of the scion are perfectly matched to the clamping and cutting parameters of mechanized grafting equipment, thereby improving grafting efficiency and increasing graft survival rate.

[0017] Establish a scientific evaluation system: Develop differentiated evaluation standards for rootstocks and scions suitable for mechanization, select appropriate evaluation methods by combining KMO test, and ensure that the evaluation results are highly consistent with the actual effects of mechanized grafting. This avoids the problem of the traditional robust seedling evaluation system being out of touch with the needs of mechanized operations, and provides a reliable basis for the selection of high-quality, mechanization-suitable seedlings.

[0018] Reduce production costs and environmental dependence: The seedling environment is controlled entirely by humans, unaffected by natural weather, shortening the seedling cycle; the precise application of nutrient solution reduces fertilizer waste, while the low energy consumption of LED light source achieves high efficiency, energy saving and sustainability in seedling production. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail.

[0020] Examples 1-8 Light quality optimization: 1. Place tomato seeds in 50℃ warm water, stir thoroughly, soak for 5 hours, and let cool naturally; 2. Remove the seeds and place them in a damp gauze bag, then germinate them in a 30℃ constant temperature incubator; 3. Prepare the sowing substrate, using peat moss and perlite. The peat moss should make up 65-70% of the substrate, and the perlite should make up 30-35%.

[0021] 4. Remove the seeds and sow them in seedling trays, watering each tray with 1.5L of water. Then place them in light environments with different light combinations. The ambient temperature should be 25℃±1℃ during the day and 20℃±1℃ at night, with an ambient humidity of 70-95%. Light source: The light combinations of Examples 1-8 are shown in Table 1, wherein: the light intensity is 120 μmol / ㎡ / s, the illumination is 12 hours, the darkness is 12 hours, the blue light peak is 458nm, and the red light peak is 656nm.

[0022] 5. Water on the 5th and 10th days of growth, and irrigate with nutrient solution on the 13th, 16th, and 19th days of growth. After 21 days of growth, the height of the scion plant, the diameter of the hypocotyl stem, the fresh and dry weight of the above-ground parts, the mechanical stress resistance of the hypocotyl, and the crown width were measured; after 21 days of growth, the length and diameter of the hypocotyl stem of the rootstock, the mechanical stress resistance of the hypocotyl, and the fresh and dry weight of the underground parts were measured.

[0023] 6. Tomato scions were selected based on plant height, hypocotyl stem diameter, aboveground dry weight, aboveground moisture content, crown width, and hypocotyl stress resistance; tomato rootstocks were selected based on hypocotyl stem diameter, hypocotyl length, underground dry weight, underground moisture content, and hypocotyl mechanical stress resistance.

[0024] The results showed that for scions, when the proportion of red light in the mixed light was higher, seedlings exhibited greater height, stem diameter, and above-ground dry matter accumulation; when the proportion of blue light in the mixed light was higher, seedlings had smaller canopies; and when the ratio of red to blue light in the mixed light was close to 1:1, seedlings showed higher mechanical stress resistance. In summary, the R3B1 formula can cultivate tomato scions that are more suitable for mechanization.

[0025] For rootstocks, when the proportion of red light in the mixed light is higher, the plant stems are thicker and the hypocotyl height is relatively higher; when the red-blue light ratio in the mixed light is close to 3:1, the seedling underground water content is lower, and the underground dry weight and mechanical stress resistance are higher. In summary, the R3B1 formula can cultivate tomato rootstocks that are more suitable for mechanization.

[0026] Table 1. Relevant indicators of plants under different light combinations

[0027] Examples 9-14 Solar Light Integral (DLI) selection: 1. Place tomato seeds in 50℃ warm water, stir thoroughly, soak for 5 hours, and let cool naturally; 2. Remove the seeds and place them in a damp gauze bag, then germinate them in a 30℃ constant temperature incubator; 3. Prepare the sowing substrate, using peat moss and perlite. The peat moss should make up 65-70% of the substrate, and the perlite should make up 30-35%.

[0029] 4. Remove the seeds and sow them in seedling trays, watering each tray with 1.5L of water. Then place them in different DLI (diurnal intensity-photoperiod) environments. The ambient temperature should be 25℃±1℃ during the day and 20℃±1℃ at night, with an ambient humidity of 70-95%. Light source: The light combinations in Examples 9-14 are shown in Table 2, wherein the light quality environment is R3B1. The blue light peak is at 458nm; the red light peak is at 656nm.

[0030] 5. Water on the 5th and 10th days of growth, and irrigate with nutrient solution on the 13th, 16th, and 19th days of growth. After 20 days of growth, the height of the scion plant, the diameter of the hypocotyl stem, the fresh and dry weight of the above-ground parts, the mechanical stress resistance of the hypocotyl, and the crown width were measured. After 18 days of growth, the length and diameter of the hypocotyl stem of the rootstock, the mechanical stress resistance of the hypocotyl, and the fresh and dry weight of the underground parts were measured.

[0031] 6. Tomato scions were selected based on plant height, hypocotyl stem diameter, aboveground dry weight, aboveground moisture content, crown width, and hypocotyl stress resistance; tomato rootstocks were selected based on hypocotyl stem diameter, hypocotyl length, underground dry weight, underground moisture content, and hypocotyl mechanical stress resistance.

[0032] The results showed that for the scion, as the DLI increased, the stem diameter, aboveground dry weight, and hypocotyl mechanical stress of the seedlings significantly increased, while the aboveground water content of the seedlings significantly decreased. In summary, the higher the DLI, the higher the mechanization index of the tomato scion seedlings. However, in actual production, the environments of Examples 13 and 14 caused disease in the tomato seedlings; therefore, the environment of Example 12 was selected for the next stage of the experiment.

[0033] Table 2. Plant-related indicators under different DLI conditions

[0034]

[0035] Examples 15-23 Orthogonal experiment: 1. Place tomato seeds in 50℃ warm water, stir thoroughly, soak for 5 hours, and let cool naturally; 2. Remove the seeds and place them in a damp gauze bag, then germinate them in a 30℃ constant temperature incubator; 3. Prepare the sowing substrate, using peat moss and perlite. The peat moss should make up 65-70% of the substrate, and the perlite should make up 30-35%.

[0036] 4. Remove the seeds and sow them in seedling trays, watering each tray with 1.5L of water. Then place them in different light (light quality: light intensity: photoperiod) environments. The ambient temperature should be 25℃±1℃ during the day and 20℃±1℃ at night, with an ambient humidity of 70-95%. Light source: The light combinations of Examples 15-23 are shown in Table 3, wherein: the peak value of blue light is 458nm; and the peak value of red light is 656nm.

[0037] 5. Water on the 5th and 10th days of growth, and irrigate with nutrient solution on the 13th and 16th days of growth. After 18 days of growth, the height of the scion plant, the diameter of the hypocotyl stem, the fresh and dry weight of the above-ground parts, the mechanical stress resistance of the hypocotyl, and the crown width were measured; after 15 days of growth, the length and diameter of the hypocotyl stem of the rootstock, the mechanical stress resistance of the hypocotyl, and the fresh and dry weight of the underground parts were measured. 6. Tomato scions were selected using plant height, hypocotyl stem diameter, aboveground dry weight, aboveground moisture content, crown width, and hypocotyl stress resistance indicators; tomato rootstocks were selected using hypocotyl stem diameter, hypocotyl length, underground dry weight, underground moisture content, and hypocotyl mechanical stress resistance indicators.

[0038] The results showed that in this experiment, when the light intensity was 150, the photoperiod was 12h, and the light quality was R7B1, more suitable tomato scions and rootstock seedlings for mechanization could be obtained.

[0039] For scions, range analysis of the obtained evaluation indicators revealed that the seedling comprehensive index was highest under the 180 light intensity treatment, the highest under the 15h treatment, and the highest under the R3B1 treatment.

[0040] For rootstocks, range analysis of the obtained evaluation indices revealed that the seedlings under the 180 light intensity treatment had the highest comprehensive index, the seedlings under the 18h treatment had the highest comprehensive index, and the seedlings under the R3B1 treatment had the highest comprehensive index.

[0041] In summary, when the light intensity is 180, the photoperiod is 15 h / d, and the light quality is R3B1, more biocompatible tomato scion seedlings can be obtained; when the light intensity is 180, the photoperiod is 18 h / d, and the light quality is R3B1, more biocompatible tomato rootstock seedlings can be obtained.

[0042] Table 3. Plant height and fresh weight under different light ratios.

[0043]

[0044] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mechanization and evaluation of seedling of solanaceous crops, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps, (1) Seed pretreatment: placing the seed of the solanaceous crop including the rootstock variety and the scion variety in warm water, fully stirring and then naturally cooling; Then soak the seeds for several hours, and then take out and place in wet gauze, and germinate in a constant temperature incubator to obtain the germinated seeds; (2) Sowing: sow the rootstock and scion seeds in different seedling trays and irrigate with clean water to ensure that the substrate is fully watered; (3) Seedling raising: the seedling raising temperature is 25℃±1℃ during the day and 20℃±1℃ at night, and the environmental humidity is 70-90%; LED light source composed of red light and blue light is used as the seedling raising light source; adjust the position of the LED light source every three days after the seed germination for seven days to ensure that the light environment of the seedling canopy remains at the set value; irrigate the seedlings with clean water every 5 days after sowing; irrigate the seedlings with nutrient solution every 3 days after sowing for 15-21 days to obtain the cultivated seedlings; (4) Seedling evaluation: On the 18th-21st day after sowing, the morphology of the cultivated seedlings obtained in step (3) is detected, wherein the indexes detected for the scion seedlings include plant height, hypocotyl stem diameter, aboveground fresh weight, aboveground dry weight, hypocotyl mechanical compression resistance, and crown width, and the indexes detected for the rootstock seedlings include hypocotyl length, hypocotyl stem diameter, hypocotyl mechanical compression resistance, underground fresh weight, and underground dry weight; The detected index data are standardized by Z-score method to obtain standardized data; KMO test is performed on the standardized data, if the KMO value is greater than 0.6, principal component analysis is used to comprehensively evaluate the measured indexes; if the KMO value is less than 0.6, the cumulative standardized data is used for comprehensive evaluation, wherein the underground water content of the rootstock seedlings and the plant height and crown width of the scion seedlings are negative indexes, and the rest of the detected indexes are positive indexes.

2. The machine-friendly breeding and evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the temperature of the warm water is 50℃.

3. The machine-friendly breeding and evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the seeds are soaked for 5 hours.

4. The machine-friendly breeding and evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the seeds are germinated in a 30℃ constant temperature incubator.

5. The machine-friendly breeding and evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the seeds are sown in 72-hole seedling trays, and 1.5L of water is irrigated per tray.

6. The machine-ability-improving breeding and evaluation method according to claim 5, characterized by: In step (2), the substrate for sowing is selected from peat soil and perlite, and the proportion of peat soil is 65-70% and the proportion of perlite is 30-35%.

7. The machine-friendly breeding and evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the red light peak is 656nm, the red light intensity is 135μmol / ㎡ / s; the blue light peak is 458nm, the red light intensity is 45μmol / ㎡ / s, and the ratio of red light to blue light is 3:1, and the illumination time is 15h / d.

8. The machine-friendly breeding and evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), when adjusting the position of the LED light source, a light intensity detector is used to monitor the red light intensity and blue light intensity at the seedling canopy in real time until the light intensity meets the set value.

9. The machine-friendly breeding and evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), when irrigating with clean water and nutrient solution, a drip irrigation method is used to ensure that each hole of the substrate is uniformly watered.

10. The machine-friendly breeding and evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient solution irrigated in step (3) is 1 / 2 concentration of Hoagland's nutrient solution.

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