Safety protection device for slowly releasing falling impact of constructors

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of safety protection equipment, and discloses a constructor falling impact slow release safety protection device which comprises a barrel, a center column is fixedly connected to the interior of the barrel, and an annular movable cavity is formed between the center column and the inner wall of the barrel; an elastic traction mechanism is arranged in the annular movable cavity in a sliding mode, one end of the elastic traction mechanism is fixed in the barrel, and the other end of the elastic traction mechanism penetrates through the barrel and is fixedly connected with a first connector; the top of the barrel is fixedly connected with a second connector. According to the three-stage energy dissipation system, when the damping ring slides down along the annular movable cavity, the three sets of energy dissipation mechanisms are sequentially triggered, intervene step by step and synchronously release elasticity and friction energy dissipation, dispersion absorption and continuous peak clipping of falling kinetic energy are achieved, and compared with a traditional tearing type or single spring type buffering device, the energy dissipation efficiency is improved. The initial impact peak value can be remarkably reduced through three-channel coupling energy consumption, the whole slow release process is more stable and softer, and the protection capacity to the human body is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of safety protection equipment technology, specifically a safety protection device for mitigating the impact of falls on construction workers. Background Technology

[0002] Working at heights is an indispensable part of industries such as construction, power, and maintenance, but it also comes with extremely high safety risks. Accidental falls by construction workers are one of the main causes of injury and death. In order to protect the lives of workers at heights, existing protective measures usually include safety belts, safety ropes, and fall arrest devices connecting the two.

[0003] However, existing fall protection devices still have many technical challenges in practical applications:

[0004] Uneven impact force and single energy dissipation method: Traditional fall protection cushioning packs, especially tear-type cushioning packs, mainly rely on tearing pre-made seams to absorb energy. The force-displacement curve of this energy dissipation method is often uneven, which may generate a large impact force peak in the early stage of the fall, causing a "hard impact" to the human body; while at the end of the cushioning, the braking force may be insufficient.

[0005] It can easily produce a "whiplash effect" and cause secondary injuries: Some devices that use springs or elastic ropes as a buffer can hold back falling people, but after reaching maximum extension, the huge elastic potential energy stored will be released instantly, causing people to be violently "bounced back" or "swung" in the opposite direction, i.e., the "whiplash effect". This secondary impact may cause construction workers to collide with buildings or other structures, causing serious secondary injuries. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fall impact mitigation safety protection device for construction workers, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device, comprising a cylinder, wherein a central column is fixedly connected inside the cylinder, and an annular movable cavity is formed between the central column and the inner wall of the cylinder;

[0008] An elastic traction mechanism is slidably provided in the annular movable cavity. One end of the elastic traction mechanism is fixed in the cylinder, and the other end passes through the cylinder and is fixedly connected to a connector.

[0009] The top of the cylinder is fixedly connected to a connector two.

[0010] The outer surface of the central column is provided with a torsional energy-dissipating mechanism and a composite energy-dissipating mechanism along the moving path of the elastic traction mechanism.

[0011] The torsional energy dissipation mechanism is used to convert the axial tension of the elastic traction mechanism into the torsional deformation of the torsion spring and rotational friction to dissipate energy.

[0012] The composite energy dissipation mechanism is used to further dissipate energy through sliding friction, elastic deformation, and compressed air injection when the elastic traction mechanism continues to stretch.

[0013] Preferably, the central column includes a column body, an assembly cavity, a mounting hole, an annular cavity, and a slit. One end of the column body is fixed inside the cylinder. The assembly cavity and the mounting hole are both opened and penetrate the outer surface of the column body. The slit is opened in the column body. The assembly cavity communicates with the mounting hole through the slit. The annular cavity is opened inside the column body and located outside the mounting hole.

[0014] Preferably, the elastic traction mechanism includes a damping ring, a traction cable, and a main spring. The damping ring is movably sleeved on the outside of the column. One end of the traction cable is fixedly connected to the damping ring and the other end passes through the cylinder. One end of the main spring is fixed in the cylinder and the other end is fixedly connected to the damping ring.

[0015] Preferably, the torsional energy dissipation mechanism includes a fixed shaft, a sleeve, a lever, a friction plate, a torsion spring, and a damping seat. The fixed shaft is fixed in the assembly cavity, the sleeve is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the fixed shaft, the torsion spring is fixedly connected between the sleeve and the inner wall of the assembly cavity, the lever and the friction plate are symmetrically distributed on the outside of the sleeve, the damping seat is fixed in the assembly cavity, and the friction plate is located in the matching arc groove on the front of the damping seat.

[0016] Preferably, the composite energy-consuming mechanism includes a movable plunger, a fixed ring, a first spring, and a damping ring. The movable plunger is movably sleeved in the mounting hole, the fixed ring is fixedly sleeved in the mounting hole, the first spring is fixedly connected between the fixed ring and the movable plunger, and the damping ring is fixedly sleeved in the ring cavity.

[0017] Preferably, the top of the central column is provided with an adapter cavity, the adapter cavity is provided with a control module, the top of the control module is provided with an alarm, and a temperature sensor is fixedly installed on one side of the torsional energy-consuming mechanism.

[0018] Preferably, the control module also includes a calculation unit, and the top of the cylinder is provided with an auxiliary protection mechanism. The calculation unit records the start-up time difference of the two temperature sensors and activates the auxiliary protection mechanism when the start-up time difference reaches a set value.

[0019] Preferably, the auxiliary protection mechanism includes a pushing mechanism and a pressurizing mechanism, wherein the pushing mechanism causes the pressurizing mechanism to deform in order to increase the clamping force on the elastic traction mechanism.

[0020] Preferably, the pressurizing mechanism includes an adapter ring cavity, an annular groove, an elastic sheet, and an adapter port. The adapter ring cavity and the annular groove are both formed on the inner wall of the cylinder. The annular groove is connected to the adapter ring cavity. The elastic sheet is fixedly disposed on the adapter ring cavity. The adapter port is formed at the top of the cylinder, passes through the annular groove, and communicates with the adapter ring cavity. The pushing mechanism includes an electric push rod, a fixed plate, and a squeezing plug. The fixed plate is disposed in the adapter port. The electric push rod is mounted on the fixed plate, and the squeezing plug is movably sleeved in the adapter port. The free end of the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the squeezing plug. The squeezing plug is used to squeeze and deform the elastic sheet.

[0021] Preferably, the bottom of the cylinder is provided with an annular groove II, the outer side of the connector is fixedly connected with a sealing ring, the top of the sealing ring is movably sleeved in the annular groove II, and the top of the cylinder is provided with a vent hole.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. This invention constructs a three-level energy dissipation system consisting of an elastic tension mechanism (friction + main spring), a torsional energy dissipation mechanism (torsion spring + rotational friction), and a composite energy dissipation mechanism (sliding friction + spring + air compression injection). When the damping ring slides down the annular moving cavity, the three sets of energy dissipation mechanisms are triggered sequentially, intervene step by step, and release elastic and frictional energy synchronously, thereby achieving the dispersion absorption and continuous peak reduction of the falling kinetic energy. Compared with traditional tearing or single-spring buffer devices, the three-channel coupled energy dissipation of this invention can significantly reduce the initial impact peak, making the entire slow release process more stable and gentle, and greatly improving the protection of the human body.

[0024] 2. This invention employs a bidirectional triggerable structure in both the torsional energy dissipation mechanism and the composite energy dissipation mechanism: when the damping ring moves upward, it can trigger the torsion spring to rotate again, the friction plate to rub, and the air compression and jet to dissipate energy, thereby quickly releasing the reverse potential energy of the main spring. Moreover, this bidirectional energy dissipation mode of "downward peak shaving + upward damping" can suppress the rebound speed in a very short time, making the damping ring quickly stabilize, completely avoiding the whiplash effect such as secondary backflip and back impact commonly found in traditional elastic buffer devices, and effectively improving the life safety of construction personnel.

[0025] 3. This invention arranges temperature sensors on a torsional energy-consuming mechanism to automatically determine a fall event based on the instantaneous temperature rise caused by frictional heat. The control module triggers an alarm to provide an active warning. The computing unit can quantitatively analyze the slippage speed of the damping ring by detecting the activation time difference of multiple temperature sensors, thereby identifying "high-speed or high-risk falls". Once a high-risk fall is determined, the control module immediately activates the auxiliary protection mechanism. By pushing the mechanism to squeeze the elastic plate, it achieves lateral pressure clamping of the damping ring, providing greater braking force in extreme situations. This constructs an intelligent response system of "fall recognition, risk level judgment, and active pressure braking", enabling the device to adaptively adjust the braking force and significantly improving the safety redundancy in extreme fall scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the elastic traction mechanism and the central column of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the central column of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the torsional energy dissipation mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the composite energy-consuming mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the cylindrical body of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the actuating mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pressurization mechanism of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Cylinder; 2. Central column; 201. Column; 202. Assembly cavity; 203. Mounting hole; 204. Annular cavity; 205. Slit; 3. Elastic traction mechanism; 301. Damping ring; 302. Traction cable; 303. Main spring; 4. Connector 1; 5. Connector 2; 6. Torsional energy dissipation mechanism; 601. Fixed shaft; 602. Sleeve; 603. Pulley; 604. Friction plate; 605. Torsional spring; 606. Damping seat; 7. Composite energy dissipation mechanism. Mechanism; 701, movable plunger; 702, fixed ring; 703, spring one; 704, damping ring; 8, adapter cavity; 9, control module; 10, temperature sensor; 11, pushing mechanism; 1101, electric push rod; 1102, fixed plate; 1103, squeeze plug; 12, pressurizing mechanism; 1201, adapter ring cavity; 1202, ring groove; 1203, elastic sheet; 1204, adapter port; 13, ring groove two; 14, closed ring; 15, vent hole. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a safety protection device for mitigating the impact of falls on construction workers, including a cylinder 1. A central column 2 is fixedly connected inside the cylinder 1, forming an annular movable cavity between the central column 2 and the inner wall of the cylinder 1. An elastic traction mechanism 3 is slidably arranged in the annular movable cavity. One end of the elastic traction mechanism 3 is fixed in the cylinder 1, and the other end passes through the cylinder 1 and is fixedly connected to a connector 4. A connector 5 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder 1. A torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 and a composite energy dissipation mechanism 7 are provided on the outer side of the central column 2 along the moving path of the elastic traction mechanism 3. The torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 is used to convert the axial tension of the elastic traction mechanism 3 into the torsional deformation of the torsion spring 605 and rotational friction to dissipate energy. The composite energy dissipation mechanism 7 is used to further dissipate energy through sliding friction, elastic deformation and air compression injection when the elastic traction mechanism 3 continues to be stretched.

[0038] The damping ring 301 in the elastic traction mechanism 3 slides in the annular movable cavity to achieve frictional damping of the inner and outer walls. In the event of a fall, the human body drives the traction cable 302 in the elastic traction mechanism 3 to drive the damping ring 301 to slide along the annular movable cavity, and pulls the main spring 303 to stretch elastically, thereby releasing and cooperating with friction to convert elastic potential energy into heat energy and reduce subsequent vibration potential energy.

[0039] Example 1: Before working at height, the construction worker connects connector 2 5 of this device to a fixed anchor point such as a safety rope, and connects connector 1 4 to the D-ring on the safety belt worn by the construction worker. In the initial state, the elastic traction mechanism 3 is in an unstretched state, and its bottom closed ring 14 is fitted into the annular groove 2 13 at the bottom of the cylinder 1, effectively preventing dust and impurities from entering the device. When the construction worker accidentally falls, their weight generates a huge downward force, which pulls the traction cable 302 in the elastic traction mechanism 3 through connector 1 4. The traction cable 302 drives the damping ring 301 to slide downward along the annular movable cavity between the central column 2 and the cylinder 1. During this process, the damping ring 301 generates frictional damping with the inner and outer walls, while simultaneously pulling the main spring 303 to undergo elastic deformation. This stage achieves the first level of buffering through friction and the elastic deformation of the main spring 303, converting some kinetic energy into heat and elastic potential energy. The damping ring 301 continues to slide, contacting the first torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 set along the path of the central column 2. The damping ring 301 pushes the lever 603 in the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6, which in turn drives the sleeve 602 to rotate around the fixed axis 601. The rotation of the sleeve 602 simultaneously produces two energy dissipation effects: first, it causes the torsion spring 605 to undergo torsional deformation, storing energy; second, it drives... The friction plate 604 rotates and rubs within the matching arc groove of the damping seat 606, while the sleeve 602 itself rubs against the fixed shaft 601, rapidly converting kinetic energy into heat energy. Furthermore, after the damping ring 301 passes the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6, the torsion spring 605 in the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 idles and resets, releasing its stored elastic potential energy. The damping ring 301 continues to slide, passing the torsional mechanism and contacting the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7. The damping ring 301 pushes the movable plunger 701 in the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7, causing the movable plunger 701 to slide into the mounting hole 203, simultaneously generating three energy dissipation effects: first, compressing the spring 703 to store elastic potential energy; second... The first is the energy dissipation through friction between the movable plunger 701 and the inner wall of the mounting hole 203; the second is the compression of the air inside the mounting hole 203, with the compressed high-pressure air being ejected at high speed through the slit 205, thus achieving energy dissipation and heat dissipation through air compression; and when the damping ring 301 passes the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7, the spring 703 in the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7 disengages from the damping ring and resets itself, releasing the stored elastic potential energy; throughout the entire fall, the damping ring 301 will sequentially trigger multiple torsional energy dissipation mechanisms 6 and composite energy dissipation mechanisms 7 set along the way, achieving graded, continuous, and stable energy dissipation, keeping the huge impact force within a safe range that the human body can withstand.After the fall stops, the enormous elastic potential energy stored in the main spring 303 attempts to release, pushing the damping ring 301 to rebound in the opposite direction (upwards). During the upward movement of the damping ring 301, it again triggers the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 and the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7 in the reverse direction. These energy dissipation mechanisms also generate friction, torsion, and air compression damping during the reverse stroke, thereby quickly and effectively dissipating the elastic potential energy that the main spring 303 is trying to release. This bidirectional energy dissipation design allows the damping ring 301 to stabilize quickly, effectively avoiding the "whiplash effect" that could cause secondary injury to construction workers. Furthermore, both bidirectional energy dissipation mechanisms can release their internal elastic potential energy automatically after the damping ring 301 has passed over them.

[0040] To ensure that the composite energy-consuming mechanism 7 can stably generate air compression energy consumption during the bidirectional movement of the damping ring 301 (downward and upward), this embodiment defines the gas flow path between the mounting hole 203 and the annular cavity 204 as follows: the outer end of the mounting hole 203 is dynamically sealed by the cooperation of the movable plunger 701 and the damping ring 704, and the outlet end is a slit 205. The slit 205 is connected to the interior of the cylinder 1 through the connected assembly cavity 202 and is also connected to the vent hole 15, thus realizing the gas discharge path design. Furthermore, the slit 205 forms a throttling gap that limits the injection area. When the movable plunger 701 is squeezed by the damping ring 301, the gas in the mounting hole 203 forms a transient high pressure due to the decrease in volume. Under the throttling effect of slit 205, a directional high-speed airflow is generated, which flows from the mounting hole 203 through slit 205 into the assembly cavity 202, and then is discharged from the internal cavity of the cylinder 1 and the vent hole 15, realizing the simultaneous dissipation of energy from air compression and heat. When the high-pressure gas is ejected through slit 205, it satisfies Bernoulli's equation p + ½ρv²≈constant. The greater the pressure difference, the higher the ejection speed, thus achieving a significant air damping effect. During the upward movement of the damping ring 301, its upper edge can contact the lower end face of the movable plunger 701 again, causing the movable plunger 701 to compress the gas in the mounting hole 203 in the opposite direction, realizing bidirectional air damping. The spherical surface of the outer end of the movable plunger 701 is adapted to bidirectional extrusion.

[0041] The central column 2 includes a column body 201, an assembly cavity 202, a mounting hole 203, an annular cavity 204, and a slit 205. One end of the column body 201 is fixed inside the cylinder 1. The assembly cavity 202 and the mounting hole 203 are both opened and penetrate through the outer surface of the column body 201. The slit 205 is opened in the column body 201. The assembly cavity 202 communicates with the mounting hole 203 through the slit 205. The annular cavity 204 is opened inside the column body 201 and is located outside the mounting hole 203.

[0042] The central column 2 maintains the stable calibration sliding of the elastic traction mechanism 3. The assembly cavity 202 is used to assemble the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6. The mounting hole 203 and the annular cavity 204 are used to adapt the assembly of the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7. The slit 205 cooperates with the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7 to consume energy as air energy in the compressed state. The slit 205 cooperates with the sliding of the damping ring 301 to construct a changing closed chamber inside the cylinder 1. Utilizing the air compression effect of the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7, air energy is guided through the slit 205 into the upper part of the inner cavity of the cylinder 1 to complete synchronous heat dissipation and purging.

[0043] The elastic traction mechanism 3 includes a damping ring 301, a traction cable 302, and a main spring 303. The damping ring 301 is movably sleeved on the outside of the column 201. One end of the traction cable 302 is fixedly connected to the damping ring 301 and the other end passes through the cylinder 1. One end of the main spring 303 is fixed in the cylinder 1 and the other end is fixedly connected to the damping ring 301.

[0044] Connector 4 is used to connect to the traction cable 302, and the other end is used to connect to the D-ring on the worker's body to realize the assembly of the fall prevention and slow-release installation protection device, and connector 5 is used to connect to the safety rope.

[0045] The torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 includes a fixed shaft 601, a sleeve 602, a lever 603, a friction plate 604, a torsion spring 605, and a damping seat 606. The fixed shaft 601 is fixed in the assembly cavity 202. The sleeve 602 is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the fixed shaft 601. The torsion spring 605 is fixedly connected between the sleeve 602 and the inner wall of the assembly cavity 202. The lever 603 and the friction plate 604 are symmetrically distributed on the outside of the sleeve 602. The damping seat 606 is fixed in the assembly cavity 202. The friction plate 604 is located in the matching arc groove on the front of the damping seat 606.

[0046] The torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 is used to cooperate with the sliding damping ring 301. Under the sliding push of the damping ring 301, the pusher block 603 is pushed, causing the sleeve 602 to deflect, and the torsion spring 605 to twist. At the same time, the friction plate 604 deflects along the damping seat 606. Part of the kinetic energy of the damping ring 301 is consumed by the friction work of the damping ring 301 and the friction work of the friction plate 604, part is stored in the main spring 303, and another part is stored in the torsion spring 605. When the damping ring 301 continues to move past the upper torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6, the original torsion energy is dissipated. The torsion spring 605 separates from the damping ring 301 and independently rotates back to its original position, releasing the stored energy through idling. This achieves further slow-release processing and releases the energy as heat, rapidly reducing kinetic energy. After reducing kinetic energy, when the damping ring 301 is about to rebound through the main spring 303 and is ready to release the elastic potential energy stored in the main spring 303, the reverse-moving damping ring 301 again cooperates with the aforementioned system to achieve potential energy transfer, rapidly consuming the heat energy stored in the main spring 303. This allows the damping ring 301 to stabilize quickly, achieving buffer release and avoiding the whiplash effect.

[0047] To ensure that the torsion spring 605 can independently reset and release its stored energy after the damping ring 301 passes the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6, this embodiment further defines the contact method between the lever 603 and the inner ring of the damping ring 301 as follows: Both the upper and lower ends of the lever 603 are provided with guiding arc surfaces, and the edge of the inner ring of the damping ring 301 is also provided with an arc or inclined surface structure that cooperates with the guiding arc surface. When the damping ring 301 moves in the downward direction, its inner ring edge first contacts the upper arc surface of the lever 603, and under the guiding action of the arc surface, pushes the lever 603 to swing, causing the sleeve 602 to rotate around the fixed shaft 601 and driving the torsion spring 605 to torsion and store energy. When the damping ring 301 continues to descend and passes the position of the lever 603, the inner ring edge of the damping ring 301 completely disengages from the lever 603, and the lever 603, without continuous external force, releases its energy. Under the condition of remaining in a free state, the sleeve 602 rotates back along its original direction of rotation under the counter-torque of the torsion spring 605, realizing the "free-spinning reset" of the torsion spring 605. Since the damping ring 301 no longer contacts the lever 603 after the overshoot, there is no reverse resistance during the reset process of the sleeve 602, thus ensuring that the torsion spring 605 can fully release the stored energy and form effective energy dissipation. When the damping ring 301 moves upward under the reverse rebound force of the main spring 303, the reverse arc surface of its inner ring edge will contact the arc guide surface at the lower end of the lever 603 again, thereby pushing the lever 603 to swing in the opposite direction, causing the sleeve 602 to rotate in the opposite direction and causing the torsion spring 605 to generate reverse torsional deformation. Combined with the friction between the friction plate 604 and the damping seat 606, reverse energy dissipation is achieved in the same direction as the downward movement, thus forming "downward torsional energy dissipation + The bidirectional torsional damping system of "overshooting and freewheeling reset + upward reverse torsional energy dissipation" allows the rebound potential energy of the main spring 303 to be quickly consumed during the upward phase, effectively avoiding the generation of whiplash effect.

[0048] The composite energy-consuming mechanism 7 includes a movable plunger 701, a fixed ring 702, a spring 703, and a damping ring 704. The movable plunger 701 is movably sleeved in the mounting hole 203, the fixed ring 702 is fixedly sleeved in the mounting hole 203, the spring 703 is fixedly connected between the fixed ring 702 and the movable plunger 701, and the damping ring 704 is fixedly sleeved in the ring cavity 204.

[0049] The composite energy dissipation mechanism 7 is used to further dissipate energy. When the damping ring 301 slides, it pushes the movable plunger 701, and the movable plunger 701 slides along the mounting hole 203, compressing the spring 703. At the same time, it compresses the air inside the mounting hole 203, and the compressed air is ejected at high speed and high pressure through the slit 205, so that part of the external energy is transferred to the spring 703, and part of the frictional heat energy of the movable plunger 701 is released. Some of the energy is released as air heat energy. After the damping ring 301 passes the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7, the spring 703 and the movable plunger 701 are disengaged from the elastic pulling mechanism 3. The spring 703 elastically resets itself to release the energy stored in the device, realizing the weakening of kinetic energy in the downward phase. At the same time, the upward rebound phase realizes the rapid consumption of the elastic potential energy of the main spring 303 again.

[0050] The central column 2 has an adapter cavity 8 at its top, a control module 9 is installed in the adapter cavity 8, an alarm is installed at the top of the control module 9, and a temperature sensor 10 is fixedly installed on one side of the torsional energy-consuming mechanism 6.

[0051] The adapter cavity 8 is used to accommodate the assembly of the control module 9, and the battery provides power. The control module 9 senses and processes the temperature value of the temperature sensor 10, which is specifically mounted on the damping seat 606 and senses the rotational friction heat of the friction plate 604. It identifies the activation of the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6, and the control module 9 obtains the value of the temperature sensor 10 and determines that a fall has occurred, and causes the alarm electrically connected to it to sound an alarm.

[0052] The control module 9 also includes a calculation unit, and the top of the cylinder 1 is equipped with an auxiliary protection mechanism. The calculation unit records the start-up time difference of the two temperature sensors 10 and activates the auxiliary protection mechanism when the start-up time difference reaches a set value. The auxiliary protection mechanism includes a pushing mechanism 11 and a pressurizing mechanism 12. The pushing mechanism 11 pushes the pressurizing mechanism 12 to deform in order to increase the clamping force on the elastic tensioning mechanism 3.

[0053] The control module 9 is also used to calculate the time difference of the sensing state of adjacent temperature sensors 10. When the start time of the adjacent torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 is less than the preset time difference value, it is judged as a high-risk fall and the auxiliary protection mechanism is activated. This causes the auxiliary protection mechanism to deform on the moving path of the damping ring 301, presses and clamps the moving damping ring 301 from the outside, provides a stronger clamping force, improves the suppression effect on the damping ring 301, realizes high-risk fall and completes rapid slow release stabilization.

[0054] The pressurizing mechanism 12 includes an adapter annular cavity 1201, an annular groove 1202, an elastic plate 1203, and an adapter port 1204. The adapter annular cavity 1201 and the annular groove 1202 are both formed on the inner wall of the cylinder 1. The annular groove 1202 communicates with the adapter annular cavity 1201. The elastic plate 1203 is fixedly mounted on the adapter annular cavity 1201. The adapter port 1204 is formed at the top of the cylinder 1, passes through the annular groove 1202, and connects to the adapter annular cavity 1201. 1. Connecting; The pushing mechanism 11 includes an electric push rod 1101, a fixed plate 1102, and a compression plug 1103. The fixed plate 1102 is disposed in the adapter port 1204. The electric push rod 1101 is mounted on the fixed plate 1102, and the compression plug 1103 is movably sleeved in the adapter port 1204. The free end of the electric push rod 1101 is fixedly connected to the compression plug 1103. The compression plug 1103 is used to squeeze and deform the elastic sheet 1203.

[0055] The pressurizing mechanism 12 is inserted into the adapter ring cavity 1201 along the adapter port 1204 by the pushing mechanism 11, and squeezes and pushes the outer elastic plate 1203 to deform and bend laterally, and bends inward to reduce the movement of the damping ring 301, thereby achieving further clamping, providing lateral pressure, completing the pressurizing and clamping process of the damping ring 301, further reducing kinetic energy, and achieving slow release. Specifically, the pushing mechanism 11 pushes the squeezing plug 1103 to move through the electric push rod 1101, and the squeezing plug 1103 has a wedge-shaped surface to adapt to the insertion of the adapter ring cavity 1201, and gradually increases the pushing and deformation ability of the elastic plate 1203.

[0056] The bottom of the cylinder 1 is provided with an annular groove 13, the outer side of the connector 4 is fixedly connected with a sealing ring 14, the top of the sealing ring 14 is movably sleeved in the annular groove 13, and the top of the cylinder 1 is provided with a vent hole 15.

[0057] By adapting the second annular groove 13 to the sleeve of the closed ring 14, when no actual fall occurs, the closed ring 14 adapts to the initial state of the main spring 303 and is sleeved in the second annular groove 13, thereby achieving the sealing of the bottom of the cylinder 1 and allowing surface impurities to enter the cylinder 1.

[0058] Example 2: When the friction plate 604 of the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 generates heat through friction, the temperature sensor 10 fixed on one side (on the damping seat 606) will detect the instantaneous temperature rise. The temperature sensor 10 immediately sends this signal to the control module 9 in the adapter cavity 8. The control module 9 determines that a fall event has occurred and immediately activates the alarm on its top to issue an audible and visual alarm so as to promptly notify companions or rescue personnel. The calculation unit in the control module 9 will continue to work. When the damping ring 301 slides down at high speed and triggers two (or more) temperature sensors 10 in sequence, the calculation unit will record the time difference between their activation. The calculation unit will then compare this time difference with... If the time difference is less than the preset threshold (indicating that the damping ring 301 is moving at an extremely high speed, i.e., a high-risk fall has occurred), the control module 9 will immediately activate the auxiliary protection mechanism. The electric push rod 1101 in the push mechanism 11 of the auxiliary protection mechanism will be activated, which will push the squeeze plug 1103 into the adapter ring cavity 1201 of the pressurization mechanism 12 along the adapter port 1204. The squeeze plug 1103 will squeeze the elastic plate 1203 to bend and deform inward. The elastic plate 1203 will apply an additional lateral clamping force to the damping ring 301 that is sliding at high speed from the inner wall of the cylinder 1, which will greatly improve the friction damping and achieve rapid braking and stability in high-risk situations.

[0059] To enable the control module 9 to make a feasible and quantifiable determination of the falling speed, this embodiment further defines the determination mechanism of the trigger time difference of the temperature sensor 10 as follows: When each torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 is triggered by the damping ring 301, its friction plate 604 and damping seat 606 generate instantaneous frictional heating. When the temperature sensor 10 detects that the temperature reaches the set threshold T0, it outputs a trigger signal. Let the center distance between two adjacent sets of torsional energy dissipation mechanisms 6 arranged along the downward path of the damping ring 301 be L. When the trigger time difference between two adjacent temperature sensors 10 is Δt, the average downward speed of the damping ring 301 in this section can be obtained based on the average speed estimation formula v≈L / Δt.

[0060] In this embodiment, Δt is compared with a preset threshold Δt0. When Δt ≤ Δt0, it is determined that the falling speed has reached a high-risk level, indicating that the tension applied by the traction cable 302 to the damping ring 301 has increased dramatically and the elastic traction mechanism 3 is in a limit state. At this time, the control module 9 immediately activates the auxiliary protection mechanism, so that the elastic plate 1203 applies additional lateral pressure friction to the damping ring 301 to achieve rapid braking and redundant protection.

[0061] Working principle and usage process of this invention:

[0062] Preparation and Connection:

[0063] Before working at height, the construction workers connect the second connector 5 of this device to the fixed anchor point such as the safety rope, and connect the first connector 4 to the D-ring on the safety belt worn by the construction workers. In the initial state, the elastic traction mechanism 3 is in an unstretched state, and its bottom closed ring 14 is fitted into the ring groove 13 at the bottom of the cylinder 1, which effectively prevents dust and impurities from entering the inside of the device.

[0064] The fall occurs (Phase 1: Initial cushioning and frictional energy dissipation):

[0065] When a construction worker accidentally falls, their weight generates a huge downward force, which pulls the traction cable 302 in the elastic traction mechanism 3 through the connector 4. The traction cable 302 drives the damping ring 301 to slide downward along the annular movable cavity between the central column 2 and the cylinder 1. During this process, the damping ring 301 generates frictional damping with the inner and outer walls, and at the same time pulls the main spring 303 to undergo elastic deformation. This stage achieves the first stage of buffering through friction and the elastic deformation of the main spring 303, converting some kinetic energy into heat energy and elastic potential energy.

[0066] During the fall (second stage: torsional multi-stage energy dissipation):

[0067] As the damping ring 301 continues to slide, it contacts the first torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 set along the path of the central column 2. The damping ring 301 pushes the lever 603 in the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6, and the lever 603 drives the sleeve 602 to rotate around the fixed shaft 601. The rotation of the sleeve 602 will produce two energy dissipation effects at the same time: first, it causes the torsion spring 605 to undergo torsional deformation and store energy; second, it drives the friction plate 604 to rotate and rub in the matching arc groove of the damping seat 606, and the sleeve 602 itself rubs against the fixed shaft 601 to dissipate energy, quickly converting kinetic energy into heat energy; and when the damping ring 301 passes the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6, the torsion spring 605 in the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 rotates and resets, releasing the stored elastic potential energy on its own.

[0068] During the fall (third stage: composite multi-stage energy consumption):

[0069] As the damping ring 301 continues to slide past the torsion mechanism, it contacts the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7. The damping ring 301 pushes the movable plunger 701 in the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7, and the movable plunger 701 slides into the mounting hole 203, simultaneously generating three energy dissipation effects: first, compressing the spring 703 and storing elastic potential energy; second, the movable plunger 701 dissipates energy through friction with the inner wall of the mounting hole 203; and third, compressing the air inside the mounting hole 203. The compressed high-pressure air is ejected at high speed through the slit 205, achieving air compression energy dissipation and heat dissipation. Furthermore, after the damping ring 301 passes the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7, the spring 703 in the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7 disengages from the damping ring and resets itself, releasing the stored elastic potential energy.

[0070] Throughout the fall, the damping ring 301 will sequentially trigger multiple torsional energy dissipation mechanisms 6 and composite energy dissipation mechanisms 7 set along the way, so as to achieve graded, continuous and stable energy dissipation and control the huge impact force within a safe range that the human body can withstand.

[0071] Intelligent monitoring and proactive alarm:

[0072] In the second stage, when the friction plate 604 of the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 generates heat through friction, the temperature sensor 10 fixed on one side (on the damping seat 606) will detect the instantaneous increase in temperature. The temperature sensor 10 will immediately send this signal to the control module 9 in the adapter cavity 8. The control module 9 will determine that a fall event has occurred and immediately activate the alarm on its top to issue an audible and visual alarm so as to notify companions or rescuers in time.

[0073] High-risk fall and auxiliary braking:

[0074] The calculation unit in the control module 9 will work continuously. When the damping ring 301 slides down at high speed and triggers two (or more) temperature sensors 10 in sequence, the calculation unit will record the time difference between their activation. The calculation unit will compare this time difference with a preset threshold. If the time difference is less than the set value (indicating that the damping ring 301 is moving at an extremely high speed, i.e., a high-risk fall has occurred), the control module 9 will immediately activate the auxiliary protection mechanism. The electric push rod 1101 in the push mechanism 11 of the auxiliary protection mechanism will be activated, which will push the squeeze plug 1103 into the adapter ring cavity 1201 of the pressurization mechanism 12 along the adapter port 1204. The squeeze plug 1103 will squeeze the elastic plate 1203 to bend and deform inward. The elastic plate 1203 will apply an additional lateral clamping force from the inner wall of the cylinder 1 to the damping ring 301 that is sliding at high speed, which will greatly improve the friction damping and achieve rapid braking and stability in high-risk situations.

[0075] Fall stop (to prevent the whiplash effect):

[0076] After the fall stops, the huge elastic potential energy stored in the main spring 303 attempts to be released, pushing the damping ring 301 to rebound in the opposite direction (upward). During the upward movement of the damping ring 301, it will trigger the torsional energy dissipation mechanism 6 and the composite energy dissipation mechanism 7 again in the opposite direction. These energy dissipation mechanisms will also generate friction, torsion and air compression damping in the reverse stroke, thereby quickly and effectively dissipating the elastic potential energy that the main spring 303 is trying to release. This bidirectional energy dissipation design allows the damping ring 301 to stabilize quickly, effectively avoiding the "whiplash effect" that would cause secondary injury to construction workers. Moreover, both bidirectional energy dissipation mechanisms can release their internal elastic potential energy on their own after the damping ring 301 passes over it.

Claims

1. A fall impact mitigation safety protection device for construction workers, comprising a cylinder (1), characterized in that: A central column (2) is fixedly connected inside the cylinder (1), and an annular movable cavity is formed between the central column (2) and the inner wall of the cylinder (1); An elastic traction mechanism (3) is slidably provided in the annular movable cavity. One end of the elastic traction mechanism (3) is fixed in the cylinder (1), and the other end passes through the cylinder (1) and is fixedly connected to a connector (4). The top of the cylinder (1) is fixedly connected to a connector two (5); The outer side of the central column (2) is provided with a torsion energy dissipation mechanism (6) and a composite energy dissipation mechanism (7) along the moving path of the elastic traction mechanism (3). The torsional energy dissipation mechanism (6) is used to convert the axial tension of the elastic traction mechanism (3) into the torsional deformation of the torsion spring (605) and rotational friction to dissipate energy. The composite energy dissipation mechanism (7) is used to further dissipate energy through sliding friction, elastic deformation and air compression injection when the elastic traction mechanism (3) continues to stretch.

2. The construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central column (2) includes a column body (201), an assembly cavity (202), a mounting hole (203), an annular cavity (204), and a slit (205). One end of the column body (201) is fixed inside the cylinder (1). The assembly cavity (202) and the mounting hole (203) are both opened and penetrate the outer surface of the column body (201). The slit (205) is opened in the column body (201). The assembly cavity (202) is connected to the mounting hole (203) through the slit (205). The annular cavity (204) is opened inside the column body (201) and located outside the mounting hole (203).

3. The construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The elastic traction mechanism (3) includes a damping ring (301), a traction cable (302), and a main spring (303). The damping ring (301) is movably sleeved on the outside of the column (201). One end of the traction cable (302) is fixedly connected to the damping ring (301) and the other end passes through the cylinder (1). One end of the main spring (303) is fixed in the cylinder (1) and the other end is fixedly connected to the damping ring (301).

4. The construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The torsional energy dissipation mechanism (6) includes a fixed shaft (601), a sleeve (602), a lever (603), a friction plate (604), a torsion spring (605), and a damping seat (606). The fixed shaft (601) is fixed in the assembly cavity (202). The sleeve (602) is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the fixed shaft (601). The torsion spring (605) is fixedly connected between the sleeve (602) and the inner wall of the assembly cavity (202). The lever (603) and the friction plate (604) are symmetrically distributed on the outside of the sleeve (602). The damping seat (606) is fixed in the assembly cavity (202). The friction plate (604) is located in the matching arc groove on the front of the damping seat (606).

5. The construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The composite energy-consuming mechanism (7) includes a movable plunger (701), a fixed ring (702), a spring (703), and a damping ring (704). The movable plunger (701) is movably sleeved in the mounting hole (203), the fixed ring (702) is fixedly sleeved in the mounting hole (203), the spring (703) is fixedly connected between the fixed ring (702) and the movable plunger (701), and the damping ring (704) is fixedly sleeved in the ring cavity (204).

6. The construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the central column (2) is provided with an adapter cavity (8), and a control module (9) is provided in the adapter cavity (8). An alarm is provided on the top of the control module (9), and a temperature sensor (10) is fixedly installed on one side of the torsional energy-consuming mechanism (6).

7. The construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control module (9) is also provided with a calculation unit, and the top of the cylinder (1) is provided with an auxiliary protection mechanism. The calculation unit records the start-up time difference of the two temperature sensors (10) and starts the auxiliary protection mechanism when the start-up time difference reaches the set value.

8. The construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The auxiliary protection mechanism includes a pushing mechanism (11) and a pressurizing mechanism (12), wherein the pushing mechanism (11) pushes the pressurizing mechanism (12) to deform in order to increase the clamping force on the elastic traction mechanism (3).

9. The construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pressurizing mechanism (12) includes an adapter ring cavity (1201), an annular groove (1202), an elastic plate (1203), and an adapter port (1204). The adapter ring cavity (1201) and the annular groove (1202) are both formed on the inner wall of the cylinder (1). The annular groove (1202) is connected to the adapter ring cavity (1201). The elastic plate (1203) is fixedly disposed on the adapter ring cavity (1201). The adapter port (1204) is formed at the top of the cylinder (1) and passes through the annular groove (1202) and connects to the adapter ring cavity (1201). 1) Connecting; The pushing mechanism (11) includes an electric push rod (1101), a fixed plate (1102) and a squeezing plug (1103). The fixed plate (1102) is disposed in the adapter port (1204). The electric push rod (1101) is mounted on the fixed plate (1102), and the squeezing plug (1103) is movably sleeved in the adapter port (1204). The free end of the electric push rod (1101) is fixedly connected to the squeezing plug (1103). The squeezing plug (1103) is used to squeeze and push the elastic sheet (1203) to deform.

10. The construction worker fall impact mitigation safety protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the cylinder (1) is provided with an annular groove (13), and the outer side of the connector (4) is fixedly connected with a sealing ring (14). The top of the sealing ring (14) is movably sleeved in the annular groove (13), and the top of the cylinder (1) is provided with a vent hole (15).

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