High-precision size measurement method and system applied to crack

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of model construction, in particular to a high-precision size measurement method and system applied to cracks. The method comprises the following steps that geological radar data are collected in real time through electromagnetic waves with multiple preset frequencies, and the collected geological radar data are preprocessed; the reflection characteristic difference of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies at different depth positions of the geological fracture is analyzed, and depth layers of the geological fracture are divided; acquiring the propagation reliability of electromagnetic waves with different frequencies in different depth layers, and performing weighted fusion on the electromagnetic propagation speed of each depth position based on the reliability to obtain a corrected electromagnetic propagation speed; and on the basis of the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed, crack contour and boundary features are extracted through a deep learning method to construct a three-dimensional crack model, so that the measurement of the crack size is realized. According to the invention, the measurement error of the crack size is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of model construction, in particular to a high-precision measurement method and system applied to the size of a fracture. BACKGROUND

[0002] Geological fractures refer to natural or artificial fractures caused by factors such as stress generated by crustal movement, weathering and erosion of rocks, dissolution of underground water, and human engineering activities such as mining and tunnel excavation. Accurate fracture size data helps to effectively assess and prevent geological disasters, ensure the safety of engineering structures, and help geologists and engineers accurately determine the stability of rocks or strata, providing key basis for the design and construction of underground engineering. With the development of electromagnetic wave detection technology, geological radar is increasingly widely used in geological fracture detection. Geological radar can effectively detect the position, depth and width of underground fractures by emitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves and using the reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves in underground media.

[0003] In the prior art, the size of a geological fracture is measured by emitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves and receiving their reflected signals. When electromagnetic waves propagate underground, they are reflected at the fracture. According to the propagation time, amplitude and frequency of the reflected waves, combined with the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in geology, the depth, width and shape of the fracture can be measured. However, when the fracture is filled with other substances (such as water, mud, etc.) due to dissolution of underground water or underground engineering, the electromagnetic properties of the filling material are different, which affects the reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves at the fracture, changes the reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves at the fracture, and causes measurement errors. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the technical problem of reducing fracture size measurement error, the purpose of the present application is to provide a high-precision measurement method and system applied to the size of a fracture, and the technical solution adopted is as follows: In a first aspect, the present application provides a high-precision measurement method applied to the size of a fracture, which comprises: Real-time collection of geological radar data by presetting electromagnetic waves of multiple frequencies, and preprocessing of the collected geological radar data; Analysis of the reflection characteristic differences of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depth positions of a geological fracture, and division of the depth layers of the geological fracture; Obtaining the reliability of the propagation of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies in different depth layers, and weighting and fusing the electromagnetic propagation speed of each depth position based on the reliability to obtain a corrected electromagnetic propagation speed; Based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed, extracting the fracture contour and boundary features by a deep learning method to construct a three-dimensional fracture model, thereby realizing the measurement of the size of a geological fracture.

[0005] In some embodiments, the real-time collection of ground penetrating radar data by presetting multiple frequencies of electromagnetic waves comprises: presetting radar antennas of at least two different frequencies to construct a multi-frequency integrated collection device; starting the multi-frequency integrated collection device to simultaneously emit preset multiple frequencies of electromagnetic waves and receive reflected signals in real time within a preset measurement area; real-time recording of the propagation time and amplitude information of the reflected signals of different frequency electromagnetic waves, and immediate storage of the collected multi-frequency ground penetrating radar data.

[0006] In some embodiments, the preprocessing of the collected ground penetrating radar data comprises: removing invalid data segments in the collected ground penetrating radar data, and using filtering techniques to remove system inherent noise in the ground penetrating radar data, reducing the interference of the device itself on the signal; identifying and removing repeated background reflection signals in the ground penetrating radar data, highlighting valid reflection information related to geological fractures; using time domain or frequency domain processing methods to suppress high frequency clutter and low frequency drift trends in the ground penetrating radar data, and improve signal clarity; analyzing the signal intensity differences of different frequency ground penetrating radar data, and adjusting the gain parameters of each frequency ground penetrating radar data to keep the signal amplitudes of different frequencies consistent.

[0007] In some embodiments, the analysis of the reflection characteristic differences of different frequencies of electromagnetic waves at different depth positions of geological fractures to divide the depth layers of geological fractures comprises: analyzing the reflection characteristics of each frequency of electromagnetic waves at each depth position of geological fractures to obtain the medium boundary characteristics corresponding to each depth position; comprehensively analyzing the medium boundary characteristics of each depth position obtained by all frequencies of electromagnetic waves to calculate the layering degree of each depth position; taking the depth positions with layering degrees exceeding a preset layering degree threshold as layering positions of geological fractures, and dividing the continuous depth positions between adjacent two layering positions into the same depth layer to complete the division of the depth layers of geological fractures.

[0008] In some embodiments, the reliability of different frequencies of electromagnetic waves propagating in different depth layers comprises: for each depth layer, analyzing the sensitivity of each frequency of electromagnetic waves to the change of geological composition in the depth layer; for each depth layer, analyzing the attenuation characteristics of each frequency of electromagnetic waves in the depth layer; According to the sensitivity and the attenuation characteristics, a propagation performance of a geological composition of the depth layer to an electromagnetic wave of a corresponding frequency is calculated.

[0009] In some embodiments, the reliability of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave of different frequencies in different depth layers further comprises: determining a layering degree of each depth layer boundary depth position; calculating a mean value of a propagation performance of a geological composition of each depth layer to an electromagnetic wave of a corresponding frequency; According to the layering degree, the propagation performance, and the mean value, the reliability of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave of each frequency in the corresponding depth layer is calculated.

[0010] In some embodiments, the weighted fusion of the electromagnetic propagation speed of each depth position based on the reliability to obtain a corrected electromagnetic propagation speed comprises: determining a total number of frequencies of the electromagnetic wave used in the process of detecting geological cracks; determining a depth layer to which each depth position belongs; obtaining the reliability of the propagation of the electromagnetic wave of each frequency in the depth layer to which each depth position belongs; obtaining the electromagnetic propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave of each frequency at each depth position.

[0011] In some embodiments, the weighted fusion of the electromagnetic propagation speed of each depth position based on the reliability to obtain a corrected electromagnetic propagation speed further comprises: for each depth position, corresponding multiplication of the reliability of the electromagnetic wave of each frequency in the depth layer to which the depth position belongs and the electromagnetic propagation speed of the frequency electromagnetic wave at the depth position is performed to obtain a product result corresponding to each frequency; summing the product results corresponding to all frequencies at each depth position to obtain a product total sum of the depth position; summing the reliabilities corresponding to all frequencies at each depth position to obtain a reliability total sum of the depth position; determining the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed of the depth position according to the product total sum and the reliability total sum.

[0012] In some embodiments, based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed, a deep learning method is used to extract crack profile and boundary features to construct a three-dimensional crack model, thereby realizing the measurement of the size of the geological cracks, comprising: Based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed, a deep learning method is used to extract reflection interfaces and crack profiles from preprocessed geological radar data, identify boundary and morphological features of geological cracks, and obtain two-dimensional profile data of geological cracks. The two-dimensional profile data is converted into a three-dimensional fracture model by using an interpolation algorithm, and a size data of the geological fracture is calculated based on the three-dimensional fracture model by using a preset tool.

[0013] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a system for high-precision measurement of the size of a fracture, which comprises the following modules: The acquisition module is configured to acquire geological radar data in real time by using electromagnetic waves of a plurality of preset frequencies, and to pre-process the acquired geological radar data. The analysis module is configured to analyze the reflection characteristic differences of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depth positions of the geological fracture, and to divide the geological fracture depth layers. The calculation module is configured to obtain the reliability of the propagation of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depth layers, and to perform weighted fusion on the electromagnetic propagation velocities of the different depth positions based on the reliability to obtain a corrected electromagnetic propagation velocity. The generation module is configured to extract fracture contour and boundary features by using a deep learning method based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation velocity, and to construct a three-dimensional fracture model.

[0014] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, which comprises a memory and a processor, and the memory stores executable code, and the processor executes the executable code to implement the embodiments of each possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, which comprises computer program code, and when the computer program code runs on a computer, the computer executes the method in the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.

[0016] In a fifth aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed in a computer, the computer executes the embodiments of each possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0017] The embodiments of the present application have at least the following beneficial effects: The embodiments of the present application collect and pre-process geological radar data by using multi-frequency electromagnetic waves, exclude noise and invalid signals, lay a foundation for accurate analysis, analyze the reflection characteristic differences of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depths of the fracture, construct a dynamic mapping model by using formulas such as medium boundary characteristics and layering degree, and quantify the influence of geological composition on electromagnetic wave propagation, then perform weighted fusion on multi-frequency data based on the model, improve the data reliability by using a corrected electromagnetic propagation velocity formula, finally automatically extract the reflection interface and fracture contour, and generate a result by using three-dimensional modeling. The embodiments of the present application greatly improve the accuracy, stability and dimensional integrity of the size measurement of geological fractures, and provide key data support for geological disaster assessment and engineering safety. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for high-precision measurement of crack dimensions provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of a high-precision crack dimension measurement system provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a high-precision measurement method and system for crack dimensions proposed according to the present invention.

[0021] In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. The "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more.

[0023] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, with technological advancements and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0026] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a specific scheme for a high-precision measurement method and system for crack dimensions provided by the present invention.

[0027] Example 1: Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a high-precision crack dimension measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the following steps: S10. Real-time acquisition of ground-penetrating radar data is achieved by using electromagnetic waves of multiple preset frequencies, and the acquired ground-penetrating radar data is preprocessed.

[0028] First, based on the geological conditions of the measurement area, such as rock type and possible fracture depth, select at least two or more radar antennas of different frequencies to construct a multi-frequency integrated acquisition device. Different frequencies of electromagnetic waves have different characteristics. Low-frequency electromagnetic waves have strong penetrating power and are suitable for detecting deep fractures; high-frequency electromagnetic waves have high resolution and can clearly capture details of shallow fractures. Specifically, electromagnetic waves of frequencies such as 50MHz, 100MHz, 250MHz, 500MHz, and 1GHz can be selected, or the choice can be made according to actual needs.

[0029] Furthermore, after activating the multi-frequency integrated acquisition device, within the preset measurement area, the measurement lines should be arranged as perpendicular as possible to the crack extension direction. For large areas, a grid-like arrangement can be used to enhance the energy of the crack reflection signal, thereby acquiring data. Specifically, the multi-frequency integrated acquisition device can be installed on a measurement vehicle, and the scanning speed can be controlled, for example, 0.2–0.5 m / s, to ensure continuous sampling. The sampling interval can also be controlled, for example, 1–5 cm, to meet the identification requirements of cracks of different widths. The measurement vehicle is moved at a constant speed along the measurement line, and the multi-frequency integrated acquisition device is activated to emit multi-frequency electromagnetic waves. The propagation time of each frequency reflected wave is recorded in real time, i.e., the time from emission to reception of the electromagnetic wave, which is used for subsequent calculation of depth and amplitude information, i.e., the intensity of the reflected signal, reflecting the differences in the medium interface. The data is also stored immediately to avoid data loss.

[0030] Furthermore, the collected ground-penetrating radar data undergoes preprocessing. Invalid data segments refer to meaningless data resulting from equipment power outages, severe vibrations, etc., during the acquisition process, and must be thoroughly reviewed and removed. Inherent system noise is interference signals generated by the operation of the radar equipment's own electronic components, which can be removed using filtering techniques such as low-pass filtering and band-pass filtering. Repeated background reflections are repeated reflection signals from non-crack areas such as the ground and fixed rock strata, which are identified and removed through signal comparison to highlight effective signals related to cracks. High-frequency clutter is external electromagnetic interference, such as high-voltage lines and radio signals. Low-frequency drift is the slow baseline shift of the signal over time, which requires time-domain filtering, such as moving average filtering, or frequency-domain filtering, such as Fourier transform filtering, to suppress and improve signal clarity. Finally, due to the large differences in the initial amplitude of signals at different frequencies, it is necessary to analyze the signal strength of each frequency data and adjust the gain curve, such as amplifying weak signals and suppressing excessively strong signals, to unify the amplitude range of radar profile signals at different frequencies, ensuring consistency and comparability, and facilitating subsequent multi-frequency data comparison and analysis.

[0031] S11. Analyze the differences in reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depths of geological fractures, and classify the depth layers of geological fractures.

[0032] First, the reflection signals related to geological fractures were extracted from preprocessed electromagnetic waves of different frequencies, and irrelevant interference signals were eliminated. For each frequency of electromagnetic wave signal, the reflection signal morphology at different depths of the geological fracture was analyzed one by one. Due to the differences in water content, clay content, and other components at different depths of the fracture, the dielectric constant changes, causing the electromagnetic propagation speed to deviate from the assumption. Consequently, different frequency signals exhibit different electromagnetic characteristics when penetrating the same structure: within the same geological composition range, the electromagnetic wave signal changes according to certain rules; when encountering different geological compositions, the change in dielectric constant leads to changes in reflection characteristics, manifested as abrupt changes in signal amplitude and waveform.

[0033] Specifically, the reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves of each frequency at various depths of geological fractures are first analyzed to obtain the medium boundary characteristics corresponding to each depth. : in, Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first Medium boundary characteristics at various depth locations; Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first The fluctuation of reflected signals within a neighborhood of a depth location, for example, a neighborhood of 5 depth locations, that is, the variance of the amplitude of all reflected signals received at that location; Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first Fluctuations in the reflected signal in the neighborhood on the other side of a depth location; express Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first The overall fluctuation pattern of the reflected signals on both sides of a depth position indicates that the smaller the value, the more regular the changes in the signals on both sides. Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first The larger the value of the difference in fluctuations on both sides of a depth location, the more likely there is a change in geological composition at that location, i.e., a boundary between different media.

[0034] Furthermore, by combining the dielectric boundary characteristics obtained from electromagnetic waves of all frequencies at each depth, the degree of stratification at each depth is calculated. : in, Indicates the first Degree of layering at each depth location; This indicates the total number of frequencies of the detected electromagnetic waves; Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first Medium boundary characteristics at various depth locations; Indicates the first Electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency in the first Medium boundary characteristics at various depth locations.

[0035] Furthermore, the depth locations where the stratification exceeds a preset stratification threshold are designated as stratification points of the geological fracture. Continuous depth locations between two adjacent stratification points are divided into the same depth layer, thus completing the division of the geological fracture depth layers. The preset stratification threshold can be 0.7, or it can be adjusted according to actual needs. When the threshold of 0.7 is exceeded, it indicates that this depth location exhibits media boundary characteristics at all frequencies, and can be considered as the depth stratification point of the geological fracture, allowing for subsequent analysis of each layer separately. Simultaneously, by comparing the amplitude changes of electromagnetic wave reflection signals at different frequencies at the same depth location, the differences in waveform abrupt changes at the fracture interface are observed; the differences in the attenuation rate of different frequency signals with increasing depth are analyzed, revealing that high-frequency signals reflect rich details in shallow fracture regions, while low-frequency signals have strong penetrating power in deep fracture regions; the sensitivity of different frequencies to media boundaries is summarized, and their complementarity in reflecting fracture morphology is concluded.

[0036] S12. Obtain the reliability of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies propagating at different depth layers, and weight and fuse the electromagnetic propagation speed at each depth position based on the reliability to obtain the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed.

[0037] Specifically, if an electromagnetic wave of a certain frequency exhibits a strong regularity in its reflection characteristics with a small fluctuation amplitude as it penetrates a specific depth range, it indicates that the frequency is not sensitive to changes in the electromagnetic properties of the geological medium in that layer, meaning that the medium composition has a weak influence on its propagation. Such frequencies exhibit high signal stability in that depth layer and can be used as the preferred frequencies for extracting fracture information in that layer.

[0038] By analyzing the response characteristics of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies during propagation in underground media, their sensitivity to changes in geological composition is identified. : in, Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first Sensitivity to changes in geological composition at different depths; This indicates the total number of different depths within each depth layer; Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first In the depth layer, the first The standard deviation of the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave reflected signal at each depth location; Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first The mean of the standard deviation of amplitude at all depth locations within a depth layer. The smaller the value, the less sensitive the frequency is to changes in the geological composition of the layer, and the stronger the signal stability.

[0039] When electromagnetic waves propagate through underground media, energy absorption and scattering occur due to the physical properties of the medium, such as conductivity, permittivity, and magnetic permeability, causing the signal amplitude to gradually attenuate with increasing propagation distance. The degree of attenuation varies significantly among different frequencies of electromagnetic waves in the medium. By analyzing the attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic wave signals at different depths and frequencies, the physical properties of fractured media in various geological strata and their impact on electromagnetic wave propagation can be revealed. Based on the reflected signal amplitudes of different frequencies in each geological layer, the attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic wave signals of different frequencies within the same geological layer can be obtained. : in, Indicates the first Electromagnetic wave signals of a certain frequency in the first Attenuation characteristics of geological composition changes at different depths; This indicates the total number of different depths within each depth layer; This indicates a normalization operation. Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first In the depth layer, the first The amplitude difference between a depth position and its adjacent depth positions; Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first In the depth layer, the first The amplitude difference between a depth position and its adjacent depth positions. The smaller the value, the weaker the signal attenuation at that frequency in that layer, and the better the penetration effect.

[0040] Furthermore, by comparing the sensitivity and attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies in fracture signals in adjacent geological layers, the measurement performance of each frequency at different depths can be comprehensively evaluated. Frequencies exhibiting lower sensitivity and weaker attenuation indicate that they accurately capture fracture characteristics in that layer, have strong anti-interference capabilities, and high measurement reliability. The reliability of each frequency for each geological depth layer is obtained as follows: Based on the sensitivity and attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation at each frequency to changes in geological composition at each depth layer, the influence of geological composition at each depth layer on the propagation of electromagnetic wave signals at each frequency is obtained. : in, Indicates the first The geological composition changes at the depth layer affect the first The propagation effects of electromagnetic wave signals of various frequencies; Indicates the first In the detection of electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency, the first Sensitivity to changes in geological composition at different depths; Indicates the first Electromagnetic wave signals of a certain frequency in the first The attenuation characteristics of geological composition changes at different depths. The larger the value, the smaller the influence of geological components on the propagation of this frequency.

[0041] Based on the influence of geological composition at each depth layer on the propagation of electromagnetic wave signals of each frequency, the reliability of electromagnetic wave signal propagation at each geological depth layer is obtained. : in, Indicates the first Electromagnetic wave signals of a certain frequency in the first Reliability of propagation at each deep layer; Indicates the first The degree of layering at the depth position of the layer boundary; Indicates the first The geological composition changes at the depth layer affect the first The propagation effects of electromagnetic wave signals of various frequencies; Indicates the first The changes in geological composition between adjacent depths at the first depth layer affect the... The average value of the propagation effect of electromagnetic wave signals of various frequencies. The larger the value, the more reliable the measurement results for that frequency in that layer.

[0042] Furthermore, based on the reliability of electromagnetic wave signal measurements at each frequency for each geological structure layer of the fracture, the electromagnetic propagation velocity at each geological fracture depth is weighted and fused: in, Indicates the first Corrected electromagnetic propagation velocity at each depth position; This represents the total number of frequencies of the detected electromagnetic wave signals; Indicates the first Electromagnetic wave signals of a certain frequency in the first The reliability of propagation at the depth layer where each depth location is located; Indicates the first Electromagnetic wave signals of a certain frequency in the first Electromagnetic propagation speed at a depth location.

[0043] S13. Based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed, the crack contour and boundary features are extracted using deep learning methods to construct a three-dimensional crack model, thereby enabling the measurement of the geological crack size.

[0044] First, a pre-trained U-shaped Network (U-Net) deep learning model is invoked to convert the final measurement data into signal data conforming to the model's input format. For example, time-amplitude data is converted into a two-dimensional matrix and input into the model. The model extracts features from the signal data through convolutional and pooling layers, identifying features related to geological reflection interfaces, such as abrupt changes in signal amplitude and waveform transitions. Based on these features, the location of reflection interfaces in different geological layers is automatically marked, initially locating areas where cracks may exist, typically manifested as discontinuous or abnormally curved reflection interfaces. The signals from the initially located crack areas are further processed to identify differences in signal characteristics at crack boundaries, such as differences in signal amplitude and propagation speed on both sides of the crack. Combined with common crack morphological features, such as straight lines, curves, and branching cracks, the initially outlined two-dimensional contour is optimized and adjusted to eliminate irregularities caused by noise, outputting the final reflection interface location data and crack two-dimensional contour data.

[0045] Furthermore, the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed obtained by multi-frequency fusion is utilized. A piecewise integration method is employed for time-depth conversion correction: the electromagnetic wave propagation time integral at each spatial location is converted into a corresponding depth value, establishing an accurate time-depth mapping relationship. This addresses the wave velocity variation problem caused by medium inhomogeneity and ensures accurate depth positioning of the reflection interface. Next, the two-dimensional profile data of the crack is converted into a three-dimensional crack volume using Kriging interpolation, forming a high-resolution three-dimensional model.

[0046] Finally, a preset visualization tool, such as GOCAD visualization tool, is invoked to analyze the 3D model and calculate the key dimensional parameters of the crack, including but not limited to length, i.e., the horizontal extension distance of the crack; width, i.e., the maximum distance of the crack perpendicular to the extension direction; and dip angle, i.e., the angle between the crack and the horizontal direction and the orientation, i.e. the direction of crack extension. Finally, the geological crack size measurement results containing these parameters are generated.

[0047] Example 2: Please see Figure 2 This illustrates a high-precision measurement system for crack dimensions provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the system comprising: The acquisition module 20 is used to acquire ground-penetrating radar data in real time through electromagnetic waves of multiple preset frequencies, and to preprocess the acquired ground-penetrating radar data. Analysis module 21 is used to analyze the differences in reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depths of geological fractures, and to divide the geological fracture depth layers. The calculation module 22 is used to obtain the reliability of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies propagating at different depth layers, and to perform weighted fusion of the electromagnetic propagation speed at each depth position based on the reliability to obtain the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed. The generation module 23 is used to extract the crack contour and boundary features based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed using deep learning methods to construct a three-dimensional crack model, thereby enabling the measurement of the geological crack size.

[0048] Alternatively, the transmission medium may be a wired link, such as, but not limited to, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable and digital subscriber line, or a wireless link, such as, but not limited to, wireless Fidelity (WIFI), Bluetooth and mobile device networks.

[0049] It should be noted that the device provided in the above embodiments is only an example of the division of the above functional modules. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the computer device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. For example, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the computer device 30 includes: a memory 31, a processor 32, and a computer program 33 stored in the memory 31 and running on the processor 32, wherein when the processor 32 executes the computer program 33, the computer device can execute any of the aforementioned high-precision measurement methods for crack dimensions.

[0051] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention also protect an apparatus that may include a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores executable program code, and the processor is used to call and execute the executable program code to perform the high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions provided in embodiments of the present invention.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the device can be divided into functional modules according to the above method example. For example, each module can correspond to a separate function, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware. It should be noted that the module division in this embodiment is illustrative and is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0053] It should be understood that the apparatus provided in this embodiment of the invention is used to perform the above-described high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions, and therefore can achieve the same effect as the above-described implementation method.

[0054] When using integrated units, the device may include a processing module and a storage module. When applied to a device, the processing module can be used to control and manage the device's operations. The storage module can be used to support the device in executing program code, etc. The processing module may be a processor or a controller, which can implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits as described in this disclosure. The processor may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and a microprocessor, etc., and the storage module may be a memory.

[0055] In addition, the device provided in the embodiments of the present invention may specifically be a chip, component or module. The chip may include a connected processor and a memory. The memory is used to store instructions. When the processor calls and executes the instructions, the chip can execute the high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions provided in the above embodiments.

[0056] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program code. When the computer program code is run on a computer, the computer executes the aforementioned method steps to implement the high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions provided in the above embodiments.

[0057] This invention also provides a computer program product that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the aforementioned steps to implement the high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions provided in the above embodiments.

[0058] In this invention, the apparatus, computer-readable storage medium, computer program product, or chip provided in the embodiments are all used to execute the corresponding methods described above. Therefore, the beneficial effects they achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods described above, and will not be repeated here. Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method can be implemented in other ways.

[0059] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0060] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0061] It should be noted that the order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0062] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0063] The above content is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision method for measuring the size of cracks, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Ground-penetrating radar data is collected in real time using electromagnetic waves of multiple preset frequencies, and the collected ground-penetrating radar data is preprocessed. The differences in reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depths of geological fractures were analyzed to classify the depth layers of geological fractures. The reliability of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies propagating at different depth layers is obtained, and the electromagnetic propagation velocity at each depth position is weighted and fused based on the reliability to obtain the corrected electromagnetic propagation velocity. Based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed, the crack contour and boundary features are extracted using deep learning methods to construct a three-dimensional crack model, thereby enabling the measurement of the geological crack size.

2. The high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of acquiring ground-penetrating radar data in real time using electromagnetic waves of preset multiple frequencies includes: At least two different frequency radar antennas are preset to construct a multi-frequency integrated acquisition device; The multi-frequency integrated acquisition device is activated to simultaneously transmit multiple preset frequency electromagnetic waves within a preset measurement area and receive reflected signals in real time. It records the propagation time and amplitude information of electromagnetic wave reflection signals of different frequencies in real time, and stores the collected multi-frequency ground-penetrating radar data instantly.

3. The high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preprocessing of the acquired ground-penetrating radar data includes: Invalid data segments are removed from the collected ground-penetrating radar data, and filtering techniques are used to remove inherent system noise from the ground-penetrating radar data, thereby reducing interference from the equipment's own operation on the signal. Identify and remove duplicate background reflection signals from the ground-penetrating radar data, and highlight effective reflection information related to geological fractures; Time-domain or frequency-domain processing methods are used to suppress high-frequency clutter and low-frequency drift trends in the ground-penetrating radar data, thereby improving signal clarity. The signal strength differences of ground-penetrating radar data at different frequencies were analyzed, and the gain parameters of the ground-penetrating radar data at each frequency were adjusted to keep the signal amplitude consistent across different frequencies.

4. The high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analysis of the differences in reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depths of geological fractures, and the division of geological fracture depth layers, includes: The reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves of each frequency at various depths of geological fractures were analyzed to obtain the medium boundary characteristics corresponding to each depth. By combining the dielectric boundary characteristics at each depth location obtained from electromagnetic waves of all frequencies, the degree of stratification at each depth location is calculated. The depth location where the stratification exceeds a preset stratification threshold is taken as the stratification point of the geological fracture. The continuous depth locations between two adjacent stratification points are divided into the same depth layer, thus completing the division of the geological fracture depth layer.

5. The high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reliability of obtaining electromagnetic waves of different frequencies propagating at different depth layers includes: For each depth layer, the sensitivity of electromagnetic waves of each frequency to changes in geological composition within that depth layer was analyzed. For each depth layer, the attenuation characteristics of electromagnetic waves of each frequency within that depth layer are analyzed. Based on the sensitivity and attenuation characteristics, the propagation performance of the geological components of the depth layer to electromagnetic waves of the corresponding frequency is calculated.

6. The high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions according to claim 5, characterized in that, The reliability of obtaining the propagation of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depth layers also includes: Determine the degree of layering at the boundary depth location of each depth layer; Calculate the mean of the propagation performance of the geological components of adjacent depth layers above and below each depth layer on the corresponding frequency of electromagnetic waves; Based on the layering degree, the propagation performance degree, and the mean, the reliability of electromagnetic waves of each frequency propagating in the corresponding depth layer is calculated.

7. The high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of weighting and fusing the electromagnetic propagation velocities at each depth location based on the reliability to obtain the corrected electromagnetic propagation velocity includes: Determine the total number of frequencies of electromagnetic waves used in the process of detecting geological fractures; Determine the depth layer to which each depth location belongs; Obtain the reliability of electromagnetic waves of each frequency propagating through the depth layer at each depth location; Obtain the electromagnetic propagation speed of electromagnetic waves of each frequency at each depth location; Based on the reliability and the electromagnetic propagation speed, the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed at the depth position is determined.

8. The high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of determining the corrected electromagnetic propagation velocity at the depth position based on the reliability and the electromagnetic propagation velocity includes: For each depth location, the reliability of the electromagnetic wave of each frequency in the depth layer to which the depth location belongs is multiplied by the electromagnetic propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave of that frequency at the depth location to obtain the product result corresponding to each frequency. The sum of the products corresponding to all frequencies at each depth location is obtained by summing the products at the depth locations. The reliability corresponding to all frequencies at each depth location is summed to obtain the total reliability at that depth location; The corrected electromagnetic propagation velocity at the depth position is determined based on the sum of the products and the sum of the reliability.

9. The high-precision measurement method for crack dimensions according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation velocity, the crack contour and boundary features are extracted using deep learning methods to construct a three-dimensional crack model, thereby enabling the measurement of geological crack size. This includes: Based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed, a deep learning method is used to extract the reflection interface and crack outline from the preprocessed ground-penetrating radar data, identify the boundary and morphological characteristics of the geological cracks, and obtain two-dimensional profile data of the geological cracks. The two-dimensional profile data is converted into a three-dimensional fracture model using an interpolation algorithm, and the size data of the geological fracture is calculated based on the three-dimensional fracture model using a preset tool.

10. A high-precision measurement system for crack dimensions, characterized in that, The system includes the following modules: The acquisition module is used to acquire ground-penetrating radar data in real time using electromagnetic waves of multiple preset frequencies, and to preprocess the acquired ground-penetrating radar data. The analysis module is used to analyze the differences in reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies at different depths of geological fractures, and to divide the geological fracture depth layers. The calculation module is used to obtain the reliability of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies propagating at different depth layers, and to perform weighted fusion of the electromagnetic propagation speed at each depth position based on the reliability to obtain the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed. The generation module is used to extract crack contours and boundary features based on the corrected electromagnetic propagation speed using deep learning methods to construct a three-dimensional crack model.

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