Photoelectric double-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color and preparation method of photoelectric double-response color-changing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a photoelectric double-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color and a preparation method thereof, and relates to a double-response color-changing device and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the technical problem that a device lacks a double-response mode and neutral black color development in the field of intelligent window application. The photoelectric double-response color-changing device capable of realizing the neutral color is of a three-layer structure and comprises two conductive layers and an electrochromic / photochromic layer, the electrochromic / photochromic layer is arranged between the two conductive layers; and the electrochromic / photochromic layer is an electrochromic / photochromic solution or an electrochromic / photochromic gel. By introducing the semiconductor material, the generation and transmission capability of photo-induced electrons is remarkably enhanced, the photochromic efficiency of a composite system device is further improved, the structure is simple, a dual-response device with electrochromic and photochromic functions is realized, the device realizes neutral color, and the photochromic efficiency is improved. The material has the advantages of high response speed, good cycle stability and the like, and can be applied to intelligent windows and other energy-saving fields.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a dual-response color-changing device and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Electrochromism refers to a phenomenon that a material undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction under an applied voltage, so that the emission characteristics of the material are reversibly changed. Photochromism refers to a phenomenon that the molecular structure of some materials changes under the action of light of a certain wavelength and intensity, so that the absorption peak of light changes accordingly. Both of them change in appearance in terms of color and transparency of the material.

[0003] With the increasingly prominent problems of energy crisis and global warming, intelligent windows as an important technical means to reduce building energy consumption have attracted widespread attention. Traditional electrochromic materials such as WO3 and NiO are limited by long response time and limited reversible stability, so their application is restricted. In recent years, as an organic electrochromic material, viologen derivatives are considered as a candidate material for intelligent windows due to their rich color and fast response. However, the existing viologen derivatives are usually blue or red, and it is difficult to obtain a neutral gray-black state. In addition, pure photochromic materials (such as silver salt) have slow color-changing speed and are difficult to control, and cannot meet the dual functional requirements of electrochromism and photochromism. Therefore, it is of great technical significance to develop a new dual-response device that can undergo electrochromism by applying an external voltage and photochromism by applying light, and simultaneously realize a neutral gray-black color.

[0004] In addition, existing intelligent windows are mostly single-response mode, which cannot meet the requirements of full-spectrum regulation and neutral color display, restricting their actual application scenarios. Therefore, developing an intelligent window device with dual-response mode, neutral gray-black color display and cycle stability has become a technical problem urgently to be solved in the field. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to solve the technical problem of lack of dual-response mode and neutral black color display in the field of intelligent window application, and to provide a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] The present application significantly enhances the generation and transmission ability of photo-generated electrons by introducing a semiconductor material, thereby improving the photochromic efficiency of the composite system device. The present application has a simple structure and realizes a dual-response device with both electrochromic and photochromic functions. The device realizes neutral color and has the advantages of fast response speed and good cycle stability, and can be applied to energy-saving fields such as intelligent windows.

[0007] A photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color is a three-layer structure, comprising two conductive layers and an electrochromic / photochromic layer; the electrochromic / photochromic layer is arranged between the two conductive layers; the electrochromic / photochromic layer is an electrochromic / photochromic solution or an electrochromic / photochromic gel;

[0008] The electrochromic / photochromic solution is composed of a viologen derivative, a semiconductor material and an anion replacement material;

[0009] The electrochromic / photochromic gel is composed of a viologen derivative, a semiconductor material, an anion replacement material, polyvinyl alcohol and borax.

[0010] A preparation method of a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color, specifically completed by the following steps:

[0011] I. Two conductive electrodes are cleaned and dried to obtain two conductive layers;

[0012] II. An electrochromic / photochromic solution is prepared:

[0013] ① Two viologen derivatives of different colors are respectively dissolved in two portions of propylene carbonate solvent to obtain solution I and solution II;

[0014] ② Solution I and solution II are mixed uniformly according to the volume ratio (1-5):(1-5), then the semiconductor material and the anion replacement material are added and stirred uniformly to obtain the electrochromic / photochromic solution;

[0015] ③ Solution I and solution II are mixed uniformly according to the volume ratio (1-5):(1-5), then the semiconductor material, the anion replacement material, polyvinyl alcohol and borax are added and stirred uniformly to obtain the electrochromic / photochromic gel;

[0016] ④ Double-sided tape is used to paste around one conductive layer as a substrate, and the other conductive layer is arranged opposite to the substrate and pasted on the double-sided tape to obtain a device prototype; the electrochromic / photochromic solution or the electrochromic / photochromic gel is injected into the device prototype, and the device is packaged using curing glue to obtain the photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0018] The present application realizes the close transmittance modulation amplitude in the voltage and light driving modes through the synergistic design of the semiconductor material and two or more complementary color viologens, and the photoelectric dual response is complementary to each other; the photo-generated electron generation and transmission efficiency is greatly improved through the semiconductor material, thereby significantly enhancing the photochromic response speed and efficiency of the viologen derivative; the neutral gray black state is realized through the reasonable matching of the viologen derivative concentration and the solution volume ratio to realize the full-spectrum absorption, thereby meeting the large-amplitude dimming demand of the intelligent window; the device preparation process is simple, the reproducibility is high, and the device is easy to enlarge and industrialize. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The SEM photo of the nano zinc oxide used in the examples;

[0020] Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the photoelectric dual-response variable color device capable of realizing the neutral color in the present application, wherein 101 and 301 are conductive layers, and 201 is an electrochromic / photochromic layer;

[0021] Figure 3 The electrochromic transmittance modulation map of the photoelectric dual-response variable color device capable of realizing the neutral color prepared in Example 2;

[0022] Figure 4 The photochromic transmittance modulation map of the photoelectric dual-response variable color device capable of realizing the neutral color prepared in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Specific implementation one: the present implementation is a photoelectric dual-response variable color device capable of realizing the neutral color, which is a three-layer structure and contains two conductive layers and an electrochromic / photochromic layer; the electrochromic / photochromic layer is arranged between the two conductive layers; the electrochromic / photochromic layer is an electrochromic / photochromic solution or an electrochromic / photochromic gel;

[0024] The electrochromic / photochromic solution is composed of a viologen derivative, a semiconductor material and an anion replacement material;

[0025] The electrochromic / photochromic gel is composed of a viologen derivative, a semiconductor material, an anion replacement material, polyvinyl alcohol and borax.

[0026] Specific implementation two: the difference between the present implementation and specific implementation one is that the viologen derivative is at least two of the blue-violet viologen derivative, the red-violet viologen derivative and the green-violet viologen derivative. The other steps are the same as those in specific implementation one.

[0027] Specific embodiment three: the difference between this embodiment and one or two of the specific embodiments is that the blue-violet appearing viologen derivative is one or more of N-methyl viologen, N-ethyl viologen, N-propyl viologen, N-butyl viologen and N-benzyl viologen; the red-violet appearing viologen derivative is one or more of N-p-dimethylaminophenyl viologen, N-p-methoxyphenyl viologen, N-phenyl viologen and N-1-naphthyl viologen; the green-violet appearing viologen derivative is N-aryl-N'-alkyl viologen or a vinyl viologen / phenazine system with a methoxy or amino substituent. The other steps are the same as those in specific embodiments one or two.

[0028] Specific embodiment four: the difference between this embodiment and one to three of the specific embodiments is that the semiconductor material is a metal oxide, a chalcogenide semiconductor or a perovskite semiconductor; the metal oxide is TiO2, ZnO, WO3 or Cu2O; the chalcogenide semiconductor is cadmium sulfide or cadmium telluride; the perovskite semiconductor is formamidinium lead iodide or perovskite quantum dots. The other steps are the same as those in specific embodiments one to three.

[0029] Specific embodiment five: the difference between this embodiment and one to four of the specific embodiments is that the anion replacement material is phenazine, ferrocene, tetrathiafulvalene, a metal complex or a conjugated polymer; the metal complex is a metal dithiolene or a metal cyanide; the conjugated polymer is polythiophene or polyaniline. The other steps are the same as those in specific embodiments one to four.

[0030] Specific embodiment six: the difference between this embodiment and one to five of the specific embodiments is that the concentration of the viologen derivative in the electrochromic / photochromic solution is 0.001 mol / L to 0.1 mol / L, the mass fraction of the semiconductor material is 1% to 25%, and the concentration of the anion replacement material is 0.001 mol / L to 0.1 mol / L; the concentration of the viologen derivative in the electrochromic / photochromic gel is 0.001 mol / L to 0.1 mol / L, the mass fraction of the semiconductor material is 1% to 25%, the concentration of the anion replacement material is 0.001 mol / L to 0.1 mol / L, the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol is 5% to 10%, and the mass fraction of borax is 0.5% to 5%. The other steps are the same as those in specific embodiments one to five.

[0031] Specific embodiment seven: the difference between this embodiment and one to six of the specific embodiments is that the conductive layer is a semiconductor conductive electrode or a metal conductive electrode; the semiconductor conductive electrode is ITO, IGZO, FTO or AZO; the metal conductive electrode is a composite of one of Ag, Al and Cu and a conductive electrode. The other steps are the same as those in specific embodiments one to six.

[0032] Specific embodiment eight: the difference between this embodiment and one of the specific embodiments one to seven is that the photoelectric dual-response color-changing device is packaged and cured using ultraviolet curing glue around the periphery. The other steps are the same as those of specific embodiments one to seven.

[0033] Specific embodiment nine: this embodiment is a preparation method of a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color, which is completed according to the following steps:

[0034] I. Clean and dry two conductive electrodes to obtain two conductive layers;

[0035] II. Prepare an electrochromic / photochromic solution:

[0036] ①, Dissolve two different colored viologen derivatives into two propylene carbonate solvents respectively to obtain solution I and solution II;

[0037] ②, Mix solution I and solution II uniformly according to the volume ratio (1-5):(1-5), then add semiconductor materials and anion replacement materials, and stir uniformly to obtain an electrochromic / photochromic solution;

[0038] ③, Mix solution I and solution II uniformly according to the volume ratio (1-5):(1-5), then add semiconductor materials, anion replacement materials, polyvinyl alcohol and borax, and stir uniformly to obtain an electrochromic / photochromic gel;

[0039] ④, Use double-sided tape to paste around one of the conductive layers as a substrate, and then place the other conductive layer opposite to the substrate and paste it on the double-sided tape to obtain a device prototype; inject the electrochromic / photochromic solution or the electrochromic / photochromic gel into the device prototype, and then use curing glue to package the device, and cure to obtain a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color.

[0040] Specific embodiment ten: the difference between this embodiment and one of the specific embodiments one to nine is that the cleaning in step one is to clean the two conductive electrodes with acetone, ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol in sequence; the thickness of the double-sided tape in step two ④ is 100 µm; and the curing time in step two ④ is 0.5 min to 10 min. The other steps are the same as those of specific embodiments one to nine.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present application are verified by the following examples:

[0042] Example 1: a preparation method of a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color, which is completed according to the following steps:

[0043] I. Preparation of 1,1'-di(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethene dibromide (DHH-V):

[0044] ①, 1.26 g of 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethene was dissolved in 20 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, stirred for 30 min to obtain solution A;

[0045] ②, 5.00 g of 6-bromohexanol was dissolved in 25 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain solution B;

[0046] ③, under stirring, solution B was added dropwise to solution A to obtain a mixed solution; the mixed solution was stirred at 90°C for 24 h, cooled to room temperature, filtered, the precipitated product was collected, washed with acetone 3 times, and then dried at 50°C under vacuum for 24 h to obtain a light blue powder, which was 1,1'-di(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethene dibromide (DHH-V);

[0047] II. Two ITO glasses (the thickness of ITO was 150 nm) were ultrasonically cleaned with acetone, ultrapure water and anhydrous ethanol in turn, and then dried to obtain two conductive layers;

[0048] III. Preparation of electrochromic / photochromic solution:

[0049] ①, 1,1'-di(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethene dibromide (DHH-V) and anion replacement material were dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC) to obtain a DHH-V solution with a DHH-V concentration of 0.03 mol / L;

[0050] The anion replacement material in step three ① was ferrocene, and the concentration of ferrocene in the obtained DHH-V solution with a DHH-V concentration of 0.03 mol / L was 0.03 mol / L;

[0051] ②, ethyl viologen dibromide (Et-V) and anion replacement material were dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC) to obtain an Et-V solution with an Et-V concentration of 0.01 mol / L;

[0052] The anion replacement material in step three ② was ferrocene, and the concentration of ferrocene in the obtained Et-V solution with an Et-V concentration of 0.01 mol / L was 0.01 mol / L;

[0053] ③, the DHH-V solution with a DHH-V concentration of 0.03 mol / L and the Et-V solution with an Et-V concentration of 0.01 mol / L were mixed uniformly at a volume ratio of 1:1, and then a semiconductor material was added and stirred uniformly to obtain an electrochromic / photochromic solution;

[0054] The semiconductor material in the electrochromic / photochromic solution in step three ③ is ZnO, and the mass fraction of ZnO is 5%;

[0055] ④, using double-sided tape to stick around one conductive layer as a substrate, and then setting another conductive layer opposite to the substrate and sticking on the double-sided tape to obtain a device prototype; injecting the electrochromic / photochromic solution into the device prototype, and then using curing glue (the first technology, AC2720UV) to package the device, and curing for 0.5 min to obtain a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color.

[0056] The electrochromic transmittance modulation spectrum modulation change of the photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral color prepared in Example 1 is: 50.6% at 525 nm, 42.3% at 604 nm, and after light irradiation, the transmittance modulation change is 34.3% at 518 nm and 36.2% at 604 nm.

[0057] Example 2: The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is:

[0058] III. Preparation of electrochromic / photochromic solution:

[0059] ①, dissolving 1,1'-di(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene dibromide (DHH-V) and anion replacement material into propylene carbonate (PC) to obtain a DHH-V solution with a concentration of 0.03 mol / L of DHH-V;

[0060] The anion replacement material in step three ① is ferrocene, and the concentration of ferrocene in the obtained DHH-V solution with a concentration of 0.03 mol / L of DHH-V is 0.03 mol / L;

[0061] ②, dissolving ethyl viologen dibromide (Et-V) anion replacement material into propylene carbonate (PC) to obtain an Et-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L of Et-V;

[0062] The anion replacement material in step three ② is ferrocene, and the concentration of ferrocene in the obtained Et-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L of Et-V is 0.02 mol / L;

[0063] ③, mixing the DHH-V solution with a concentration of 0.03 mol / L of DHH-V and the Et-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L of Et-V uniformly according to a volume ratio of 1:1.5, then adding a semiconductor material and stirring uniformly to obtain an electrochromic / photochromic solution;

[0064] The semiconductor material in the electrochromic / photochromic solution in step three ③ is ZnO, and the mass fraction of ZnO is 15%. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0065] The electrochromic transmittance modulation spectrum modulation change of the photoelectric dual-response color-changing device prepared in Example 2 can achieve neutral color: 51.4% at 525 nm, 44.6% at 604 nm, and after light irradiation, the transmittance modulation change is 38.2% at 518 nm and 39.6% at 604 nm.

[0066] Example 3: The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: three, preparation of electrochromic / photochromic solution:

[0067] ①, 1,1'-di(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene dibromide (DHH-V) and anion replacement material are dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC) to obtain a DHH-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L of DHH-V;

[0068] The anion replacement material in step three ① is ferrocene, and the concentration of ferrocene in the obtained DHH-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L of DHH-V is 0.02 mol / L;

[0069] ②, ethyl viologen dibromide (Et-V) and anion replacement material are dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC) to obtain an Et-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L of Et-V;

[0070] The anion replacement material in step three ② is ferrocene, and the concentration of ferrocene in the obtained Et-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L of Et-V is 0.02 mol / L;

[0071] ③, the DHH-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L of DHH-V and the Et-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L of Et-V are mixed uniformly according to a volume ratio of 1:2, then a semiconductor material is added and stirred uniformly to obtain an electrochromic / photochromic solution;

[0072] The semiconductor material in the electrochromic / photochromic solution in step three ③ is ZnO, and the mass fraction of ZnO is 20%. The other steps and parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0073] The electrochromic transmittance modulation spectrum modulation change of the photoelectric dual-response color-changing device prepared in Example 3 can achieve neutral color: 53.6% at 525 nm, 48.3% at 604 nm, and after light irradiation, the transmittance modulation change is 40.6% at 518 nm and 43.2% at 604 nm.

[0074] Example 4: The difference between this example and Example 1 is:

[0075] III. Preparation of Electrochromic / Photochromic Solutions:

[0076] ① Dissolve 1,1′-bis(6-hydroxyhexyl)-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene dibromide (DHH-V) and anionic substitution material in propylene carbonate (PC) to obtain a DHH-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L;

[0077] The anion replacement material mentioned in step 3① is ferrocene, and the concentration of ferrocene in the DHH-V solution with a concentration of 0.02 mol / L is 0.01 mol / L.

[0078] ② Dissolve ethyl viologen dibromide (Et-V) and anionic substitution material in propylene carbonate (PC) to obtain an Et-V solution with a concentration of 0.01 mol / L;

[0079] The anion replacement material mentioned in step 3② is ferrocene, and the concentration of ferrocene in the Et-V solution with a concentration of 0.01 mol / L is 0.03 mol / L.

[0080] ③ Mix 0.02 mol / L DHH-V solution and 0.01 mol / L Et-V solution at a volume ratio of 2:1 until homogeneous. Then add semiconductor material, polyvinyl alcohol and borax, and stir until homogeneous to obtain electrochromic / photochromic gel.

[0081] The semiconductor material mentioned in step 3③ is ZnO;

[0082] In step 3③, the electrochromic / photochromic gel contains 25% ZnO, 5% polyvinyl alcohol, and 2% borax by mass.

[0083] ④ Use double-sided tape to attach around the perimeter of one conductive layer as a substrate. Then, place another conductive layer opposite the substrate and attach it to the double-sided tape to obtain a prototype device. Inject the electrochromic / photochromic gel into the prototype device, and then encapsulate the device using curing adhesive (Zui Da Technology, AC2720UV). Curing for 0.5 minutes yields a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors. Other steps and parameters are the same as in Example 1.

[0084] The electrochromic transmittance modulation spectrum of the photoelectric dual-response color-changing device prepared in Example 4, which can realize neutral color, is 48.6% at 525nm and 47.3% at 604nm. After illumination, the transmittance modulation change is 43.5% at 518nm and 42.8% at 604nm.

Claims

1. A photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors, characterized in that... The photoelectric dual-response color-changing device has a three-layer structure, comprising two conductive layers and an electrochromic / photochromic layer; the electrochromic / photochromic layer is disposed between the two conductive layers; the electrochromic / photochromic layer is an electrochromic / photochromic solution or an electrochromic / photochromic gel. The electrochromic / photochromic solution is composed of viologen derivatives, semiconductor materials, and anion-substituted materials; The electrochromic / photochromic gel is composed of viologen derivatives, semiconductor materials, anion-substituted materials, polyvinyl alcohol, and borax.

2. The photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors according to claim 1, characterized in that... The viologen derivative is at least two of the following: a blue viologen derivative, a red viologen derivative, and a green viologen derivative.

3. The photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors according to claim 2, characterized in that... The blue viologen derivative is one or more of N-methyl viologen, N-ethyl viologen, N-propyl viologen, N-butyl viologen, and N-benzyl viologen; the red viologen derivative is one or more of N-p-dimethylaminophenyl viologen, N-p-methoxyphenyl viologen, N-phenyl viologen, and N-1-naphthyl viologen; the green viologen derivative is an N-aryl-N'-alkyl viologen or vinyl viologen / phenazine system with introduced substituents, wherein the substituents are methoxy or amino.

4. The photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors according to claim 1, characterized in that... The semiconductor material is a metal oxide, a chalcogenide semiconductor, or a perovskite semiconductor; the metal oxide is TiO2, ZnO, WO3, or Cu2O; the chalcogenide semiconductor is cadmium sulfide or cadmium telluride; and the perovskite semiconductor is formamidinium lead iodide or perovskite quantum dots.

5. A photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors according to claim 1, characterized in that... The anionic replacement material is phenazine, ferrocene, tetrathiofulvalene, metal complex, or conjugated polymer; the metal complex is a metal dithioxene or metal cyanide; the conjugated polymer is polythiophene or polyaniline.

6. A photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors according to claim 1, characterized in that... The concentration of viologen derivative in the electrochromic / photochromic solution is 0.001 mol / L to 0.1 mol / L, the mass fraction of semiconductor material is 1% to 25%, and the concentration of anion-substituted material is 0.001 mol / L to 0.1 mol / L; the concentration of viologen derivative in the electrochromic / photochromic gel is 0.001 mol / L to 0.1 mol / L, the mass fraction of semiconductor material is 1% to 25%, the concentration of anion-substituted material is 0.001 mol / L to 0.1 mol / L, the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol is 5% to 10%, and the mass fraction of borax is 0.5% to 5%.

7. A photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors according to claim 1, characterized in that... The conductive layer is a semiconductor conductive electrode or a metal conductive electrode; the semiconductor conductive electrode is ITO, IGZO, FTO or AZO; the metal conductive electrode is a composite of one of Ag, Al, and Cu with a conductor conductive electrode.

8. A photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors according to claim 1, characterized in that... The photoelectric dual-response color-changing device is encapsulated and cured around its perimeter using a curing adhesive.

9. The method for fabricating a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of achieving neutral colors as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The preparation method is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

1. Clean and dry the two conductive electrodes to obtain two conductive layers; II. Preparation of electrochromic / photochromic solutions: ① Dissolve two different colored violet derivatives in two portions of propylene carbonate solvent to obtain solution I and solution II; ② Mix solution I and solution II in a volume ratio of (1~5):(1~5) until homogeneous, then add semiconductor material and anion replacement material, stir until homogeneous, and obtain an electrochromic / photochromic solution; ③ Mix solution I and solution II in a volume ratio of (1~5):(1~5) until homogeneous, then add semiconductor material, anion replacement material, polyvinyl alcohol and borax, stir until homogeneous, and obtain electrochromic / photochromic gel; ④ Use double-sided tape to stick around the perimeter of one conductive layer as a base, then place another conductive layer opposite to the base and stick it on the double-sided tape to obtain a prototype device; inject electrochromic / photochromic solution or electrochromic / photochromic gel into the prototype device, then use curing adhesive to encapsulate the device and cure it to obtain a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device that can achieve neutral color.

10. The method for fabricating a photoelectric dual-response color-changing device capable of realizing neutral colors according to claim 9, characterized in that... The cleaning process described in step one involves sequentially cleaning the two conductive electrodes with acetone, ultrapure water, and anhydrous ethanol; the thickness of the double-sided adhesive tape described in step two (④) is 100µm; and the curing time described in step two (④) is 0.5min to 10min.

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