Rare earth oxide nanowire-based capacitor preparation method for plateau and electronic module

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic components. The preparation method of the capacitor based on the rare earth oxide nanowire for the plateau comprises the following steps: weighing and mixing the yttrium oxide nanowire of which the surface is modified with a PANI conductive layer and a polymer electrolyte solution, and processing through an ultrasonic dispersion process or a mechanical stirring process to obtain a composite electrolyte; covering the composite electrolyte on the surfaces of the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the diaphragm to form a uniform thin film, and curing to obtain a solid or gel electrolyte layer; winding or laminating the positive electrode with the electrolyte layer, the negative electrode with the electrolyte layer and the diaphragm, and assembling into a core body according to a sequence to obtain a capacitor core body; and placing the capacitor core body in the capacitor shell, and packaging the capacitor core body to obtain the packaged rare earth oxide nanowire capacitor. The problem of physical damage of a traditional capacitor under extreme temperature circulation is effectively solved, the temperature resistance and reliability of the capacitor are improved, the working safety of an electronic module in the civil explosive industry is guaranteed, and the service life of the electronic module is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic components technology, and more specifically, to a method for preparing a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude environments and an electronic module. Background Technology

[0002] In the civil explosives industry, where high reliability is paramount, the reliability of electronic modules directly impacts the safety of blasting operations. Capacitors, typically tantalum, electrolytic, or solid aluminum capacitors, are crucial components within these modules, and their reliability is paramount. However, under extreme temperature cycling conditions, such as at high altitudes, the polymer electrolyte itself undergoes volume shrinkage / expansion, leading to poor interfacial contact between it and rigid electrode particles (peeling at low temperatures, creep at high temperatures), obstructing or interrupting ion transport paths. Simultaneously, microcracks may develop within the electrolyte due to uneven stress. These physical damages cause capacitance decay and increased impedance, resulting in unstable capacitor performance and severely impacting the reliability and lifespan of the entire electronic module.

[0003] In view of this, there is an urgent need for a method for preparing capacitors based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude areas and an electronic module to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this application is to provide a method for fabricating capacitors based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude environments and an electronic module, in order to solve the technical problems in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes a method for fabricating capacitors based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude environments, comprising: Weigh and mix yttrium oxide nanowires with a PANI conductive layer on the surface and polymer electrolyte solution, and process them by ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring to obtain composite electrolyte; The composite electrolyte is applied to the surfaces of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator to form a uniform thin film, which is then cured to obtain a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer. The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, which have electrolyte layers, are wound or stacked and assembled into a core in sequence to obtain a capacitor core. The capacitor core is placed inside the capacitor casing and then encapsulated to obtain a capacitor made of encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0006] In some feasible methods, the step of weighing and mixing yttrium oxide nanowires with a PANI conductive layer and a polymer electrolyte solution, and processing them by ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring to obtain a composite electrolyte, includes: Weigh out the yttrium oxide nanowires at a mass ratio of 0.01% to 0.1% to the electrolyte solution, mix them, and then process them by ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0007] In some feasible embodiments, the step of covering the surfaces of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator with the composite electrolyte to form a uniform thin film, and then curing it to obtain a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer, includes: The film is cured between 60℃ and 80℃ to obtain a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer.

[0008] In some feasible methods, the step of winding or stacking the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, which have electrolyte layers, and assembling them sequentially into a core to obtain a capacitor core includes: The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, which have an electrolyte layer, are wound or stacked using hot pressing or rolling processes.

[0009] In some feasible embodiments, the step of placing the capacitor core inside the capacitor casing and encapsulating it to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare-earth oxide nanowires includes: The capacitor core is placed inside the capacitor casing and encapsulated using laser welding or epoxy resin to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0010] In some feasible embodiments, the step of placing the capacitor core inside the capacitor casing and encapsulating it to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare-earth oxide nanowires includes: The gel or liquid electrolyte is filled between the capacitor shell and the capacitor core, and the capacitor core is allowed to stand and be fully absorbed, and then encapsulated to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0011] In some feasible embodiments, the step of placing the capacitor core inside the capacitor casing and encapsulating it to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare-earth oxide nanowires includes: The capacitors of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires are aged at 80℃-90℃ for 50-100 hours to obtain the capacitors of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0012] In some feasible methods, the step of aging the capacitor of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires at 80℃-90℃ for 50-100 hours to obtain the target encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowire capacitor includes: The capacitors of the target packaged rare earth oxide nanowires were subjected to electrical performance testing and temperature cycling testing to obtain qualified capacitors of the target packaged rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0013] In some feasible embodiments, the thickness of the PANI conductive layer is 5-50 nm.

[0014] Secondly, this application provides an electronic module applied to the aforementioned method for fabricating capacitors based on rare-earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications, comprising: The capacitors of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires are fixed on the PCB board.

[0015] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application may include the following beneficial effects: This application discloses a method for fabricating capacitors based on rare-earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude regions. The method involves combining yttrium oxide nanowires with a surface-modified PANI conductive layer with a polymer electrolyte, followed by specific dispersion, coating, curing, and assembly / encapsulation processes to form the capacitor. The core advantage lies in leveraging the temperature response characteristics of the yttrium oxide nanowires and the conductivity of the PANI conductive layer to adapt to the unique environment of high-altitude regions with large diurnal temperature variations, achieving stable performance of the capacitor under extreme temperature cycling conditions. At low temperatures (-40℃) in high-altitude regions, the yttrium oxide nanowires contract and closely approach each other, forming a conductive permeation network that compensates for the reduction in ion transport paths, preventing capacity decay and impedance increase. At high temperatures (85℃) in high-altitude regions, the rigid framework of the nanowires can block microcracks in the electrolyte and form bridges, inhibiting crack propagation and interface delamination, maintaining structural integrity and ion transport stability. The capacitors prepared by this method effectively overcome the physical damage problem of traditional capacitors under extreme temperature cycling in high-altitude areas, significantly improve the temperature resistance and reliability of capacitors in special high-altitude environments, thereby ensuring the working safety of electronic modules in the civil explosives industry in high-altitude areas, extending the service life of electronic modules in high-altitude operation scenarios, and meeting the application requirements of high-reliability electronic modules in high-altitude areas. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the application and to make other features, objects, and advantages of the application more apparent. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation of the application. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the capacitor structure provided in this application for a method of preparing a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude areas.

[0017] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the microstructure of rare earth oxide nanowires used in the fabrication of a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications provided in this application.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the formation of a conductive network at low temperature (-40℃) in a method for preparing a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude areas, as provided in this application.

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the crack blocking and bridging effect at high temperature (85°C) in a method for preparing a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude applications, provided in this application.

[0020] Figure 5 The capacitance retention curve of a method for preparing a rare earth oxide nanowire-based capacitor for high-altitude applications provided in this application.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the electronic module structure of a method for fabricating a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude environments, as provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0024] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0025] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," "linked," and "socketing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] like Figure 1-5 As shown, in a first aspect, this application provides a method for fabricating a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude environments, comprising: S100: Weigh and mix yttrium oxide nanowires with a PANI conductive layer on the surface and polymer electrolyte solution, and process them by ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring to obtain composite electrolyte.

[0028] Specifically, obtaining the composite electrolyte may include the following steps: Weigh out the yttrium oxide nanowires at a mass ratio of 0.01% to 0.1% to the electrolyte solution, mix them, and then process them by ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring to obtain the composite electrolyte.

[0029] It should be noted that yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanowires with a densely modified PANI conductive layer are selected, wherein the thickness of the PANI conductive layer is preferably 20 nm (in the optimal range of 10-30 nm) to ensure that the volume conductivity is ≥10⁻³ S / cm in the tablet compression test.

[0030] PEO-LiTFSI solid polymer electrolyte solution can be used as the base electrolyte. It should be stirred evenly at room temperature of 25°C in advance to remove air bubbles.

[0031] Weigh precisely according to a mass ratio of 0.05% (preferred value, within the range of 0.01%-0.1% for optimal adaptive effect) of yttrium oxide nanowires to electrolyte solution. For example, if there is 100g of electrolyte solution, weigh 0.05g of yttrium oxide nanowires.

[0032] The weighed yttrium oxide nanowires were slowly added to the electrolyte solution and stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature under nitrogen inert gas protection to prevent the nanowires from agglomerating. If ultrasonic dispersion is used: select an ultrasonic disperser with a power of 150W, disperse for 30 minutes, and control the solution temperature ≤30℃ during dispersion (to prevent electrolyte degradation) until there are no obvious agglomerates of nanowires; If mechanical stirring is used: select a high-speed shear stirrer, stir at a speed of 3000 r / min, stir for 60 minutes, and continuously introduce nitrogen gas during the stirring process to ensure uniform dispersion.

[0033] Subsequent processing: After dispersion, the mixture was allowed to stand at 25°C for 15 minutes to remove the tiny bubbles generated during dispersion, resulting in a uniform and stable composite electrolyte.

[0034] S200, the composite electrolyte is applied to the surfaces of the positive electrode, negative electrode and separator to form a uniform thin film, and then cured to obtain a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer.

[0035] Specifically, obtaining a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer may include the following steps: The film is cured between 60℃ and 80℃ to obtain a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer.

[0036] It should be noted that the positive and negative current collectors are made of aluminum foil with a thickness of 12μm (positive electrode) and copper foil with a thickness of 10μm (negative electrode), and the separator is made of polypropylene porous membrane with a thickness of 20μm. It can be vacuum dried at 100℃ for 4 hours in advance to remove surface moisture.

[0037] The composite electrolyte can be coated onto the pretreated positive and negative current collector surfaces and both sides of the separator using a blade coating method (preferred process, simple to operate and with good film uniformity). The coating gap is controlled at 25μm (to ensure uniform film thickness), and the coating speed is 5mm / s. Immediately after coating, perform preliminary leveling to remove surface drip marks and ensure that the film is free of defects such as pinholes and material shortages. The coated positive and negative electrode sheets and separator are placed in a forced-air drying oven, and the curing temperature is set to 70℃ (preferred value, balancing curing efficiency and electrolyte stability), and the curing time is 4 hours (using gradient heating: 60℃ for 1 hour → 70℃ for 2 hours → 80℃ for 1 hour). After curing, the electrolyte layer is naturally cooled to room temperature to form a solid electrolyte layer with a thickness of 20-30μm (preferably 25μm) or a gel electrolyte layer with a thickness of 30-50μm (preferably 40μm), ensuring that the electrolyte layer is closely adhered to the current collector and the separator.

[0038] S300, the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the separator having the electrolyte layer are wound or stacked, and assembled into a core in sequence to obtain a capacitor core.

[0039] Specifically, obtaining the capacitor core may include the following steps: The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, which have an electrolyte layer, are wound or stacked using hot pressing or rolling processes.

[0040] It should be noted that the cured positive and negative electrode sheets are cut to match the size of the capacitor casing; For processing and assembly, if a winding process is used: a winding machine with a speed of 10r / min (preferred speed) can be selected, and the winding should be alternately in the order of "positive electrode → separator → negative electrode → separator". The winding tension should be controlled at 5N to ensure that the winding is tight and there is no looseness. The core diameter tolerance is ±0.2mm. If a stacking process is used, stack the layers in the same order, with an alignment accuracy of ±0.1mm for each layer, and fix them with positioning clamps after stacking. The compaction process employs a hot-pressing technique (preferred), with a hot-pressing temperature of 90℃ (preferred value), a pressure of 1MPa (preferred value), and a holding time of 20 minutes, ensuring a tight bond between the positive and negative electrodes, the diaphragm, and the electrolyte layer, with an interfacial contact resistance ≤50mΩ.

[0041] If a rolling process is used, a rolling temperature of 80℃, a linear speed of 2m / min, and a rolling pressure of 0.6MPa can be used for continuous rolling to ensure uniform core density.

[0042] S400, the capacitor core is placed inside the capacitor casing and encapsulated to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0043] Specifically, obtaining the capacitance of the encapsulated rare-earth oxide nanowires may include the following steps: The capacitor core is placed inside the capacitor casing and encapsulated using laser welding or epoxy resin to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0044] It should be noted that for core pretreatment, polyether gel electrolyte (or carbonate liquid electrolyte) can be used. The electrolyte is injected into the capacitor shell (aluminum shell, 0.8mm thick) at a temperature of 30°C (preferred). The core is then allowed to stand for 18 hours (preferred), during which the shell is gently shaken every 2 hours to ensure complete electrolyte adsorption and no residual air bubbles. For encapsulation, the core (or the core after electrolyte adsorption) is placed in the shell and encapsulated using laser welding, with a welding power of 200W (preferred), a welding speed of 10mm / s, and a weld width of 0.3mm. If epoxy resin sealing is used, bisphenol A epoxy resin can be used, with a mixing ratio (resin:curing agent) of 3:1, cured at 60°C for 2 hours, resulting in a sealing layer thickness ≥1mm. For aging treatment, the encapsulated capacitor can be placed in an oven with an aging temperature of 85°C (preferred) and an aging time of 72 hours (preferred), while maintaining ventilation inside the oven. After aging, the capacitor is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature to stabilize the electrolyte structure and interface properties. Finally, a formation test is performed to ensure compliance with requirements.

[0045] Furthermore, the gel or liquid electrolyte is filled between the capacitor shell and the capacitor core, and the capacitor core is allowed to stand and be fully absorbed, and then encapsulated to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0046] It should be noted that a gel electrolyte (such as a PEO-based gel electrolyte) or a liquid electrolyte (such as a carbonate-based mixed electrolyte) with excellent interfacial compatibility with the composite electrolyte system is selected. The electrolyte is pre-dried under vacuum at 60°C for 2 hours to remove moisture and trace air bubbles, preventing subsequent interfacial side reactions. Next, a quantitative amount of electrolyte is injected into the gap between the capacitor shell and the capacitor core using a pump, ensuring that the gap is completely filled with electrolyte without any voids. The capacitor is then allowed to stand for 24 hours (preferred) in a dry environment at 25°C and relative humidity ≤30%, with the capacitor gently rotated (90° angle) every 6 hours to promote uniform electrolyte penetration into the core, ensuring that the electrodes, separator, and electrolyte layer of the capacitor core are fully saturated with electrolyte. Finally, after impregnation, the capacitor shell is sealed using laser welding or epoxy resin sealing to ensure no electrolyte leakage or airtightness defects, resulting in a sealed rare-earth oxide nanowire capacitor.

[0047] Furthermore, obtaining the capacitor of the encapsulated rare-earth oxide nanowires may include the following steps: The capacitors of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires are aged at 80℃-90℃ for 50-100 hours to obtain the capacitors of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0048] Specifically, the pre-aging process involves neatly arranging the encapsulated capacitors in an aging oven to ensure uniform heating. The oven is evacuated beforehand and purged with high-purity nitrogen three times to remove oxygen and moisture. High-temperature constant-temperature aging is then performed, with the oven aging temperature set at 85℃ (preferred, within the 80℃-90℃ range) and the aging time at this constant temperature set at 72 hours (preferred, within the 50-100 hours range). During aging, the oven temperature fluctuation is controlled to ≤±1℃ to avoid damage to the capacitor structure from sudden temperature increases or decreases. After aging, the oven heating system is turned off, maintaining a nitrogen atmosphere, allowing the capacitors to cool naturally to room temperature (25℃±2℃) for at least 4 hours to prevent thermal stress from rapid cooling that could cause cracking of the electrolyte layer, resulting in the target encapsulated rare-earth oxide nanowire capacitor.

[0049] Furthermore, obtaining the capacitance of the target encapsulated rare-earth oxide nanowires may include the following steps: The capacitors of the target packaged rare earth oxide nanowires were subjected to electrical performance testing and temperature cycling testing to obtain qualified capacitors of the target packaged rare earth oxide nanowires.

[0050] Specifically, before testing, the capacitor to be tested can be placed in a standard test environment of 25℃ and relative humidity ≤30% for 2 hours to allow the capacitor performance to stabilize and ensure accurate test data. The core electrical performance test can sequentially test the nominal capacitance, equivalent series resistance (ESR), leakage current, and withstand voltage of the capacitor. The test standard refers to GB / T 2693 (standard), where the capacitance deviation is ≤ ±5%, ESR is ≤ 100mΩ at 1kHz frequency, leakage current is ≤ 1μA / μF at rated voltage, and withstand voltage is not less than 1.2 times the rated voltage. If all four indicators meet the standard, the electrical performance is qualified. Temperature Cycling Reliability Test: Following the application standards for capacitors in civil explosive electronic detonators, a wide temperature cycling test from -40℃ to 85℃ is conducted. Specifically, the capacitor is placed in a high and low temperature test chamber, kept at -40℃ for 2 hours, then heated to 85℃ within 10 minutes, kept at 85℃ for 2 hours, and then cooled to -40℃ within 10 minutes, completing one cycle. A total of 500 cycles are accumulated. After the cycle, the capacitor is returned to the standard test environment and left to stand for 2 hours. The above electrical performance indicators are then tested again, requiring a capacitance retention rate ≥90%, an ESR change rate ≤20%, and leakage current and withstand voltage values ​​still meeting the electrical performance qualification standards. Qualified capacitors that simultaneously meet the core electrical performance test standards and the temperature cycling reliability test standards are judged to be qualified rare earth oxide nanowire capacitors with completed target packaging.

[0051] Preferably, the thickness of the PANI conductive layer is 5-50 nm, and more preferably 20 nm (which is in the optimal range of 10-30 nm, taking into account both conductivity and interface compatibility). Example

[0052] A method for fabricating capacitors based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude areas includes: 1. Rare earth oxide nanowires are added to the electrolyte of capacitors as temperature-responsive functional fillers. As a stable rigid framework, the rare earth oxide nanowires suppress physical damage to the capacitor through passive spacing changes and active bridging effects when the temperature changes, achieving the capacitor's adaptability to temperature variations. This allows the capacitor to maintain electrochemical stability and structural integrity during temperature changes.

[0053] 2. Rare earth oxide nanowires, preferably yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) nanowires, with a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 7-9 × 10⁻ 6 / K exhibits thermal expansion and contraction properties. It maintains excellent chemical stability and structural integrity even at high temperatures (>1500℃). Furthermore, its coefficient of thermal expansion, when matched with most electrolyte materials, effectively alleviates thermal stress.

[0054] 3. Electrolyte: Considering the interfacial compatibility with rare earth oxide nanowires and ionic conductivity, solid polymer electrolytes (such as PEO-LiTFSI), gel electrolytes, or composite electrolytes are preferred.

[0055] 4. At -40℃, rare earth oxide nanowires shrink at low temperatures, and the electrolyte matrix shrinks even more at low temperatures. This forces the surface-conductive rare earth oxide nanowires dispersed within them to move closer together and become more compact, shortening the average distance between them. When the spacing is less than the critical distance for the tunneling effect, a conductive permeation network is formed, compensating for the reduction in ion transport paths caused by electrolyte shrinkage, thereby stabilizing the capacitance.

[0056] 5. To achieve conductive networks at low temperatures, rare-earth oxide nanowires primarily serve as a rigid framework and a driving force for temperature response, while their conductivity mainly depends on the modification layer or composite conductive material. For example, a dense PANI conductive layer can be modified onto the surface of yttrium oxide nanowires via in-situ polymerization.

[0057] 6. A PANI conductive layer, preferably 5-50 nm thick, more preferably 10-30 nm, or compounded with a small amount of conductive nanomaterials (such as carbon nanotubes) to form a composite conductive filler. This enables the modified rare earth oxide nanowires to achieve a volumetric conductivity of XS / cm or higher (e.g., 10⁻³ S / cm or higher) in pellet tests. Although the conductivity of PANI decreases with decreasing temperature, the conductive layer can still maintain sufficient conductivity at -40°C through electron tunneling or transition conduction. By optimizing the doping process and compounding with a small amount of carbon material, sufficient tunneling conductivity can be maintained within the target temperature range.

[0058] At 85℃, the electrolyte and electrode thermally expand, resulting in microcracks due to the difference in thermal expansion systems. Rare earth oxide nanowires expand at this temperature and, driven by the expansion of the electrolyte, shift, blocking the crack path. Simultaneously, due to the high modulus (rigidity) and good interfacial bonding with the electrolyte, the rigid structure of the rare earth oxide nanowires can bridge the crack ends, preventing further crack opening and propagation. This significantly suppresses the accelerated decay of ionic conductivity caused by crack propagation, maintaining the integrity of the structure and the stability of ion transport, and improving the durability of the capacitor under temperature cycling or extreme temperature conditions.

[0059] 7. Rare earth oxide nanowires and electrolytes are mixed in a specific ratio. For example, the mass ratio of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanowires to electrolyte is preferably 0.01%-0.1%, which results in the best adaptive effect of capacitance.

[0060] The process steps involved in the embodiments, such as material dispersion, electrode coating, core assembly, and encapsulation aging, all adopt conventional technical means in the field, or have been adapted to ensure that the electrolyte containing rare earth oxide nanowires can be effectively processed and perform its expected function.

[0061] A method for fabricating capacitors based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude areas includes: 1. Material preparation and electrolyte compounding 1) Weigh yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanowires with a PANI conductive layer on their surface at a mass ratio of 0.01%–0.1%.

[0062] 2) Add the nanowires to a pre-prepared polymer electrolyte solution (such as PEO-LiTFSI).

[0063] 3) Using conventional ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring processes in this field, the nanowires are uniformly dispersed in the electrolyte system to form a composite electrolyte. This dispersion method is widely used in the preparation of nanocomposite materials.

[0064] 2. Electrode and electrolyte layer preparation 1) The above-mentioned composite electrolyte is coated onto the surface of the positive and negative current collectors by conventional coating methods (such as doctor blade coating, screen printing) or lamination methods to form a uniform thin film.

[0065] 2) The solvent is evaporated or pre-cured at an appropriate temperature (e.g., 60–80°C) to form a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer.

[0066] 3. Capacitor core assembly 1) The positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode coated with composite electrolyte are assembled into a core in sequence using a winding or stacking process. The above process is the standard process in capacitor manufacturing.

[0067] 2) The layers are tightly bonded by hot pressing or roll pressing processes to ensure good interface contact.

[0068] 4. Encapsulation and Curing 1) Place the core in the capacitor casing and perform conventional encapsulation processes, such as laser welding or epoxy resin sealing.

[0069] 2) If using gel or liquid electrolyte, it can be injected and allowed to stand for soaking before encapsulation.

[0070] 3) Perform high-temperature aging treatment (e.g., holding at 85°C for 72 hours) to stabilize the electrolyte structure and interfacial properties. This step is commonly used in the manufacture of electrolytic capacitors and batteries to improve product consistency.

[0071] 5. Performance Testing and Module Integration 1) Perform electrical performance tests (capacitance, ESR, leakage current, etc.) and temperature cycling tests on the packaged capacitors. The test methods can refer to relevant standards such as GB / T 2693.

[0072] 2) Solder qualified capacitors and other electronic components onto the PCB to form an electronic module. The soldering and assembly process follows general electronic assembly standards such as IPC-A-610.

[0073] like Figure 6 As shown, in a second aspect, this application provides an electronic module applied to the aforementioned method for fabricating capacitors based on rare-earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications, comprising: The capacitors of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires are fixed on the PCB board.

[0074] Specifically, components, capacitors, control chips, and detonation resistors are arranged on the PCB board, and the components, capacitors, control chips, and detonation resistors are connected by circuits.

[0075] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0076] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the various units or steps of this application described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, thereby storing them in a storage device for execution by a computing device, or fabricating them separately as individual integrated circuit modules, or fabricating multiple modules or steps into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, this application is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0077] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for fabricating capacitors based on rare earth oxide nanowires for use in high-altitude environments, characterized in that, include: Weigh and mix yttrium oxide nanowires with a PANI conductive layer on the surface and polymer electrolyte solution, and process them by ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring to obtain composite electrolyte; The composite electrolyte is applied to the surfaces of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator to form a uniform thin film, which is then cured to obtain a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer. The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, which have electrolyte layers, are wound or stacked and assembled into a core in sequence to obtain a capacitor core. The capacitor core is placed inside the capacitor casing and then encapsulated to obtain a capacitor made of encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

2. The method for fabricating a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of weighing and mixing yttrium oxide nanowires with a PANI conductive layer and a polymer electrolyte solution, and processing them by ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring to obtain a composite electrolyte includes: Weigh out the yttrium oxide nanowires at a mass ratio of 0.01% to 0.1% to the electrolyte solution, mix them, and then process them by ultrasonic dispersion or mechanical stirring to obtain the composite electrolyte.

3. The method for fabricating capacitors based on rare earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of coating the composite electrolyte onto the surfaces of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator to form a uniform thin film, and then curing it to obtain a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer, includes: The film is cured between 60℃ and 80℃ to obtain a solid or gel-like electrolyte layer.

4. The method for fabricating capacitors based on rare earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of winding or stacking the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, which have electrolyte layers, and assembling them sequentially into a core to obtain a capacitor core includes: The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator, which have an electrolyte layer, are wound or stacked using hot pressing or rolling processes.

5. The method for fabricating a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of placing the capacitor core inside the capacitor casing and encapsulating it to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires includes: The capacitor core is placed inside the capacitor casing and encapsulated using laser welding or epoxy resin to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

6. The method for fabricating a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The step of placing the capacitor core inside the capacitor casing and encapsulating it to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires includes: The gel or liquid electrolyte is filled between the capacitor shell and the capacitor core, and the capacitor core is allowed to stand and be fully absorbed, and then encapsulated to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

7. The method for fabricating a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The step of placing the capacitor core inside the capacitor casing and encapsulating it to obtain a capacitor with encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires includes: The capacitors of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires are aged at 80℃-90℃ for 50-100 hours to obtain the capacitors of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires.

8. The method for fabricating a capacitor based on rare earth oxide nanowires for high-altitude applications as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The step of aging the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires at 80℃-90℃ for 50-100 hours to obtain the target encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowire capacitor includes: The capacitors of the target packaged rare earth oxide nanowires were subjected to electrical performance testing and temperature cycling testing to obtain qualified capacitors of the target packaged rare earth oxide nanowires.

9. The method for fabricating a rare-earth oxide nanowire-based capacitor for high-altitude applications as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The thickness of the PANI conductive layer is 5-50 nm.

10. An electronic module, characterized in that, The method for fabricating a rare-earth oxide nanowire-based capacitor for high-altitude applications according to any one of claims 1-9 comprises: The capacitors of the encapsulated rare earth oxide nanowires are fixed on the PCB board.

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