Photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic integrated pavement power generation assembly

Abstract

According to the photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic integrated road surface power generation assembly provided by the invention, the cooperative operation of the photovoltaic power generation unit, the piezoelectric power generation unit and the electromagnetic power generation unit is realized through the comprehensive protection of the protection unit and the ordered layout from top to bottom; by combining the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit to obtain mechanical energy of different frequencies and systematized adjustment of the energy processing unit, the limitation of single energy utilization is broken through, the problems of unbalanced bearing and efficiency and insufficient electric energy quality of a traditional composite technology are solved, and an efficient and stable integrated solution is provided for pavement energy utilization.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of new energy power generation, in particular to a road surface power generation assembly integrating photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic. BACKGROUND

[0002] Solar energy has become the core direction of global energy transformation due to its unlimited reserves and zero emission characteristics in the utilization process, and its development and utilization scale continues to expand. However, the traditional distributed photovoltaic system has significant limitations in practical application: its layout is highly dependent on roofs, open spaces and other carriers, and in the core area of the city, it often faces problems such as roof resource fragmentation and land occupation conflicts, and the space utilization efficiency is limited; more importantly, due to the alternation of day and night, changes in weather and other natural conditions, photovoltaic power generation has significant intermittency and instability, and the power generation efficiency drops sharply at night and on rainy days, making it difficult to meet the rigid demand for continuous and stable power supply in smart cities.

[0003] At the same time, the secondary utilization of recyclable energy as a key supplementary path to solve the energy dilemma is attracting widespread attention. This type of energy includes mechanical vibration energy in the transportation field, waste heat and pressure in industrial production, and micro-motion energy in the building environment, and its efficient recovery not only reduces energy consumption, but also reduces pollutant emissions. Among the many recyclable energies, the mechanical energy generated by transportation infrastructure has the characteristics of large total quantity and wide distribution, and is particularly worthy of attention. In addition to piezoelectric power generation technology, electromagnetic power generation technology also shows great potential for the recovery of this type of mechanical energy. Electromagnetic power generation technology can convert the mechanical motion such as vibration and rolling caused by vehicle travel into electrical energy through electromagnetic induction principle, and its capture efficiency for medium and low frequency mechanical energy is high, which can effectively complement the piezoelectric power generation technology.

[0004] As of the end of 2022, China's total highway mileage reached 5.35 million kilometers, and the length of expressways reached 177,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world. This vast transportation network not only provides a broad carrier for road surface photovoltaic power generation, breaking the dependence of traditional photovoltaic on specific space, but also generates a large amount of mechanical energy in the process of vehicle rolling and road surface vibration, which has been in a state of natural dissipation for a long time, and is a "energy rich mine" that needs to be developed. Road surface vibration energy capture technology based on piezoelectric effect can efficiently recover high-frequency mechanical vibration energy by converting mechanical deformation caused by vehicle travel into electrical energy; while electromagnetic power generation technology can convert low-frequency, large-amplitude vibration energy on the road surface into electrical energy through the relative motion of the coil and the permanent magnet, and the combination of the two with road surface photovoltaic power generation can achieve comprehensive capture of mechanical energy at different frequency bands on the road surface. This technology does not require additional space and is compatible with existing road engineering, making it an irreplaceable development prospect in the field of transportation energy utilization and providing a new technical foothold for building a diversified clean energy system.

[0005] In the past research and practice, the related technical solutions have discussed the application of photovoltaic, piezoelectric and electromagnetic power generation combined on the road surface, but the existing photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic composite power generation technology generally has the following limitations: 1. Structure design: mostly using simple modular stacking method, the mechanical structure is relatively simple, and the integrated compression buffering mechanism is not designed for long-term heavy load and impact working conditions of the road surface, which leads to the photovoltaic, piezoelectric and electromagnetic units prone to looseness, displacement and even damage under dynamic load, and it is difficult to balance the bearing capacity and power generation efficiency; 2. System integration: the material system design is single, and there is a lack of collaborative design, the compatibility between photovoltaic materials, piezoelectric materials and electromagnetic materials is insufficient, and the performance complementarity is not fully tapped, which affects the energy conversion efficiency and restricts the long-term stability of the system; 3. Electric energy processing: the existing technology cannot effectively process the irregular current generated by electromagnetic induction, and lacks a systematic electric energy processing scheme for the unstable alternating current output by piezoelectric ceramics, and cannot build a complete electric energy conversion and regulation system containing key circuits such as rectification, filtering and voltage stabilization, resulting in unstable output power quality and difficulty in meeting actual power demand.

[0006] The above defects together lead to the difficulty of balancing the road bearing capacity, multi-energy conversion efficiency and system running stability of the existing technology, which becomes the core bottleneck restricting its large-scale application. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the comprehensive performance indicators of photovoltaic, piezoelectric and electromagnetic composite power generation system through innovative structure design, optimized material collaboration and improved electric energy management system. SUMMARY

[0007] To solve the problem that the existing power generation technology is difficult to balance the road bearing capacity, multi-energy conversion efficiency and system running stability, the present application provides a road power generation assembly integrating photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic.

[0008] In order to achieve the above technical effects, the technical scheme of the present application is as follows: A road power generation assembly integrating photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic, comprising: a photovoltaic power generation unit, a piezoelectric power generation unit, a vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit, an electromagnetic power generation unit, an energy processing unit and a protection unit; the protection unit is wrapped on the outer side of the assembly, and the photovoltaic power generation unit, the piezoelectric power generation unit, the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit, the energy processing unit and the electromagnetic power generation unit are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the inner side of the protection unit.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical scheme of the present application are: This invention provides a road surface power generation module integrating photovoltaic, piezoelectric, and electromagnetic technologies. Through comprehensive protection of the protection unit and orderly top-down layout, the integrated photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic road surface power generation module achieves the coordinated operation of photovoltaic power generation units, piezoelectric power generation units, and electromagnetic power generation units. Combined with the precise capture of mechanical energy of different frequencies by the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit and the systematic adjustment of the energy processing unit, it not only breaks through the limitations of single energy utilization but also solves the problems of imbalance between load-bearing capacity and efficiency and insufficient power quality in traditional composite technologies, providing an efficient and stable integrated solution for the energy utilization of road surfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a road surface power generation component integrating photovoltaic, piezoelectric, and electromagnetic elements in one embodiment. Figure 2 This is a diagram of the external protective load-bearing structure of the road composite component in one embodiment; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of a piezoelectric power generation unit in one embodiment; Figure 4 An exploded view of the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit and the electromagnetic power generation unit in one embodiment; Figure 5 This is a side view of the combination of the pressing transmission cap and the limiting fastener in one embodiment; Figure 6 This is a top view of the internal structure of the spring limiting sleeve in one embodiment; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the combination of the magnet array rotating disk and the transmission trigger disk in one embodiment.

[0011] In the diagram: 1. Photovoltaic power generation unit; 101. High pressure-resistant light-transmitting plate; 102. Photovoltaic cell array; 103. Elastic protective layer; 2. Piezoelectric power generation unit; 201. Multilayer piezoelectric ceramic sheet; 3. Vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit; 301. Pressing transmission cap; 302. Limiting and fixing component; 303. Reset spring; 304. Spring limiting sleeve; 305. Transmission trigger plate; 306. Helical transmission rod; 307. Bearing; 4. Electromagnetic power generation unit; 401. Magnet array rotating disk; 402. Induction coil module; 4021. Coil frame array; 4022. Induction coil; 403. Coil bearing base; 5. Energy processing unit; 6. Protection unit; 601. High-strength external protective layer; 602. Photovoltaic brick base; 603. Spring buffer layer; 604. Square mounting slot; 605. Spring limiting bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein with reference to the attached drawings. The description of the exemplary embodiments is intended to apply to any embodiment of the application, unless specifically stated otherwise. It is to be understood that other embodiments can be utilized, and structural or procedural changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, the following detailed description is not intended to be limiting.

[0013] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0014] It is to be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It is to be understood that the terms "including," "comprising," "consisting" and "consisting essentially of' when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0015] The application will be described in greater detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0016] Embodiment 1 The embodiment provides a road power generation assembly integrating photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic, as shown in the structural diagram of Figure 1 The embodiment provides a road power generation assembly integrating photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic, as shown in the structural diagram of The embodiment provides a road power generation assembly integrating photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic, as shown in the structural diagram of

[0017] In an alternative embodiment, the bottom of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 and the photovoltaic brick base 602 of the protection unit 6 are connected by a horizontal transverse plate of a high-strength external protection layer 601 and a spring buffer layer 603 connected to the transverse plate, and the output end of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is electrically connected to the input end of the energy processing unit 5; a groove is formed at the top of the photovoltaic brick base 602 of the protection unit 6, and the piezoelectric power generation unit 2 is embedded in the groove, and the output end of the piezoelectric power generation unit 2 is electrically connected to the input end of the energy processing unit 5; the bottom of the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit 3 is drivingly connected to the top of the electromagnetic power generation unit 4; the electromagnetic power generation unit 4 is fixed to the inner bottom of the protection unit 6, and the output end of the electromagnetic power generation unit 4 is electrically connected to the input end of the energy processing unit 5; the energy processing unit 5 is used to receive and process the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power generation unit 1, the piezoelectric power generation unit 2, and the electromagnetic power generation unit 4.

[0018] In this embodiment, the entire assembly is tightly wrapped by a high-strength external protection layer, which has excellent waterproof, corrosion-resistant, and weather-resistant properties. Through the synergistic effect of photovoltaic and electromagnetic power generation, the energy conversion efficiency is significantly improved, while the power generation performance and road bearing function are taken into account.

[0019] Embodiment 2 This embodiment explains in detail the external protection bearing structure of the road surface composite assembly, the piezoelectric power generation unit 2, the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit 3, and the electromagnetic power generation unit 4 based on Embodiment 1.

[0020] In an alternative embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 includes a high-voltage light-transmitting plate 101, a photovoltaic cell array 102, and an elastic protection layer 103; the high-voltage light-transmitting plate 101 is located at the uppermost layer of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1, and the bottom of the high-voltage light-transmitting plate 101 is fixedly attached to the top of the photovoltaic cell array 102; the photovoltaic cell array 102 is located between the high-voltage light-transmitting plate 101 and the elastic protection layer 103, and the bottom of the photovoltaic cell array 102 is embedded in the elastic protection layer 103; the elastic protection layer 103 is located at the lowermost layer of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1, and the bottom of the elastic protection layer 103 is connected to the photovoltaic brick base 602 of the protection unit 6 through a horizontal transverse plate of a high-strength external protection layer 601 and a spring buffer layer 603 connected to the transverse plate; the photovoltaic cell array 102 is composed of a plurality of single-crystal silicon photovoltaic cell panels connected in parallel, and an anti-backflow diode is connected in series on each branch of the single-crystal silicon photovoltaic cell panel.

[0021] Further, the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 is composed of a high-voltage light-transmitting plate 101, a photovoltaic cell array 102 and an elastic protective layer 103. The light-transmitting plate is located at the uppermost layer and has excellent compression strength and wear resistance, and can withstand long-term rolling of vehicles. The photovoltaic cell array 102 is embedded in the elastic protective layer 103, which is composed of elastic rubber and can buffer external impact force to protect the internal components. It not only protects the photovoltaic cells from mechanical impact, but also buffers the impact energy generated by vehicle driving. The photovoltaic cell array 102 is composed of multiple single-crystal silicon photovoltaic cell panels connected in parallel, and an anti-reverse flow diode is connected in series on each branch of the photovoltaic cell to prevent current backflow, ensuring independent and stable operation of each branch, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and system power generation capacity.

[0022] In an alternative embodiment, the protection unit 6 includes a high-strength external protective layer 601, a photovoltaic brick base 602, a spring buffer layer 603, a square mounting groove 604 and a spring limiting seat 605. The high-strength external protective layer 601 is a closed hollow shell structure, constituting the outer protection of the protection unit 6. The photovoltaic brick base 602 is arranged inside the high-strength external protective layer 601, and the outer peripheral wall of the photovoltaic brick base 602 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the high-strength external protective layer 601. The photovoltaic brick base 602 is provided with a square mounting groove 604 at the top. The spring limiting seat 605 is in the form of a ring, and the outer circle of the spring limiting seat 605 is fixedly connected with the groove wall of the square mounting groove 604. The inner circle of the spring limiting seat 605 is provided with a limiting slot in the circumferential direction. The spring buffer layer 603 is composed of buffer springs, and each group of buffer springs is embedded in the corresponding limiting slot at the top, and the bottom of the buffer spring abuts against the top end surface of the piezoelectric power generation unit 2.

[0023] For example, the photovoltaic brick base 602 is made of high-strength environmentally friendly materials, which not only has high mechanical strength and can withstand long-term heavy load and frequent impact, but also meets environmental protection requirements and reduces environmental burden. The spring buffer layer 603 can stably disperse and buffer the impact of vehicle load on the photovoltaic cell, disperse and stabilize the stress of the displacement-rotation conversion unit, and conduct the load to the multilayer stacked piezoelectric ceramics to make it deform. The high-strength external protective layer 601 is made of weather-resistant and wear-resistant composite protective materials, which have excellent wear resistance and anti-aging performance. By tightly wrapping the overall structure, it not only ensures the long-term stability and durability of the internal structure, but also has excellent waterproof, corrosion-resistant and weather-resistant properties, which can adapt to various harsh environments and ensure the reliability of the components during long-term use.

[0024] In an alternative embodiment, the piezoelectric power generation unit 2 comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets 201 stacked vertically and a plurality of electrode layers, each electrode layer being sandwiched between two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets; each electrode layer comprises two parallel conductive electrodes, which are respectively attached to the opposite end faces of the adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets; the same polarity end of all piezoelectric ceramic sheets is connected by a wire to form the positive output terminal of the piezoelectric power generation unit 2, and the other polarity end of all piezoelectric ceramic sheets is connected by a wire to form the negative output terminal of the piezoelectric power generation unit 2, and the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal together form the power output terminal of the piezoelectric power generation unit 2.

[0025] Further, the piezoelectric power generation unit 2 uses piezoelectric ceramic sheets and adopts a mechanical series and electrical parallel mode to form a stacked piezoelectric ceramic assembly. By optimizing the interlayer electrode layout and pressure conduction path, not only the strength of the piezoelectric effect is improved, but also the output voltage and current are increased.

[0026] Further, Figure 2 The piezoelectric power generation unit 2 is embedded in the road surface composite assembly, and the high-voltage transparent plate 101 is arranged on the top of the piezoelectric power generation unit 2. Figure 3 The piezoelectric power generation unit 2 is embedded in the road surface composite assembly, and the high-voltage transparent plate 101 is arranged on the top of the piezoelectric power generation unit 2.

[0027] Further, the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets 201 are arranged inside the square mounting groove 604.

[0028] In an alternative embodiment, the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit 3 comprises a pressing transmission cap 301, a limiting fixing member 302, a reset spring 303, a spring limiting sleeve 304, a transmission trigger disc 305, a spiral transmission rod 306 and a bearing 307; the top end surface of the pressing transmission cap 301 is in abutment with the bottom end surface of the horizontal transverse plate of the high-strength outer protective layer 601, and the lower end of the pressing transmission cap 301 is fixed with the limiting fixing member 302 and the spring limiting sleeve 304; the lower end of the limiting fixing member 302 is connected with the spiral transmission rod 306; the spiral transmission rod 306 is provided through the spring limiting sleeve 304 and the transmission trigger disc 305; the spring limiting sleeve 304 has an annular structure with open upper and lower ends, and is sleeved outside the spiral transmission rod 306; the reset spring 303 is sleeved outside the spiral transmission rod 306, the top of the reset spring 303 is in abutment with the inner bottom wall of the limiting fixing member 302, and the bottom of the reset spring 303 is in abutment with the inner bottom of the spring limiting sleeve 304; the transmission trigger disc 305 is sleeved outside the spiral transmission rod 306, and the inner side wall of the transmission trigger disc 305 is adapted to the outer peripheral wall of the spiral transmission rod 306; the inner ring of the bearing 307 is fixed to the top of the coil bearing base 403 of the electromagnetic power generation unit 4, and the outer ring of the bearing 307 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the magnet array rotating disc 401 of the electromagnetic power generation unit 4.

[0029] Further, Figure 4The exploded view of the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit 3 and the electromagnetic power generation unit 4 is shown. When an external force acts on the pressing transmission cap 301, the pressing transmission cap 301 receives the external force and moves axially downward, driving the screw transmission rod 306 to move axially synchronously; the screw transmission rod 306 converts the axial displacement into rotary motion through its own screw; at this time, the limiting fixed part 302 limits the axial displacement stroke of the screw transmission rod 306 on the one hand, and provides compression support for the return spring 303 on the other hand, so that the return spring 303 is compressed axially under the constraint of the spring limiting sleeve 304; the transmission trigger disc 305 rotates synchronously with the screw transmission rod 306, and the transmission trigger disc 305 transmits the rotary motion to the magnet array rotating disc 401 through the meshing structure inside the magnet array rotating disc 401, drives it to rotate with the transmission trigger disc 305, and a bearing 307 is fixed in the middle of the coil bearing base 403, the outer wall of the bearing 307 is bonded and fixed with the lower part of the inner wall of the magnet array rotating disc 401, because the bearing 307 reduces the rotary friction, the magnet array rotating disc 401 can obtain more rotation cycles, the magnet array rotating disc 401 is placed on the coil rack array 4021, and each coil rack is wound with multiple layers of coils, which is convenient for efficiently strengthening the effect of coil cutting magnetic induction lines, and further improves the generation efficiency of induced current; when the external force is removed, the return spring 303 rebounds, and under the guidance of the spring limiting sleeve 304, the pressing transmission cap 301 is pushed to reset axially, and then drives the screw transmission rod 306 to move upward, in this process, the limiting fixed part 302 and the screw transmission rod 306 only move upward without rotating, the transmission trigger disc 305 rotates upward, and the magnet array rotating disc 401 is disconnected from the transmission relationship with the transmission trigger disc 305, and is no longer driven to rotate, only relying on inertia to complete the remaining rotation stroke, realizing the conversion of one complete vertical displacement and rotary motion, the side view of the combination of the pressing transmission cap 301 and the limiting fixed part 302 is shown in Figure 5 , the internal structure of the spring limiting sleeve 304 is shown in Figure 6 , and the combination of the magnet array rotating disc 401 and the transmission trigger disc 305 is shown in Figure 7 .

[0030] In an alternative embodiment, the electromagnetic power generation unit 4 comprises a magnet array rotating disc 401, an induction coil 4022 module 402 and a coil bearing base 403; the coil bearing base 403 is vertically arranged as a cylindrical structure; the induction coil 4022 module 402 comprises a coil holder array 4021 and a plurality of induction coils 4022, the coil holder array 4021 is a plurality of annular coil holders arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the coil bearing base 403, and the plurality of annular coil holders are arranged on the upper surface of the coil bearing base 403; the plurality of induction coils 4022 correspond to the plurality of annular coil holders one-to-one, and each induction coil 4022 is wound around the outer peripheral wall of the corresponding annular coil holder; the magnet array rotating disc 401 is an open-top and open-bottom cylindrical sleeve structure, the magnet array rotating disc 401 is integrally sleeved outside the induction coil 4022 module 402 after the bottom of the magnet array rotating disc 401 is sleeved with a bearing 307, and the top inner side wall of the magnet array rotating disc 401 is drivingly connected to the bottom of the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit 3, and the magnet array rotating disc 401 is provided with permanent magnets in the circumferential direction.

[0031] Further, the protection unit 6 comprises a photovoltaic brick base 602, a spring buffer layer 603 and a high-strength external protection layer 601. A plurality of layers of stacked piezoelectric ceramics are placed in a groove formed on the photovoltaic brick base 602 to form a piezoelectric power generation unit 2; the electromagnetic power generation unit 4 is integrated below the photovoltaic brick base 602, wherein a specially designed permanent magnet array precisely matches the induction coil 4022 to form an optimized magnetic circuit structure. When the vehicle is rolled over, the pressure drives the disc with magnets to rotate through the screw rod mechanism of the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit 3, so that the fixed coil generates an induced current due to the change of magnetic flux.

[0032] In an alternative embodiment, the permanent magnets on the inner side wall of the magnet array rotating disc 401 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, the N poles and S poles of adjacent permanent magnets are arranged alternately, and the N poles of adjacent permanent magnets are arranged upward and downward respectively; the induction coils 4022 are connected in series as a whole and arranged in a quadrature winding mode.

[0033] Further, the electromagnetic power generation unit 4 is composed of a magnet array rotating disc 401, an induction coil 4022 module 402 and a coil bearing base 403. An optimized magnetic circuit structure is designed, which is composed of a permanent magnet array and a plurality of winding coil assemblies, wherein the permanent magnet array is arranged alternately with N-S polarity, the N poles of adjacent permanent magnets are arranged upward and downward respectively, and an optimized closed magnetic circuit is formed. A plurality of induction coils 4022 are connected in series as a whole and precisely arranged in a quadrature winding mode. This design makes the magnetic flux distribution more uniform through the alternate arrangement of polarity, increases the effective length of the conductor through the series connection of coils, and significantly improves the power generation performance through the cooperative matching of magnetic poles and coils, thereby realizing the optimization of overall efficiency.

[0034] Embodiment 3 This embodiment is further explained on the basis of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.

[0035] In an alternative embodiment, the energy processing unit 5 comprises a rectifier module, a filter module, a voltage stabilizing module and anti-reverse flow diodes; the input end of the rectifier module is electrically connected with the output end of the electromagnetic power generation unit 4, and the output end of the rectifier module is electrically connected with the input end of the filter module; the output end of the filter module, the output end of the photovoltaic power generation unit 1 and the output end of the piezoelectric power generation unit 2 are respectively electrically connected with the input end of the voltage stabilizing module through the anti-reverse flow diodes; and the output end of the voltage stabilizing module is the power output end of the assembly.

[0036] Further, the energy processing unit 5 outputs in parallel after rectification, filtering and voltage stabilization of the induced current and the photovoltaic electric energy. The energy processing unit 5 is to parallel the direct current output by the photovoltaic cell array 102 with the direct current output by the piezoelectric power generation unit 2 after rectification and filtering and the direct current output by the electromagnetic power generation unit 4; at the same time, anti-reverse flow diodes are configured on the photovoltaic output branch, the piezoelectric power generation unit 2 output branch and the electromagnetic power generation unit 4 output branch respectively, and the unidirectional conduction characteristics of the anti-reverse flow diodes are used to effectively prevent the reverse flow of the current of each branch and avoid the energy backflow loss between different power sources, so as to ensure the stability and safety of the photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic composite power generation system output.

[0037] In an alternative embodiment, the total output power of the energy processing unit 5 combined with power generation is the total of the photovoltaic output power, the piezoelectric output power and the electromagnetic output power:

[0038] wherein, P 总 represents the total output power of the combined power generation, P pv represents the photovoltaic output power, P YD represents the piezoelectric output power, E total represents the electromagnetic output power; The photovoltaic output power is:

[0039] wherein, U represents the output voltage, represents the photo-generated current, represents the diode reverse saturation current, represents the unit charge, represents the photovoltaic cell output current, represents the series resistance in the photovoltaic panel, represents the ideal factor, represents the Boltzmann constant, denotes the battery temperature, denotes the parallel resistance; the piezoelectric output power is:

[0040] wherein, denotes the voltage source, denotes the capacitance, R denotes the load resistance, denotes the angular frequency of the stress variation; the electromagnetic output power is:

[0041] wherein, denotes the electromagnetic output power, denotes the average magnetic flux density of the coil, R out , R in denote the inner and outer radius of the coil, respectively, h c denotes the coil height, N denotes the total number of turns, ω denotes the angular velocity of rotation, d denotes the copper wire diameter, T is the period.

[0042] Further, in the equivalent model of a photovoltaic cell, the photo-generated current I ph is considered as an ideal current source. It can be expressed as:

[0043] wherein, I phr denotes the short-circuit current at reference temperature, k i denotes the temperature coefficient of the short-circuit current, T r denotes the reference temperature, T c denotes the battery temperature, S denotes the light intensity.

[0044] The current expression of the diode is:

[0045] wherein, q denotes the unit charge, A denotes the ideal factor, I s represents the reverse saturation current of the diode, R s denotes the series resistance within the photovoltaic panel,k denotes the Boltzmann constant.

[0046] reverse saturation current I s The expression is as follows:

[0047] wherein, E g denotes the bandgap of the semiconductor material, I or denotes the diode saturation current at the reference temperature.

[0048] The photovoltaic cell represents its own losses by means of series and parallel resistances, the leakage current flowing through the parallel resistance R sh I sh is expressed by the following equation:

[0049] wherein, U denotes the output voltage.

[0050] From the Kirchhoff's current law it follows that the output current of the photovoltaic cell I is:

[0051] From the above equations the I-U characteristic equation of the photovoltaic cell can be derived:

[0052] From the power equation it follows that the output power of the photovoltaic cell is:

[0053] In the case of the piezoelectric effect, the main expressions between the parameters of the piezoelectric crystal can be described by the piezoelectric constitutive equation, when the mechanical stress T and the electric field E are independent variables, the expressions of the electric displacement D and the strain S are:

[0054]

[0055] or, when the stress force S and the electric field E are independent variables, the expressions of the mechanical stress and the electric field are:

[0056] ​

[0057] where, is the elastic compliance under constant electric field, is the elastic stiffness under constant electric field, and are different piezoelectric strain constants (unit: C / N or m / V), and are dielectric constants under different conditions.

[0058] Simplifying the expression of the positive piezoelectric effect, under short circuit condition, i.e. its expression can be simplified as:

[0059] or

[0060] In practice, the piezoelectric constant and is a third-order tensor, reflecting the elastic and dielectric coupling of the piezoelectric crystal, and the expression can be written as:

[0061] or

[0062] where, D is the electric displacement, and are different piezoelectric strain constants, T is the mechanical stress, S is the strain force, where m =1, 2, 3, i, j =1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

[0063] When a stress T is applied to the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic, the generated electric charge , and the capacitance of the piezoelectric ceramic , so it can be deduced that under open circuit condition, the voltage formula of the piezoelectric ceramic can be written as:

[0064] where, A is the force area, T is the applied stress, d is the piezoelectric charge constant, is the free dielectric constant, t is the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic.

[0065] The current of the piezoelectric ceramic is determined by the rate of change of the electric charge with time, i.e. , which is brought into the formula The short-circuit current formula is:

[0066] The power of piezoelectric ceramic can be equivalent to the power of voltage source , capacitor C , load resistance R , which is:

[0067] where, is the angular frequency of stress change, when the load resistance is matched with the capacitive reactance, the expression of maximum output power is:

[0068] The coil is a radial distribution winding, and the average magnetic flux is obtained by integrating with respect to radius. First, define the cross section of the coil:

[0069] where, , are the inner and outer radii of the coil (unit: m), is the radius of the coil The magnet is a cylinder, and the magnetic field along the axis is:

[0070] Because the coil has a radial thickness, the average magnetic flux density is obtained by integrating with respect to radius:

[0071]

[0072] where, is the residual magnetism (unit: T), is the distance from the bottom surface of the magnet to the center of the coil, is the height of the magnet, is the height of the coil, is the air gap from the bottom surface of the magnet to the top surface of the coil (unit: m) The average magnetic flux per turn is , the "effective length" direction of the coil height direction through the coil turn), so:

[0073] where, is the total number of turns, is the angular velocity of rotation (rad / s), is the rotation time.

[0074] Expression of induced electromotive force:

[0075] The coil resistance is considered as the average length of turns x the number of turns:

[0076]

[0077] wherein, is the resistivity of copper, is the copper wire diameter (unit: m), is the cross-sectional area of a single copper wire,

[0078] Total energy per cycle:

[0079] The total output power of the combined power generation is the sum of the photovoltaic output power, the piezoelectric output power, and the electromagnetic output power:

[0080]

[0081] Each embodiment in the present application is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between each embodiment can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments. In particular, for the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, it is described more simply, and the relevant part can be referred to the part of the method embodiment. The device embodiment described above is only exemplary, and the modules described as separate components can or can not be physically separated, and the functions of each module can be implemented in the same or multiple software and / or hardware when implementing the present application. Part or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0082] Obviously, the above-described embodiments of the present application are only examples for clearly explaining the present application, and are not intended to limit the implementation manner of the present application. Based on the above description, any other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art. Here, it is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.​

Claims

1. A road surface power generation component integrating photovoltaic, piezoelectric, and electromagnetic technologies, characterized in that, include: The photovoltaic power generation unit (1), piezoelectric power generation unit (2), vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit (3), electromagnetic power generation unit (4), energy processing unit (5) and protection unit (6) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the inner side of the component.

2. The integrated photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic road surface power generation component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) and the photovoltaic brick base (602) of the protection unit (6) are structurally connected by a horizontal plate of a high-strength external protective layer (601) and a spring buffer layer (603) connected to the horizontal plate. The output end of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1) is electrically connected to the input end of the energy processing unit (5). The top of the photovoltaic brick base (602) of the protection unit (6) is provided with a groove, and the piezoelectric power generation unit (2) is embedded in the groove. The output end of the piezoelectric power generation unit (2) is electrically connected to the input end of the energy processing unit (5). The bottom of the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit (3) is connected to the top of the electromagnetic power generation unit (4). The electromagnetic power generation unit (4) is fixed to the bottom of the inner side of the protection unit (6), and the output end of the electromagnetic power generation unit (4) is electrically connected to the input end of the energy processing unit (5). The energy processing unit (5) is used to receive and process the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power generation unit (1), the piezoelectric power generation unit (2) and the electromagnetic power generation unit (4).

3. The integrated photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic road surface power generation component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation unit (1) includes a high-pressure resistant light-transmitting plate (101), a photovoltaic cell array (102), and an elastic protective layer (103). The high-pressure resistant light-transmitting plate (101) is located on the top layer of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1), and the bottom of the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting plate (101) is attached and fixed to the top of the photovoltaic cell array (102). The photovoltaic cell array (102) is located between the high-pressure resistant light-transmitting plate (101) and the elastic protective layer (103), and the bottom of the photovoltaic cell array (102) is embedded in... Inside the elastic protective layer (103); the elastic protective layer (103) is located at the bottom of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1). The bottom of the elastic protective layer (103) and the photovoltaic brick base (602) are connected by a horizontal plate of the high-strength external protective layer (601) and a spring buffer layer (603) connected to the horizontal plate. The photovoltaic cell array (102) is composed of multiple monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panels connected in parallel. Each monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel has an anti-reverse current diode connected in series on its branch.

4. The integrated photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic road surface power generation component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The protection unit (6) includes a high-strength outer protective layer (601), a photovoltaic brick base (602), a spring buffer layer (603), a square mounting groove (604), and a spring limiting bracket (605). The high-strength outer protective layer (601) is a closed hollow shell structure, which constitutes the outer protection of the protective unit (6); the photovoltaic brick base (602) is set inside the high-strength outer protective layer (601), the outer peripheral wall of the photovoltaic brick base (602) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the high-strength outer protective layer (601), and the top of the photovoltaic brick base (602) is provided with a square mounting groove (604); the spring limiting card seat (605) is a ring structure, the outer ring of the spring limiting card seat (605) is fixedly connected to the groove wall of the square mounting groove (604), and the inner ring of the spring limiting card seat (605) is provided with a limiting card groove along the circumference; the spring buffer layer (603) is composed of buffer springs, the buffer springs correspond one-to-one with the limiting card grooves, the top of each set of buffer springs is embedded in the corresponding limiting card groove, and the bottom of the buffer springs abuts against the top end face of the piezoelectric power generation unit (2).

5. The integrated photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic road surface power generation component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The piezoelectric power generation unit (2) includes multiple layers of piezoelectric ceramic sheets (201), which are stacked vertically in sequence. An electrode layer is sandwiched between two adjacent layers of piezoelectric ceramic sheets. Each electrode layer includes two parallel conductive electrodes, which are respectively attached to the opposite end faces of the adjacent piezoelectric ceramic sheets. The same polarity ends of all the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are converged by wires to form the positive output end of the piezoelectric power generation unit (2), and the other polarity ends of all the piezoelectric ceramic sheets are converged by wires to form the negative output end of the piezoelectric power generation unit (2). The positive output end and the negative output end together constitute the power output end of the piezoelectric power generation unit (2).

6. The integrated photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic road surface power generation component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit (3) includes a pressing transmission cap (301), a limiting fixing member (302), a return spring (303), a spring limiting sleeve (304), a transmission trigger plate (305), a spiral transmission rod (306), and a bearing (307); the top end face of the pressing transmission cap (301) abuts against the bottom end face of the horizontal plate of the high-strength outer protective layer (601), and the lower end of the pressing transmission cap (301) is fixed to the limiting fixing member (302) and the spring limiting sleeve (304); the lower end of the limiting fixing member (302) is connected to the spiral transmission rod (306); the spiral transmission rod (306) passes through the spring limiting sleeve (304) and the transmission trigger plate (305); the spring limiting sleeve (304) has two upper and lower parts. The ring structure with an open end is sleeved on the outside of the helical drive rod (306); the return spring (303) is sleeved on the outside of the helical drive rod (306), the top of the return spring (303) abuts against the inner bottom wall of the limiting fixing member (302), and the bottom of the return spring (303) abuts against the inner bottom of the spring limiting sleeve (304); the transmission trigger disk (305) is sleeved on the outside of the helical drive rod (306), and the inner wall of the transmission trigger disk (305) is adapted to the outer peripheral wall of the helical drive rod (306); the inner ring of the bearing (307) is fixed to the top of the coil bearing base (403) of the electromagnetic power generation unit (4), and the outer ring of the bearing (307) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the magnet array rotating disk (401) of the electromagnetic power generation unit (4).

7. A road surface power generation component integrating photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The electromagnetic power generation unit (4) includes a magnet array rotating disk (401), an induction coil (4022) module (402), and a coil support base (403); the top of the coil support base (403) is a vertically arranged cylindrical structure; the induction coil (4022) module (402) includes a coil frame array (4021) and multiple sets of induction coils (4022), the coil frame array (4021) is multiple sets of annular coil frames arranged sequentially at intervals along the axial direction of the coil support base (403), and the multiple sets of annular coil frames are arranged on the upper surface of the coil support base (403); multiple sets of induction coils The coil (4022) corresponds one-to-one with multiple sets of annular coil frames, and each set of induction coils (4022) is wound on the outer peripheral wall of the corresponding annular coil frame; the magnet array rotating disk (401) is a cylindrical sleeve structure with openings at the top and bottom. The bottom of the magnet array rotating disk (401) is fitted with a bearing (307), and then the inner ring of the bearing (307) is fitted on the outside of the induction coil (4022) module (402). The top inner side wall of the magnet array rotating disk (401) is connected to the bottom of the vertical displacement-rotation conversion unit (3) via transmission. The magnet array rotating disk (401) is provided with permanent magnets along the circumference.

8. The integrated photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic road surface power generation component according to claim 7, characterized in that, The permanent magnets of the rotating disk (401) of the magnet array are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, and the N poles and S poles of adjacent permanent magnets are alternately arranged, with the N poles of adjacent permanent magnets facing upwards and downwards respectively; the induction coils (4022) are connected in series and arranged in an orthogonal winding manner.

9. A road surface power generation component integrating photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The energy processing unit (5) includes a rectifier module, a filter module, a voltage regulator module, and an anti-reverse diode; the input terminal of the rectifier module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the electromagnetic power generation unit (4), and the output terminal of the rectifier module is electrically connected to the input terminal of the filter module; the output terminal of the filter module, the output terminal of the photovoltaic power generation unit (1), and the output terminal of the piezoelectric power generation unit (2) are respectively electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator module through the anti-reverse diode; the output terminal of the voltage regulator module is the power output terminal of the component.

10. A road surface power generation component integrating photovoltaic-piezoelectric-electromagnetic as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The total output power of the combined power generation of the energy processing unit (5) is: in, P 总 This indicates the total output power of the combined power generation. P pv Indicates photovoltaic output power. P YD Indicates the piezoelectric output power. E total Indicates electromagnetic output power; The photovoltaic output power is: Where U represents the output voltage. Indicates photocurrent, Indicates the reverse saturation current of the diode. Represents a unit charge. Indicates the output current of the photovoltaic cell. This indicates the series resistance within the photovoltaic panel. Represents the ideal factor. This represents Boltzmann's constant. Indicates battery temperature. Indicates parallel resistance; The piezoelectric output power is: in, Indicates a voltage source. Indicates capacitance. R Indicates the load resistance. The angular frequency representing the stress change; The electromagnetic output power is: in, Indicates electromagnetic output power. This represents the average magnetic flux density of the coil. R out , R in These represent the inner and outer radii of the coil, respectively. h c Indicates the coil height. N Indicates the total number of turns. ω Indicates rotational angular velocity. d Indicates the diameter of the copper wire. T It is a periodicity.

Images