Vehicle security rating application handover between network devices

Abstract

Apparatus, methods, and computer-readable media for performing wireless communication are disclosed. For example, a first network device may send a handover message to one or more network devices for handover by the first network device of a communication coverage of a vehicle to a second network device of the one or more network devices. The handover message includes one or more security ratings required by the vehicle. The first network device may receive, from at least one network device of the one or more network devices, at least one response message transmitted in response to the handover message.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communications in general. For example, aspects of this disclosure relate to systems and techniques for providing security rating (e.g., Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL)) application handover between network devices (e.g., between base stations (BS)). Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications and data services, including telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Broadband wireless communication systems have evolved through several generations, including first-generation analog wireless telephone service (1G), second-generation (2G) digital wireless telephone service (including the transitional 2.5G networks), third-generation (3G) high-speed data wireless devices with internet capabilities, and fourth-generation (4G) services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE), WiMax). Examples of wireless communication systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) systems, and others. Other wireless communication technologies include 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and others. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile standard demands higher data transmission speeds, a greater number of connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, the 5G standard (also known as “New Radio” or “NR”) is designed to provide tens of megabits per second of data rate to each of tens of thousands of users.

[0003] Wireless communication can encompass various aspects of direct communication between devices, such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X), vehicle-to-network (V2N), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and / or device-to-device (D2D) communication. In some cases, network devices providing communication coverage to a vehicle (such as base stations (e.g., 5G NR base stations)) can hand over the vehicle's communication coverage to another nearby network device. For example, the network device can use signaling (e.g., wireless communication, such as V2X) between itself and the vehicle, and between itself and another network device, to perform the handover process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a simplified summary of the invention relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, this summary should not be considered an exhaustive overview relating to all conceived aspects, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements relating to all conceived aspects or to depict the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary presents certain concepts in a simplified form relating to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein, preceding the detailed description that follows.

[0005] Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for performing wireless communication are disclosed. According to at least one exemplary example, a first network device for wireless communication is provided. The first network device includes at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: transmit a handover message to one or more network devices via at least one transceiver for handing over communication coverage of a vehicle to a second network device among the one or more network devices, wherein the handover message includes one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle; and receive, via the at least one transceiver, at least one response message transmitted from at least one of the one or more network devices in response to the handover message.

[0006] In another exemplary example, a method for wireless communication performed at a first network device is provided. The method includes: sending a handover message to one or more network devices for handing over communication coverage of a vehicle to a second network device among the one or more network devices, wherein the handover message includes one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle; and receiving at least one response message transmitted in response to the handover message from at least one of the one or more network devices.

[0007] In another exemplary example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for a first network device is provided, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: send a handover message to one or more network devices via at least one transceiver for handing over communication coverage of a vehicle to a second network device among the one or more network devices by the first network device, wherein the handover message includes one or more security ratings required by the vehicle; and receive, via the at least one transceiver, at least one response message transmitted from at least one of the one or more network devices in response to the handover message.

[0008] In another exemplary example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided. The apparatus includes: components for sending a handover message to one or more network devices for handing over communication coverage of a vehicle to a second network device among the one or more network devices by the first network device, wherein the handover message includes one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle; and components for receiving at least one response message transmitted in response to the handover message from at least one of the one or more network devices.

[0009] The aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems, as fully described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and description.

[0010] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure have been summarized quite extensively above in order to provide a better understanding of the detailed description that follows. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily used as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, in both their organization and manner of operation, and the associated advantages, will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the drawings provided is for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a limitation of the definitions in the claims.

[0011] While aspects are described herein by way of example, those skilled in the art will understand that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The techniques described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or package arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user equipment, vehicles, communication equipment, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / shopping devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating the described aspects and features may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers). The aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user equipment of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0012] Based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description, other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Examples of specific implementations are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures: Figure 1 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network based on some examples; Figure 2These are illustrations of base station and user equipment (UE) designs based on some examples, which enable the transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station; Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station based on some examples; Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating the components of a user device based on some examples; Figure 5 This is an example diagram illustrating a system for ASIL application handover between network devices, based on some examples, where only one second network device exists; Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for ASIL application handover between network devices, based on some examples, where multiple second network devices are present; Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for ASIL application handover between network devices, based on some examples, where a second network device and a third network device are present; Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating example processes for wireless communication according to various aspects of this disclosure; and Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system used to implement certain aspects of this technology. Detailed Implementation

[0014] Certain aspects and embodiments of this disclosure are provided below. Some of these aspects and embodiments may be applied independently, and some may be combined, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Specific details are set forth in the following description for purposes of explanation in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments of this application. However, it will be apparent, however, that the various embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. The accompanying drawings and descriptions are not intended to be limiting.

[0015] The following description provides only exemplary embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of this disclosure. Rather, the subsequent description of exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with enabling descriptions for implementing the exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that various changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements without departing from the spirit and scope of this application as set forth in the appended claims.

[0016] Wireless communication systems are deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, including telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Wireless communication systems have undergone several generations of development. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile standard demands higher data transmission speeds, a greater number of connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, the 5G standard (also known as "New Radio" or "NR") is designed to provide tens of megabits per second of data rate to each of tens of thousands of users.

[0017] Vehicles are examples of systems that may include wireless communication capabilities. For example, vehicles (e.g., motorized vehicles, autonomous vehicles, semi-autonomous vehicles, aircraft, ships, etc.) can communicate with other vehicles and / or other devices with wireless communication capabilities (such as base stations). Wireless vehicle communication systems encompass vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications, as well as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communications (e.g., data entering the grid, such as for the purpose of actively managing energy in electric vehicles or other electrical equipment or systems), all of which are collectively referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. V2X communications are vehicle communication systems that support the wireless transmission of information from a vehicle to other entities within the transportation system that may affect and / or assist the vehicle (e.g., base stations, other vehicles, pedestrians with smartphones, vulnerable road users (VRUs) equipped with smart devices (such as cyclists), roadside units (RSUs), and / or other transportation infrastructure). The main purpose of V2X technology is to improve road safety, fuel efficiency, and traffic efficiency.

[0018] Vehicles may need to comply with certain safety ratings. For example, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines the Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) for automobiles and provides a set of associated reliability values ​​that a vehicle's systems, components, and / or projects must meet to achieve a specific ASIL rating. ASIL is a risk classification system defined by the ISO 26262 standard for the functional safety of road vehicles. This standard defines functional safety as "the absence of an unreasonable risk arising from the failure of an electrical or electronic system." ASIL establishes safety requirements for vehicle components to comply with ISO 26262 based on the likelihood and acceptability of hazards.

[0019] There are four levels of ASIL as identified by ISO 26262: A, B, C, and D. ASIL A represents the lowest level of vehicle hazard, while ASIL D represents the highest level. For example, systems such as airbags, anti-lock braking systems (ABS), and power steering require ASIL-D, which represents the highest level of stringency applied to safety assurance due to the high risk associated with their failure. At the other end of the safety spectrum, components such as taillights only require ASIL-A. Headlights and brake lights typically require ASIL-B, while cruise control usually requires ASIL-C.

[0020] Modules and / or components using wired and / or wireless communication links within a vehicle also have defined ASILs. The ASIL of wired communication links within a vehicle is typically fixed because the communication channel does not change significantly, and the link can be designed to adapt to any changes. Wired communication links are closed systems capable of withstanding external interference. Wireless communication links within a vehicle have variable reliability because these links experience varying environments and external interference. Similarly, the reliability of wireless communication between a vehicle and another entity (e.g., network equipment, base station, another vehicle, or RSU) depends on the environment, network coverage, and network congestion. The use of autonomous driving within a vehicle requires a reliable connection between the vehicle and the network (e.g., via network equipment such as base stations).

[0021] For automotive applications (such as autonomous driving applications) that require an ASIL rating for their associated wireless network, the wireless communication signaling between the network device (e.g., a base station) and the vehicle, and / or between the network device and the cloud (e.g., a cloud server), should be designed to ensure seamless service for the application. For example, when a vehicle (such as an autonomous vehicle) is located within a communication coverage area provided by a network device (e.g., a base station), the network device may provide communication coverage to the vehicle (e.g., for performing automotive applications, such as autonomous driving applications). The communication coverage area may include a geographic coverage area for which the network device (e.g., a base station) provides communication coverage to one or more communication devices (such as one or more UEs (e.g., vehicles)) (e.g., using one or more communication resources to receive and / or transmit information). In some cases, the communication coverage area may be referred to as a "cell." For example, as described herein (e.g., regarding...). Figure 1 As described, a cell may include a geographical coverage area of ​​a base station, wherein a carrier frequency can be detected and used by that geographical coverage area (e.g., Figure 1 Communication devices (e.g., UEs) within the geographical coverage area 110 communicate.

[0022] When a vehicle leaves the coverage area of ​​a network device, the network device will need to hand over the vehicle's communication coverage to another nearby network device located in the area the vehicle is heading to. The network device can perform the handover process using signaling (e.g., wireless communication, such as V2X) between itself and the vehicle, and between itself and the other network device. The network device will select the other network device to hand over the vehicle's communication coverage based on whether the other network device can maintain the required ASIL rating. Techniques for handing over the vehicle's communication coverage from one network device (e.g., a first base station) to another network device (e.g., a second base station) while maintaining the required ASIL rating of the associated wireless network may be advantageous.

[0023] In one or more aspects of this disclosure, systems, apparatus, methods (also referred to as processes), and computer-readable media (collectively referred to herein as "systems and technologies") are described for providing a security rating (e.g., ASIL) application handover between network devices. In one or more aspects, these systems and technologies provide solutions for ASIL application handover between base stations, such as between a first base station and a second base station.

[0024] In one or more aspects, for the handover of communication coverage of a vehicle from a first base station to a second base station, the vehicle may transmit a handover message to the first base station (which may forward messages to the second base station) or the second base station. This handover message may be used by the first base station to perform the handover of communication coverage of the vehicle to another base station (e.g., to the second base station or other base stations). In one or more examples, the handover message may include, but is not limited to, the required ASIL rating (e.g., Class A, Class B, Class C, or Class D); configuration parameters of the vehicle (e.g., communication-related, such as the number of antennas, the location of antennas indicated by a specific index, the year of the vehicle, the brand of the vehicle, etc.); the required rate, latency, and reliability of the vehicle's ASIL-related applications; the route of the vehicle; and / or the destination of the vehicle.

[0025] In one or more examples, the second base station may use a handover message that includes the information previously described to calculate whether the second base station is capable of meeting the required ASIL rating and / or to calculate the best ASIL rating that the second base station can achieve. For example, the second base station may calculate the necessary communication resources (e.g., the number of resource blocks) required to meet the ASIL rating. The use of this information allows the second base station to easily determine whether it is capable of meeting the ASIL rating or to determine the best ASIL that the second base station can achieve. This determination may be beneficial when there are multiple available candidate base stations for handover.

[0026] In one or more aspects, when multiple base stations (e.g., multiple second base stations) are available for the handover of communication coverage for a vehicle, a first base station may transmit a query message to the multiple base stations to check whether any of these base stations can meet the required ASIL rating. In one or more examples, each of the multiple base stations may transmit to the first base station: a bit indicating whether the base station can achieve the required ASIL rating; an indication of the best ASIL rating that can be achieved; and / or the rate, latency, or reliability that can be achieved. In some cases, each of the multiple base stations may also transmit an indication of the range (e.g., distance) of coverage that the base station can provide. The first base station may then select a "qualified" base station from the multiple base stations to perform the handover. When multiple candidate base stations (e.g., multiple second base stations) are available for handover, this handover process provides a solution for determining the appropriate base station for the handover of communication coverage for a vehicle.

[0027] In one or more examples, when a first base station determines that no "qualified" base station is available for handover, the task (e.g., the task of processing one or more communication signals) can be split among multiple base stations (e.g., multiple second base stations), where each base station can assume a portion of the communication load and processing task. For example, if a vehicle has six cameras for video capture, two second base stations can each process video from three of these cameras. Each of these multiple base stations can send its maximum traffic load to the first base station to achieve a specific ASIL rating. The first base station can select which of these base stations the vehicle will be handed over to and will send signaling to notify the selected base station of the vehicle. This handover process provides a solution when no "qualified" base station is available for handover, in which case multiple base stations can share the communication / processing load.

[0028] In one or more aspects, (e.g., for a second, third, fourth, etc.) a deep base station search may be performed by the first base station to determine eligible base stations located further along the route of the vehicle for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle. This deep base station search process may allow handover to multiple base stations located along a specific route of the vehicle.

[0029] Additional aspects of this disclosure are described in more detail below.

[0030] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Network Entity” are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT), unless otherwise specified. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, and / or tracking device, etc.), wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, smart glasses, wearable ring, and / or extended reality (XR) device (such as virtual reality (VR) headset, augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or mixed reality (MR) headset)), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), and / or Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., for a user to use to communicate over a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" can be interchangeably referred to as "access terminal" or "AT," "client device," "wireless device," "subscriber device," "subscriber terminal," "subscriber station," "user terminal," or "UT," "mobile device," "mobile terminal," "mobile station," or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks such as the Internet and other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on the IEEE 802.11 communication standard), etc.

[0031] Network entities can be implemented in a converged or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a decomposed base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. A base station (e.g., with a converged / monolithic or decomposed base station architecture) may operate according to one of several RATs communicating with the UE (depending on the network in which it is deployed), and may alternatively be referred to as an access point (AP), network node, NodeB (NB), evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), new radio (NR) NodeB (also known as gNB or gNodeB), etc. The base station may primarily be used to support the UE's radio access, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UE. In some systems, the base station may provide edge node signaling functions, while in others, it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which a UE transmits signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which a base station transmits signals to a UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, or forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) can refer to uplink, reverse or downlink, and / or forward traffic channel.

[0032] The terms "network entity" or "base station" (e.g., having a converged / monolithic base station architecture or a decomposed base station architecture) can refer to a single physical transmit / receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may be co-located or non-co-located. For example, when the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, these physical TRPs may be an antenna array of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected via a transmission medium to a common source) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, a non-co-located physical TRP may be a serving base station receiving measurement reports from a UE and a neighboring base station where the UE is measuring its reference radio frequency (RF) signal (or simply "reference signal"). As used in this article, a TRP is the point by which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, so any mention of transmitting from or receiving at a base station should be understood as referring to a specific TRP of the base station.

[0033] In some specific implementations supporting UE positioning, network entities or base stations may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections regarding the UE), but instead may transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., in the case of transmitting signals to the UE) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0034] RF signals comprise electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information across the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver can be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, where the context clearly indicates that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or RF signal, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal.”

[0035] Various aspects of the systems and technologies described herein will be discussed below with reference to the accompanying drawings. According to these aspects, Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. In some aspects, base station 102 may also be referred to as a “network entity” or a “network node.” One or more base stations in base station 102 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally or alternatively, one or more base stations in base station 102 may be implemented in a decomposed base station architecture and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. Base station 102 may include macro cell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, macro cell base stations may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs (where wireless communication system 100 corresponds to a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network), or gNBs (where wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0036] Base station 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with core network 170 (e.g., evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC)) via backhaul link 122, and interface with one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of core network 170 or external to core network 170) via core network 170. Among other functions, base station 102 can perform functions related to one or more of the following: delivering user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of warning messages. Base station 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC or 5GC) via backhaul link 134 (which may be wired and / or wireless).

[0037] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station in base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographical coverage area 110. In one aspect, base station 102 in each coverage area 110 can support one or more cells. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access for different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or other protocol types). Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting the logical communication entity, depending on the context. Furthermore, since the TRP is typically the physical transmission point of the cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" may also refer to the geographic coverage area (e.g., sector) of a base station, provided that a carrier frequency can be detected within a portion of the geographic coverage area 110 and that carrier frequency is used for communication within that portion.

[0038] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macro cell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some areas within geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macro cell base stations can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0039] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. Communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. Communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric for downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink compared to the uplink).

[0040] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a WLAN AP 150 communicating with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a Free Channel Assessment (CCA) or Listen-After-Talk (LBT) process before communication to determine if the channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include devices (e.g., UEs, etc.) that communicate with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc., using ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum may range from 3.1 GHz to 10.5 GHz.

[0041] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technologies and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as WLAN AP 150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE and / or 5G in unlicensed spectrum can enhance coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0042] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate at mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 182. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in a converged or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a decomposed base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of a CU, DU, RU, near-RT RIC, or non-RT RIC). Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio frequency (RF). EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band can be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW extends down to frequencies of 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 mm. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW and / or near-mmW radio bands has high path loss and relatively short range. mmW base station 180 and UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on mmW communication link 184 to compensate for extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it should be understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0043] In some aspects related to 5G, the spectrum operated by wireless network nodes or entities (e.g., base station 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 MHz to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In multi-carrier systems such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the "primary carrier," "anchor carrier," "primary serving cell," or "PCell," and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers," "secondary serving cells," or "SCell." In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by UE 104 / 182 and the cell, where UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure in that cell. The primary carrier carries all common control channels as well as UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier on a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be configured and used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier on an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals; for example, since the primary uplink and primary downlink carriers are typically UE-specific, those UE-specific signaling information and signals may not be present on the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency and / or component carrier through which some base stations are communicating, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0044] For example, still refer to Figure 1One of the frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("SCell"). In carrier aggregation, each carrier of base station 102 and / or UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz), with up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. Component carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other in the spectrum. Carrier allocation may be asymmetrical with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to downlink compared to uplink). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers enables UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, two aggregated 20 MHz carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) compared to the data rate obtained by a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0045] To operate on multiple carrier frequencies, base station 102 and / or UE 104 may be equipped with multiple receivers and / or transmitters. For example, UE 104 may have two receivers, namely "Receiver 1" and "Receiver 2", where "Receiver 1" is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to band "X" or band "Y", and "Receiver 2" is a single-band receiver that can be tuned to only band "Z". In this example, if UE 104 is being served in band "X", then band "X" will be referred to as PCell or active carrier frequency, and "Receiver 1" will need to tune from band "X" to band "Y" (SCell) to measure band "Y" (and vice versa). In contrast, regardless of whether UE 104 is being served in band "X" or band "Y", due to the separate "Receiver 2", UE 104 can measure band "Z" without interrupting service on band "X" or band "Y".

[0046] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a UE 164, which can communicate with the macro cell base station 102 on the communication link 120 and / or with the mmW base station 180 on the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support PCells and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0047] The wireless communication system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as "side links"). Figure 1 In one example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through this D2D P2P link), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLAN STA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through this D2D P2P link). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can use any known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), Wi-Fi Direct (Wi-Fi-D), Bluetooth). ® (etc.) to support.

[0048] Figure 2 A block diagram of a base station 102 and a UE 104 designed according to some aspects of this disclosure is shown, which enables the transmission and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station. Design 200 includes components of base station 102 and UE 104, which may be... Figure 1 The base station 102 is a base station and the UE 104 is a UE. The base station 102 may be equipped with T antennas 234a to 234t, and the UE 104 may be equipped with R antennas 252a to 252r, wherein typically T≥1 and R≥1.

[0049] At base station 102, transmitting processor 220 can receive data for one or more UEs from data source 212, select one or more modulation and decoding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channel quality indicators (CQI) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmitting processor 220 can also process system information (e.g., semi-static resource allocation information (SRPI), etc.) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper-layer signaling, channel state information, channel state feedback, etc.), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. Transmitting processor 220 can also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 can perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols, where applicable, and can provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a to 232t. The modulators 232a to 232t are shown as combined modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMODs). In some cases, the modulator and demodulator can be separate components. Each modulator in the modulators 232a to 232t can process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator in the modulators 232a to 232t can further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The T downlink signals can be transmitted from the modulators 232a to 232t via T antennas 234a to 234t, respectively. Based on some aspects described in more detail below, position coding can be used to generate synchronization signals to transmit additional information.

[0050] At UE 104, antennas 252a to 252r can receive downlink signals from base station 102 and / or other base stations and can provide the received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a to 254r respectively. Demodulators 254a to 254r are shown as combined modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMODs). In some cases, the modulator and demodulator can be separate components. Each demodulator in demodulators 254a to 254r can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and digitize) the received signal to obtain an input sample. Each demodulator in demodulators 254a to 254r can further process the input sample (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain the received symbols. MIMO detector 256 can obtain the received symbols from all R demodulators 254a to 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols (if applicable), and provide the detected symbols. The receiver processor 258 can process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide the decoded data for UE 104 to the data sink 260, and provide the decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280. The channel processor can determine the Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and / or Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), etc.

[0051] On the uplink, at UE 104, the transmit processor 264 can receive and process data from data source 262 and control information from controller / processor 280 (e.g., reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, channel state information, and / or channel state feedback, etc.). The transmit processor 264 can also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals (e.g., based at least in part on β values ​​or sets of β values ​​associated with the one or more reference signals). Symbols from the transmit processor 264 can be pre-decoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, further processed by modulators 254a to 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM and / or CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to base station 102. At base station 102, uplink signals from UE 104 and other UEs can be received by antennas 234a to 234t, processed by demodulators 232a to 232t, detected by MIMO detector 236 where applicable, and further processed by receiver processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 104. Receiver processor 238 can provide the decoded data to data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller (processor) 240. Base station 102 may include communication unit 244 and communicates with network controller 231 via communication unit 244. Network controller 231 may include communication unit 294, controller / processor 290, and memory 292.

[0052] In some respects, one or more components of UE 104 may be included in the housing. These include the controller 240 of base station 102, the controller / processor 280 of UE 104, and / or... Figure 2 Any other component may perform one or more techniques associated with determining the implicit uplink control information (UCI) beta value for NR.

[0053] Memory 242 and 282 may store data and program code for base station 102 and UE 104, respectively. Scheduler 246 may schedule UE for data transmission on downlink, uplink and / or sidelink.

[0054] In some respects, the deployment of communication systems (such as 5G New Radio (NR) systems) can involve a variety of components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements or network equipment (such as base stations (BS)) or one or more units (or components) performing base station functionality can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, BSs (such as Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit / receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as standalone BS or monolithic BS) or decomposed base stations.

[0055] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decentralized base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, DUs, and RUs may also be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0056] Base station type operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations advocated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. Individual units in a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to communicate wirelessly with at least one other unit.

[0057] Figure 3A diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station 300 architecture is shown. The decomposed base station 300 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 310, which may communicate directly with the core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 325 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both. CUs 310 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 330 via corresponding midhaul links (such as F1 interfaces). DUs 330 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 340 via corresponding fronthaul links. RUs 340 may communicate with a corresponding UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0058] Each of these units (e.g., CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO frame 305) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each of these units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wired transmission media. Additionally, these units may include wireless interfaces that may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as radio frequency (RF) transceivers) configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wireless transmission media, or both.

[0059] In some aspects, the CU 310 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), or Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, the CU 310 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. The CU 310 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling purposes, as needed.

[0060] DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 340s. In some aspects, DU 330 may at least partially host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) according to functional partitioning (such as that defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 330 or with control functions hosted by CU 310.

[0061] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RU 340s. In some deployments, an RU340 controlled by a DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or both, based at least in part on functional decomposition (such as lower-layer functional decomposition). In such architectures, the RU 340 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 104s. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration enables the implementation of the DU 330 and CU 310 in cloud-based RAN architectures such as vRAN architectures.

[0062] SMO framework 305 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, SMO framework 305 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with cloud computing platforms such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 390 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via cloud computing platform interfaces such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325. In some implementations, SMO framework 305 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with one or more RU 340s via the O1 interface. SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 305.

[0063] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 325, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as via an E2 interface, connecting one or more CU 310s, one or more DU 330s, or both, and O-eNBs to the near-RT RIC 325.

[0064] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and can be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to modulate RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0065] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system 470 employing electronic device 407, which may be used by the disclosed system and technology for measurement fusion in multi-target sensing using a UE. Electronic device 407 is an example of a device that may include hardware and software for connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems using communication networks (e.g., third-generation partner networks, such as fifth-generation (5G) / new radio (NR) networks, fourth-generation (4G) / long-term evolution (LTE) networks, WiFi networks, or other communication networks). For example, electronic device 407 may include network equipment or part of such network equipment, such as a base station (e.g., a 3GPP gNB for 5G / NR, a 3GPP eNB for LTE, a Wi-Fi AP, or other base station) or components of a base station, components of a disassembled base station (e.g., a central unit, a distributed unit, and / or a radio unit), a vehicle or components of a vehicle, a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone), a wearable device (e.g., a network-connected or smartwatch), an extended reality device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device), a personal computer, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wireless access point, a router, a server computer, robotic equipment, and / or other equipment used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network. In some cases, such as when referring to a device configured to communicate using 5G / NR, 4G / LTE, or other telecommunications standards, device 407 may be referred to as user equipment (UE). In some cases, such as when referring to a device configured to communicate using a Wi-Fi standard, the device may be referred to as a station (STA).

[0066] The computing system 470 includes software and hardware components that can be electrically coupled or communicatively coupled (or otherwise communicated, as applicable) via a bus 489. For example, the computing system 470 includes one or more processors 484. The one or more processors 484 may include one or more CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, APs, GPUs, VPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, dedicated hardware, any combination thereof, and / or other processing devices and / or systems. The bus 489 may be used by the one or more processors 484 to communicate between cores and / or with one or more memory devices 486.

[0067] The computing system 470 may also include one or more memory devices 486, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 482, one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) 474, one or more modems 476, one or more wireless transceivers 478, one or more antennas 487, one or more input devices 472 (e.g., camera, mouse, keyboard, touchscreen, touchpad, keypad, microphone or microphone array, etc.) and one or more output devices 480 (e.g., display, speaker, printer, etc.).

[0068] One or more wireless transceivers 478 can receive wireless signals (e.g., signal 488) from one or more other devices such as other user equipment, network devices (e.g., base stations such as evolved Node B (eNB) and / or gNode B (gNB)), WiFi access points (APs) such as routers, range extenders, etc.), cloud networks, etc., via antenna 487. In some examples, computing system 470 may include multiple antennas or antenna arrays that can facilitate simultaneous transmission and reception functionality. Antenna 487 may be an omnidirectional antenna, enabling the reception and transmission of RF signals from all directions. Wireless signal 488 may be transmitted via a wireless network. The wireless network can be any wireless network, such as a cellular or telecommunications network (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), a wireless local area network (e.g., a WiFi network), a Bluetooth™ network, and / or other networks. In some examples, one or more wireless transceivers 478 may include an RF front end, which includes one or more components such as amplifiers, mixers (also known as signal multipliers) for down-converting signals, frequency synthesizers (also known as oscillators) that provide signals to the mixers, baseband filters, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), one or more power amplifiers, and other components. The RF front end generally handles the selection of the wireless signal 488 and the conversion of that wireless signal to baseband or intermediate frequency, and can convert the RF signal to the digital domain.

[0069] In some cases, computing system 470 may include a decoder-decoder device (or codec) configured to encode and / or decode data transmitted and / or received using one or more wireless transceivers 478. In some cases, computing system 470 may include an encryption-decryption device or component configured to encrypt and / or decrypt data transmitted and / or received by one or more wireless transceivers 478 (e.g., according to Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and / or Data Encryption Standard (DES) standards).

[0070] One or more SIMs 474 may each securely store an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and associated key assigned to a user of electronic device 407. The IMSI and key can be used to identify and authenticate the subscriber when accessing a network provided by a network service provider or operator associated with one or more SIMs 474. One or more modems 476 may modulate one or more signals to encode information to be transmitted using one or more wireless transceivers 478. One or more modems 476 may also demodulate signals received by one or more wireless transceivers 478 to decode the transmitted information. In some examples, one or more modems 476 may include a WiFi modem, a 4G (or LTE) modem, a 5G (or NR) modem, and / or other types of modems. One or more modems 476 and one or more wireless transceivers 478 can be used to transmit data from one or more SIMs 474.

[0071] The computing system 470 may also include one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media or storage devices (e.g., one or more memory devices 486) (and / or communicate with them), which may include, but are not limited to, local and / or network-accessible storage devices, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices (such as RAM and / or ROM), which may be programmable, flash-updatable, and / or the like. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including but not limited to various file systems and / or database structures.

[0072] In various aspects, functionality may be stored in memory device 486 as one or more computer program products (e.g., instructions or code) and executed by one or more processors 484 and / or one or more DSPs 482. Computing system 470 may also include software elements (e.g., residing within one or more memory devices 486) including, for example, operating systems, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more application programs, which may include computer programs implementing the functionality provided by various aspects, and / or may be designed to implement methods and / or configure systems as described herein.

[0073] In some aspects, electronic device 407 may include components for performing the operations described herein. These components may include one or more components of computing system 470. For example, components for performing the operations described herein may include one or more of input device 472, SIM 474, modem 476, wireless transceiver 478, output device 480, DSP 482, processor 484, memory device 486, and / or antenna 487.

[0074] In some aspects, electronic device 407 may include components for providing joint communication and sensing, as well as components for measurement fusion in multi-target sensing using the UE, for example, when multiplexing sensing signals and communication signals for joint communication and sensing (JCS). In some examples, any or all of these components may include one or more wireless transceivers 478, one or more modems 476, one or more processors 484, one or more DSPs 482, one or more memory devices 486, any combination thereof, or other components of electronic device 407.

[0075] As previously mentioned, ISO defines ASIL and provides a set of associated reliability values ​​that a vehicle's systems, components, and / or projects must meet to achieve a specific ASIL rating. The four ASIL levels identified by ISO 26262 are Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class D, where Class A represents the lowest level of vehicle hazard (e.g., including components such as taillights) and Class D represents the highest level of vehicle hazard (e.g., including components such as airbags, anti-lock brakes, power steering, etc.).

[0076] Modules and / or components using wired and / or wireless communication links within a vehicle also possess the ASIL defined in ISO 26262. The ASIL of wired communication links within a vehicle is generally fixed because the communication channel does not change significantly, and the link can be designed to adapt to any changes. Wired communication links are closed systems resistant to external interference. Wireless communication links within a vehicle exhibit variable reliability because these links are subjected to varying environments and external interference. Similarly, the reliability of wireless communication between a vehicle and another entity (e.g., network equipment, base station, another vehicle, or RSU) depends on the environment, network coverage, and network congestion. The use of autonomous driving within a vehicle requires a reliable connection between the vehicle and the network (e.g., via network equipment such as a base station).

[0077] For automotive applications (such as autonomous driving applications) that require an ASIL rating for their associated wireless network, the wireless communication signaling between the network device (e.g., a base station) and the vehicle, and / or between the network device and the cloud (e.g., a cloud server), should be designed to guarantee seamless service for the application. In one or more examples, when a vehicle (e.g., an autonomous vehicle) is within the communication coverage area of ​​a network device (e.g., a base station), the network device can provide communication coverage to the vehicle (e.g., for performing automotive applications, such as autonomous driving applications). When the vehicle leaves the coverage area of ​​the network device, the network device (e.g., a first base station) will need to hand over the communication coverage of the vehicle to another nearby network device (e.g., a second base station) located in the area the vehicle is heading to. The network device (e.g., the first base station) can perform the handover process using signaling (e.g., wireless communication, such as V2X) between the network device (e.g., the first base station) and the vehicle, and between the network device (e.g., the first base station) and another network device (e.g., the second base station). A network device (e.g., a first base station) will select another network device (e.g., a second base station) to hand over communication coverage to a vehicle based on whether that second network device (e.g., a second base station) can maintain the required ASIL rating. Techniques for transferring communication coverage from a network device (e.g., the first base station) to another network device (e.g., the second base station) while maintaining the required ASIL rating of the associated wireless network may be advantageous.

[0078] In some cases, these systems and technologies provide solutions for ASIL application handover between network devices. In one or more aspects, these systems and technologies provide solutions for ASIL application handover between base stations, such as between a first base station and a second base station.

[0079] In one or more aspects, Figure 5An example of the handover of communication coverage from a first network device to a second network device in a vehicle is shown. Specifically, Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 500 used for ASIL application handover between network devices, where only one second network device is present. Figure 5 In system 500, a first network device 510 (e.g., a first base station, such as in the form of a gNB), a second network device 520 (e.g., a second base station, such as in the form of a gNB), and a vehicle 530 (e.g., an autonomous vehicle) are shown. In one or more examples, Figure 5 The system 500 may have, for example Figure 5 The number of more or fewer first network devices 510, second network devices 520, and / or vehicles 530 shown. Figure 5 In the diagram, vehicle 530 is shown traveling along road 505 from left to right.

[0080] exist Figure 5 In system 500, vehicle 530 is wirelessly coupled to a first network device 510 (e.g., a first base station) as shown by wireless link 515, and the first network device 510 (e.g., a first base station) is communicatively coupled to a second network device 520 (e.g., a second base station) as shown by link 525 (e.g., via wired and / or wireless). Figure 5 In this context, vehicle 530 is within the coverage area of ​​first network device 510 (e.g., first base station), and the first network device 510 (e.g., first base station) is providing communication coverage to vehicle 530 while maintaining a wireless connection with a specific ASIL rating.

[0081] In one or more examples, for the handover of communication coverage of vehicle 530 from a first network device 510 (e.g., a first base station) to a second network device 520 (e.g., a second base station), while maintaining a wireless connection with a specific ASIL rating, the first network device 510 may transmit (e.g., via unicast) a handover message to the second network device 520 via link 525. In one or more examples, the handover message may include one or more security ratings required by vehicle 530 (e.g., for wireless communication with vehicle 530). Each of these security ratings may be an ASIL rating, such as having a level A, B, C, or D.

[0082] In some examples, the handover message may further include one or more parameters. These parameters may include, but are not limited to, one or more communication configuration parameters of vehicle 530, the required data rate of vehicle 530 for one or more applications related to the one or more security ratings, the required latency of the one or more applications, the required reliability of the one or more applications, the route of vehicle 530, and / or the destination of vehicle 530. In some aspects, the required data rate of applications related to the ASIL rating may indicate the minimum required data rate when using the application. In some cases, the required latency of applications related to the ASIL rating may indicate the maximum allowed communication latency of the communication link between vehicle 530 and a specific network device when using the application. In some examples, the required reliability of applications related to the ASIL rating may indicate the minimum required reliability of the communication link between vehicle 530 and a specific network device when using the application (e.g., based on network conditions such as network coverage and / or network congestion). The communication configuration parameters of vehicle 530 may include, but are not limited to, the number of antennas of vehicle 530, the location of these antennas on vehicle 530 (e.g., which may be represented by an index number), the brand associated with one or more antennas, the type of one or more antennas, the model of one or more antennas, the year of vehicle 530, the brand of vehicle 530, any combination thereof, and / or other parameters. In one or more examples, the route of vehicle 530 may be represented by a specific code (e.g., a route code), by one or more indices (e.g., a road segment identifier (ID)), and / or other representations. In some examples, the destination of vehicle 530 may be represented by a specific code (e.g., a destination code).

[0083] In one or more examples, the handover message can be an X-3 message or a message of a different type. In some examples, when the handover message is implemented within an X-3 message, additional fields for the security rating and parameters of the handover message can be added to the existing X-3 message.

[0084] In one or more examples, the second network device 520 may use the received safety rating and parameters of the vehicle 530 to determine (e.g., calculate) whether the second network device 520 can meet the required ASIL rating when providing communication coverage to the vehicle 530, or to determine (e.g., calculate) the optimal ASIL rating that the second network device 520 can achieve when providing communication coverage to the vehicle 530. In one or more examples, the second network device 520 may determine the optimal ASIL rating that the second network device 520 can achieve, taking into account additional factors related to the vehicle 530, including but not limited to the operation of the vehicle 530 (e.g., remote-operated driving and / or advanced driving of the vehicle 530), the quality of service (QoS) of the vehicle 530's wireless communication, and / or the wireless communication metrics of the vehicle 530's wireless communication (e.g., the percentage of detectable or correctable wireless communication errors). In one or more examples, the second network device 520 may determine the optimal ASIL rating that the second network device 520 can achieve, taking into account additional factors related to the second network device 520, such as its own communication quality. The second network device 520 is aware of its communication quality along the route of the vehicle 530 (e.g., along road 505). In some examples, the second network device 520 may use the security rating and parameters of the vehicle 530 to determine (e.g., calculate) the communication resources, such as the number of resource blocks (RBs), required to meet the desired ASIL rating.

[0085] In one or more examples, the second network device 520 may transmit a response message to the first network device 520 in response to a handover message (e.g., via link 525). In some examples, the response message may include an acknowledgment from the second network device 520 of acceptance of the handover of communication coverage of the vehicle 530 from the first network device 520. The first network device 520 may then receive the response message from the second network device 520.

[0086] In one or more aspects, Figure 6 An example of the handover of communication coverage in a vehicle from a first network device to a second network device among a plurality of second network devices is shown. Specifically, Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 600 for ASIL application handover between network devices, where multiple second network devices are present. Figure 6 In system 600, a first network device 610 (e.g., a first base station, such as in the form of a gNB), second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c (e.g., a second base station, such as in the form of a gNB), and a vehicle 630 (e.g., an autonomous vehicle) are shown. In one or more examples, Figure 6The system 600 may have, for example Figure 6 The number of more or fewer first network devices 610, second network devices 620, and / or vehicles 630 shown. Figure 6 In the diagram, vehicle 630 is shown traveling along road 605 from left to right.

[0087] exist Figure 6 In system 600, vehicle 630 is wirelessly coupled to a first network device 610 (e.g., a first base station) as shown by wireless link 615; the first network device 610 (e.g., a first base station) is communicatively coupled to a second network device 620a (e.g., a second base station) as shown by link 625a (e.g., via wired and / or wireless); the first network device 610 (e.g., a first base station) is communicatively coupled to a second network device 620b (e.g., a second base station) as shown by link 625b (e.g., via wired and / or wireless); and the first network device 610 (e.g., a first base station) is communicatively coupled to a second network device 620c (e.g., a second base station) as shown by link 625c (e.g., via wired and / or wireless). Figure 5 In this context, vehicle 630 is within the coverage area of ​​the first network device 610 (e.g., the first base station). Figure 5 In this context, a first network device 610 (e.g., a first base station) is providing communication coverage to a vehicle 630 while maintaining a wireless connection with a specific ASIL rating.

[0088] In one or more examples, for the handover of communication coverage of vehicle 630 from a first network device 610 (e.g., a first base station) to one of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c (e.g., a second base station), while maintaining a wireless connection with a specific ASIL rating, the first network device 610 may transmit (e.g., via broadcast) a handover message (e.g., a query message) to the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c via links 625, 625b, 625c, respectively. In one or more examples, the handover message may include one or more security ratings required by vehicle 630 (e.g., for wireless communication with vehicle 630). Each security rating may be an ASIL rating (e.g., having a level A, B, C, or D). In some examples, the handover message may further include one or more parameters (e.g., including...). Figure 5 (The parameters described in the description).

[0089] In one or more examples, each of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c may use the received security rating and parameters of the vehicle 630 to determine (e.g., calculate) whether it can meet the required ASIL rating when providing communication coverage to the vehicle 630, or to determine (e.g., calculate) the optimal ASIL rating it can achieve when providing communication coverage to the vehicle 630. In one or more examples, each of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c may determine its optimal ASIL rating by taking into account additional factors associated with the vehicle 630, which may include, but are not limited to, the operation of the vehicle 630 (e.g., remote-operated driving and / or advanced driving of the vehicle 630), the QoS of the vehicle 630's wireless communication, and / or the wireless communication metrics of the vehicle 630's wireless communication (e.g., the percentage of detectable or correctable wireless communication errors). In one or more examples, each second network device 620a, 620b, 620c may determine its optimal ASIL rating of achievement, taking into account additional factors relevant to itself, such as its own communication quality. Each second network device 620a, 620b, 620c is aware of its communication quality along the route of vehicle 630 (e.g., along road 605). In some examples, each second network device 620a, 620b, 620c may use the security rating and parameters of vehicle 630 to determine (e.g., calculate) the communication resources (e.g., the number of RBs) required to meet the desired ASIL rating.

[0090] In one or more examples, one or more of the second network devices 620a, 620b, and 620c may each respond to a handover message by transmitting a response message to the first network device 620 (e.g., via links 625a, 625b, and 625c, respectively). In some examples, the response message may include the capabilities (e.g., capability information) of the second network devices 620a, 620b, and 620c that transmitted the response message. In one or more examples, the capability information may include, but is not limited to: whether each of the one or more security ratings can be achieved by the second network devices 620a, 620b, and 620c; the highest (e.g., best) security rating among the one or more security ratings that can be achieved by the second network devices 620a, 620b, and 620c; the maximum traffic load (e.g., traffic per unit time, which can be expressed in megabits per second (Mbits / s)) for achieving the highest security rating among the one or more security ratings that can be achieved by the network devices 620a, 620b, and 620c; and the capability to... The highest data rate (e.g., the average or bottleneck value of the data rate of the communication coverage provided by a particular network device) that can be achieved by vehicle 630 for one or more applications related to the one or more security ratings; the lowest latency (e.g., the average or bottleneck value of the latency of the communication coverage provided by a particular network device) that can be achieved by vehicle 630 for the one or more applications; the reliability (e.g., the average or bottleneck value) that can be achieved by vehicle 630 for the one or more applications; and the maximum distance (e.g., range) of the communication coverage that can be achieved for vehicle 630. In one or more examples, for this capability, the response message may include a bit (e.g., 1 or 0) to indicate whether each of the one or more security ratings can be achieved by each of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c.

[0091] In one or more aspects, the first network device 610 may determine, based on the capabilities of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c, one or more “qualified” network devices for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle 630. The first network device 610 may determine that the second network device, based on its capabilities, can meet the one or more security ratings when providing communication coverage to the vehicle 630 (e.g., when the vehicle 630 is within the coverage area of ​​the second network device, such as along road 605), that the first network device 610 has the capability to do so.

[0092] In one or more examples, when the first network device 610 has determined that more than one of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c is a “qualified” network device, the first network device 610 may select one of these “qualified” network devices to hand over communication coverage of the vehicle 630 based on: random selection; providing the best achievable data rate for one or more applications of the vehicle 630 related to the one or more security ratings; providing the best achievable latency for the one or more applications; providing the best achievable reliability for the one or more applications; and / or providing the longest achievable distance (e.g., along the route of the vehicle) for communication coverage of the vehicle 630. As noted herein, the best achievable data rate, latency, reliability, and distance for each network device 620a, 620b, 620c may be provided as part of the capability information provided in a response message sent by the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c.

[0093] In some examples, when the first network device 610 has determined that none of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c is a “qualified” network device, the first network device 610 may select one of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c to hand over communication coverage of the vehicle 630 based on the best achievable security rating of each of one or more security ratings of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c. The first network device 610 may then transmit (e.g., via wireless link 615) the best achievable security rating of each of the one or more security ratings of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c to the vehicle 605, allowing the vehicle 605 to make any necessary adjustments (e.g., reduce the speed of the vehicle 605) to meet one or more desired security ratings.

[0094] In one or more examples, when the first network device 610 has determined that none of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c are “qualified” network devices, the first network device 610 may split one or more tasks (e.g., communication load and processing tasks) among more than one of the second network devices 620a, 620b, 620c. In one or more examples, one of these tasks may include processing one or more communication signals. For example, if the vehicle 605 has six cameras for video capture, two of the second network devices 620a, 620b may each process video from three of the cameras. In one or more examples, the first network device 610 may transmit (e.g., via wireless link 615) a notification message to the vehicle 605 instructing selected second network devices 620a, 620b to perform the one or more tasks (e.g., the execution of the one or more tasks is split).

[0095] In one or more aspects, Figure 7 An example of the handover of communication coverage for a vehicle is illustrated, wherein, in order to prevent the vehicle from being routed to an area where no network device (e.g., a base station) exists that meets one or more security ratings, while providing communication coverage to the vehicle, a first network device may perform a deep search of network devices to accept the handover. Specifically, Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 700 for ASIL application handover between network devices, where a second network device and a third network device are present. Figure 7 In system 700, a first network device 710 (e.g., a first base station, such as in the form of a gNB), a second network device 720 (e.g., a second base station, such as in the form of a gNB), a third network device 730 (e.g., a third base station, such as in the form of a gNB), and a vehicle 740 (e.g., an autonomous vehicle) are shown. In one or more examples, Figure 7 The system 700 may have, for example Figure 7 The illustration shows a greater or lesser number of first network devices 710, second network devices 720, third network devices 730, and / or vehicles 740. In some examples, Figure 7 System 700 may include, for example Figure 7 More types of network devices are shown (e.g., fourth network device, fifth network device, sixth network device, etc.). In Figure 7 In the diagram, vehicle 740 is shown traveling along road 705 from left to right.

[0096] exist Figure 7In system 700, vehicle 730 is wirelessly coupled to a first network device 710 (e.g., a first base station) as shown by wireless link 715; the first network device 710 (e.g., a first base station) is communicatively coupled to a second network device 720 (e.g., a second base station) as shown by link 725a (e.g., via wired and / or wireless); and the second network device 720 is communicatively coupled to a third network device 730 (e.g., a third base station) as shown by link 725b (e.g., via wired and / or wireless). Figure 7 In the process, vehicle 740 is within the coverage area of ​​first network device 710 (e.g., first base station), where first network device 710 (e.g., first base station) is providing communication coverage to vehicle 730 while maintaining a wireless connection with a specific ASIL rating.

[0097] In one or more examples, the first network device 710 may perform a deep base station search (e.g., for a second base station, a third base station, etc.) to determine qualified base stations located further along the route of the vehicle 740 (e.g., along road 705) for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle 740. This deep base station search process may allow handover to multiple base stations located along a specific route of the vehicle. In one or more examples, the first network device 710 may transmit (e.g., send) a deep search handover message to the second network device 720 via link 725a. In one or more examples, the deep search handover message may include one or more security ratings required by the vehicle 740 (e.g., for wireless communication with the vehicle 740) and parameters of the vehicle. In some examples, the second base station 720 may transmit (e.g., send) the deep search handover message to the third network device 730 via link 725b. The deep search handover message may be transmitted to subsequent network devices (e.g., base stations) located along the route (e.g., along road 750).

[0098] Network devices along the route (e.g., network devices 2 720 and 3 730) may transmit a response message to the first network device 710 in response to the deep search handover message (e.g., via links 725a, 725b). In some examples, the response message may include the capabilities of the network devices along the route (e.g., network devices 2 720 and 3 730). The first network device 710 may, based on the capabilities of the network devices along the route (e.g., network devices 2 720 and 3 730), determine one or more "qualified" network devices from among the network devices along the route for the handover of communication coverage for vehicle 740 as vehicle 740 travels along the route (e.g., along road 705).

[0099] In one or more examples, the first network device 710 may transmit (e.g., via wireless link 715) identified “qualified” base stations (e.g., network devices 2 720 and 3 730) located along the route of the vehicle 740 to the vehicle 740. In one or more examples, the first network device 710 may transmit this information to the vehicle 740 using a downlink (DL) for route selection. In some examples, the first network device 710 may transmit (e.g., send) this information directly to a vehicle navigation server (e.g., a web server, such as a cloud server) for reference.

[0100] In one or more examples, based on this information, vehicle 740 may determine one or more routes for the vehicle to travel to its destination location. Vehicle 740 may report (e.g., send) the one or more routes to first network device 710. In some examples, each route may be indicated by a route code, by one or more indexes (e.g., segment identifiers (IDs)), and / or other representations. For example, one or more route codes of the one or more routes may be passed (e.g., sent) from first network device 710 to other network devices (e.g., network device 2 720 and network device 3 730).

[0101] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a process 800 for performing wireless communication. Process 800 may be performed by a network device (e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 2 BS 102 Figure 4 Electronic equipment 407 Figure 5 Network equipment 510, Figure 6 Network equipment 610, Figure 7 Network equipment 710 and Figure 9 The network device may be a computing device, such as a base station (e.g., a 3GPP gNB for 5G / NR, a 3GPP eNB for LTE, a Wi-Fi AP, or other base station) or a component of a base station, a component of a decomposed base station (e.g., a central unit, a distributed unit, and / or a radio unit), or other types of computing devices. The operation of process 800 may be implemented in one or more processors (e.g., a computing system 900). Figure 4 processor 484, Figure 9 Software components that execute and run on the processor 910 or other processor. Furthermore, in process 800, the network device can transmit and receive signals, for example, through one or more antennas (e.g., Figure 2 Antennas 234a and 234t, and Figure 4Antenna 487) and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., Figure 4 This is achieved using a wireless transceiver 478.

[0102] At box 802, the network device (or its components, such as at least one transceiver) may send a handover message to one or more network devices (e.g., including different base stations) for the first network device to hand over the communication coverage of the vehicle to a second network device among the one or more network devices. The handover message includes one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle. For example, each of the one or more safety ratings may be a corresponding or different Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL). In some cases, the handover message further includes one or more parameters (e.g., one or more parameters). The one or more parameters may include one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle, the required data rate of one or more applications of the vehicle related to the one or more safety ratings, the required latency of the one or more applications, the required reliability of the one or more applications, the route of the vehicle (e.g., as indicated by route codes, indices, and / or other representations), the destination of the vehicle, any combination thereof, and / or other parameters. In some aspects, the one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle may include the number (e.g., quantity) of one or more antennas of the vehicle, the brand associated with the one or more antennas, the type of the one or more antennas, the model of the one or more antennas, the corresponding location of each of the one or more antennas on the vehicle, any combination thereof and / or other parameters of the vehicle.

[0103] At box 804, the network device (or a component thereof, such as at least one transceiver) may receive from at least one of the one or more network devices at least one network device at least one in response to the handover message. In some cases, the at least one response message includes a single response message. In this case, the single response message may include an acknowledgment from the second network device of the handover of acceptance of communication coverage of the vehicle.

[0104] In some cases, the one or more network devices include multiple network devices, and the at least one response message includes multiple response messages from the multiple network devices (e.g., one response message from each network device, such as a first response message from the second network device, a second response message from the third network device, etc.). Each of the multiple response messages may include the corresponding capabilities of each of the multiple network devices (e.g., as capability information) (e.g., the first response message from the second network device may include the capabilities of the second network device, the second response message from the third network device may include the capabilities of the third network device, and so on). In some cases, the capabilities of the network device included in the response messages of the plurality of response messages (e.g., provided as capability information in the response messages) may include: whether each of the one or more security ratings can be achieved by the network device; the highest security rating that the network device can achieve among the one or more security ratings; the maximum workload for achieving the highest security rating that the network device can achieve among the one or more security ratings; the highest data rate that the vehicle can achieve for one or more applications related to the one or more security ratings; the lowest latency that the vehicle can achieve for the one or more applications; the reliability that the vehicle can achieve for the one or more applications; the maximum distance that the communication coverage for the vehicle can achieve; any combination thereof and / or other capability information of the network device.

[0105] In some aspects, the network device (or its components, such as at least one processor) may determine the one or more qualified network devices for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle based on the corresponding capabilities of each of the one or more qualified network devices among the plurality of network devices, indicating that each of the one or more qualified network devices is capable of meeting the one or more security ratings required by the vehicle. For example, as mentioned above regarding Figure 6As described, the first network device 610 can determine one or more "qualified" network devices from among the second network devices 620a, 620b, and 620c for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle 630 based on the capabilities of the second network devices 620a, 620b, and 620c. The first network device 610 can determine that the second network device, based on its capabilities, can meet one or more safety ratings when providing communication coverage to the vehicle 630 (e.g., when the vehicle 630 is within the coverage area of ​​the second network device, such as along road 605), thus designating the second network device as a "qualified" network device. In some cases, the first network device 610 can hand over communication coverage for the vehicle 630 to the second network device, enabling the second network device to provide communication coverage for the vehicle 630 (e.g., by scheduling one or more communication resources).

[0106] In some aspects, the one or more qualified network devices include a plurality of qualified network devices (including the second network device). In such aspects, the network device (or a component thereof, such as at least one processor) may determine the second network device for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle from the plurality of qualified network devices based on at least one of the following and / or based on other factors: random selection; the second network device having the best achievable rate for one or more applications related to the one or more safety ratings for the vehicle among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable latency for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable reliability for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the longest achievable distance along the route of the vehicle for the communication coverage for the vehicle among the plurality of qualified network devices; any combination thereof.

[0107] In some cases, the network device (or its components, such as at least one processor) may determine that no qualified network device among the plurality of network devices is available for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle, for example, by indicating, based on the respective capabilities of each of the plurality of network devices, that none of the network devices can meet the one or more security ratings required by the vehicle. In such cases, the network device (or its components) may determine the second network device from the plurality of network devices for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle based on the best achievable security rating of each of the one or more security ratings of the plurality of network devices. In some examples, the network device (or its components, such as at least one transceiver) may send the best achievable security rating of each of the one or more security ratings to the vehicle. In some cases, when no qualified network device is determined, the network device (or its components) may split each of one or more tasks among more than one of the plurality of network devices. For example, each of the one or more tasks may include processing one or more communication signals. In some respects, the network device (or its components) may send a notification message to the vehicle, which instructs more than one of the plurality of network devices to perform one or more tasks.

[0108] In some cases, the at least one response message includes information associated with the handover of communication coverage of the vehicle by the second network device to a third network device among one or more network devices along the route of the vehicle. For example, as described herein, the first network device may (e.g., for a second base station, a third base station, a fourth base station, etc.) perform a deep base station search to identify qualified base stations located further along the route of the vehicle for the handover of communication coverage of the vehicle. This deep base station search process may allow handover to multiple network devices (e.g., base stations) located along the route of the vehicle.

[0109] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system used to implement certain aspects of this technology. Specifically, Figure 9 An example of a computing system 900 is illustrated. This computing system can be any computing device, such as constituting an internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any component thereof, wherein the components of the system communicate with each other using a connection 905. The connection 905 can be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection to a processor 910, such as in a chipset architecture. The connection 905 can also be a virtual connection, a networking connection, or a logical connection.

[0110] In some embodiments, the computing system 900 is a distributed system, wherein the functions described herein may be distributed across a data center, multiple data centers, a peer-to-peer network, etc. In some embodiments, one or more system components described represent a plurality of such components that each perform some or all of the functions described for which the component is used. In some embodiments, the components may be physical devices or virtual devices.

[0111] Example system 900 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 910 and a connection 905 that communicatively couples various system components, including system memories 915 such as read-only memory (ROM) 920 and random access memory (RAM) 925, to processor 910. Computing system 900 may include a cache 912 of high-speed memory that is directly connected to, closely adjacent to, or integrated into processor 910.

[0112] Processor 910 may include any general-purpose processor and hardware or software services, such as services 932, 934, and 936 stored in storage device 930, which are configured to control processor 910 and dedicated processors in which software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 910 may be a substantially completely independent computing system containing multiple cores or processors, buses, memory controllers, caches, etc. Multi-core processors may be symmetric or asymmetric.

[0113] To enable user interaction, the computing system 900 includes an input device 945 that can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for voice, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphic input, a keyboard, a mouse, motion input, voice input, etc. The computing system 900 may also include an output device 935 that can be one or more of a plurality of output mechanisms. In some instances, a multi-mode system allows the user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with the computing system 900.

[0114] The computing system 900 may include a communication interface 940, which typically governs and manages user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate the receipt and / or transmission of wired or wireless communications using wired and / or wireless transceivers, including utilizing audio jacks / plugs, microphone jacks / plugs, Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports / plugs, Apple... ™ Lightning ™ Ports / plugs, Ethernet ports / plugs, fiber optic ports / plugs, dedicated wired ports / plugs, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signal transmission, Bluetooth ™ Wireless signal transmission, Bluetooth ™Low-power (BLE) wireless signal transmission, IBEACON ™ Wireless signal transmission, including radio frequency identification (RFID) wireless signal transmission, near field communication (NFC) wireless signal transmission, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) wireless signal transmission, 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless signal transmission, wireless local area network (WLAN) signal transmission, visible light communication (VLC), global microwave access interoperability (WiMAX), infrared (IR) wireless signal transmission, public switched telephone network (PSTN) signal transmission, integrated services digital network (ISDN) signal transmission, ad hoc network signal transmission, radio wave signal transmission, microwave signal transmission, infrared signal transmission, visible light signal transmission, ultraviolet light signal transmission, wireless signal transmission along the electromagnetic spectrum, or some combination thereof. The communication interface 940 may also include one or more Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers or transceivers for determining the location of the computing system 900 based on one or more signals received from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), China's BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and Europe's Galileo GNSS. There are no limitations on operation on any particular hardware configuration, and therefore the underlying features here can be easily replaced to obtain improved hardware or firmware configurations as they are developed.

[0115] Storage device 930 may be a non-volatile and / or non-transitory and / or computer-readable storage device, and may be a hard disk or other type of computer-readable medium capable of storing data accessible by a computer, such as magnetic tape, flash memory cards, solid-state storage devices, digital multifunction disks, cartridges, floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magnetic stripes, any other magnetic storage media, flash memory, memristor memory, any other solid-state storage, CD-ROM, rewritable CD, DVD, Blu-ray Disc, holographic disc, another optical medium, Secure Digital (SD) card, microSD card, Memory Stick ®Cards, smart card chips, EMV chips, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards, mini / micro / nano / micro SIM cards, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, random access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash EPROM, cache memory (e.g., layer 1 (L1) cache, layer 2 (L2) cache, layer 3 (L3) cache, layer 4 (L4) cache, layer 5 (L5) cache, other (L#) cache), resistive random access memory (RRAM / ReRAM), phase change memory (PCM), spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM), another memory chip or cassette and / or combinations thereof.

[0116] Storage device 930 may include software services, servers, services, etc., which enable the system to perform functions when the code defining such software is executed by processor 910. In some embodiments, hardware services performing specific functions may include software components for performing functions stored in a computer-readable medium connected to necessary hardware components such as processor 910, connection 905, output device 935, etc. The term "computer-readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other media capable of storing, containing, or carrying instructions and / or data. Computer-readable media may include non-transitory media in which data can be stored and which does not include carrier waves and / or transient electronic signals propagated wirelessly or via a wired connection. Examples of non-transitory media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic disks or magnetic tapes, optical storage media such as compact discs (CDs) or digital versatile discs (DVDs), flash memory, memory, or memory devices. Computer-readable media may store code and / or machine-executable instructions thereon, which may represent procedures, functions, subroutines, programs, routines, subroutines, modules, software packages, classes, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or hardware circuitry by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc., may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means, including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

[0117] Specific details have been provided in the foregoing description to offer a thorough understanding of the various embodiments and examples presented herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that this application is not limited thereto. Therefore, although exemplary embodiments of this application have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concept can be embodied and adopted in a variety of other ways, and the appended claims are intended to be construed as including such variations, unless limited by prior art. Various features and aspects of the applications described above may be used individually or in combination. Furthermore, without departing from the broader scope of this specification, the embodiments can be used in any number of environments and applications beyond those described herein. Therefore, the specification and drawings should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive. For illustrative purposes, the methods are described in a particular order. It should be understood that in alternative embodiments, the methods may be performed in a different order than described.

[0118] For clarity, in some cases, this technology may be presented as comprising individual functional blocks, which include devices, device components, steps, or routines embodied in a method, either in software or a combination of hardware and software. Additional components may be used in addition to those shown in the figures and / or described herein. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these embodiments with unnecessary detail. In other cases, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without necessary detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

[0119] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above in general terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such specific implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0120] Individual implementations may be described above as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts, flow diagrams, data flow diagrams, structure diagrams, or block diagrams. Although flowcharts may describe operations as sequential processes, many operations within an operation may be executed in parallel or concurrently. Furthermore, the order of operations may be rearranged. A process terminates when its operations are completed, but a process may have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. A process may correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, the termination of the process may correspond to the function returning to the calling function or the main function.

[0121] The processes and methods described in the examples above can be implemented using stored computer-executable instructions or computer-executable instructions otherwise available from a computer-readable medium. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data that configure, or otherwise configure, a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or processing device to perform a function or group of functions. The portion may be accessible via a network of the computer resources used. The computer-executable instructions may be, for example, binary, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, or source code. Examples of computer-readable media that can be used to store the instructions, the information used, and / or information created during the methods according to the described examples include disks or optical discs, flash memory, USB devices with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, etc.

[0122] In some implementations, computer-readable storage devices, media, and memories may include cables or wireless signals containing bit streams, etc. However, when referred to, non-transitory computer-readable storage media explicitly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and the signals themselves.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description may, in some cases, be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0124] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or executed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof, and can take any form factor of various form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, program code or code segments (e.g., computer program products) for performing necessary tasks can be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. A processor can perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include: laptop computers, smartphones, mobile phones, tablet devices, or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rack-mounted devices, self-contained devices, etc. The functionality described herein can also be embodied in peripheral devices or interlocking cards. By further example, such functionality can also be implemented on circuit boards in different chips or different processes running on a single device.

[0125] Instructions, media for delivering such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example components for providing the functionality described in this disclosure.

[0126] The techniques described herein can also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such techniques can be implemented in any of a variety of devices, such as general-purpose computers, wireless communication devices (mobile phones), or integrated circuit devices with multiple uses, including applications in wireless communication devices (mobile phones) and other devices. Any feature described as a module or component can be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques can be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium comprising program code including instructions that, when executed, perform one or more of the methods, algorithms, and / or operations described above. The computer-readable data storage medium can form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging material. The computer-readable medium may include memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) (such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM)), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, etc. Alternatively or concurrently, the technology may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or conveys program code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed, read and / or executed by a computer, such as propagated signals or waves.

[0127] The program code can be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general-purpose microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits. Such a processor can be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; however, in alternatives, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Therefore, as used herein, the term "processor" may refer to any of the foregoing structures, any combination of the foregoing structures, or any other structure or means suitable for implementing the techniques described herein.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will understand that, without departing from the scope of this description, the less than (“<”) and greater than (“>”) symbols or terms used herein may be represented by less than or equal to (“>”) respectively. ") symbol and greater than or equal to (" The symbol ) is used instead.

[0129] When a component is described as being “configured” to perform certain operations, such configuration can be achieved, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operations, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operations, or any combination thereof.

[0130] The phrase “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” means that any component is physically connected directly or indirectly to another component, and / or that any component is in communication with another component directly or indirectly (e.g., connected to that other component via a wired or wireless connection and / or other suitable communication interface).

[0131] The claim language or other language that states "at least one of" and / or "one or more of" in a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfy the claim. For example, the claim language that states "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" means A, B, or A and B. In another example, the claim language that states "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" means A, B, C, or A and B or A and C or B and C, A and B and C, or any repeating information or data (e.g., A and A, B and B, C and C, A and A and B, etc.), or any other ordering, repetition, or combination of A, B, and C. The language "at least one of" and / or "one or more of" in a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, the language of a claim stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" may refer to A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B. The phrases "at least one" and "one or more" are used interchangeably herein.

[0132] Claims using phrases such as "at least one processor, configured to," "at least one processor configured to," "one or more processors, configured to," or "one or more processors configured to," or other languages, indicate that one or more processors (in any combination) are capable of performing associated operations. For example, a claim stating "at least one processor, configured to: X, Y, and Z" means that a single processor can be used to perform operations X, Y, and Z; or that multiple processors are each assigned a specific subset of tasks to perform operations X, Y, and Z, such that the multiple processors together perform X, Y, and Z; or that a group of multiple processors work together to perform operations X, Y, and Z. In another example, a claim stating "at least one processor, configured to: X, Y, and Z" may mean that any single processor can perform only a subset of operations X, Y, and Z.

[0133] When referring to one or more elements that perform functions (e.g., steps of a method), one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may jointly perform these functions. When more than one element jointly performs these functions, each function does not need to be performed by every single element (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements), and / or each function does not need to be performed by only one element as a whole (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function). Similarly, when referring to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., a device) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause another element to perform all functions, or more than one element may be jointly configured to cause another element to perform these functions.

[0134] When referring to an entity that performs or is configured to perform functions (e.g., steps of a method) (e.g., any entity or device described herein), the entity may be configured to cause one or more elements (individually or collectively) to perform those functions. One or more components of the entity may include at least one memory, at least one processor, at least one communication interface, another component configured to perform one or more of those functions, and / or any combination thereof. When referring to an entity that performs functions, the entity may be configured to cause one component to perform all functions, or to cause more than one component to perform those functions collectively. When the entity is configured to cause more than one component to perform those functions collectively, each function does not need to be performed by every single component (e.g., different functions may be performed by different components), and / or each function does not need to be performed by only one component as a whole (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of a function).

[0135] The exemplary aspects of this disclosure include: Aspect 1. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: transmit a handover message to one or more network devices via at least one transceiver for handing over communication coverage of a vehicle to a second network device among the one or more network devices by the first network device, wherein the handover message includes one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle; and receive, via the at least one transceiver, at least one response message transmitted from at least one of the one or more network devices in response to the handover message.

[0136] Aspect 2. The first network device according to aspect 1, wherein each of the one or more security ratings is a corresponding Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL).

[0137] Aspect 3. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 1 or 2, wherein the first network device is a first base station, and each of the one or more network devices is a different base station.

[0138] Aspect 4. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the handover message further includes one or more parameters, the one or more parameters including at least one of the following: one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle, the required data rate of one or more applications of the vehicle related to the one or more security ratings, the required latency of the one or more applications, the required reliability of the one or more applications, the route of the vehicle, or the destination of the vehicle.

[0139] Aspect 5. The first network device according to aspect 4, wherein the one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle include at least one of the following: the number of one or more antennas of the vehicle, the brand associated with the one or more antennas, the type of the one or more antennas, the model of the one or more antennas, or the corresponding position of each of the one or more antennas on the vehicle.

[0140] Aspect 6. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the at least one response message includes a single response message, the single response message including an acknowledgment from the second network device of the handover of communication coverage to the vehicle.

[0141] Aspect 7. A first network device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the one or more network devices comprise a plurality of network devices, and the at least one response message comprises a plurality of response messages from the plurality of network devices, each of the plurality of response messages comprising a corresponding capability of each of the plurality of network devices.

[0142] Aspect 8. The first network device according to Aspect 7, wherein the capabilities of the network device included in the response messages of the plurality of response messages include at least one of the following: whether each of the one or more security ratings can be implemented by the network device; the highest security rating that can be implemented by the network device among the one or more security ratings; the maximum traffic load for implementing the highest security rating that can be implemented by the network device among the one or more security ratings; the highest data rate that can be achieved by the vehicle for one or more applications related to the one or more security ratings; the lowest latency that can be achieved by the vehicle for the one or more applications; the reliability that can be achieved by the vehicle for the one or more applications; or the maximum distance that can be achieved for the communication coverage of the vehicle.

[0143] Aspect 9. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 7 or 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: determine the one or more qualified network devices for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle by instructing each of the one or more qualified network devices to meet the one or more security ratings required by the vehicle based on the corresponding capabilities of each of the one or more qualified network devices among the plurality of network devices.

[0144] Aspect 10. The first network device according to Aspect 9, wherein the one or more qualified network devices include a plurality of qualified network devices, the plurality of qualified network devices include the second network device, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to: determine, from the plurality of qualified network devices, the second network device for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle based on at least one of the following: random selection; the second network device having the best achievable rate for one or more applications related to the one or more safety ratings of the vehicle among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable latency for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable reliability for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; or the second network device having the longest achievable distance along the route of the vehicle for the communication coverage of the vehicle among the plurality of qualified network devices.

[0145] Aspect 11. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 7 or 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: determine, based on the corresponding capability of each of the plurality of network devices, that none of the plurality of network devices is able to meet the one or more security ratings required by the vehicle, the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle by indicating that no qualified network device among the plurality of network devices is available.

[0146] Aspect 12. The first network device according to aspect 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: determine, from the plurality of network devices, the second network device for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle based on the best achievable security rating of each of the one or more security ratings of the plurality of network devices.

[0147] Aspect 13. The first network device according to aspect 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: transmit the best achievable security rating of each of the one or more security ratings to the vehicle via the at least one transceiver.

[0148] Aspect 14. The first network device according to any one of aspects 11 to 13, wherein the at least one processor is configured to split each of one or more tasks among more than one of the plurality of network devices.

[0149] Aspect 15. The first network device according to aspect 14, wherein each of the one or more tasks includes processing one or more communication signals.

[0150] Aspect 16. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 14 or 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: send a notification message to the vehicle via the at least one transceiver, the notification message instructing more than one of the plurality of network devices to perform the one or more tasks.

[0151] Aspect 17. A first network device according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the at least one response message includes information associated with a third network device among the one or more network devices along the route of the vehicle, by which the second network device transfers communication coverage of the vehicle to the third network device.

[0152] Aspect 18. A method of wireless communication performed at a first network device, the method comprising: sending a handover message to one or more network devices for handing over communication coverage of a vehicle to a second network device among the one or more network devices by the first network device, wherein the handover message includes one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle; and receiving at least one response message transmitted in response to the handover message from at least one of the one or more network devices.

[0153] Aspect 19. The method according to aspect 18, wherein each of the one or more safety ratings is a corresponding vehicle safety integrity level (ASIL).

[0154] Aspect 20. The method according to any one of Aspects 18 or 19, wherein the first network device is a first base station, and each of the one or more network devices is a different base station.

[0155] Aspect 21. The method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 20, wherein the handover message further includes one or more parameters, the one or more parameters including at least one of the following: one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle, a required data rate of one or more applications of the vehicle related to the one or more security ratings, a required latency of the one or more applications, a required reliability of the one or more applications, the route of the vehicle, or the destination of the vehicle.

[0156] Aspect 22. The method according to aspect 21, wherein the one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle include at least one of the following: the number of one or more antennas of the vehicle, the brand associated with the one or more antennas, the type of the one or more antennas, the model of the one or more antennas, or the corresponding position of each of the one or more antennas on the vehicle.

[0157] Aspect 23. The method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 22, wherein the at least one response message includes a single response message, the single response message including an acknowledgment from the second network device of the handover of communication coverage to the vehicle.

[0158] Aspect 24. The method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 23, wherein the one or more network devices comprise a plurality of network devices, and the at least one response message comprises a plurality of response messages from the plurality of network devices, each of the plurality of response messages comprising a corresponding capability of each of the plurality of network devices.

[0159] Aspect 25. The method according to aspect 24, wherein the capabilities of the network device included in the response messages of the plurality of response messages include at least one of the following: whether each of the one or more security ratings can be implemented by the network device; the highest security rating that can be implemented by the network device among the one or more security ratings; the maximum workload for implementing the highest security rating that can be implemented by the network device among the one or more security ratings; the highest data rate that can be achieved by the vehicle for one or more applications related to the one or more security ratings; the lowest latency that can be achieved by the vehicle for the one or more applications; the reliability that can be achieved by the vehicle for the one or more applications; or the maximum distance that can be achieved for the communication coverage of the vehicle.

[0160] Aspect 26. The method according to any one of Aspects 24 or 25, the method further comprising: determining the one or more qualified network devices for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle based on a corresponding capability indication of each of the one or more qualified network devices among the plurality of network devices that each of the one or more qualified network devices is capable of meeting the one or more security ratings required by the vehicle.

[0161] Aspect 27. The method according to aspect 26, wherein the one or more qualified network devices comprise a plurality of qualified network devices, the plurality of qualified network devices comprising the second network device, the method further comprising: determining, from the plurality of qualified network devices, the handover of the second network device for communication coverage of the vehicle based on at least one of the following: random selection; the second network device having the best achievable rate for one or more applications of the vehicle related to the one or more safety ratings among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable latency for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable reliability for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; or the second network device having the longest achievable distance along the route of the vehicle for the communication coverage of the vehicle among the plurality of qualified network devices.

[0162] Aspect 28. The method according to any one of Aspects 24 or 25, the method further comprising: determining a handover of communication coverage for the vehicle by indicating, based on the corresponding capability indication of each of the plurality of network devices, that none of the network devices in the plurality of network devices is capable of meeting the one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle.

[0163] Aspect 29. The method according to aspect 28, the method further comprising: determining, from the plurality of network devices, the second network device for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle based on the best achievable security rating of each of the one or more security ratings of the plurality of network devices.

[0164] Aspect 30. The method according to aspect 29, the method further comprising: sending the best achievable safety rating of each of the one or more safety ratings to the vehicle.

[0165] Aspect 31. The method according to any one of Aspects 28 to 30, the method further comprising: splitting each of one or more tasks among more than one of the plurality of network devices.

[0166] Aspect 32. The method according to aspect 31, wherein each of the one or more tasks includes processing one or more communication signals.

[0167] Aspect 33. The method according to any one of Aspects 31 or 32, the method further comprising: sending a notification message to the vehicle, the notification message instructing more than one of the plurality of network devices to perform the one or more tasks.

[0168] Aspect 34. The method according to any one of Aspects 18 to 33, wherein the at least one response message includes information associated with a third network device among the one or more network devices along the route of the vehicle, by which the second network device transfers communication coverage of the vehicle to the third network device.

[0169] Aspect 35. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon, the instructions causing the at least one processor, when executed by at least one processor, to perform any one of aspects 18 to 34.

[0170] Aspect 36. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising one or more components for performing operations according to any one of aspects 18 to 34.

[0171] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be consistent with the full scope of the language claims, wherein an element referred to in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one," but rather "one or more" unless specifically stated otherwise.

Claims

1. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: At least one memory; and At least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: A handover message is sent to one or more network devices via at least one transceiver for the first network device to hand over the communication coverage of the vehicle to a second network device among the one or more network devices, wherein the handover message includes one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle; as well as Receive at least one response message transmitted in response to the handover message from at least one of the one or more network devices via the at least one transceiver.

2. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein each of the one or more security ratings is a corresponding Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL).

3. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the first network device is a first base station, and each of the one or more network devices is a different base station.

4. The first network device of claim 1, wherein the handover message further includes one or more parameters, the one or more parameters including at least one of the following: one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle, the required data rate of one or more applications of the vehicle related to the one or more security ratings, the required latency of the one or more applications, the required reliability of the one or more applications, the route of the vehicle, or the destination of the vehicle.

5. The first network device of claim 4, wherein the one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle include at least one of the following: the number of one or more antennas of the vehicle, the brand associated with the one or more antennas, the type of the one or more antennas, the model of the one or more antennas, or the corresponding position of each of the one or more antennas on the vehicle.

6. The first network device of claim 1, wherein the at least one response message includes a single response message, the single response message including an acknowledgment from the second network device of the handover of communication coverage to the vehicle.

7. The first network device of claim 1, wherein the one or more network devices comprises a plurality of network devices, and the at least one response message comprises a plurality of response messages from the plurality of network devices, each of the plurality of response messages comprising a corresponding capability of each of the plurality of network devices.

8. The first network device of claim 7, wherein the capabilities of the network device included in the response messages of the plurality of response messages include at least one of the following: whether each of the one or more security ratings can be implemented by the network device; the highest security rating that can be implemented by the network device among the one or more security ratings; the maximum traffic load for implementing the highest security rating that can be implemented by the network device among the one or more security ratings; the highest data rate that can be achieved by the vehicle for one or more applications related to the one or more security ratings; the lowest latency that can be achieved by the vehicle for the one or more applications; the reliability that can be achieved by the vehicle for the one or more applications; or the maximum distance that can be achieved for the communication coverage of the vehicle.

9. The first network device of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: determine the one or more qualified network devices for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle based on the corresponding capabilities of each of the one or more qualified network devices among the plurality of network devices, indicating that each of the one or more qualified network devices is capable of meeting the one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle.

10. The first network device of claim 9, wherein the one or more qualified network devices comprise a plurality of qualified network devices, the plurality of qualified network devices include the second network device, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to: The second network device for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle is determined from the plurality of qualified network devices based on at least one of the following: random selection; the second network device having the best achievable rate for one or more applications related to the one or more safety ratings for the vehicle among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable latency for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable reliability for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; or the second network device having the longest achievable distance along the route of the vehicle for the communication coverage for the vehicle among the plurality of qualified network devices.

11. The first network device of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: determine that no qualified network device among the plurality of network devices is available for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle, based on a corresponding capability indication of each of the plurality of network devices that none of the network devices can meet the one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle.

12. The first network device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: determine, from the plurality of network devices, the second network device for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle based on the best achievable security rating of each of the one or more security ratings of the plurality of network devices.

13. The first network device of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: transmit, via the at least one transceiver, the best achievable security rating of each of the one or more security ratings to the vehicle.

14. The first network device of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to split each of one or more tasks among more than one of the plurality of network devices.

15. The first network device of claim 14, wherein each of the one or more tasks includes processing one or more communication signals.

16. The first network device of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: send a notification message to the vehicle via the at least one transceiver, the notification message instructing more than one of the plurality of network devices to perform the one or more tasks.

17. The first network device of claim 1, wherein the at least one response message includes information associated with a third network device among the one or more network devices along the route of the vehicle, by which the second network device transfers communication coverage of the vehicle to the third network device.

18. A method for wireless communication performed at a first network device, the method comprising: Send a handover message to one or more network devices for the first network device to hand over the communication coverage of the vehicle to a second network device among the one or more network devices, wherein the handover message includes one or more security ratings required by the vehicle; as well as Receive at least one response message from at least one of the one or more network devices in response to the handover message.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein each of the one or more safety ratings is a corresponding Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL).

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first network device is a first base station, and each of the one or more network devices is a different base station.

21. The method of claim 18, wherein the handover message further comprises one or more parameters, the one or more parameters comprising at least one of the following: one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle, a required data rate of one or more applications of the vehicle related to the one or more security ratings, a required latency of the one or more applications, a required reliability of the one or more applications, a route of the vehicle, or a destination of the vehicle.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more communication configuration parameters of the vehicle include at least one of the following: the number of one or more antennas of the vehicle, the brand associated with the one or more antennas, the type of the one or more antennas, the model of the one or more antennas, or the corresponding position of each of the one or more antennas on the vehicle.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one response message comprises a single response message, the single response message comprising an acknowledgment from the second network device of the handover of communication coverage to the vehicle.

24. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more network devices comprise a plurality of network devices, and the at least one response message comprises a plurality of response messages from the plurality of network devices, each of the plurality of response messages comprising a corresponding capability of each of the plurality of network devices.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the capabilities of the network device included in the response messages of the plurality of response messages include at least one of the following: whether each of the one or more security ratings can be implemented by the network device; the highest security rating among the one or more security ratings that can be implemented by the network device; the maximum workload for implementing the highest security rating among the one or more security ratings that can be implemented by the network device; the highest data rate that can be achieved by the vehicle for one or more applications related to the one or more security ratings; the lowest latency that can be achieved by the vehicle for the one or more applications; the reliability that can be achieved by the vehicle for the one or more applications; or the maximum distance that can be achieved for the communication coverage of the vehicle.

26. The method of claim 24, further comprising: Based on the corresponding capabilities of each of the one or more qualified network devices among the plurality of network devices, indicating that each of the one or more qualified network devices can meet the one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle, the one or more qualified network devices for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle are determined.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the one or more qualified network devices comprise a plurality of qualified network devices, the plurality of qualified network devices including the second network device, the method further comprising: The second network device for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle is determined from the plurality of qualified network devices based on at least one of the following: random selection; the second network device having the best achievable rate for one or more applications related to the one or more safety ratings for the vehicle among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable latency for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; the second network device having the best achievable reliability for the one or more applications among the plurality of qualified network devices; or the second network device having the longest achievable distance along the route of the vehicle for the communication coverage for the vehicle among the plurality of qualified network devices.

28. The method of claim 24, further comprising: Based on the corresponding capabilities of each of the plurality of network devices, indicating that none of the network devices can meet the one or more safety ratings required by the vehicle, it is determined that there is no qualified network device among the plurality of network devices for the handover of communication coverage for the vehicle.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising: The second network device for handing over communication coverage for the vehicle is determined from the plurality of network devices based on the best achievable security rating of each of the one or more security ratings of the plurality of network devices.

30. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one response message includes information associated with a third network device among the one or more network devices along the route of the vehicle, by which the second network device transfers communication coverage of the vehicle to the third network device.

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