Comprehensive repairing method for rapidly improving functions of bird breeding place of degenerated marsh wetland

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological engineering and wetland restoration, in particular to a comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving functions of a bird breeding place of a degraded marsh wetland, and aims to solve the problems of nest site deficiency, insufficient food sources and man-made interference confronted by bird breeding in the degraded wetland. Repair is carried out through comprehensive measures of combining nest site accurate configuration, food source directional strengthening and interference system control. The method specifically comprises the steps that mandarin duck nest boxes and small nest boxes are hung on a suitable wetland, haystacks are built, and diversified nest sites are provided for different birds; putting benthonic animals and fishes in the shallow water area to supplement a food source; meanwhile, propaganda education is carried out on surrounding residents, closed management is carried out on the protection forest in the breeding season, and man-made interference is reduced. According to the method, the bird breeding function of the degraded wetland can be quickly and specifically recovered, the number and diversity of bird populations are improved, and the method has the characteristics of simplicity and convenience in implementation, low cost and quick effect, and is suitable for ecological restoration and function improvement of the degraded marsh wetland.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological engineering and wetland restoration technology, specifically to a comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of degraded marsh wetland bird breeding grounds. Background Technology

[0002] Marsh wetlands are important breeding grounds for many birds, especially waterfowl. However, in the past few decades, due to human activities (such as agricultural reclamation, water conservancy projects, and deforestation) and climate change, some wetlands have experienced severe degradation, mainly manifested in the following ways: Habitat fragmentation, with large areas of continuous wetlands being divided into isolated patches, leading to a sharp decline in safe nesting sites for birds such as geese and ducks that rely on sheltered grasses for nesting; Loss of key habitats, with a sharp reduction in the area of ​​island forests or marsh forests surrounding wetlands, and the remaining trees are mostly young forests or monocultures, lacking large-diameter old trees with natural tree cavities, causing secondary cave-nesting birds such as mandarin ducks, red-horned owls, and great tits to face a severe shortage of nesting sites; and Decline in biological resources, with changes in wetland hydrology and pollution leading to a reduction in food sources such as fish and benthic animals, making it impossible to guarantee the nutritional needs of birds during the breeding season.

[0003] Currently, existing wetland restoration technologies mostly focus on macro-level aspects such as restoring hydrological connectivity and rebuilding vegetation communities, lacking comprehensive technical solutions for precisely and efficiently supplementing key resources needed for bird reproduction (such as specific nesting sites and food). For example, Chinese utility model patents CN222396615U and CN215648774U propose methods for constructing or installing artificial bird nests, but they do not consider the differentiated needs of different bird species in wetland habitats regarding nest size, location, height, and density. Therefore, developing a comprehensive method that can systematically address the three core problems of nesting site scarcity, food insufficiency, and human disturbance is of urgent practical significance for rapidly restoring the bird carrying capacity of degraded wetlands. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of bird breeding grounds in degraded marsh wetlands. This method employs a three-pronged approach—precise nest site configuration, targeted food source enhancement, and disturbance system control—to specifically address the key limiting factors for bird breeding in degraded wetlands. Specifically, it includes the following steps: Step 1: Select degraded wetlands that have undergone hydrological or vegetation restoration, have a stable area, have open water surfaces and vegetation cover, minimal disturbance, few bird populations, lack nesting sites and food sources, and have residual forest trees.

[0005] Step 2: Centered on the water area of ​​the target wetland, hang mandarin duck nest boxes on tall trees within a 20m radius of the water's edge, with a hanging height of ≥4m and a hanging density of ≤2 boxes / hectare; in the area between the mandarin duck nest boxes and in the small protective forests of the transition zone between the wetland and the land, hang small nest boxes at a height of 2-4m and a hanging density of ≤20 boxes / hectare, forming a secondary nest site network that complements the mandarin duck nest boxes.

[0006] Preferably, the mandarin duck nest box includes a box body, a suspension assembly, and a reinforcement assembly. The box body includes four side panels (front, rear, left, and right), a top panel, and a bottom panel. The front side panel has an opening, and the rear side panel has several through holes. The suspension assembly is fixed to the rear side panel, and the through holes are located on both sides of the suspension assembly. The reinforcement assembly is connected to the suspension assembly and the rear side panel through the through holes.

[0007] Preferably, the side panel has a size of 35cm × 50cm, the top panel has a size of 35cm × 37cm, the bottom panel has a size of 35cm × 35cm, and the opening has a diameter of 11-12cm and is located at the middle of the 1 / 3 position on the front side panel.

[0008] In the most preferred embodiment, the suspension assembly is a mounting rod, the reinforcement assembly is a metal wire, the mounting rod is fixed to the rear side plate by nails, and the metal wire passes through a through hole to reinforce the mounting rod.

[0009] The most preferred embodiment has a mounting rod that is 70cm long, 5cm wide, and 1.5cm thick, and the through holes are spaced 6cm apart.

[0010] Preferably, the small nest box includes four side panels (front, rear, left, and right), one top panel, and one bottom panel. The front side panel has an opening, and the rear side panel has several through holes with metal wires at the through holes.

[0011] Preferably, the side panel has a size of 15cm × 25cm, the top panel has a size of 15cm × 17cm, the bottom panel has a size of 15cm × 15cm, and the opening has a diameter of 3-4cm and is located at the middle of the 1 / 3 position on the front side panel.

[0012] Step 3: Stack haystacks in the sedge-covered areas inside the wetland and in the area where vegetation meets open water. The haystacks should be ≥50cm in diameter and 20cm in height, with a density of ≤2 haystacks / hectare, to provide a concealed nesting site for ground-nesting birds such as geese and ducks.

[0013] Step 4: In the open, shallow water areas of the target wetland, release 10,000 benthic animals per hectare and 3,000 fish per hectare.

[0014] Preferably, the benthic animals are snails, and the fish are carp and loach, etc.

[0015] Step 5: Conduct public education on wetland ecology and bird protection for surrounding residents, and implement closed management of the protective forest during the bird breeding season to reduce direct interference from human activities to artificial nest sites.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages: (1) For the first time, the three key links of nesting site, food source and disturbance were integrated into a coherent technical solution, which solved the drawback of the limited effect of single measures and achieved a comprehensive improvement of the function of bird breeding grounds.

[0017] (2) The layout of artificial nests fully considers the ecological niche separation of different birds. Mandarin duck nest boxes are hung high near the water to simulate their natural habits; small nest boxes are laid out in the transition zone to form a nest site gradient; straw nests are randomly scattered in high vegetation areas, which highly simulates the natural nest site selection of geese and ducks and greatly improves the utilization rate of artificial facilities.

[0018] (3) This method does not require waiting for a long natural succession of vegetation or the growth process of large trees. It can directly and quickly create key reproductive resources in degraded wetland environments and is suitable for degraded wetlands that urgently need ecological intervention.

[0019] (4) The materials used (nest boxes, haystacks, native organisms) are inexpensive and easy to obtain. The technical steps are clear and the density and height parameters are specific, which makes it easy to promote and apply them on a large scale in degraded marsh wetlands in Northeast China and other similar areas. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of Example 1.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a 3D diagram of a mandarin duck nest box.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a 3D view of the back of the rear panel of the Mandarin Duck Nest Box.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a 3D diagram of a small nest box.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional view of the back of the rear panel of a small nest box.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a rendering of the intended effect. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 Step 1: Select the target wetland: 133 hectares of freshwater marsh wetland in Xingkai Lake, Sanjiang Plain. This wetland is located on the west side of the small lake in Xingkai Lake, separated from the small lake by a bridge. Due to the reclamation of paddy fields in the Xingkai Lake area, the wetland is isolated, with few benthic animals and fish, no tall trees suitable for breeding mandarin ducks, and a small population of geese and ducks. There is a protective forest and cave-nesting birds such as mandarin ducks stop to rest.

[0029] Step two: Select 5 tall poplar trees within 20 meters of the water's edge in the artificial forest and shrubland. Hang mandarin duck nest boxes at a density of 1 per hectare, at a height of 4.5 meters. In the same area and shrubland, hang 20 small nest boxes with an entrance diameter of approximately 3.5 cm at 10-meter intervals, at a height of approximately 2.5 meters. Figure 1 As shown.

[0030] like Figure 2-3 As shown, the mandarin duck nest box includes a box body 1, a mounting rod 13 (70cm long, 5cm wide, and 1.5cm thick), and a metal wire 15. The box body 1 includes four side panels (35cm × 50cm) on the front, back, left, and right sides, a top panel (35cm × 37cm), and a bottom panel (35cm × 35cm). An opening 11 (11-12cm in diameter) is provided in the middle of one-third of the front side panel. Several through holes 14 (6cm apart) are provided on the back side panel. The mounting rod 13 is fixed to the back side panel. The through holes 14 are located on both sides of the mounting rod 13. The metal wire 15 connects the mounting rod 13 and the back side panel through the through holes 14.

[0031] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the box body 2 of the small mandarin duck nest box includes four side panels (15cm×25cm each) on the front, back, left, and right sides, one top panel (15cm×17cm each), and one bottom panel (15cm×15cm each). The front side panel has an opening 21 (3-4cm in diameter) in the middle of one-third of its length. The rear side panel has several through holes 24, and metal wires 25 are installed at the through holes 24.

[0032] Step 3: In the dense vegetation area in the center of the wetland, at the junction of the moss meadow and the water surface, pile up a total of 10 haystacks made of moss, each 55cm in diameter and 25cm in height.

[0033] Step 4: Before the birds arrive in spring, release 100 kg of locally caught snails and 30 kg of carp and loach fry into the shallow waters on the northeast and west sides of the wetland.

[0034] Step 5: During the bird breeding season from April to July, set up warning signs, close off the main trails leading to the conservation area (set up warning tape), and hold community lectures to promote the importance of conservation.

[0035] Effect monitoring: After one breeding season, monitoring revealed that one nest of Mandarin ducks had moved into the large nest box and three nests into the small nest box, achieving the initial establishment of cave-nesting birds. Four haystack nests were used by spot-billed ducks and one by mallards. The bird population in the target waters was significantly higher than before the food source enhancement. See details below. Figure 6 .

[0036] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of degraded marsh wetlands as bird breeding grounds, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Select degraded wetlands that have undergone hydrological or vegetation restoration, have a stable area, have open water surfaces and vegetation cover, minimal disturbance, sparse bird populations, lack of nesting sites and food sources, and have residual forest trees; Step 2: Hang mandarin duck nest boxes centered on the water area of ​​the target wetland, with a hanging height of ≥4m and a hanging density of ≤2 boxes / hectare; hang small nest boxes in the area between the mandarin duck nest boxes and in the transition zone between the wetland and the land, with a hanging height of 2-4m and a hanging density of ≤20 boxes / hectare. Step 3: Stack hay bales in the sedge-covered area inside the wetland and in the area where the vegetation meets the open water surface. The hay bales should be ≥50cm in diameter, 20cm in height, and ≤2 bales per hectare. Step 4: In the open, shallow water areas of the target wetland, release 10,000 benthic animals per hectare and 3,000 fish per hectare. Step 5: Conduct public education on wetland ecology and bird protection for surrounding residents, and implement closed management of the protective forest during the bird breeding season.

2. The comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of degraded marsh wetland bird breeding grounds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mandarin duck nest box includes a box body, a suspension assembly, and a reinforcement assembly. The box body includes four side panels (front, rear, left, and right), a top plate, and a bottom plate. The front side panel has an opening, and the rear side panel has several through holes. The suspension assembly is fixed to the rear side panel, and the through holes are located on both sides of the suspension assembly. The reinforcement assembly is connected to the suspension assembly and the rear side panel through the through holes.

3. The comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of bird breeding grounds in degraded marsh wetlands according to claim 2, characterized in that, The side panel measures 35cm x 50cm, the top panel measures 35cm x 37cm, the bottom panel measures 35cm x 35cm, and the opening has a diameter of 11-12cm and is located at the middle of the 1 / 3 mark on the front side panel.

4. The comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of degraded marsh wetland bird breeding grounds according to claim 2, characterized in that, The suspension assembly is a mounting rod, and the reinforcement assembly is a metal wire. The mounting rod is fixed to the rear side plate by nails, and the metal wire passes through the through hole to reinforce the mounting rod.

5. A comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of bird breeding grounds in degraded marsh wetlands according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting rod is 70cm long, 5cm wide, and 1.5cm thick, and the through holes are spaced 6cm apart.

6. The comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of bird breeding grounds in degraded marsh wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The small nest box includes four side panels (front, rear, left, and right), one top panel, and one bottom panel. The front side panel has an opening, and the rear side panel has several through holes with metal wires at the through holes.

7. A comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of bird breeding grounds in degraded marsh wetlands according to claim 6, characterized in that, The side panel measures 15cm x 25cm, the top panel measures 15cm x 17cm, the bottom panel measures 15cm x 15cm, and the opening has a diameter of 3-4cm and is located at the middle of the 1 / 3 position on the front side panel.

8. A comprehensive restoration method for rapidly improving the function of bird breeding grounds in degraded marsh wetlands according to claim 1, characterized in that, The benthic animals are snails, and the fish are carp and loach.

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