Thermal management system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermal management system and a vehicle, and the thermal management system comprises an air conditioning system which is provided with a heating loop; and the cooling module is connected to the heating loop and is configured to cool a cooled part of the vehicle by using the heat exchange medium of the heating loop. The passenger compartment heating function and the part cooling function are integrated, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and energy consumption is reduced.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202511563318.5, filed on October 28, 2025, entitled "Thermal Management System and Vehicle", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to a thermal management system and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0003] In the field of vehicle technology, thermal management systems play a crucial role in ensuring the normal operation of vehicles, improving passenger comfort, and ensuring the stable performance of various vehicle components.

[0004] In related technologies, vehicle thermal management systems design and control the passenger compartment air conditioning system and component cooling management as two independent systems, which lacks effective energy sharing and optimized utilization, resulting in energy waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a thermal management system and a vehicle to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a thermal management system for a vehicle is provided, comprising: an air conditioning system having a refrigeration circuit; and a cooling module connected to the refrigeration circuit and configured to cool components of the vehicle using a heat exchange medium in the refrigeration circuit. By integrating passenger compartment heating and component cooling functions, energy efficiency is improved and energy consumption is reduced.

[0007] Optionally, the heating circuit includes a compressor outlet, a condenser, an internal heat exchanger, a first throttling device, an external heat exchanger, and a compressor inlet, connected in series along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium. The condenser and internal heat exchanger can be selectively configured to release heat from the heat exchange medium to the passenger compartment, while the external heat exchanger can be selectively configured to absorb heat from the external environment. The cooling module is configured to use the heat exchange medium after heat exchange in the internal heat exchanger to perform thermal management on the vehicle's cooled components. This achieves efficient heating of the passenger compartment and improves system energy efficiency by absorbing ambient heat through the external heat exchanger.

[0008] Optionally, the air conditioning system has a refrigeration circuit that switches to the heating circuit; the cooling module is connected to the refrigeration circuit and is configured to cool the vehicle's components using the heat exchange medium of the refrigeration circuit.

[0009] Optionally, the refrigeration circuit includes a compressor outlet, a condenser, an external heat exchanger, a first throttling device, an internal heat exchanger, and a compressor inlet, connected in series along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium. The external heat exchanger is optionally configured to dissipate heat from the heat exchange medium to the outside of the vehicle, and the internal heat exchanger is optionally configured to absorb heat from the passenger compartment. The cooling module is configured to use the heat exchange medium after heat exchange through the external heat exchanger to perform thermal management on the cooled components of the vehicle. This achieves efficient cooling of the passenger compartment and dissipates heat to the outside of the vehicle through the external heat exchanger, thereby improving cooling efficiency.

[0010] Optionally, the thermal management system includes a multi-way directional valve connected to the heating circuit and the cooling circuit; the multi-way directional valve is configured to switch between different thermal management modes by changing the connection relationship of the switching interfaces. By integrating the multi-way directional valve, the system structure is simplified, the number of components is reduced, and the system complexity and cost are lowered.

[0011] Optionally, the first port of the multi-way reversing valve is connected to the outlet of the condenser; the second port is connected to the outlet of the external heat exchanger in heating mode or the inlet in cooling mode; the third port is connected to the inlet of the internal heat exchanger in heating mode or the outlet in cooling mode; and the fourth port is connected to the inlet of the compressor. In heating mode, the multi-way reversing valve is configured such that the first and third ports are connected, and the second and fourth ports are connected; in cooling mode, the multi-way reversing valve is configured such that the first and second ports are connected, and the third and fourth ports are connected. This flexible configuration of the multi-way reversing valve allows for rapid switching between different thermal management modes, improving system applicability and reliability.

[0012] Optionally, the inlet of the cooling module and the inlet of the first throttling device are connected in parallel, and the outlet of the cooling module is connected to the inlet of the compressor.

[0013] Optionally, the cooling module is connected in series between the first throttling device and its downstream component. The cooling module can be flexibly configured according to system requirements, improving system adaptability and energy efficiency.

[0014] Optionally, the thermal management system includes multiple cooling modules arranged in parallel. The inlet of each cooling module is connected in parallel with the inlet of the first throttling device, and the outlet of each cooling module is connected to the inlet of the compressor. By connecting multiple cooling modules in parallel, the system's ability to precisely cool multiple components or different parts of the same component is improved.

[0015] Optionally, the cooling module includes a second throttling device and a cooler connected in series along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium. The combination of the second throttling device and the cooler enables effective cooling of vehicle components.

[0016] Optionally, the second throttling device connects at least two coolers in series. A sensing unit is provided between adjacent coolers, configured to detect the state parameters of the heat exchange medium and feed back control signals to dynamically adjust the opening of the second throttling device. Through multi-stage cooling and dynamic adjustment, cooling efficiency is improved, ensuring stable temperature of the cooled components.

[0017] Optionally, the thermal management system further includes a semiconductor device having opposing first and second ends; the cooled component includes a temperature-controlled storage box, which includes: a box body; an inner liner disposed within the box body and having a spaced channel with the inner wall of the box body; the semiconductor device is disposed inside the box body, with its first end located in the spaced channel and thermally connected to the cooling module; the second end of the semiconductor device is in thermal contact with the inner liner and / or the air inside the inner liner. The semiconductor device enables precise temperature regulation of the temperature-controlled storage box, improving its energy efficiency and stability.

[0018] Optionally, the thermal management system also includes: fins connected to the second end to increase the heat exchange area between the second end and the inner liner or the air inside the inner liner; and a fan installed inside the box to enhance airflow within the box and improve heat exchange efficiency. By enhancing heat exchange efficiency through the fins and fan, the temperature inside the temperature-controlled storage box reaches the set value more quickly.

[0019] Optionally, the fins are located in the spacer channel and make thermal contact with the outer wall of the inner liner. The fan is installed through the side wall of the inner liner and corresponds to the position of the spacer channel. This optimizes the airflow path, improves heat exchange efficiency, and ensures uniform temperature inside the temperature-controlled storage box.

[0020] Optionally, the fins extend into the interior of the inner liner, and the fan is positioned on one side of the fins and inside the inner liner. This allows for direct heat exchange with the air inside the inner liner, reducing heat transfer steps and improving heat exchange efficiency and temperature response speed.

[0021] Optionally, the thermal management system further includes: a phase adjustment device, located upstream of the inlet of the first throttling device, for temporarily storing the heat exchange medium before it enters the corresponding throttling device; Optionally, the phase adjustment device is located upstream of the compressor inlet to perform gas-liquid separation on the heat exchange medium entering the compressor. This ensures the stability of the heat exchange medium entering the throttling device and the compressor, improving system performance and stability.

[0022] According to a second aspect of this application, a vehicle is provided that includes a thermal management system comprising any of the above-mentioned features. The integrated thermal management system in the vehicle improves energy efficiency.

[0023] This embodiment utilizes the heat exchange medium after heat is released in the heating circuit to cool vehicle components, improving the integration of the vehicle thermal management system, avoiding the need for an additional independent cooling system to cool vehicle components, reducing energy consumption, and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0024] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0026] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of the thermal management system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heating circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the heating circuit and the cooling module provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the refrigeration circuit provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the refrigeration circuit and the cooling module provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is an overall schematic diagram of the thermal management system provided in the embodiments of this application, and specifically shows the cooling module; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-way directional valve provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is an overall schematic diagram of another form of thermal management system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is an overall schematic diagram of another form of thermal management system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is an overall schematic diagram of another form of thermal management system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is an overall schematic diagram of another form of thermal management system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of another form of cooling module provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature-controlled storage box provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of another form of temperature-controlled storage box provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of another form of temperature-controlled storage box provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of another form of temperature-controlled storage box provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of another form of temperature-controlled storage box provided in the embodiments of this application; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Thermal management system; 11. Cooling module; 111. Second throttling device; 112. Cooler; 113. Sensing unit; 114. Third throttling device; 100. Heating circuit; 101. Compressor; 102. Condenser; 103. Internal heat exchanger; 104. First throttling device; 105. External heat exchanger; 120. Refrigeration circuit; 13. Multi-way directional valve; 131. First port; 132. Second port; 133. Third port; 134. Fourth port; 14. Semiconductor device; 141. First terminal; 142. Second terminal; 15. Thermal conductive components; 151. Fins; 152. Fan; 153. Heat-conducting plate; 16. Phase adjustment device; 2. Cooled component; 21. Temperature-controlled storage box; 211. Box body; 212. Inner liner; 213. Spacing channel. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0028] In related technologies, vehicle thermal management systems design and control the passenger compartment air conditioning system and component cooling management as two independent systems, which lacks effective energy sharing and optimized utilization, resulting in energy waste.

[0029] Regarding the above technical issues, firstly, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 This application provides a thermal management system 1 for a vehicle, including: an air conditioning system having a heating circuit 100; and a cooling module 11 connected to the heating circuit 100 and configured to cool the vehicle's components 2 using the heat exchange medium of the heating circuit 100.

[0030] When the thermal management system 1 operates in passenger compartment heating mode, i.e., the heating circuit 100 is working, the heat exchange medium absorbs heat from the external environment and releases the heat into the passenger compartment. After releasing the heat, the temperature of the heat exchange medium is relatively low, and a portion of it is used by the cooling module 11 to cool vehicle components, especially heat-generating components such as the battery pack.

[0031] This embodiment utilizes the heat exchange medium after releasing heat in the heating circuit 100 to cool vehicle components, thereby improving the integration of the vehicle thermal management system, avoiding the need for an additional independent cooling system for cooling vehicle components, reducing energy consumption, and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0032] In some embodiments, the air conditioning system has a switchable heating circuit 100 and a cooling circuit 120; a cooling module 11 is connected to the air conditioning system and is configured to perform thermal management on the cooled components 2 of the vehicle using the heat exchange medium of the heating circuit 100 and the cooling circuit 120.

[0033] When the thermal management system 1 operates in passenger compartment cooling mode, i.e., the cooling circuit 120 is working, the heat exchange medium absorbs heat from the passenger compartment and releases the heat to the outside of the vehicle. The temperature of the heat exchange medium after releasing heat is relatively low, and a portion of it is used by the cooling module 11 to cool vehicle components, especially heat-generating components such as the battery pack.

[0034] The heating circuit 100 and the cooling circuit 120 are switchable. That is to say, when the thermal management system 1 switches between the two modes, the cooling module 11 can use the heat exchange medium of the air conditioning system to control the temperature of the vehicle components.

[0035] The thermal management system 1 in this embodiment integrates the heating circuit 100 and cooling circuit 120 of the air conditioner with the component cooling function into one system. It makes full use of the characteristics of the heat exchange medium during the heating and cooling process of the air conditioner, and achieves the cooling of vehicle components by diverting part of the heat exchange medium into the cooling module 11. This avoids the need to set up an additional independent cooling system for cooling vehicle components, reduces energy consumption, and improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0036] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 , Figure 3The heating circuit 100 includes a compressor 101 outlet, a condenser 102, an internal heat exchanger 103, a first throttling device 104, an external heat exchanger 105, and a compressor 101 inlet connected in series along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium; wherein, the condenser 102 and the internal heat exchanger 103 are selectively configured to release the heat of the heat exchange medium to the passenger compartment, and the external heat exchanger 105 is selectively configured to absorb the heat of the external environment; the cooling module is configured to use the heat exchange medium after heat exchange through the internal heat exchanger 103 to perform thermal management on the cooled components 2 of the vehicle.

[0037] In this embodiment, reference Figure 2 The specific process of heating circuit 100 is as follows: The compressor 101 starts, drawing in and compressing the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous heat exchange medium returning from the external heat exchanger 105, transforming it into a high-pressure, high-temperature gaseous state. The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant gas then flows to the condenser 102. At this time, the air duct of the air conditioning unit opens to the interior of the vehicle, and the blower blows the interior air through the condenser 102. The heat exchange medium releases a large amount of heat to the flowing air, gradually condensing into a liquid. The heated air then becomes warm air and is delivered into the passenger compartment, achieving the heating function. When the heat exchange medium exits the condenser 102, it becomes a high-pressure, room-temperature liquid. It then flows through the internal heat exchanger 103, continuing to release heat to the interior air, causing it to completely liquefy and further cooled. Afterward, the high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows through the first throttling device 104, where it is throttled and depressurized, becoming a low-temperature, low-pressure mist. The low-temperature, low-pressure mist heat exchange medium enters the external heat exchanger 105, absorbs heat from the outside air, evaporates into a gaseous state, and finally returns to the inlet of the compressor 101, completing one heating cycle.

[0038] refer to Figure 3 The component being cooled, such as a battery pack, generates heat during use, and its temperature is higher than that of the heat exchange medium after passing through the internal heat exchanger 103. Since the heat exchange medium is cooled to a liquid state after flowing through the internal heat exchanger 103, it is further introduced into the cooling module 11 to absorb the heat of the component being cooled, thereby performing thermal management on the component being cooled.

[0039] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 The refrigeration circuit 120 includes the outlet of the compressor 101, the condenser 102, the external heat exchanger 105, the first throttling device 104, the internal heat exchanger 103, and the inlet of the compressor 101, which are connected in series along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium. The external heat exchanger 105 is optionally configured to discharge the heat of the heat exchange medium to the outside of the vehicle, and the internal heat exchanger 103 is optionally configured to absorb the heat in the passenger compartment. The cooling module is configured to perform thermal management on the cooled components 2 of the vehicle using the heat exchange medium after heat exchange through the external heat exchanger 105.

[0040] refer to Figure 4In cooling mode, compressor 101 starts, drawing in the low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous heat exchange medium returning from internal heat exchanger 103. Compressor 101 performs work on the heat exchange medium, increasing its pressure and temperature, transforming it into a high-pressure, high-temperature gaseous heat exchange medium, which is then discharged from compressor 101 outlet. The high-temperature, high-pressure heat exchange medium gas enters condenser 102. In cooling mode, the air duct leading to the vehicle interior is closed by the air conditioning unit's damper to prevent hot air from entering the vehicle and ensure that heat does not enter the passenger compartment. The heat exchange medium undergoes heat exchange in condenser 102, releasing some heat. The heat exchange medium flowing out of condenser 102 enters external heat exchanger 105. External heat exchanger 105 is equipped with a fan, which, through forced cooling, removes the heat absorbed by the heat exchange medium from the vehicle interior and the heat generated by compressor 101. During this process, the heat exchange medium cools and becomes a high-pressure, room-temperature liquid. When the high-pressure liquid heat exchange medium flows through the first throttling device 104, it is throttled, causing a sharp drop in pressure and temperature, transforming into a low-temperature, low-pressure mist. This misty heat exchange medium enters the inner heat exchanger 103. The air conditioning blower blows hot air from inside the vehicle across the fins of the inner heat exchanger 103. The heat exchange medium absorbs the heat from the flowing air and completely evaporates into a gas. The air, having absorbed heat, cools down and is delivered into the passenger compartment, achieving the cooling effect. After becoming a low-temperature, low-pressure gas, the heat exchange medium flows out of the inner heat exchanger 103 and returns to the inlet of the compressor 101, beginning the next refrigeration cycle.

[0041] refer to Figure 5 Understandably, in cooling mode, the heat exchange medium in the cooling circuit 120 exchanges heat with the external environment at the external heat exchanger 105, releasing heat to the outside of the vehicle. The temperature of the heat exchange medium decreases after releasing heat, thus cooling the passenger compartment. At this time, the cooling module 11 diverts a portion of the heat exchange medium for temperature control of vehicle components.

[0042] The thermal management system 1 in this embodiment makes full use of the characteristics of the heat exchange medium in the cooling mode. During the cooling process, the temperature of the heat exchange medium decreases after releasing heat to the external environment. The cooling module 11 uses this part of the low-temperature heat exchange medium for the temperature control of vehicle components, avoiding the need to set up an independent cooling system to consume additional energy for cooling vehicle components, thus improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0043] It should be noted that the heating and cooling modes of the air conditioning system can be implemented using the same hardware. For example, the heating circuit 100 and the cooling circuit 120 use the same hardware devices, the only difference being the flow direction of the heat exchange medium. For instance, the medium inlet of the internal heat exchanger 103 in the heating circuit 100 and the medium outlet of the internal heat exchanger 103 in the cooling circuit 120 are actually the same port. Therefore, in this embodiment, when describing the series connection of two hardware devices, it should be understood that the two hardware devices have reusable connecting pipelines in different modes.

[0044] In some embodiments, reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 The air conditioning system also includes: a refrigeration circuit 120; a multi-way reversing valve 13, which switches the connection between the heating circuit 100 or the refrigeration circuit 120 and the cooling module 11 so as to use the corresponding heat exchange medium to cool the cooled component 2.

[0045] In this embodiment, the multi-way directional valve 13 integrates multiple interfaces. By switching the connection relationships of these interfaces, the flow direction of the medium between different components in the thermal management system 1 can be controlled. This integrated control method avoids the need to use multiple independent valves to control different loops separately, simplifies the system structure, reduces the number of components, and lowers the system's complexity and cost.

[0046] The thermal management system 1 can flexibly switch between different thermal management modes according to the actual operating needs of the vehicle through the multi-way reversing valve 13, such as passenger compartment heating mode, passenger compartment cooling mode, and mode that simultaneously cools vehicle components during heating or cooling. This allows the system to better adapt to various operating conditions, improving the system's applicability and reliability.

[0047] In some embodiments, reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 The first port 131 of the multi-way reversing valve 13 is connected to the outlet of the condenser 102; the second port 132 of the multi-way reversing valve 13 is connected to the outlet of the external heat exchanger 105 in heating mode or the inlet in cooling mode; the third port 133 of the multi-way reversing valve 13 is connected to the inlet of the internal heat exchanger 103 in heating mode or the outlet in cooling mode; the fourth port 134 of the multi-way reversing valve 13 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 101; in heating mode, the multi-way reversing valve 13 is configured such that the first port 131 and the third port 133 are connected, and the second port 132 and the fourth port 134 are connected; in cooling mode, the multi-way reversing valve 13 is configured such that the first port 131 and the second port 132 are connected, and the third port 133 and the fourth port 134 are connected.

[0048] Understandably, when the system is in heating mode, the multi-way reversing valve 13 is configured to connect the first port 131 and the third port 133, and the second port 132 and the fourth port 134. In the heating module 10, the compressor 101 compresses the heat exchange medium returning from the external heat exchanger 105 and flows it to the condenser 102. After the heat exchange medium flows out of the condenser 102, since the first port 131 and the third port 133 are connected, the heat exchange medium can then flow through the internal heat exchanger 103. After that, it is throttled and depressurized by the first throttling device 104, and then passes through the external heat exchanger 105. Since the second port 132 and the fourth port 134 are connected, the heat exchange medium can enter the compressor 101 through the second port 132 and the fourth port 134.

[0049] When the system switches to cooling mode, the multi-way reversing valve 13 is configured to connect the first port 131 and the second port 132, and the third port 133 and the fourth port 134. At this time, the compressor 101 compresses the heat exchange medium returning from the inner heat exchanger 103 into the condenser 102. The heat exchange medium flowing out of the condenser 102, due to the connection between the first port 131 and the second port 132, enters the outer heat exchanger 105, then flows through the first throttling device 104 and enters the inner heat exchanger 103. Because the third port 133 and the fourth port 134 are connected, the heat exchange medium flowing out of the inner heat exchanger 103 returns to the inlet of the compressor 101 through the third port 133 and the fourth port 134, starting the next cooling cycle.

[0050] In this embodiment, the multi-way directional valve 13 integrates multiple interfaces. By switching the connection relationships of these interfaces, the flow direction of the medium between different components in the thermal management system 1 can be controlled. This integrated control method avoids using multiple independent valves to control different loops separately, reduces the number of components, simplifies the system structure, and lowers the system complexity.

[0051] During heating or cooling, the system can simultaneously utilize the cooling module 11 to cool vehicle components. For example, in heating mode, the low-temperature heat exchange medium, after releasing heat, can use the cooling module 11 to control the temperature of heat-generating components such as the battery pack; in cooling mode, the low-temperature heat exchange medium, after exchanging heat with the external environment, can also be used for component cooling. This integrated design fully utilizes the characteristics of the heat exchange medium, achieves optimized integration of multiple functions, and improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0052] In some embodiments, reference Figure 9 , Figure 10 , Figure 11 Another air conditioning system is provided, which includes a compressor 101 outlet, a condenser 102, a first throttling device 104, an internal heat exchanger 103, and a compressor 101 inlet arranged sequentially along the heat exchange medium flow direction.

[0053] like Figure 9 As shown, in the air conditioning system of this embodiment, the cooling module 11 can be connected in series between the first throttling device 104 and the internal heat exchanger 103.

[0054] like Figure 10 As shown, in the air conditioning system of this embodiment, the inlets of multiple cooling modules 11 are connected in parallel with the inlet of the first throttling device 104 to the condenser 102, and the outlets of multiple cooling modules 11 are connected in parallel with the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 103 to the compressor 101 inlet.

[0055] like Figure 11 As shown, the cooling module 11 includes multiple coolers 112, which are used to cool different components 2.

[0056] In summary, the cooling module 11 of this application embodiment can be used in different air conditioning systems, and is not limited to the air conditioning systems listed in the embodiments of this application.

[0057] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 The inlet of the cooling module 11 is connected in parallel with the inlet of the first throttling device 104, and the outlet of the cooling module 11 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 101.

[0058] For details, please refer to Figure 3 In heating mode, the inlet of cooling module 11 and the inlet of first throttling device 104 are connected in parallel and connected to the outlet of internal heat exchanger 103; the outlet of cooling module 11 and the outlet of external heat exchanger 105 are connected in parallel and connected to the inlet of compressor 101.

[0059] refer to Figure 5 In cooling mode, the inlet of cooling module 11 and the inlet of first throttling device 104 are connected in parallel and connected to external heat exchanger 105; the outlet of cooling module 11 and the outlet of internal heat exchanger 103 are connected in parallel and connected to inlet of compressor 101.

[0060] In some embodiments, reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 The cooling module 11 is connected in series between the first throttling device 104 and the downstream component of the first throttling device 104.

[0061] Depending on the mode, the downstream components differ. In heating mode, the downstream component of the first throttling device 104 is the external heat exchanger 105. After the high-pressure liquid heat exchange medium leaves the condenser 102, it passes through the internal heat exchanger 103 and the first throttling device 104 in sequence. At this time, the first throttling device 104 has already performed a throttling function, and the medium becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure mist. All the low-temperature, low-pressure mist flows into the cooling module 11 for evaporation and heat absorption. The low-temperature, low-pressure gas after evaporation and heat absorption merges with the outlet gas of the external heat exchanger 105 and returns to the compressor 101. In cooling mode, the downstream component of the first throttling device 104 is the internal heat exchanger 103. After the high-pressure liquid leaves the condenser 102, it is subcooled by the external heat exchanger 105 and then enters the first throttling device 104 to complete the main throttling; subsequently, it also flows entirely into the cooling module 11. After evaporation and heat absorption, the gas merges with the outlet gas of the internal heat exchanger 103 and returns to the compressor 101.

[0062] In this embodiment, since the cooling module 11 is connected in series with the first throttling device 104, the first throttling device 104 already functions as a throttling device. Therefore, the cooling module 11 can be equipped with a second throttling device 111 for further micro-throttling, or it can be omitted.

[0063] In this embodiment, the cooling module 11 has the same flow rate as the main circuit, without the need for an additional flow distribution valve. With only one main throttling, the cooling module 11 directly utilizes the depressurized low-temperature two-phase flow, avoiding the losses caused by flow splitting in the parallel scheme.

[0064] In some embodiments, reference Figure 6 , Figure 10 The thermal management system 1 includes multiple cooling modules 11 arranged in parallel. The inlet of each cooling module 11 is connected in parallel with the inlet of the first throttling device 104, and the outlet of each cooling module 11 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 101.

[0065] In this embodiment, the parallel arrangement of multiple cooling modules 11 enables the thermal management system 1 to simultaneously control the temperature of multiple components 2 to be cooled, such as battery packs, temperature-controlled storage boxes 21, motors, and electronic control systems. The parallel cooling module design eliminates the need for a separate cooling system for each component 2, improving system integration and reducing system complexity and space requirements.

[0066] Furthermore, for the same component 2 being cooled, the heat generated in different parts during operation may vary. By using parallel cooling modules 11, precise cooling of different parts can be achieved based on their actual heat load.

[0067] In some embodiments, reference Figure 12The cooling module 11 includes a second throttling device 111 and a cooler 112 connected in series along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium.

[0068] Specifically, the outlet of the second throttling device 111 is connected to the inlet of the cooler 112, and the inlet of the second throttling device 111 is connected in parallel with the inlet of the first throttling device 104 and connected to the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 103. In heating mode, the outlet of the cooler 112 is connected in parallel with the outlet of the external heat exchanger 105 and connected to the inlet of the compressor 101; while in cooling mode, the outlet of the cooler 112 is connected in parallel with the outlet of the internal heat exchanger 103 and connected to the inlet of the compressor 101.

[0069] Understandably, in the passenger compartment heating mode, the component cooling mode can be operated in parallel through the cooling module 11. Specifically, the second throttling device 111 is opened. At this time, a portion of the high-pressure liquid heat exchange medium flowing out of the inner heat exchanger 103 is diverted and enters the second throttling device 111. After throttling and pressure reduction, it becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure mist. This misty heat exchange medium enters the cooler 112, absorbs the heat generated by the vehicle's cooled components 2, and becomes gaseous. The low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous heat exchange medium flowing out of the cooled components 2 merges with the gaseous heat exchange medium in the heating circuit and is then drawn into the compressor 101 together.

[0070] Understandably, in cooling mode, the component cooling mode can be operated in parallel through cooling module 11. Specifically, in cooling mode, when the second throttling device 111 is opened, the high-pressure liquid heat exchange medium flows to the outlet of the external heat exchanger 105. Part of it continues to flow to the crew compartment cooling circuit, while the other part is diverted into the component cooling module 11. When the liquid medium entering the branch flows through the second throttling device 111, it is throttled and depressurized, and its pressure and temperature drop sharply, transforming into a low-temperature, low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase mist. The low-temperature mist medium enters the cooler 112 and exchanges heat with the cooled component 2. The medium absorbs the heat generated by the battery and completely evaporates into a low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous state. The low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous medium flowing out of the cooler 112 merges with the same low-temperature, low-pressure gaseous medium from the crew compartment cooling circuit and is drawn into the compressor 101 together, thus completing one cycle.

[0071] The thermal management system 1 of this embodiment can flexibly switch its working mode according to the actual operating needs of the vehicle. When heating the passenger compartment is required, the heating circuit is activated; when cooling the passenger compartment is required, the cooling circuit is activated. When cooling vehicle components is required at the same time, the cooling module 11 is activated through the second throttling device 111. This allows the system to better adapt to the vehicle's thermal management needs under different operating conditions and improves its applicability.

[0072] In this embodiment, the crew cabin cooling and component cooling functions are integrated into one system by sharing components such as compressor 101, condenser 102, and external heat exchanger 105. This eliminates the need for a separate battery cooling cycle system, reducing system hardware costs and space requirements. Furthermore, the flow rate and evaporation pressure of the heat exchange medium entering the cooler 112 can be independently controlled via the second throttling device 111, thereby achieving precise temperature management of the cooled component 2.

[0073] For example, the first throttling device 104 and the second throttling device 111 can be either an expansion valve or a throttling valve, both of which can achieve the function of throttling and reducing pressure.

[0074] For example, the component to be cooled 2 can be the vehicle's battery pack or the temperature-controlled storage box 21. In this embodiment, the system can cool or control the temperature of either component.

[0075] In some embodiments, reference Figure 11 , Figure 13 The second throttling device 111 is connected in series with at least two coolers 112; wherein, a sensing unit 113 is provided between adjacent coolers 112, and the sensing unit 113 is configured to detect the state parameters of the heat exchange medium and feed back control signals to dynamically adjust the opening degree of the second throttling device 111.

[0076] In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium entering the cooling module 11 first passes through the second throttling device 111. The second throttling device 111 throttles and depressurizes the heat exchange medium, causing its temperature and pressure to drop sharply, transforming it into a low-temperature, low-pressure mist or gas-liquid two-phase state. The throttled and depressurized heat exchange medium then flows sequentially through at least two coolers 112 connected in series. Each cooler 112 is located on the vehicle's cooled component 2, directly absorbing the heat generated by the cooled component 2. As the heat exchange medium flows through each cooler 112, it exchanges heat with the cooled component 2, absorbing its heat and partially or completely evaporating into a gaseous state. By connecting at least two coolers 112 in series, multi-stage cooling of the cooled component 2 is achieved. This allows for more effective absorption of the heat generated by the cooled component 2, improving overall cooling efficiency.

[0077] A sensing unit 113 is installed between adjacent coolers 112. The sensing unit 113 detects the state parameters of the heat exchange medium in real time, such as temperature and pressure, and feeds these parameters back to the system controller. The system controller dynamically adjusts the opening of the second throttling device 111 according to the feedback signal, thereby precisely controlling the flow rate and temperature of the heat exchange medium entering the subsequent cooler 112, ensuring that the temperature of the cooled component 2 remains stable within the set range. The heat exchange medium flowing out from the last cooler 112 merges with the heat exchange medium of other loops and is drawn into the compressor 101 together, completing a complete thermal management cycle.

[0078] In some embodiments, reference Figure 14 The thermal management system 1 also includes a semiconductor device 14 having a first end 141 and a second end 142 opposite to each other; the cooled component 2 includes a temperature-controlled storage box 21, which includes: a box body 211; an inner liner disposed inside the box body 211 and having a spacer channel 213 between it and the inner wall of the box body 211; the first end 141 of the semiconductor device 14 is located in the spacer channel 213 and is thermally connected to the cooling module 11; the second end 142 of the semiconductor device 14 can either make thermal contact with the inner liner 212 for heat exchange, or extend into the inner liner 212 to make thermal contact with the air inside the inner liner 212 for heat exchange.

[0079] It is understood that the semiconductor device 14 is located inside the enclosure, and its working principle is based on the thermoelectric effect to regulate the temperature of the temperature-controlled storage box 21. The semiconductor device 14 has a first end 141 and a second end 142. According to the thermoelectric effect, when the semiconductor device 14 is energized, a hot end and a cold end are formed inside it, and the positions of the hot end and the cold end can be flexibly changed by changing the direction of energization.

[0080] In this embodiment, when the temperature-controlled storage box 21 needs to be cooled, the power supply direction is adjusted so that the first end 141 becomes the hot end and the second end 142 becomes the cold end. At this time, the second end 142 exchanges heat with the air inside the temperature-controlled storage box 21. Since the second end 142 is the cold end, it absorbs heat from the air inside the temperature-controlled storage box 21. The absorbed heat is transferred from the second end 142 to the first end 141, causing the temperature of the first end 141 to rise. The first end 141 is thermally connected to the cooler 112 of the cooling module 11. The cooler 112 can continuously absorb the heat transferred from the first end 141, so that the temperature of the first end 141 can be effectively controlled, thereby maintaining a stable temperature difference between the two ends of the semiconductor device 14, ensuring that the semiconductor device 14 can continuously and efficiently transfer heat, improving its heat exchange efficiency, and realizing continuous cooling of the temperature-controlled storage box 21.

[0081] Optionally, the cooler 112 may employ a harmonica tube evaporator, a blown plate evaporator, or a coil evaporator. All of these can be used to absorb heat from the first end 141, thereby maintaining a suitable operating temperature for the temperature-controlled storage box 21.

[0082] In this embodiment, when heating the temperature-controlled storage box 21 is required, the energizing direction of the semiconductor device 14 is changed, so that the first end 141 is configured as the cold end and the second end 142 is configured as the hot end. At this time, the second end 142 exchanges heat with the air inside the temperature-controlled storage box 21, releasing heat into the interior of the temperature-controlled storage box 21 and raising its internal temperature. Because the first end 141 of the semiconductor device 14 is the cold end when heating, the cooler 112 is not needed to absorb heat. The first throttling device 104 is closed, so the cooling module 11 does not work, avoiding unnecessary energy loss and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0083] The semiconductor device 14 switches between cooling and heating modes by changing the direction of power supply, so that the temperature-controlled storage box 21 can meet the needs of refrigerated items and provide heating function when needed, thus adapting to more different usage scenarios.

[0084] In some embodiments, reference Figure 15 , Figure 16 The heat exchange assembly also includes a heat-conducting component, which is thermally connected to and fixed to the second end 142 to enhance the heat exchange efficiency between the second end 142 and the air inside the temperature-controlled storage box 21.

[0085] For details, please refer to Figure 15 The heat-conducting component includes: fins 151 connected to the second end 142, used to increase the heat exchange area between the second end 142 and the inner liner 212 or the air inside the inner liner 212.

[0086] refer to Figure 16 The heat-conducting components include: a fan 152, which is disposed inside the housing 211 to enhance airflow within the housing 211 and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0087] Optionally, fan 152 can be an impeller fan, a centrifugal fan, or an axial fan. All of these can provide sufficient airflow to enhance heat exchange efficiency.

[0088] In this embodiment, the fins 151 in the heat-conducting component increase the contact area with the inner liner or the air inside the inner liner, and the fan 152 generates a forced airflow to accelerate airflow. Together, these enhance the heat exchange efficiency between the second end 142 and the air inside the temperature-controlled storage box 21. Whether in cooling or heating mode, the temperature inside the temperature-controlled storage box 21 reaches the set value more quickly, shortening the time required for temperature adjustment and improving the response speed of the thermal management system 1.

[0089] In some embodiments, reference Figure 17 The fins 151 are located in the spacer channel 213 and are in thermal contact with the outer wall of the inner liner 212. The fan 152 is disposed through the side wall of the inner liner 212 and corresponds to the position of the spacer channel 213.

[0090] In this embodiment, the fins 151 are installed within the spacer channel 213 and are in direct thermal contact with the outer wall of the inner liner 212. When the second end 142 of the semiconductor device 14 is directly connected to the fins 151, the fins 151 act as a heat exchange surface to absorb or release heat. The fan 152 penetrates the side wall of the inner liner 212 and is aligned with the spacer channel 213. When the fan 152 is running, it forces airflow across the surface of the fins 151, accelerating heat exchange.

[0091] In some embodiments, reference Figure 16 The fins 151 extend into the interior of the inner liner 212, and the fan 152 is located on one side of the fins 151 and inside the inner liner 212.

[0092] In this embodiment, the fins 151 extend directly into the inner liner 212, exposing the heat exchange surface directly to the air environment of the inner liner 212. This reduces the indirect heat transfer links through the inner liner wall in traditional structures, lowers thermal resistance, and improves heat exchange efficiency. The direct contact between the fins 151 and the air, combined with the forced convection of the fan 152, enables the system to quickly reach the target temperature.

[0093] In some embodiments, reference Figure 18 It also includes a heat-conducting plate 153, with fins 151 located in the spacer channel 213. The fins 151 are connected to the heat-conducting plate 153, which is embedded in the side wall of the inner liner 212. The heat exchange effect is further enhanced by setting the heat-conducting plate 153.

[0094] In some embodiments, reference Figure 1 The thermal management system 1 also includes a phase adjustment device 16, which is disposed in the first throttling device 104 and is used to temporarily store the heat exchange medium before it enters the corresponding throttling device.

[0095] It is understandable that when the heat exchange medium flows out of the external heat exchanger 105 or the internal heat exchanger 103, its state may not be an ideal single liquid or gas state, but rather a gas-liquid mixture. If this gas-liquid mixture directly enters the throttling device, since the function of the throttling device is to throttle and reduce the pressure of the heat exchange medium, the non-uniformity of the gas-liquid mixture will lead to instability in the throttling process, thereby affecting the performance and stability of the entire thermal management system 1.

[0096] In this embodiment, the phase adjustment device 16 takes a liquid storage tank as an example. When the gas-liquid mixed heat exchange medium flows into the liquid storage tank, due to the large internal space of the tank, the liquid portion will settle at the bottom of the tank under gravity, while the gas portion will rise to the top of the tank, achieving natural gas-liquid separation. The separated liquid heat exchange medium can be stored relatively stably in the liquid storage tank. According to the actual needs of the system, through reasonable pipeline design and control valves, an appropriate amount of liquid heat exchange medium is transported to the subsequent throttling device. In this way, the heat exchange medium entering the throttling device is basically a single liquid, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the throttling process.

[0097] In some embodiments, reference Figure 1 The phase adjustment device 16 is located upstream of the inlet of the compressor 101 and is used to perform gas-liquid separation on the heat exchange medium entering the compressor 101.

[0098] In this embodiment, the phase adjustment device 16, for example, is a gas-liquid separator, which can separate the gaseous and liquid heat exchange media. When the gas-liquid mixed heat exchange media flows into the gas-liquid separator, the liquid part is deposited at the bottom of the separator due to gravity, while the gaseous part rises to the top of the separator, thereby achieving effective gas-liquid separation.

[0099] The phase state adjustment device 16 separates the heat exchange medium entering the compressor 101 into gas and liquid, avoiding the impact and unstable operation of the compressor 101 caused by the gas-liquid mixture, and significantly improving the overall stability of the system.

[0100] In some embodiments, the cooled component 2 includes a battery pack, and a cooler 112 is disposed on the battery pack and directly absorbs the heat of the battery pack.

[0101] In this embodiment, the cooler 112 is installed on the battery pack and is in direct contact with the battery pack, forming a thermally conductive connection. When the battery pack generates heat, the heat is rapidly transferred from the battery pack to the cooler 112 through thermal conduction. The heat exchange medium circulates within the internal channels of the cooler 112, absorbing the heat transferred from the battery pack, thereby maintaining the battery pack within a suitable operating temperature range.

[0102] In some embodiments, Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 When the cooler 112 is installed in the battery pack, a third throttling device 114 is provided downstream of the cooler 112. This device further throttles and reduces the pressure of the heat exchange medium flowing out of the cooler 112. By adjusting the opening of the throttling device, the pressure and temperature of the heat exchange medium can be precisely controlled to meet the battery pack's more precise temperature range requirements for the heat exchange medium.

[0103] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 1 further includes a one-way valve, which is disposed between any two components of the heating circuit 100.

[0104] In the thermal management system 1, the heat exchange medium needs to flow along a predetermined path to achieve the corresponding function. The one-way valve can strictly ensure the flow direction of the heat exchange medium, prevent backflow of the heat exchange medium in the loop, and ensure that the thermal management system 1 can operate continuously and stably.

[0105] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle including the thermal management system 1 described above. It also incorporates the advantages of the thermal management system 1 described above.

[0106] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0107] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0108] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0109] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A thermal management system (1) for a vehicle, characterized in that, include: An air conditioning system, including a heating circuit (100); A cooling module (11) is connected to the air conditioning system and is configured to cool the vehicle's cooling components (2) using the heat exchange medium of the heating circuit (100).

2. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating circuit (100) includes a compressor (101) outlet, a condenser (102), an internal heat exchanger (103), a first throttling device (104), an external heat exchanger (105), and a compressor (101) inlet connected in series along the heat exchange medium flow direction; The condenser (102) and the internal heat exchanger (103) may be selectively configured to release heat from the heat exchange medium to the passenger compartment, and the external heat exchanger (105) may be selectively configured to absorb heat from the external environment. The cooling module (11) is configured to cool the vehicle's cooled components (2) using the heat exchange medium after heat exchange through the internal heat exchanger (103).

3. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air conditioning system also includes: Refrigeration circuit (120); The multi-way reversing valve (13) switches the connection between the heating circuit (100) or the cooling circuit (120) and the cooling module (11) to use the corresponding heat exchange medium to cool the cooled component (2).

4. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that, The refrigeration circuit (120) includes the outlet of a compressor (101), a condenser (102), an external heat exchanger (105), a first throttling device (104), an internal heat exchanger (103), and the inlet of the compressor (101), which are connected in series along the heat exchange medium flow direction. The external heat exchanger (105) may be optionally configured to discharge the heat of the heat exchange medium to the outside of the vehicle, and the internal heat exchanger (103) may be optionally configured to absorb the heat inside the passenger compartment. The cooling module (11) is configured to cool the vehicle's cooled components (2) using the heat exchange medium after heat exchange through the external heat exchanger (105).

5. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that, The multi-way directional valve (13) includes a first port (131), a second port (132), a third port (133), and a fourth port (134); The first interface (131) is connected to the outlet of the condenser (102); The second interface (132) is connected to the outlet of the external heat exchanger (105) in heating mode or the inlet in cooling mode; The third interface (133) is connected to the inlet of the internal heat exchanger (103) in heating mode or the outlet in cooling mode; The fourth interface (134) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (101); In heating mode, the multi-way reversing valve (13) is configured such that the first port (131) is connected to the third port (133), and the second port (132) is connected to the fourth port (134). In cooling mode, the multi-way reversing valve (13) is configured such that the first interface (131) is connected to the second interface (132), and the third interface (133) is connected to the fourth interface (134).

6. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inlet of the cooling module (11) and the inlet of the first throttling device (104) are connected in parallel, and the outlet of the cooling module (11) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (101); Alternatively, the cooling module (11) is connected in series between the first throttling device (104) and the downstream component of the first throttling device (104).

7. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cooling module (11) includes multiple cooling modules (11) arranged in parallel. The inlet of each cooling module (11) is connected in parallel with the inlet of the first throttling device (104), and the outlet of each cooling module (11) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (101).

8. The thermal management system (1) according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The cooling module (11) includes a second throttling device (111) and a cooler (112) connected in series along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium.

9. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second throttling device (111) is connected in series with at least two of the coolers (112). Among them, a sensing unit (113) is provided between adjacent coolers (112). The sensing unit (113) is configured to detect the state parameters of the heat exchange medium and feed back control signals to dynamically adjust the opening degree of the second throttling device (111).

10. The thermal management system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It also includes a semiconductor device (14) having opposing first ends (141) and second ends (142); The cooled component (2) includes a temperature-controlled storage box (21), which comprises: Box (211); The inner liner (212) is disposed inside the box body (211); The semiconductor device (14) is disposed inside the housing (211), and the first end (141) of the semiconductor device (14) is thermally connected to the cooling module (11); The second end (142) of the semiconductor device (14) is in thermal contact with the inner liner (212) and / or the air inside the inner liner (212).

11. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that, Also includes: Fins (151), connected to the second end (142), are used to increase the heat exchange area between the second end (142) and the inner liner (212) or the air inside the inner liner (212); and / or, A fan (152) is installed inside the housing (211) to enhance airflow within the housing (211) and improve heat exchange efficiency.

12. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that, The inner liner (212) and the inner wall of the box (211) have a spacer channel (213); The fins (151) are located in the spacer channel (213) and are in thermal contact with the outer wall of the inner liner (212); and / or, the fan (152) is disposed through the side wall of the inner liner (212) and corresponds to the position of the spacer channel (213).

13. The thermal management system (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that, The fins (151) extend into the interior of the inner liner (212), and the fan (152) is disposed on one side of the fins (151) and located inside the inner liner (212).

14. The thermal management system (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that, Also includes: A phase adjustment device (16) is provided upstream of the inlet of the first throttling device (104) for temporarily storing the heat exchange medium before it enters the first throttling device (104). And / or, the phase adjustment device (16) is located upstream of the inlet of the compressor (101) for gas-liquid separation of the heat exchange medium entering the compressor (101).

15. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the thermal management system (1) as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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