Intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and pressure of hydraulic structure in cold region

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ice load detection, and particularly provides an intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and pressure of a hydraulic structure in a cold region, and the sensor comprises a thermal insulation housing which is of a hollow structure with an opening; the sensing disc is connected to the open end of the heat preservation shell through an elastic ring, and the sensing disc and the heat preservation shell jointly define a closed cavity used for containing a force measuring assembly; the force measuring assemblies are fixedly connected to the interior of the heat preservation shell, the multiple force measuring assemblies are evenly arranged below the sensing disc in the circumferential direction, and a reference circle formed by the multiple force measuring assemblies is coaxial with the central axis of the sensing disc; the measuring end of the force measuring assembly is fixedly connected with the sensing disc; according to the invention, by arranging a plurality of force measuring assemblies which are distributed in the circumferential direction, synchronous sensing and data fusion of the ice load in multiple directions are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ice load detection technology, and in particular to an intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic structures in cold regions (such as dams, spillways, water diversion tunnels, and wharf revetments) are subjected to extreme environments of low temperatures, snow cover, and alternating freeze-thaw cycles. The freezing expansion, melting and contraction of ice, along with the compression and collision driven by water flow, generate complex tensile and compressive ice loads on the structures. These loads directly affect the structural strength, stability, and service life of hydraulic structures, and in severe cases, may lead to structural cracks, localized damage, or even overall instability. Therefore, accurate measurement of tensile and compressive ice loads is a core requirement for the design optimization, construction quality control, and long-term safety monitoring of hydraulic structures in cold regions.

[0003] Existing ice load sensors mostly focus on pressure measurement in a single direction, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the complex measurement requirements of alternating tensile and compressive forces caused by temperature changes in ice loads on hydraulic structures in cold regions. Therefore, this application proposes an intelligent monitoring sensor for tensile and compressive forces under ice loads on hydraulic structures in cold regions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression in hydraulic structures in cold regions, so as to solve the problem of the current sensors having only one measurement direction.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A smart sensor for monitoring ice load tension and compression in hydraulic structures in cold regions, 1. The sensor comprises: The heat-insulating outer shell is a hollow structure with an opening; The sensing disk is connected to the open end of the thermal insulation shell through an elastic ring. The sensing disk and the thermal insulation shell together form a sealed cavity for accommodating the force measuring component. A force measuring component is fixedly connected inside the heat insulation shell. At least three force measuring components are provided. The force measuring components are evenly arranged circumferentially below the sensing disk, and the pitch circle formed by the force measuring components is coaxial with the central axis of the sensing disk. The measuring end of the force measuring component is fixedly connected to the sensing disk.

[0006] Furthermore, the heat-insulating outer shell is provided with heat-insulating material on the outside of the sealed cavity, and a heat-insulating bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the sealed cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, the sensing disk has a ring-shaped plate structure, and the elastic ring is a ring-shaped cold-resistant rubber with an I-shaped cross-section. The elastic ring is nested on the outer edge of the sensing disk and is interference-fitted with the inner side of the opening end of the heat insulation shell.

[0008] Furthermore, the force measuring component includes: A protective outer shell, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealed cavity; An elastomer, which has an S-shaped structure, has one end fixedly connected to a protective shell and the other end connected to a measuring head, and a strain gauge is fixed on the elastomer; A strain gauge, which is fixed to the elastic body.

[0009] Furthermore, the sensor also includes: A temperature control component is used to heat the surrounding temperature of the force measuring component. The temperature control component consists of a temperature control module and an electric heating element, and is fixed inside the sealed cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, the heating element includes: A first heating element is located outside the pitch circle formed by the force measuring assembly; The second heating element is a spiral heating wire, and both the first and second heating elements are spiral heating wires. The second heating element is located inside the pitch circle.

[0011] Furthermore, the protective shell is provided with a first vent hole between the bottom of the elastomer and the sealed cavity. There are two first vent holes, which are vertically arranged on the protective shell and penetrate the protective shell. The axis of the first vent hole is perpendicular to the axis of the sealed cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the connector is also provided with a third vent hole, which extends through both sides of the connector and forms an air passage with the same structure as the first vent hole.

[0013] Furthermore, there are five force measuring components, four of which are evenly distributed around the central area in a cross shape, and the other is located in the center.

[0014] Furthermore, the detected force values ​​after processing by the force measuring components in the four circumferential directions are respectively F 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. The force measuring component located at the center detects a force value of... F If the value is 0, the ice load is calculated as follows: The normal component Fz and the x-axis tangential component F of the ice load are calculated based on Equations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. x y-axis tangential component F y : ;Formula 1 ;Formula 2 ;Formula 3; Calculate the total load F based on Formula 4; ;Formula 4; Calculate the tangential azimuth angle based on formulas 5 and 6. and space normal angle ; ;Formula 5 ;Formula 6 Wherein, the tangential azimuth angle The direction angle of the projection of the total resultant load force onto the plane of the sensing disk is the spatial normal angle. The angle between the total resultant force of the ice load and the normal of the sensing disk is given.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: This invention discloses an intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression on hydraulic structures in cold regions. By setting up multiple force measuring components distributed circumferentially, it achieves synchronous sensing and data fusion of ice load in multiple directions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a front view of the intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view of AA.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom shell structure of the intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the force measuring component in the intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the force measuring component in the intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure label: 100. Insulated outer shell; 101. Conduit; 110. Bottom shell; 111. Base plate; 112. Outer shell; 113. Inner shell; 114. Fastening head; 120. Cover plate; 130. Insulation material; 140. Insulation base plate; 200. Sensing plate; 300. Elastic ring; 400. Force measuring component; 410. Protective shell; 411. Connecting end; 412. Fixing end; 413. First vent; 414. Second vent; 420. Elastomer; 430. Measuring head; 431. Guide block; 432. Connecting block; 433. Third vent; 440. Strain gauge; 500. Temperature control component; 510. First heating element; 520. Thermal insulation frame; 530. Second heating element; 540. Heating base; 550. Heating frame. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1: Figures 1 to 4As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides an intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions. The sensor includes an insulated shell 100, a sensing disk 200, an elastic ring 300, and a force measuring component 400. The insulated shell 100 is a hollow structure with an opening to accommodate the force measuring component 400. The opening of the insulated shell 100 is connected to the sensing disk 200 via the elastic ring 300. The sensing disk 200 and the insulated shell 100 together form a sealed cavity for accommodating the force measuring component 400. The elastic ring 300 is... Between the sensing disk 200 and the insulation shell 100, a sealed connection is achieved between the sensing disk 200 and the insulation shell 100, while allowing the sensing disk 200 to displace under ice load to transmit the ice load force; at least three force measuring components 400 are provided, and the plurality of force measuring components 400 are evenly arranged circumferentially below the sensing disk 200, and the pitch circle formed by the plurality of force measuring components 400 is coaxial with the central axis of the sensing disk 200, and the measuring end of the force measuring component 400 is fixedly connected to the sensing disk 200.

[0026] In this embodiment, when measuring ice load, the sensor is installed inside the building. The ice exerts tension or pressure on the sensing disk 200, causing a slight axial displacement of the sensing disk 200. This displacement is transmitted through the sensing disk 200 to the measuring ends of multiple force measuring components 400 evenly arranged below, allowing the force measuring components 400 to detect pressure or tension. After being collected, amplified, and calculated by a subsequent processing module (not shown), the magnitude and direction of the ice load's tension or pressure can be obtained. When the sensing disk 200 is subjected to tension or pressure from the ice load, it undergoes displacement (small amplitude), such as axial displacement or deflection. When the sensing disk 200 undergoes displacement, it applies different magnitudes of force to different force measuring components 400. By measuring the forces of multiple force measuring components 400, the force of the ice load is identified. The coordinated measurement of multiple force measuring components 400 can also effectively eliminate the error of measurement in a single direction, improving the perception accuracy of complex ice load distributions.

[0027] This invention discloses an intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression on hydraulic structures in cold regions. By setting up multiple force measuring components 400 distributed circumferentially, it can realize synchronous sensing and data fusion of ice load in multiple directions.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, such as Figures 2 to 5As shown, the thermal insulation outer shell 100 includes a bottom shell 110, a cover plate 120, thermal insulation material 130, and a thermal insulation base plate 140. The bottom shell 110 includes a bottom plate 111, an outer plate 112, and an inner plate 113. The bottom plate 111 is a square flat plate structure with through holes for fastening to a building, used to fix the sensor to the surface of a hydraulic structure in a cold region using fasteners. The outer plate 112 and the inner plate 113 are vertically fixed to the bottom plate 111. On the same side, an annular cavity for accommodating the insulation material 130 is formed between the outer perimeter plate 112 and the inner perimeter plate 113. Both the outer perimeter plate 112 and the inner perimeter plate 113 are cylindrical structures with openings at both ends. The inner perimeter plate 113 is located outside the outer perimeter plate 112, and the two are arranged coaxially. The insulation material 130 is located within the annular cavity between the outer perimeter plate 112 and the inner perimeter plate 113. The outer perimeter plate 112, the inner perimeter plate 113, and the insulation material 130 form an insulation layer. In this embodiment, the outer perimeter plate 112 is a cylindrical structure, and the inner perimeter plate 113 is an irregularly shaped cylindrical structure or a cylindrical structure. The two are nested to form an annular cavity, which is filled with the insulation material 130. The outer perimeter plate 112 and the inner perimeter plate 113 are fixed to the base plate 111 by welding. The base plate 111 is also provided with a fastening head 114 inside the outer plate 112. The fastening head 114 is a threaded post, and the force measuring component 400 is fixedly connected to the fastening head 114 through a threaded structure.

[0029] The cover plate 120 is an annular plate structure, and is fixedly connected to the opening of the annular cavity formed by the outer peripheral plate 112 and the inner peripheral plate 113, for sealing the internal space of the annular cavity. In this embodiment, the inner side of the cover plate 120 is circular, the elastic ring 300 is annular cold-resistant rubber with an I-shaped cross-section, the sensing disk 200 is disc-shaped, and the elastic ring 300 is nested in the outer edge of the sensing disk 200 and has an interference fit with the inner side of the cover plate 120 to form a sealed and antifreeze structure, effectively preventing external ice water from seeping into the monitoring cavity.

[0030] In this embodiment, the insulation material 130 is a polyurethane foam material, which has thermal insulation properties and anti-freeze-swelling characteristics. It is filled in the annular cavity between the outer plate 112 and the inner plate 113 to prevent the internal components from freezing and failing in low-temperature environments, and to ensure that the sensor can operate stably for a long time in extreme cold environments.

[0031] The bottom shell 110 is also provided with a conduit 101, which is a wire through hole for leading out the wires of the internal components of the outer shell 112 to realize reliable signal transmission.

[0032] Preferably, the base plate 111 is further provided with an insulating base sheet 140. The insulating base sheet 140 is a base sheet structure made of insulating material, which covers the bottom of the area formed by the outer plate 112 and is tightly attached to the surface of the base plate 111 to further enhance the overall insulation performance. The insulating base sheet 140 is fixed to the base plate 111 with a low-temperature resistant adhesive to ensure that it does not delaminate or crack in an environment of -50℃, effectively reducing heat conduction.

[0033] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the force measuring component 400 includes a protective shell 410, an elastomer 420, and a measuring head 430. The protective shell 410 is fixedly connected to the base plate 111. The elastomer 420 has an S-shaped structure. One end of the elastomer 420 is fixedly connected to the protective shell 410, and the other end is connected to the measuring head 430. It can undergo elastic deformation under external impact or frost heave deformation. The strain gauge 440 is fixedly connected to the elastomer 420 and is used to detect the degree of deformation of the elastomer 420 and convert the deformation signal into an electrical signal for output, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of frost heave stress. The measuring head 430 is fixedly connected to the sensing disk 200.

[0034] Preferably, the protective housing 410 includes a connecting end 411 and a fixing end 412. The connecting end 411 has a threaded countersunk hole structure and is fixed to the fastening head 114. The connection is achieved through threaded engagement. The fixing end 412 has a boss structure and is used to support and fix one end of the elastic body 420. The elastic body 420 can be fixed to the fixing end 412 by thread or adhesive to ensure a stable connection. The measuring head 430 is fixed to the end of the elastic body 420 by thread or adhesive.

[0035] Preferably, the fixed end 412 can also be other structures. For example, in some embodiments, the fixed end 412 is a cylindrical structure, the inner wall contour of the fixed end 412 is the same as the contour of the elastic body 420, and the elastic body 420 is located inside the fixed end 412, so that the fixed end 412 plays a guiding role for the elastic body 420.

[0036] The measuring head 430 includes a guide block 431 and a connecting block 432. The connecting block 432 has a cylindrical end. The guide block 431 is fixed to the elastic body 420. When the fixed end 412 has a cylindrical structure, the guide block 431 fits against the inner wall of the fixed end 412 to form a sliding guide fit, thereby improving structural stability.

[0037] Preferably, in this embodiment, the sensor further includes a temperature control component 500, which is used to heat the surrounding temperature of the force measuring component 400. The temperature control component 500 consists of a temperature control module and an electric heating element. The temperature control component 500 is fixed inside the outer plate 112. The temperature control module monitors the ambient temperature in real time and controls the start and stop of the electric heating element to maintain the surrounding temperature of the force measuring component 400 in the working range of -10℃ to 5℃.

[0038] In this embodiment, the heating element includes a first heating element 510 and a second heating element 530. Both the first heating element 510 and the second heating element 530 are spiral heating wires. The first heating element 510 is located outside the pitch circle formed by the force measuring component 400, and the second heating element 530 is located inside the pitch circle, arranged symmetrically to ensure heating uniformity.

[0039] The first heating element 510 is fixed to the outer plate 112 by a heat insulation frame 520. The heat insulation frame 520 is a cylindrical insulating and heat-conducting layer. The first heating element 510 is embedded in the inner wall of the heat insulation frame 520 to prevent current leakage and improve heat conduction efficiency. The second heating element 530 is fixed to the inner side of the outer plate 112 by a heating base 540. The heating base 540 is an annular base. The end of the second heating element 530 is embedded in the annular groove of the heating base 540. A heating frame 550 is also provided on the second heating element 530. The heating frame 550 is a rod-shaped structure. The heating frame 550 is perpendicular to the base plate 111 and is fixedly connected to the heating base 540. The second heating element 530 is positioned and reinforced by the support of the heating frame 550 to ensure that it remains structurally stable under dynamic temperature changes.

[0040] The temperature control module includes a temperature sensor and a control circuit. The temperature sensor collects the ambient temperature around the force-measuring component 400 in real time and transmits it to the control circuit. The control circuit automatically adjusts the power supply status of the heating element according to a preset temperature range. When the temperature is below -10℃, the control circuit activates the first heating element 510 and the second heating element 530 for heating; when the temperature is above 5℃, the power is cut off to stop heating, thereby achieving precise temperature control.

[0041] Preferably, in this embodiment, a first vent 413 is provided between the connecting end 411 and the fixed end 412. The first vent 413 penetrates the protective shell 410 from the side. There are two first vents 413, and the two first vents 413 are arranged vertically to form mutually perpendicular airflow channels, so that the first vent 413 forms a heat insulation structure.

[0042] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, when the fixed end 412 is cylindrical, a second vent hole 414 is provided on the cylindrical fixed end 412. The second vent hole 414 penetrates the cylindrical wall of the fixed end 412, so that the elastomer 420 and the external environment can achieve air pressure and temperature balance through the second vent hole 414.

[0043] Preferably, the connecting block 432 is further provided with a third vent hole 433, which penetrates both sides of the connecting block 432 and forms an air conduction passage with the same structure as the first vent hole 413, thereby reducing the heat conduction path between the elastomer 420 and the external environment, making the working environment temperature of the elastomer 420 more stable.

[0044] Example 2: As another embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment differs from Example 1 in that five force measuring components 400 are provided, four of which are evenly distributed around the central region in a cross-shaped layout, and the other is located in the center position to enhance the detection coverage and response accuracy.

[0045] In this embodiment, when measuring ice load, the acquired raw signals are preprocessed to eliminate noise and system errors, ensuring data accuracy. The preprocessing includes zero-point calibration, signal foil processing, and outlier removal. Zero-point calibration involves acquiring the output signals of each sensor when there is no ice load, recording the zero-point offset value, and subtracting the corresponding zero-point offset value from subsequent detection data to eliminate the influence of zero drift. The signal filtering uses a low-pass digital filtering algorithm to filter the preprocessed signal, suppressing high-frequency noise such as environmental vibration and electromagnetic interference, and retaining the effective load signal. The outlier removal is based on the 3σ criterion, which detects outliers in the filtered dataset and removes data points that exceed a reasonable range (if a sensor's data deviates too much from other sensor data, it is determined to be an outlier, and data interpolation from adjacent time points is used to supplement it).

[0046] The four circumferential force measuring components 400 are denoted as S1 (positive X direction), S2 (positive Y direction), S3 (negative X direction), and S4 (negative Y direction), respectively. The pre-processed detected force values ​​are respectively F 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. Since S1 and S3, and S2 and S4 are symmetrically distributed in space, the resultant force difference in the X-axis and Y-axis directions can be calculated separately. The load component in the X-axis direction is determined by the force difference between S1 and S3, and the load component in the Y-axis direction is determined by the force difference between S2 and S4. Let the force measuring component 400 located at the center be S0, and its detected force value be F0, which is used to characterize the total load intensity in the vertical direction. Then, the calculation formula for the ice load is as follows: First, the normal component Fz and the x-axis tangential component F of the ice load are calculated based on Equations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. x y-axis tangential component F y : ;Formula 1 ;Formula 2 ;Formula 3 Where, when F1>F3, F x A positive value is found along the positive x-axis, while a negative value is found otherwise; when F2 > F4, F y A positive value is obtained along the positive y-axis, while a negative value is obtained by going away from it.

[0047] Then, the total load size F is calculated based on Formula 4: ;Formula 4 Finally, the direction of the total load is calculated, and the tangential azimuth angle is calculated based on Equations 5 and 6. and space normal angle ; ;Formula 5 in, like ; like ; like ; like ; like

[0048] or ; like

[0049] or , The tangential azimuth angle The angle of the projection of the total resultant load force onto the plane of the sensing disk; ;Formula 6 The value range of α is 0°≤α≤90°. When α=0°, the ice load is a pure normal load, and at this time (Fx=Fy=0), the ice load acts perpendicularly to the sensing disk. When α=90°, the ice load is a pure tangential load (Fz=0), and the ice load acts parallel to the sensing disk. The closer α is to 0°, the higher the proportion of normal load. The closer α is to 90°, the higher the proportion of tangential load. The spatial normal angle is the angle between the total resultant force of the ice load and the normal of the sensing disk.

[0050] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0051] It should be understood that although the present invention may use terms such as first, second, third, etc., to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information without departing from the scope of the present invention, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to a determination."

[0052] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smart sensor for monitoring the tensile and compressive stresses of ice loads on hydraulic structures in cold regions, characterized in that, The sensor includes: The heat-insulating outer shell is a hollow structure with an opening; The sensing disk is connected to the open end of the thermal insulation shell through an elastic ring. The sensing disk and the thermal insulation shell together form a sealed cavity for accommodating the force measuring component. A force measuring component is fixedly connected inside the heat insulation shell. At least three force measuring components are provided. The force measuring components are evenly arranged circumferentially below the sensing disk, and the pitch circle formed by the force measuring components is coaxial with the central axis of the sensing disk. The measuring end of the force measuring component is fixedly connected to the sensing disk. The force measuring component includes: A protective outer shell, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealed cavity; An elastomer, which has an S-shaped structure, has one end fixedly connected to a protective shell and the other end connected to a measuring head, and a strain gauge is fixed on the elastomer; A strain gauge, which is fixed to the elastic body.

2. The intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat-insulating outer shell is provided with heat-insulating material on the outside of the sealed cavity, and a heat-insulating bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the sealed cavity.

3. The intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing plate has a ring-shaped structure, and the elastic ring is a ring-shaped cold-resistant rubber with an I-shaped cross-section. The elastic ring is nested on the outer edge of the sensing plate and is interference-fitted with the inner side of the opening end of the heat insulation shell.

4. The intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor also includes: A temperature control component is used to heat the surrounding temperature of the force measuring component. The temperature control component consists of a temperature control module and an electric heating element, and is fixed inside the sealed cavity.

5. The intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heating element includes: A first heating element is located outside the pitch circle formed by the force measuring assembly; The second heating element is a spiral heating wire, and both the first and second heating elements are spiral heating wires. The second heating element is located inside the pitch circle.

6. The intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions according to claim 5, characterized in that, The protective shell has a first vent hole between the bottom of the elastomer and the sealed cavity. There are two first vent holes, which are vertically arranged on the protective shell and penetrate the protective shell. The axis of the first vent hole is perpendicular to the axis of the sealed cavity.

7. The intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connector is also provided with a third vent hole, which runs through both sides of the connector and forms an air passage with the same structure as the first vent hole.

8. The intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Five force measuring components are provided, four of which are evenly distributed around the central area in a cross shape, and the other is located in the center.

9. The intelligent monitoring sensor for ice load tension and compression of hydraulic structures in cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that, The detected force values ​​after processing by the force measuring components in the four circumferential directions are respectively F 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. The force measuring component located at the center detects a force value of... F If the value is 0, the ice load is calculated as follows: The normal component Fz and the x-axis tangential component F of the ice load are calculated based on Equations 1, 2, and 3, respectively. x y-axis tangential component F y : Official 1 Official 2 Official 3; Calculate the total load F based on Formula 4; Official 4; Calculate the tangential azimuth angle based on formulas 5 and 6. and space normal angle ; Official 5 Official 6 Wherein, the tangential azimuth angle The direction angle of the projection of the total resultant load force onto the plane of the sensing disk is the spatial normal angle. The angle between the total resultant force of the ice load and the normal of the sensing disk is given.

Images