Ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system containing tail gas treatment device and control method of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention discloses an ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system containing a tail gas treatment device. The ammonia hydrogen fuel cell system comprises an ammonia evaporation cabinet, an ammonia decomposition reaction device, a first heat exchanger, an adsorption device, a fuel cell, a second heat exchanger, a tail gas monitoring device and a tail gas adsorption device. The ammonia evaporation cabinet is divided into an ammonia storage area and a water storage area, the ammonia storage area is connected with the ammonia decomposition reaction device, and decomposed gas enters the fuel cell for power generation after heat exchange and adsorption. Liquid water in the water storage area flows back after being heated by the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger to supply heat to liquid ammonia evaporation. Tail gas is sequentially treated through the second heat exchanger, the tail gas monitoring device and the tail gas adsorption device, the tail gas adsorption device is divided into a residual ammonia adsorption module and a nitric oxide adsorption module, and efficient step-by-step adsorption of ammonia gas and nitric oxide can be achieved. The tail gas monitoring device distributes adsorption paths according to gas components, intelligent and efficient treatment of harmful components in tail gas is achieved, meanwhile, the energy utilization rate is increased through waste heat recovery, and the device has the advantages of being environmentally friendly, efficient, compact in structure and stable in operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy power generation equipment technology, specifically to an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system containing an exhaust gas treatment device and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] The environmental pollution caused by burning fossil fuels and the increasingly severe energy crisis have fueled the desire for clean and sustainable energy. Among all alternative energy sources, hydrogen energy is widely recognized as the most promising "future energy" due to its excellent energy density and environmental friendliness. The development of fuel cell technology has further propelled hydrogen energy into the spotlight of clean energy. However, the high cost and low safety of hydrogen transportation severely hinder its application. In contrast, ammonia liquefaction conditions are mild, it is easy to store and transport, and it also boasts advantages such as high safety (explosion threshold of 15.7%-27.4%) and high volumetric energy density (3kW / kg). Therefore, the method of storing and transporting hydrogen using ammonia as a hydrogen storage medium, then producing hydrogen through ammonia decomposition, and finally generating electricity through fuel cells has received widespread attention and research. In ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation devices, the exhaust gas from the flue gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition reaction device contains pollutants such as incompletely burned residual ammonia, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrous oxide. Therefore, developing a simple, small-sized, and low-cost exhaust gas treatment device for treating pollutants such as residual ammonia and nitrogen oxides generated in ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation devices is of great significance for promoting the application of ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation devices.

[0003] Chinese patents CN119400910A and CN119400911A disclose different ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell technology routes, but the following problems still exist: (1) During the heating stage of the ammonia decomposition reactor, the exhaust gas at the flue gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor contains unburned residual ammonia, which cannot be effectively treated; resulting in direct ammonia emissions and environmental pollution. (2) During the heating and stable operation stages of the ammonia decomposition reactor, the exhaust gas at the flue gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor contains pollutants such as nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and nitrous oxide due to combustion; there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the above nitrogen oxides. (3) When the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell generates electricity, the residual ammonia in the exhaust gas at the flue gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition reactor will affect the performance of the fuel cell. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing ammonia-fueled fuel cell systems, such as the lack of effective treatment for ammonia and nitrogen oxides generated during operation, resulting in direct emission of ammonia and nitrogen oxides into the air and causing environmental pollution and damage to fuel cell performance, this paper provides an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system and its control method that is compact, highly integrated, and incorporates intelligent exhaust gas monitoring and graded treatment.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system containing a tail gas treatment device, comprising an ammonia evaporator, an ammonia decomposition reaction device, a first heat exchanger, an adsorption device, a fuel cell, a second heat exchanger, a tail gas monitoring device, and a tail gas adsorption device; the ammonia evaporator consists of an ammonia storage area and a water storage area; the ammonia storage area is connected to the ammonia inlet of the ammonia decomposition reaction device; the decomposition gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition reaction device is connected to the first heat exchanger; the first heat exchanger is sequentially connected to the adsorption device and the fuel cell; the water storage area is directly connected to the first heat exchanger; the first heat exchanger is then connected to the second heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger is then connected to the water storage area; liquid water discharged from the water storage area is heated by the first and second heat exchangers and then flows back to the water storage area to provide heat for the evaporation of liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area; above the second heat exchanger... The system is sequentially connected to the exhaust gas monitoring device and the exhaust gas adsorption device; the exhaust gas adsorption device is then connected to the venting device; the exhaust gas monitoring device and the venting device are directly connected; the exhaust gas adsorption device is divided into a residual ammonia adsorption module and a nitrogen oxide adsorption module; the residual ammonia adsorption module and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module are separated by a baffle; the nitrogen oxide adsorption module is equipped with an isolation baffle; the isolation baffle divides the nitrogen oxide adsorption module into a connected exhaust gas retention area and a nitrogen oxide adsorption area; the residual ammonia adsorption module is connected to the exhaust gas retention area on the nitrogen oxide adsorption module through a connecting unit; the nitrogen oxide adsorption area is filled with nitrogen oxide adsorbent; the exhaust gas monitoring device has two outlets; one outlet of the exhaust gas monitoring device is connected to the residual ammonia adsorption module; the other outlet of the exhaust gas monitoring device is directly connected to the nitrogen oxide adsorption area.

[0006] Furthermore, there is a shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator between the ammonia storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator and the ammonia decomposition reaction device. The shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator consists of an inner tube and an outer tube with a gap between them. The inner tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator is connected to both the ammonia storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator and the ammonia decomposition reaction device. The outer tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator is filled with a heat exchange medium. The first heat exchanger has a shell-and-tube structure. The inner tube of the first heat exchanger is connected to both the ammonia decomposition reaction device and the adsorption device. The outer tube of the first heat exchanger is connected to the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator.

[0007] Furthermore, the ammonia decomposition reaction device includes a flue gas pipeline and an ammonia pipeline; the ammonia pipeline is used for the ammonia decomposition reaction, and its two ends are connected to a shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator and a first heat exchanger, respectively; the flue gas pipeline is connected to a second heat exchanger and is used to circulate high-temperature gas for heat exchange with ammonia; the ammonia pipeline is attached to the flue gas pipeline; the ammonia pipeline is filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst with a reaction temperature of less than or equal to 550°C, the ammonia decomposition catalyst includes a nickel metal support and a ruthenium active metal, the nickel metal support is provided with multiple through holes, and the ruthenium active metal is loaded inside the through holes.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a pure ammonia ignition burner, which is connected to the inner tube of the first heat exchanger and the anode outlet of the fuel cell; the pure ammonia ignition burner is also connected to the flue gas duct of the ammonia decomposition reaction device; the combustion gas discharged from the pure ammonia igniter is used as the heat source for the ammonia decomposition reactor.

[0009] Furthermore, the second heat exchanger has a shell-and-tube structure. The inner tube of the second heat exchanger is connected to the flue gas duct of the ammonia decomposition reaction device; the outer tube of the second heat exchanger is connected to the outer tube of the first heat exchanger; the outer tube of the second heat exchanger is also connected to the outer tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator; the outer tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator is then connected to the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator; the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator together form a closed heat exchange medium circulation path; the inner tube of the first heat exchanger is directly connected to the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator; the pure ammonia igniter is also connected to the centrifugal fan.

[0010] Furthermore, the exhaust gas monitoring device is equipped with an online ammonia content analyzer and an online nitrogen oxide analyzer; based on the detection data from the online ammonia content analyzer and the online nitrogen oxide content analyzer, the exhaust gas monitoring device will introduce the combustion gas discharged from the second heat exchanger into the residual ammonia adsorption module or the nitrogen oxide adsorption module.

[0011] Furthermore, the residual ammonia adsorption module is externally connected to a liquid injection unit, a liquid level sensor, an online pH monitoring system, and a waste liquid recovery unit; the liquid level inside the residual ammonia adsorption module is 60%; the nitrogen oxide adsorption module is filled with nitrogen oxide adsorbent and includes a tail gas retention zone and a nitrogen oxide adsorption zone, which are separated by an isolation baffle. There is a distance between the isolation baffle and the top of the nitrogen oxide adsorption module, connecting the tail gas retention zone and the nitrogen oxide adsorption zone; the tail gas retention zone includes a connecting unit and a reflux orifice plate, which is located on the baffle separating the residual ammonia adsorption module and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module and is connected to the residual ammonia adsorption module; the connecting unit connects the residual ammonia adsorption module and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module; the connecting pipe extends into the residual ammonia adsorption module and introduces the gas into the nitrogen oxide adsorption module for further adsorption.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting unit consists of a connecting pipe and a splash guard; the connecting pipe is fixed at one end of the nitrogen oxide adsorption module with a splash guard, and an inclined baffle is installed inside the splash guard; the inclined baffle is positioned opposite the reflux orifice plate.

[0013] A control method for an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system with an exhaust gas treatment device includes the following steps: Step 1: Heating and evaporating liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area through an ammonia evaporator; introducing the evaporated ammonia into an ammonia decomposition reactor; introducing high-temperature gas into the ammonia decomposition reactor to heat the ammonia therein; the ammonia decomposition reactor decomposes the ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture; Step 2: Introducing the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture produced by decomposition into a first heat exchanger; simultaneously introducing liquid water from the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator into the first heat exchanger; in the first heat exchanger... The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 3: The hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is purified by a purification device and then introduced into the fuel cell; the fuel cell converts the chemical energy of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture into electrical energy; the liquid water heated in the first heat exchanger is introduced into the second heat exchanger; simultaneously, the high-temperature gas used to heat ammonia in the ammonia decomposition reaction device is introduced into the second heat exchanger; in the second heat exchanger, the heat from the high-temperature gas is transferred to the liquid water heated in the first heat exchanger, further heating the liquid water; Step 4: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water heated in the first heat exchanger, thus further heating the liquid water; Step 5: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 6: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 7: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 8: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 9: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 10: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 11: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 12: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 13: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage area, thus heating the liquid water; Step 14: The heat from the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the storage Step 4: The liquid water, further heated by the second heat exchanger, is used to heat the liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator. The high-temperature gas from the second heat exchanger is introduced into the tail gas monitoring module for content analysis. Based on the content analysis results from the tail gas monitoring module, the high-temperature gas is either introduced into the tail gas adsorption module for purification and adsorption, or introduced into the venting device for venting. When the tail gas monitoring device detects that the ammonia content in the high-temperature gas is greater than or equal to 5 ppm and the nitrogen oxide content is greater than or equal to 5 mg / m3, the high-temperature gas sequentially enters the residual ammonia adsorption module and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module in the tail gas adsorption module for residual ammonia adsorption and nitrogen oxide adsorption, and is then vented. When the tail gas monitoring device detects that the ammonia content in the high-temperature gas is less than 5 ppm and the nitrogen oxide content is greater than or equal to 5 mg / m3, the high-temperature gas enters the nitrogen oxide adsorption module for nitrogen oxide adsorption and purification, and is then vented. When the tail gas monitoring device detects that the ammonia content in the high-temperature gas is less than 5 ppm and the nitrogen oxide content is less than 5 mg / m3, the high-temperature gas enters the venting device and is discharged.

[0014] Furthermore, in steps one and four, the high-temperature flue gas is the combustion gas produced by the combustion of ammonia in a pure ammonia ignition burner; in step four, a shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator is also included; the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator is connected to the water storage area and the ammonia storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator, respectively; the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator as a heat source for heating the ammonia gas-liquid mixture; then the hot water heated by the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator is introduced into the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator as a heat source for heating the liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area.

[0015] This invention discloses an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell with a tail gas treatment device and its control method, which has the following advantages: A) It innovatively adds a tail gas treatment device at the tail gas outlet to treat residual ammonia and nitrogen oxides generated by the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation device, protecting the environment while improving the stability of the fuel cell during operation. B) This invention uses a dual adsorption module to adsorb ammonia and nitrogen oxides separately, improving adsorption efficiency. C) This invention adopts an intelligent monitoring mode to continuously detect the ammonia and nitrogen oxide content in the tail gas and intelligently allocates the adsorption mode according to the gas composition in the tail gas, making it more targeted. D) This invention recovers the waste heat of combustion exhaust gas and preheats the reaction product gas through a circulation pipeline to heat the ammonia tank in the evaporator and the liquid ammonia in the gas-liquid separation device, reducing system heat loss, further improving energy utilization efficiency, and making the system temperature more stable and controllable. This tail gas treatment device is highly intelligent, efficient, environmentally friendly, simple in structure, small in size, easy to operate, simple to maintain, and low in cost, making it very suitable for ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems equipped with pure ammonia ignition burners. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system containing a tail gas treatment device according to the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 The present invention relates to a second heat exchanger, an exhaust gas monitoring device, and an exhaust gas adsorption device for an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system containing an exhaust gas treatment device. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system containing an exhaust gas treatment device according to the present invention includes an ammonia evaporator 1, an ammonia decomposition reaction device 3, a first heat exchanger 4, an adsorption device 5, a fuel cell 6, a second heat exchanger 8, an exhaust gas monitoring device 9, and an exhaust gas adsorption device 10; the exhaust gas monitoring device 9 and the exhaust gas adsorption system 10 together constitute an exhaust gas treatment module.

[0021] The ammonia evaporator 1 consists of an ammonia storage area and a water storage area; the ammonia storage area is connected to the ammonia inlet 31 of the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3; the decomposition gas outlet 32 ​​of the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3 is connected to the first heat exchanger 4; the first heat exchanger 4 is connected in sequence to the adsorption device 5 and the fuel cell 6.

[0022] The water storage area is directly connected to the first heat exchanger 4; the first heat exchanger 4 is then connected to the second heat exchanger 8; the second heat exchanger 8 is then connected to the water storage area; the liquid water discharged from the water storage area is heated by the first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 8 and then flows back to the water storage area to provide heat for the evaporation of liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area.

[0023] The second heat exchanger 8 is sequentially connected to the exhaust gas monitoring device 9 and the exhaust gas adsorption device 10 above it. The exhaust gas adsorption device 10 is divided into a residual ammonia adsorption module 104 and a nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105. An isolation baffle 1018 is provided inside the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105. The isolation baffle 1018 divides the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 into a communicating exhaust gas retention zone 1019 and a nitrogen oxide adsorption zone 1017. The residual ammonia adsorption module 104 is connected to the exhaust gas retention zone 1019 on the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 through a connecting unit 1014. The nitrogen oxide adsorption zone 1017 is filled with nitrogen oxide adsorbent. The exhaust gas monitoring device 9 has two outlets. One outlet of the exhaust gas monitoring device 9 is connected to the residual ammonia adsorption module 104. The other outlet of the exhaust gas monitoring device 9 is directly connected to the nitrogen oxide adsorption zone 1017.

[0024] exist Figure 1 In this device, a sleeve-type ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 is also provided between the ammonia storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator 1 and the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3. The sleeve-type ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 consists of an inner tube and an outer tube, with the outer tube sleeved outside the inner tube and a gap between them. The inner tube of the sleeve-type ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 is connected to both the ammonia storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator 1 and the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3. The outer tube of the sleeve-type ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 is filled with a heat exchange medium. The ammonia gas-liquid mixture introduced from the ammonia storage area enters the inner tube of the sleeve-type ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 and is separated under the heating effect of the heat exchange medium in the outer tube. The separated ammonia gas is discharged from the inner tube of the sleeve-type ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 and then enters the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3 for decomposition reaction.

[0025] The combustion outlets of the ammonia decomposition reactor 3 and the pure ammonia ignition burner 7 are connected; the gas produced by the combustion in the pure ammonia ignition burner 7 can be used to heat the ammonia in the ammonia decomposition reactor 3 and provide heat for the decomposition of ammonia; at the same time, the first heat exchanger 4 and the fuel cell 6 are also connected to the fuel gas inlet of the pure ammonia ignition burner 7; the ammonia decomposition reactor 3 and the first heat exchanger 4 are connected; the decomposed hydrogen-nitrogen mixture discharged from the ammonia decomposition reactor 3 enters the first heat exchanger 4; wherein the first heat exchanger 4 is a shell-and-tube structure; the inner tube (tube side) of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the ammonia decomposition reactor 3. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixture obtained after decomposition by the ammonia decomposition reactor 3 enters the inner tube of the first heat exchanger 4 and exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the gap (shell side) between the outer and inner tubes of the first heat exchange tube 4; this achieves further heating and decomposition of the unreacted ammonia in the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture, thereby improving the decomposition efficiency of ammonia and the yield of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture; the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture, after being further heated by the first heat exchanger 4, is discharged from the inner tube of the first heat exchanger 4, and after the residual ammonia is adsorbed by the adsorption device 5, it enters the fuel cell 6; the fuel cell 6 is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the fuel cell 6 converts the chemical energy of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture into electrical energy; thus realizing the power generation of the system.

[0026] Meanwhile, the pure ammonia ignition burner 7 is connected to the inner tube of the first heat exchanger 4 and the anode outlet of the fuel cell 6; the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3 is then connected to the second heat exchanger 8; the remaining hydrogen gas discharged from the fuel cell 6 after power generation, and part of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture discharged from the inner tube of the first heat exchanger 4, are mixed and enter the pure ammonia ignition burner 7 to assist the combustion of ammonia, thereby increasing the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas of the pure ammonia ignition burner 7; the pure ammonia ignition burner 7 is then connected to the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3, and the combustion gas produced after the combustion of the pure ammonia ignition burner 7, such as a mixture of nitrogen oxides and water vapor, serves as the heat source for the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3 to heat the ammonia gas and promote the endothermic decomposition of ammonia gas into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture; after heating, the remaining combustion gas is discharged from the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3 and enters the connected second heat exchanger 8; specifically, the second heat exchanger 8 is also a shell-and-tube structure, and the inner tube of the second heat exchanger 8 is connected to the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3. The combustion gas discharged from the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3 enters the second heat exchanger 8. The ammonia decomposition reaction device 3 includes a flue gas pipe and an ammonia pipe. The ammonia pipe is used for the ammonia decomposition reaction, and its two ends are respectively connected to the inner tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 and the first heat exchanger 4. The two ends of the flue gas pipe are respectively connected to the inner tube of the pure ammonia ignition burner 7 and the second heat exchanger 8. The flue gas pipe is used to circulate the combustion gas discharged from the pure ammonia ignition burner 7. The ammonia pipe is in close contact with the flue gas pipe. The temperature of the combustion gas in the flue gas pipe is transferred to the ammonia in the ammonia pipe, thereby heating the ammonia. More preferably, the ammonia pipe is filled with an ammonia decomposition catalyst with a reaction temperature of less than or equal to 550°C. The ammonia decomposition catalyst includes a nickel metal carrier and a ruthenium active metal. The nickel metal carrier is provided with multiple through holes, and the ruthenium active metal is loaded inside the through holes. The pure ammonia ignition burner 7 is connected to a centrifugal fan 11.

[0027] The ammonia evaporator 1 has its water storage area connected to the shell side (the gap between the outer and inner tubes) of the first heat exchanger 4; the shell side (the gap between the outer and inner tubes) of the first heat exchanger 4 is then connected to the shell side (the gap between the outer and inner tubes) of the second heat exchanger 8; the shell side of the second heat exchanger 8 is connected to the outer tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2; and the outer tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 is finally connected to the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator 1. Cold water discharged from the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator 1 first enters the shell side of the first heat exchanger 4, where it exchanges heat with the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture in the tube side. The cold water discharged from the water storage area is then heated; the heated cold water... Water enters the shell side of the second heat exchanger 8 and exchanges heat with the combustion gas in the inner tube of the second heat exchanger 8; further utilizing the heat of the combustion gas itself and increasing the temperature of the liquid water; the heated liquid water exits from the shell side of the second heat exchanger 8 and enters the outer tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2, using the heat absorbed from the first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 8 to heat the ammonia gas-liquid mixture in the inner tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 and promote gas-liquid separation between the gas and liquid mixture; the remaining heated liquid water exits from the outer tube of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 and flows back to the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator 1; the ammonia evaporator 1 and the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2... The heat exchanger 2, the first heat exchanger 4, and the second heat exchanger 8 together form a heat exchange medium circulation path. This heat exchange medium circulation path can make full use of the waste heat generated after combustion by the burner 7 and the waste heat of the heated gas after decomposition by the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3, providing heat to the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 and the ammonia evaporator 1 respectively, thereby improving the energy reuse rate of the system and reducing energy consumption. The heat exchange medium of the first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 8 can transfer the heat of the high-temperature ammonia decomposition gas in the ammonia decomposition reaction device 3 and the high-temperature tail gas generated by the pure ammonia ignition burner to the liquid ammonia in the ammonia evaporator 1 and the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2, so as to provide the heat required for liquid ammonia evaporation. Specifically, after absorbing a large amount of heat through the first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 8, the heat exchange medium (e.g., liquid water) sequentially enters the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2 and the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator cabinet for heat exchange, providing heat for ammonia evaporation in the ammonia evaporator cabinet and gas-liquid separation in the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2; more preferably, in order to accelerate the vaporization of liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator cabinet 1, improve the gas-liquid separation effect of the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator 2, and provide more heat for the vaporization of liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area; preferably, the shell side of the first heat exchanger 4 is connected to the water storage area; part of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture in the tube side of the first heat exchanger 4 is discharged and introduced into the water storage area to heat the liquid ammonia inside the ammonia storage area;This raises the temperature of the liquid ammonia, providing heat for the evaporation of ammonia in ammonia evaporator 1.

[0028] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an exhaust gas monitoring device 9 and an exhaust gas adsorption device 10 are sequentially connected above the second heat exchanger 8. The combustion gas discharged from the inner tube of the second heat exchanger 8, after heat exchange with liquid water, enters the exhaust gas monitoring device 9. The exhaust gas monitoring device 9 is used to detect the gas composition in the exhaust gas and intelligently allocates the exhaust gas treatment mode according to different exhaust gas compositions. The exhaust gas monitoring device 9 is equipped with an online ammonia content analyzer 98 and an online nitrogen oxide content analyzer 99. Based on the detection data from the online ammonia content analyzer 98 and the online nitrogen oxide content analyzer 99, the exhaust gas monitoring device 9 intelligently guides the combustion gas discharged from the second heat exchanger into the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 or the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105. The specific allocation method is as follows:

[0029] The online ammonia analyzer 98 detected an ammonia content in the combustion gas greater than or equal to 5 ppm, and the online nitrogen oxide analyzer 99 detected a nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas greater than or equal to 5 mg / m³. 3 At the same time, the combustion gas enters the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 sequentially, but is not treated separately. After the combustion gas is treated, it is discharged. Specifically, the combustion gas is cooled by the second heat exchanger 8 and then enters the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 through a solenoid valve (not shown). After the ammonia-containing combustion gas is adsorbed by the residual ammonia adsorption module 104, it enters the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 through the central connecting unit 1014 for nitrogen oxide adsorption. The clean combustion gas after adsorption by the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 is discharged through the venting device 12.

[0030] When the online ammonia content analyzer 98 detects that the ammonia content in the combustion gas is less than 5 ppm and the online nitrogen oxide content analyzer 99 detects that the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas is greater than or equal to 5 mg / m3, the combustion gas directly enters the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 to complete the exhaust gas treatment and then is discharged. Specifically, after the combustion gas is cooled by the second heat exchanger 8, it directly enters the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 through the solenoid valve (not shown). The clean combustion gas after adsorption by the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 is discharged through the exhaust device 12.

[0031] When the online ammonia content analyzer 98 detects that the ammonia content in the combustion gas is less than 5 ppm and the online nitrogen oxide content analyzer 99 detects that the nitrogen oxide content in the combustion gas is less than 5 mg / m3, the combustion gas enters the second inlet 124 of the exhaust device through the third exhaust outlet 97 for discharge. A solenoid valve (not shown) is installed between the third exhaust outlet 97 and the second inlet 124 of the exhaust device.

[0032] Based on different exhaust gas compositions, intelligent exhaust gas treatment modes can be allocated to treat exhaust gas more efficiently and specifically according to different operating stages of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. During the hot operation stage of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, due to the low system temperature, the proportion of ammonia in the fuel gas is high, and the ammonia and nitrogen oxide contents in the combustion gas are also high. At this time, the combustion gas needs to sequentially enter the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 to complete ammonia adsorption and nitrogen oxide adsorption respectively before being discharged. During the start-up operation stage of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, when the system temperature is basically stable... In the initial stage, the fuel gas is mainly composed of ammonia decomposition gas cooled by the second heat exchanger 4. The ammonia content in the ammonia decomposition gas is low, resulting in a low ammonia content and a high nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas. At this stage, the combustion gas only needs to enter the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 to complete nitrogen oxide adsorption before being discharged. During the stable operation phase of the ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, the system temperature is stable, and the fuel gas is mainly the fuel cell exhaust gas from the fuel cell 6. At this stage, the fuel gas is mainly hydrogen, and the exhaust gas contains almost no ammonia or nitrogen oxides. After the exhaust gas passes the emission test by the exhaust gas monitoring device 9, it can be directly discharged into the venting device. Intelligent allocation of exhaust gas treatment modes based on different exhaust gas compositions can effectively increase the service life of the exhaust gas treatment device. Furthermore, since the direct venting route has low system resistance, using different exhaust gas emission routes based on different exhaust gas compositions can also increase the service life of the centrifugal fan.

[0033] exist Figure 2In this structure, the exhaust gas adsorption device 10 is divided into a residual ammonia adsorption module 104 and a nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105, which are arranged in close contact. The residual ammonia adsorption module 104 and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 are separated by a baffle. The residual ammonia adsorption module 104 is externally connected to a liquid injection unit 107, a liquid level sensor 109, an online pH monitoring system 1011, and a waste liquid recovery unit 1016. The liquid level sensor 109 is used to monitor the liquid level of the adsorption solution in the residual ammonia adsorption module 104. When the liquid level sensor 109 detects that the liquid level in the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 is less than or equal to 40%, the adsorption solution in the liquid injection unit 107 enters the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 through a solenoid valve (not shown). When the liquid level sensor 109 detects that the liquid level in the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 is less than or equal to 40%, the adsorption solution in the liquid injection unit 107 enters the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 through a solenoid valve (not shown). When the liquid level is greater than or equal to 60%, the solenoid valve (not shown) is closed, and the adsorbed solution in the injection unit 107 stops entering the residual ammonia adsorption module 104, completing the injection. The online pH monitoring system 1011 is used to monitor the pH of the adsorbed solution in the residual ammonia adsorption module 104. When the online pH monitoring system 1011 detects that the pH of the adsorbed solution in the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 is greater than or equal to 2.4, the adsorbed solution in the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 enters the waste liquid recovery unit 1016 through the solenoid valve (not shown). After the adsorbed solution in the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 is drained, the solenoid valve (not shown) is opened, and the solution in the injection unit 107 is injected into the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 until the liquid level in the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 reaches 60%.

[0034] The nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 is filled with nitrogen oxide adsorbent. The nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 includes a tail gas retention zone 1019 and a nitrogen oxide adsorption zone 1017. The tail gas retention zone 1019 and the nitrogen oxide adsorption zone 1017 are separated by an isolation baffle 1018 to prevent liquid tail gas contamination from the residual ammonia adsorption module 104. A certain distance exists between the isolation baffle 1018 and the top of the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 to connect the tail gas retention zone 1019 and the nitrogen oxide adsorption zone 1017. The tail gas retention zone 1019 includes the connecting unit 1014 and the reflux perforated plate 1015. The reflux orifice plate 1015 is located on the baffle separating the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 and communicates with the residual ammonia adsorption module 104; the connecting unit 1014 connects the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105, and the connecting unit 1014 consists of a connecting pipe and a splash guard. The connecting pipe extends into the residual ammonia adsorption module 104 and introduces gas into the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105 for further adsorption. A splash guard is fixed at one end of the connecting pipe located in the nitrogen oxide adsorption module 105, and an inclined baffle is provided inside the splash guard. The inclined baffle is positioned opposite the reflux orifice plate 1015. The combustion exhaust gas, after ammonia has been adsorbed and removed by the residual ammonia adsorption module 104, enters the anti-splash check valve through the connecting pipe. A small amount of liquid in the combustion exhaust gas falls off the inclined baffle within the anti-splash check valve, entering the reflux orifice plate 1015 and then the residual ammonia adsorption module 104. The remaining dry exhaust gas enters the nitrogen oxide adsorption zone 1017 above the isolation baffle 1018. The nitrogen oxide adsorbent in the nitrogen oxide adsorption zone 1017... The adsorbent is used to continue adsorbing nitrogen oxides in the residual combustion gas, achieving a purification adsorption system for the combustion exhaust gas. After purification, the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the nitrogen oxide adsorption zone 1017 and then enters the venting device for venting. This completes the purification treatment of the exhaust gas after combustion and reduces the pollution to the environment caused by the direct emission of ammonia and nitrogen oxides. By adopting the above structure, the exhaust gas adsorption module contains both a nitrogen oxide adsorption module and a residual ammonia adsorption module, combined with an exhaust gas monitoring module, achieving complete removal and efficient detection of nitrogen oxides and residual ammonia in the combustion gas. While achieving sufficient removal of nitrogen oxides and ammonia, the efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment process is greatly improved.

[0035] This application also discloses a control method for an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system containing a tail gas treatment device, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Step 1: The liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area is heated and evaporated through an ammonia evaporation cabinet; the evaporated ammonia is then introduced into the ammonia decomposition reaction device; high-temperature gas is introduced into the ammonia decomposition reaction device to heat the ammonia therein; the ammonia decomposition reaction device decomposes the ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixture.

[0037] Step 2: The hydrogen-nitrogen mixture produced by decomposition is introduced into the first heat exchanger; at the same time, the liquid water in the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator is introduced into the first heat exchanger; in the first heat exchanger, the heat of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the water storage area and the liquid water is heated.

[0038] Step 3: The hydrogen-nitrogen mixture is purified by a purification device and then introduced into the fuel cell; the fuel cell converts the chemical energy of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture into electrical energy; the liquid water heated in the first heat exchanger is introduced into the second heat exchanger; at the same time, the high-temperature gas used to heat ammonia in the ammonia decomposition reaction device is introduced into the second heat exchanger; in the second heat exchanger, the heat of the high-temperature gas is transferred to the liquid water heated in the first heat exchanger and the liquid water is further heated.

[0039] Step 4: The liquid water, which has been further heated by the second heat exchanger, is used to heat the liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator; the high-temperature gas in the second heat exchanger is introduced into the tail gas monitoring module for content analysis; based on the content analysis results in the tail gas monitoring module, the high-temperature gas is introduced into the tail gas adsorption module for purification and adsorption, or the high-temperature gas is introduced into the venting device for venting.

[0040] The exhaust gas monitoring device detected that the ammonia content in the high-temperature gas was greater than or equal to 5 ppm and the nitrogen oxide content was greater than or equal to 5 mg / m³. 3 At that time, the high-temperature gas enters the residual ammonia adsorption module and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module in the tail gas adsorption module in sequence, and is discharged after the residual ammonia and nitrogen oxides are adsorbed in sequence.

[0041] The exhaust gas monitoring device detected that the ammonia content in the high-temperature gas was less than 5 ppm and the nitrogen oxide content was greater than or equal to 5 mg / m³. 3 At that time, high-temperature gas enters the nitrogen oxide adsorption module for adsorption and purification of nitrogen oxides, and is then discharged into the air after extraction.

[0042] The exhaust gas monitoring device detected that the ammonia content in the high-temperature gas was less than 5 ppm and the nitrogen oxide content was less than 5 mg / m³. 3 At that time, the high-temperature gas enters the venting device and is discharged.

[0043] In steps one and four, the high-temperature flue gas is the combustion gas produced by the combustion of ammonia in a pure ammonia ignition burner; step four also includes a shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator; the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator is connected to the water storage area and the ammonia storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator, respectively; the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator as a heat source for heating the ammonia gas-liquid mixture; then the hot water after the shell-and-tube ammonia gas-liquid separator heats the liquid ammonia is introduced into the water storage area of ​​the ammonia evaporator as a heat source for heating the liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area.

[0044] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. An ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system comprising a tail gas treatment device, comprising an ammonia evaporation cabinet, an ammonia decomposition reaction device, a first heat exchanger, an adsorption device, a fuel cell, a second heat exchanger, a tail gas monitoring device and a tail gas adsorption device; characterized in that: the ammonia evaporation cabinet is composed of an ammonia storage area and a water storage area; the ammonia storage area is connected to the ammonia gas inlet of the ammonia decomposition reaction device; the decomposition gas outlet of the ammonia decomposition reaction device is connected to the first heat exchanger; the first heat exchanger is connected to the adsorption device and the fuel cell in turn; the water storage area is directly connected to the first heat exchanger; the first heat exchanger is connected to the second heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger is connected to the water storage area; the liquid water discharged from the water storage area is heated by the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger and then flows back to the water storage area to provide heat for the evaporation of liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area; the second heat exchanger is connected to the tail gas monitoring device and the tail gas adsorption device in turn; the tail gas adsorption device is connected to a venting device; the tail gas monitoring device is directly connected to the venting device; the tail gas adsorption device is divided into a residual ammonia adsorption module and a nitrogen oxide adsorption module; the residual ammonia adsorption module and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module are separated by a baffle; an isolation baffle is arranged in the nitrogen oxide adsorption module; the isolation baffle divides the nitrogen oxide adsorption module into a tail gas retention area and a nitrogen oxide adsorption area which are in communication; the residual ammonia adsorption module is connected to the tail gas retention area of the nitrogen oxide adsorption module through a communication unit; the nitrogen oxide adsorption area is filled with a nitrogen oxide adsorbent; two outlets are respectively arranged on the tail gas monitoring device; one of the outlets of the tail gas monitoring device is connected to the residual ammonia adsorption module; the other outlet of the tail gas monitoring device is directly connected to the nitrogen oxide adsorption area.

2. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system with exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized by: a jacketed ammonia gas-liquid separation device is arranged between the ammonia storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet and the ammonia decomposition reaction device; the jacketed ammonia gas-liquid separation device is composed of an inner tube and an outer tube and a gap exists between the outer tube and the inner tube; the inner tube of the jacketed ammonia gas-liquid separation device is connected to the ammonia storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet and the ammonia decomposition reaction device respectively; the outer tube of the jacketed ammonia gas-liquid separation device is filled with a heat exchange medium; the first heat exchanger is of a jacketed structure; the inner tube of the first heat exchanger is connected to the ammonia decomposition reaction device and the adsorption device respectively; the outer tube of the first heat exchanger is connected to the water storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet.

3. An ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system comprising a tail gas treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ammonia decomposition reaction device comprises a flue gas pipeline and an ammonia pipeline; the ammonia pipeline is used for ammonia decomposition reaction, and two ends of the ammonia pipeline are connected with the sleeve type ammonia liquid separation device and the first heat exchanger respectively; the flue gas pipeline is connected with the second heat exchanger, and the flue gas pipeline is used for circulating high-temperature gas for heat exchange with ammonia; the ammonia pipeline is attached to the flue gas pipeline; the ammonia decomposition catalyst with a reaction temperature less than or equal to 550 DEG C is filled in the ammonia pipeline, and the ammonia decomposition catalyst comprises a nickel metal carrier and a ruthenium active metal, a plurality of through holes are arranged on the nickel metal carrier, and the ruthenium active metal is loaded in the through holes.

4. An ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system comprising a tail gas treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A pure ammonia ignition burner is further connected with the inner tube of the first heat exchanger and the anode outlet of the fuel cell respectively; the pure ammonia ignition burner is further connected with the flue gas pipeline of the ammonia decomposition reaction device; and combustion gas discharged from the pure ammonia ignition burner is used as a heat source of the ammonia decomposition reactor.

5. An ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system comprising a tail gas treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second heat exchanger is a sleeve type structure, the inner tube of the second heat exchanger is connected with the flue gas pipeline of the ammonia decomposition reaction device; the outer tube of the second heat exchanger is connected with the outer tube of the first heat exchanger; the outer tube of the second heat exchanger is further connected with the outer tube of the sleeve type ammonia liquid separation device; the outer tube of the sleeve type ammonia liquid separation device is further connected with the water storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet; the water storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the sleeve type ammonia liquid separation device jointly form a closed heat exchange medium circulation path; the inner tube of the first heat exchanger is directly communicated with the water storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet; and the pure ammonia ignition burner is further connected with a centrifugal fan.

6. The ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system with exhaust gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized by: The tail gas monitoring device is provided with an online ammonia content analyzer and an online nitrogen oxide analyzer; the tail gas monitoring device guides combustion gas discharged from the second heat exchanger into the residual ammonia adsorption module or the nitrogen oxide adsorption module according to detection data of the online ammonia content analyzer and the online nitrogen oxide content analyzer.

7. An ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system comprising a tail gas treatment device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The residual ammonia adsorption module is externally connected with a liquid injection unit, a liquid level sensor, an online PH monitoring system and a waste liquid recovery unit; the liquid level in the residual ammonia adsorption module is 60%; the nitrogen oxide adsorption module is filled with a nitrogen oxide adsorbent, The nitrogen oxide adsorption module comprises a tail gas residence area and a nitrogen oxide adsorption area, the tail gas residence area and the nitrogen oxide adsorption area are separated by a separation baffle, and the separation baffle is connected with the top of the nitrogen oxide adsorption module and has a distance between the tail gas residence area and the nitrogen oxide adsorption area; The tail gas residence area comprises the communication unit and the backflow hole plate, the backflow hole plate is located on the baffle separating the residual ammonia adsorption module and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module and communicates with the residual ammonia adsorption module; the communication unit connects the residual ammonia adsorption module and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module; the communication pipe extends into the residual ammonia adsorption module and introduces gas into the nitrogen oxide adsorption module for further adsorption.

8. An ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system comprising a tail gas treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The communication unit is composed of a communication pipe and a splash-proof check valve; the communication pipe is fixed with a splash-proof check valve at one end of the nitrogen oxide adsorption module, and an inclined baffle is arranged in the splash-proof check valve; the inclined baffle is arranged opposite to the backflow hole plate.

9. A control method for an ammonia-hydrogen fuel cell system containing a tail gas treatment unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: Step one: liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area is heated and evaporated by the ammonia evaporation cabinet; the evaporated ammonia gas is introduced into the ammonia decomposition reaction device; high-temperature gas is introduced into the ammonia decomposition reaction device for heating the ammonia gas therein; The ammonia decomposition reaction device decomposes the ammonia gas into hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas; Step two: the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas generated by decomposition is introduced into the first heat exchanger; at the same time, liquid water in the water storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet is introduced into the first heat exchanger; in the first heat exchanger, the heat of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas is transferred to the liquid water introduced from the water storage area and the liquid water is warmed up; Step three: the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas is introduced into the fuel cell after being purified by the purification device; the fuel cell converts the chemical energy of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas into electrical energy; the liquid water warmed up in the first heat exchanger is introduced into the second heat exchanger; at the same time, the high-temperature gas used for heating the ammonia gas in the ammonia decomposition reaction device is introduced into the second heat exchanger; in the second heat exchanger, the heat of the high-temperature gas is transferred to the liquid water warmed up by the first heat exchanger and the liquid water is further heated and warmed up; Step four: the liquid water further heated by the second heat exchanger is used to heat the liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet; the high-temperature gas in the second heat exchanger is introduced into the tail gas monitoring module for content analysis; according to the content analysis result in the tail gas monitoring module, the high-temperature gas is introduced into the tail gas adsorption module for purification adsorption, or the high-temperature gas is introduced into the exhaust device for exhaust; When the ammonia content in the high-temperature gas detected by the tail gas monitoring device is greater than or equal to 5 ppm and the nitrogen oxide content is greater than or equal to 5 mg / m3, the high-temperature gas enters the residual ammonia adsorption module and the nitrogen oxide adsorption module in the tail gas adsorption module in turn, and the residual ammonia adsorption and the nitrogen oxide adsorption are carried out in turn and then exhausted; When the ammonia content in the high-temperature gas detected by the tail gas monitoring device is less than 5 ppm and the nitrogen oxide content is greater than or equal to 5 mg / m3, the high-temperature gas enters the nitrogen oxide adsorption module to carry out the nitrogen oxide adsorption and purification, and then is exhausted after completion of the purification; When the ammonia content in the high-temperature gas detected by the tail gas monitoring device is less than 5 ppm and the nitrogen oxide content is less than 5 mg / m3, the high-temperature gas enters the exhaust device and is discharged.

10. The control method of claim 9, wherein: In step one and step four, the high-temperature flue gas is the combustion gas generated by burning ammonia by a pure ammonia ignition burner; in step four, a double-pipe ammonia gas-liquid separation device is further included; the double-pipe ammonia gas-liquid separation device is connected with the water storage area and the ammonia storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet respectively; the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the double-pipe ammonia gas-liquid separation device as a heat source for heating the ammonia gas-liquid mixture; then the hot water heated by the double-pipe ammonia gas-liquid separation device after heating the liquid ammonia is introduced into the water storage area of the ammonia evaporation cabinet as a heating heat source for the liquid ammonia in the ammonia storage area.

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