Ceramic reinforced aluminum-based workpiece and preparation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum-based composite material preparation, in particular to a ceramic reinforced aluminum-based workpiece and a preparation method. The ceramic reinforced aluminum-based workpiece is prepared by the method. The method comprises the steps that a forming die is assembled and filled with aluminum-based composite powder; sintering the forming die filled with the aluminum-based composite powder in an inert atmosphere to obtain a sintered green body; performing die forging treatment on the sintered green body to obtain a prefabricated green body; and after the prefabricated blank is machined to the size of a finished product, the prefabricated blank is sequentially subjected to solution treatment and aging treatment, and the ceramic reinforced aluminum-based workpiece is obtained. By means of the method, the ceramic reinforced aluminum-based workpiece with the large length-diameter ratio can be prepared, and the problems that cracks are generated when a formed blank is not separated from the female die, and layering and fragmentation are generated in the demolding process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum-based composite material preparation technology, and in particular to a ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, among the methods for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix workpieces, the more economical and common methods include infiltration, casting, and powder metallurgy. However, infiltration often suffers from high preform preparation costs, high energy consumption, and severe interfacial reactions. Casting is advantageous for preparing low-volume-fraction ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix workpieces, but it encounters problems such as inhomogeneity of the ceramic reinforcing phase, high energy consumption, and severe interfacial reactions when preparing medium- to high-volume-fraction ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix workpieces. Powder metallurgy produces ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix workpieces with excellent uniformity and lower temperatures compared to infiltration and casting methods, while avoiding high energy consumption and severe interfacial reactions. However, it faces the challenge of preparing the preform when preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix workpieces with large aspect ratios (such as fan blades).

[0003] Specifically, during the powder forming process, the forming pressure applied to the upper and lower dies creates outward lateral pressure on the die. This pressure causes the die sidewalls to elastically deform outwards, with the deformation becoming more severe closer to the center. The increased gap between the deformed die and the punch allows powder to leak out, resulting in incomplete forming of the blank and missing corners. In this case, the blank's width in the middle section is greater than at both ends due to the outward deformation of the die. After the forming pressure is released, the die's elastic deformation recovers, creating inward compressive force on the formed blank, especially at the widest point in the middle section. This compressive force causes cracks in the formed blank before it is removed from the die, leading to delamination and fragmentation during demolding.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix workpiece and its preparation method to solve the problems that occur when using existing powder metallurgy methods to apply forming pressure to the upper and lower dies during the powder forming process of preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix workpieces with large aspect ratios, resulting in cracks in the formed blank before it is removed from the female mold, and delamination and fragmentation during demolding. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece and its preparation method. The specific technical solution is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces, comprising: Step S1: Assemble the forming mold and load aluminum-based composite powder; specifically, aluminum foil is laid along the inner wall of the cavity formed by the female mold and the lower mold to form an aluminum foil sleeve; the mixed aluminum-based composite powder is loaded into the aluminum foil sleeve while tapping the cavity until the aluminum-based composite powder is compacted and fills the cavity; after smoothing the aluminum-based composite powder along the top of the cavity, the aluminum foil sleeve completely covers the aluminum-based composite powder; the upper mold is detachably installed on the female mold to cover the cavity to form the forming mold, and the upper mold and the female mold are slidably set relative to the lower mold under the action of gravity to provide forming pressure for the aluminum-based composite powder; The aluminum-based composite powder consists of the following raw material components by mass percentage: 3%~6% copper powder, 2%~4% magnesium powder, 10%~40% ceramic powder, and the balance aluminum powder. Step S2: The forming mold containing the aluminum-based composite powder is sintered under an inert atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; after the forming mold cools to room temperature, the forming mold is disassembled and the sintered blank is taken out. Step S3: After the sintered billet is forged, a preform is obtained; Step S4: After machining the preform to the finished size, the preform is subjected to solution treatment and aging treatment in sequence to obtain ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece; wherein, the solution treatment includes heat preservation treatment and quenching treatment in sequence.

[0006] Optionally, in step S1, graphite paper is also laid between the female mold and the upper mold, between the female mold and the lower mold, and between the inner wall of the female mold and the aluminum foil sheath. The thickness of the graphite paper is 0.05~0.5mm.

[0007] Optionally, in step S1, the aluminum foil used for the aluminum foil sheath has a thickness of 0.01~0.2mm.

[0008] Optionally, in step S1, the forming pressure is not less than 0.01 MPa.

[0009] Optionally, in the aluminum-based composite powder, the median diameter of the copper powder and the magnesium powder is 30~80μm, the median diameter of the ceramic powder is 20~50μm, and the median diameter of the aluminum powder is 30~60μm. The sphericity of the ceramic powder is 0.6~1.0; The aluminum powder is spherical aluminum powder atomized with nitrogen gas.

[0010] Optionally, in step S2, the sintering temperature used in the sintering treatment is 590~650℃, the holding time is 2~6h, and after holding, the forming mold is cooled down to below 200℃ in the furnace and then taken out and cooled to room temperature. The sintering process also includes a heating rate of 1~5℃ / min after the forming mold is placed in the furnace.

[0011] Optionally, in step S3, the forging process includes heating the surface of the sintered billet to 480~550°C, heating the forging cavity mold to 420~500°C, placing the heated sintered billet into the heated cavity mold for pressure forging to obtain a preformed billet, the pressure applied being 100~300MPa, and the size of the preformed billet being 1.05~1.2 times the size of the finished product.

[0012] Optionally, in step S4, the heat preservation treatment uses a heat preservation temperature of 520~560℃ and a heat preservation time of 1~3h; after the heat preservation treatment, the quenching treatment is performed, and the quenching medium used in the quenching treatment is water or oil, and the quenching temperature is 520~560℃ and the quenching time is 5~30min. The aging treatment includes an aging temperature of 160~180℃ and a holding time of 6~24h.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece, which is prepared by the method described above.

[0014] Optionally, the aspect ratio of the ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece is 8 to 20.

[0015] The application of the technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention provides a method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces, which can produce ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces with a large aspect ratio, and avoids the problems of cracking of the formed blank before it is removed from the female mold and delamination and fragmentation during demolding. The specific principle is as follows: In step S1 of this invention, the upper mold and the female mold are slidably positioned relative to the lower mold under gravity to provide forming pressure for the aluminum-based composite powder. This forming pressure is provided by the gravity of the upper mold, or by the combined gravity of the upper mold and the female mold. It is not the forming pressure directly applied to the upper and lower molds during the powder forming process in existing powder metallurgy methods. Therefore, it avoids the problems of cracks forming the preform before it is removed from the female mold, and delamination and fragmentation during demolding. This forming pressure works synergistically with the sintering process in step S2 to promote the densification of the aluminum-based composite powder. During sintering, the aluminum-based composite powder uses appropriate amounts of copper and magnesium powder, which facilitates the formation of lower melting point Al2Cu, Al2CuMg, and other multi-element eutectics with the aluminum powder. This ensures the generation of more molten liquid phase during sintering, which wets and encapsulates the solid particles and, under the action of liquid phase surface tension, fully fills the pores between the ceramic and aluminum solid support framework, improving sintering density. Furthermore, the aluminum-based composite powder, due to the use of appropriate amounts of copper and magnesium powders, allows for the heat preservation treatment employed in step S4 of the solution treatment. This heat preservation treatment maximizes the dissolution of copper and magnesium strengthening elements in the alloy into the aluminum matrix, forming a uniform solid solution. Subsequently, the quenching treatment employed in step S4 prevents the dissolved strengthening elements from precipitating out, resulting in a supersaturated solid solution at room temperature. The aging treatment employed in step S4 causes copper and magnesium solute atoms to precipitate from the supersaturated solid solution, forming a large number of extremely fine, dispersed strengthening phase particles. These tiny particles effectively hinder dislocation movement in the internal lattice of the material, not only improving the strength and hardness of ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces but also significantly strengthening the interfacial bonding between ceramic and aluminum, reducing microscopic thermal residual stress at the ceramic-aluminum interface, reducing crack initiation sites, and improving workpiece fatigue life. The preform obtained through the die forging treatment in step S3 further improves density and strength, preparing for step S4.

[0016] (2) In this invention, graphite paper is laid between the female mold and the upper mold, between the female mold and the lower mold, and between the inner wall of the female mold and the aluminum foil sheath. On the one hand, it enhances the lubrication between the female mold and the upper and lower molds, and ensures that the upper mold and the female mold are slidably set relative to the lower mold under the action of gravity, so as to provide forming pressure for the aluminum-based composite powder. On the other hand, it facilitates the female mold to work with the aluminum foil sheath to prevent the aluminum-based composite powder from contacting and reacting.

[0017] (3) The particle size and morphology of the main materials ceramic powder and aluminum powder used in this invention make the aluminum-based composite powder have excellent flowability during the process of being compacted and filled into the cavity, thereby improving the powder filling density.

[0018] (4) The forming pressure used in this invention is not less than 0.01 MPa, which can not only work synergistically with the sintering treatment in step S2 to promote the densification of the aluminum-based composite powder metallurgy, but also avoid the problems of cracks in the formed blank when it is not removed from the female mold and delamination and breakage during demolding.

[0019] (5) The sintering temperature and holding time used in the sintering process of the present invention are used to ensure that a sufficient amount of molten liquid phase is generated during the sintering process, thereby fully filling the pores between the support skeleton composed of ceramic and aluminum solid phase, and improving the sintering density; the heating rate used in the sintering process is used to ensure that the sintered green body is heated uniformly and the molten liquid phase is generated uniformly, thereby improving the sintering quality; after holding, the forming mold is cooled to below 200°C with the furnace and then taken out and cooled to room temperature, which is conducive to reducing the oxidation rate of the sintered green body and preventing the performance of the sintered green body from deteriorating after oxidation.

[0020] (6) The ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces with an aspect ratio of 8 to 20 prepared by the present invention not only avoid the problems of cracks in the formed blank when it is not removed from the female mold and delamination and breakage during demolding, but also have significantly improved density and tensile strength in terms of mechanical properties.

[0021] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the molding die assembled in Example 1 after aluminum-based composite powder is loaded.

[0024] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of the V1 region.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the molding die assembled in Example 2 after aluminum-based composite powder is loaded.

[0026] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A magnified view of the V2 region.

[0027] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1. Female mold, 2. Lower mold, 3. Upper mold, 4. Aluminum-based composite powder, 5. Aluminum foil, 6. Graphite paper, 7. Connecting pin. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: A method for preparing a ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece includes: Step S1: Assemble the forming mold and fill it with aluminum-based composite powder; for details, see [link to details]. Figures 1-2 In the cavity formed by the lower mold and the female mold, aluminum foil is laid along the inner wall of the cavity to form an aluminum foil sleeve; the mixed aluminum-based composite powder is loaded into the aluminum foil sleeve while the cavity is being tapped until the aluminum-based composite powder is compacted and fills the cavity; after the aluminum-based composite powder is smoothed along the top of the cavity, the aluminum foil sleeve completely covers the aluminum-based composite powder; the upper mold is detachably installed (specifically placed) on the female mold to cover the cavity to form the forming mold, and the upper mold and the female mold are slidably arranged relative to the lower mold under the action of gravity to provide forming pressure for the aluminum-based composite powder; The aluminum-based composite powder is composed of the following raw material components by mass percentage: 4% copper powder, 3% magnesium powder, 35% ceramic powder (specifically SiC powder), and 58% aluminum powder; Step S2: The forming mold containing the aluminum-based composite powder is sintered in an inert atmosphere (specifically, a nitrogen atmosphere) to obtain a sintered green body; after the forming mold cools to room temperature, the forming mold is disassembled and the sintered green body is taken out. Step S3: After the sintered billet is forged, a preform is obtained; Step S4: After machining the preform to the finished size, the preform is subjected to solution treatment and aging treatment in sequence to obtain ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece (specifically, fan blade); wherein, the solution treatment includes heat preservation treatment and quenching treatment in sequence.

[0030] In step S1, graphite paper is also laid between the female mold and the upper mold, between the female mold and the lower mold, and between the inner wall of the female mold and the aluminum foil sheath. The graphite paper has a thickness of 0.2 mm.

[0031] In step S1, the aluminum foil used for the aluminum foil sheath has a thickness of 0.1 mm.

[0032] In step S1, the forming pressure is not less than 0.01 MPa, specifically about 0.02 MPa. This forming pressure is provided by the gravity of the upper mold. The upper mold has dimensions of 1000 mm in length × 100 mm in width × 260 mm in thickness, and is made of steel with a density of approximately 7.80 g / cm³. 3 .

[0033] In the aluminum-based composite powder, the median diameter of the copper powder and the magnesium powder is 50 μm, the median diameter of the ceramic powder is 30 μm, and the median diameter of the aluminum powder is 40 μm. The sphericity of the ceramic powder is 0.8; The aluminum powder is spherical aluminum powder atomized with nitrogen gas.

[0034] In step S2, the sintering process uses a sintering temperature of 640°C and a holding time of 5 hours. After holding, the forming mold is cooled down to below 200°C in the furnace and then taken out and cooled to room temperature. The sintering process also includes a heating rate of 2°C / min after the forming mold is placed in the furnace.

[0035] In step S3, the forging process includes heating the surface of the sintered billet to 520°C, heating the forging cavity mold to 480°C, placing the heated sintered billet into the heated cavity mold for pressure forging to obtain a preformed billet, the pressure applied is 200MPa, and the size of the preformed billet is 1.08 times the size of the finished product.

[0036] In step S4, the heat preservation treatment uses a heat preservation temperature of 520℃ and a heat preservation time of 1 hour; after the heat preservation treatment, the quenching treatment is performed, the quenching medium used is oil, the quenching temperature is 520℃, and the quenching time is 10 minutes. The aging process includes an aging temperature of 180℃ and a holding time of 12 hours.

[0037] Example 2: Unlike Example 1, see [link to example]. Figures 3-4 The upper mold is detachably mounted on the female mold via a connecting pin. The forming pressure is approximately 0.03 MPa, which is provided by the combined gravity of the upper mold and the female mold.

[0038] Example 3: Unlike Example 1, the aluminum-based composite powder contains 6% copper powder, 2% magnesium powder, and 57% aluminum powder.

[0039] Example 4: Unlike Example 1, the aluminum-based composite powder contains 3% copper powder and 4% magnesium powder.

[0040] Comparative Example 1: Unlike Example 1, the amount of copper powder in the aluminum-based composite powder is zero, while the amount of aluminum powder is 62%.

[0041] Comparative Example 2: Unlike Example 1, the amount of magnesium powder in the aluminum-based composite powder is zero, while the amount of aluminum powder is 61%.

[0042] Comparative Example 3: Unlike Example 1, in the sintering process of step S2, the forming pressure is approximately 0.001 MPa.

[0043] The ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to pinhole test, density test, elastic modulus test and tensile strength test, respectively. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0044] The pinhole test method is described in "JB / T 7946.3-2017 Metallography of Cast Aluminum Alloys Part 3: Pinholes in Cast Aluminum Alloys".

[0045] The density test method is described in GB / T 5163-2006 "Determination of Density, Oil Content and Open Porosity of Sintered Metallic Materials (excluding cemented carbide) - Permeable Sintered Metallic Materials". After measuring the actual density according to this test method, calculate the density using the following formula: Density = (True density / Theoretical density) × 100%; The steps for obtaining the theoretical density are as follows: Assuming that there are no pores or defects inside the ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix workpiece, the maximum density it can achieve is the theoretical density. The calculation formula is as follows: ; in: Each represents the mass percentage of each raw material component (such as copper powder, magnesium powder, ceramic powder, and aluminum powder) in the ceramic-reinforced aluminum matrix workpiece (expressed as a percentage, and the sum of the mass percentages of all raw material components should be 100%).

[0046] These represent the theoretical densities of the corresponding raw material components in ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces.

[0047] The Brinell hardness test method is described in GB / T 231.1-2018 Metallic Materials - Brinell Hardness Test - Part 1: Test Method.

[0048] The tensile strength test method is described in GB / T 228.1-2010 Metallic Materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1: Test Method at Room Temperature.

[0049] Table 1 Test Results

[0050] From the data in Table 1, we know that: Compared to Comparative Examples 1-3, the ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces prepared using Examples 1-4 of this invention all exhibit better pinhole density, as well as higher Brinell hardness and tensile strength. The reasons are analyzed as follows: In all four embodiments of this invention, in step S1, the upper mold and the female mold are slidably arranged relative to the lower mold under the action of gravity to provide forming pressure for the aluminum-based composite powder. This forming pressure is provided by the gravity of the upper mold (as in embodiments 1 and 3-4), or by the combined gravity of the upper mold and the female mold (as in embodiment 2). This forming pressure works synergistically with the sintering treatment in step S2 to promote the metallurgical densification of the aluminum-based composite powder. Furthermore, in Examples 1-4 of this invention, the aluminum-based composite powder uses appropriate amounts of copper and magnesium powder. During sintering, these appropriate amounts of copper and magnesium powder facilitate the formation of lower melting point Al2Cu, Al2CuMg, and other multi-element eutectics with the aluminum powder, ensuring the generation of more molten liquid phase during sintering. This molten liquid phase then wets and encapsulates the solid particles, and under the action of liquid phase surface tension, fully fills the pores between the ceramic and aluminum solid support framework, increasing the sintering density. Additionally, because the aluminum-based composite powder uses appropriate amounts of copper and magnesium powder, it can solidify in step S4... In the heat preservation treatment of the solution treatment, the copper and magnesium strengthening elements are dissolved into the aluminum matrix to the maximum extent to form a uniform solid solution. Subsequently, the quenching treatment of the solution treatment in step S4 prevents the dissolved strengthening elements from precipitating out, resulting in a supersaturated solid solution at room temperature. Furthermore, the aging treatment used in step S4 is to precipitate copper and magnesium solute atoms from the supersaturated solid solution, forming a large number of extremely fine and dispersed strengthening phase particles. These tiny particles can effectively hinder the movement of dislocations in the internal lattice of the material, thereby significantly improving the tensile strength and Brinell hardness of the workpiece.

[0051] In Comparative Examples 1 and 2, using only magnesium powder and only copper powder makes it difficult to form lower-melting-point Al2Cu, Al2CuMg, and other multi-element eutectics with aluminum powder. This makes it difficult to generate more molten liquid phase during sintering, thus hindering the filling of the pores between the ceramic and aluminum solid support framework and increasing the sintering density. In other words, using only magnesium powder and only copper powder in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 leads to increased porosity in the sintered green body, resulting in a decrease in the pinhole grade, density, Brinell hardness, and tensile strength of the ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece.

[0052] In Comparative Example 3, the use of excessively low forming pressure limited the densification process of the sintered green body during the sintering process, resulting in increased porosity in the sintered green body. Consequently, this led to a decrease in the pinhole grade, density, Brinell hardness, and tensile strength of the ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made under the inventive concept of the present invention using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Assemble the forming mold and load aluminum-based composite powder; specifically, aluminum foil is laid along the inner wall of the cavity formed by the female mold and the lower mold to form an aluminum foil sleeve; the mixed aluminum-based composite powder is loaded into the aluminum foil sleeve while tapping the cavity until the aluminum-based composite powder is compacted and fills the cavity; after smoothing the aluminum-based composite powder along the top of the cavity, the aluminum foil sleeve completely covers the aluminum-based composite powder; the upper mold is detachably installed on the female mold to cover the cavity to form the forming mold, and the upper mold and the female mold are slidably set relative to the lower mold under the action of gravity to provide forming pressure for the aluminum-based composite powder; The aluminum-based composite powder consists of the following raw material components by mass percentage: 3%~6% copper powder, 2%~4% magnesium powder, 10%~40% ceramic powder, and the balance aluminum powder. Step S2: The forming mold containing the aluminum-based composite powder is sintered under an inert atmosphere to obtain a sintered blank; after the forming mold cools to room temperature, the forming mold is disassembled and the sintered blank is taken out. Step S3: After the sintered billet is forged, a preform is obtained; Step S4: After machining the preform to the finished size, the preform is subjected to solution treatment and aging treatment in sequence to obtain ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece; wherein, the solution treatment includes heat preservation treatment and quenching treatment in sequence.

2. The method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, graphite paper is also laid between the female mold and the upper mold, between the female mold and the lower mold, and between the inner wall of the female mold and the aluminum foil sheath. The thickness of the graphite paper is 0.05~0.5mm.

3. The method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the aluminum foil used for the aluminum foil sheath has a thickness of 0.01~0.2mm.

4. The method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the forming pressure is not less than 0.01 MPa.

5. The method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the aluminum-based composite powder, the median diameter of the copper powder and the magnesium powder is 30~80μm, the median diameter of the ceramic powder is 20~50μm, and the median diameter of the aluminum powder is 30~60μm. The sphericity of the ceramic powder is 0.6~1.0; The aluminum powder is spherical aluminum powder atomized with nitrogen gas.

6. The method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the sintering temperature is 590~650℃ and the holding time is 2~6h. After holding, the forming mold is cooled down to below 200℃ in the furnace and then taken out and cooled to room temperature. The sintering process also includes a heating rate of 1~5℃ / min after the forming mold is placed in the furnace.

7. The method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the forging process includes heating the surface of the sintered billet to 480~550°C, heating the forging cavity mold to 420~500°C, and placing the heated sintered billet into the heated cavity mold for pressure forging to obtain a preformed billet. The pressure applied is 100~300MPa, and the size of the preformed billet is 1.05~1.2 times the size of the finished product.

8. The method for preparing ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpieces as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the heat preservation treatment uses a heat preservation temperature of 520~560℃ and a heat preservation time of 1~3h; after the heat preservation treatment, the quenching treatment is performed, the quenching medium used in the quenching treatment is water or oil, the quenching temperature is 520~560℃, and the quenching time is 5~30min. The aging treatment includes an aging temperature of 160~180℃ and a holding time of 6~24h.

9. A ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece, characterized in that, The ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece is prepared by any one of the methods described in claims 1 to 8.

10. The ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The aspect ratio of the ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based workpiece is 8 to 20.

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