Frost heaving damage identification monitoring management system and method for foundation beam in severe cold area

Abstract

The invention discloses a frost heaving damage identification monitoring management system and method for a foundation beam in a severe cold area, and relates to the technical field of foundation beam construction. A protective layer cushion block is arranged between every two adjacent deformable bottom dies; the deformation detection module is arranged on the deformable bottom die and the protective layer cushion block and is suitable for acquiring deformation characteristics of the backfill soil; the dot-matrix heating module is used for heating a soil body in a specific area, and the heating component comprises a heater and a temperature sensor arranged on the heater; the central data processing platform is in communication connection with the deformation detection module, the ventilation structure and the dot-matrix heating module, is in communication connection with a client and is configured to obtain deformation characteristics of the backfill soil and control the dot-matrix heating module to perform temperature control on the backfill soil area; according to the frost heaving risk early warning system and the frost heaving risk early warning method, real-time monitoring, early warning and active elimination of the frost heaving risk are achieved through the integrated deformable bottom die system and the active heating control system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of foundation beam construction technology, specifically to a management system and method for identifying, monitoring and managing frost heave damage to foundation beams in extremely cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] In frigid regions, seasonally frozen soil and permafrost are widespread. Foundation beams, as a crucial component of building structures, directly bear the load from the superstructure and transfer it to the ground. However, due to the freezing and thawing of moisture in the soil, the soil volume expands and contracts. Especially when uneven frost heave occurs beneath the foundation beam, it generates a tremendous upward force on the beam. If this force exceeds the structural bearing capacity or self-weight of the foundation beam, it can lead to cracks, deformation, or even failure, severely impacting the safety and durability of the building.

[0003] Traditional frost heave prevention measures for foundation beams mainly include replacing with non-frost heave soil, such as sand and gravel cushion layers, increasing foundation depth, or installing insulation layers. However, simple insulation layers are a passive defense, unable to monitor frost heave status in real time, and have limited effectiveness under extreme low temperatures. Currently, active heating methods are used to suppress frost heave. For example, Chinese invention patent CN120401292B describes a system and method for preventing and controlling frost heave in railway subgrade adapted to severe cold climates. It uses a ground source heat pump device to heat the railway subgrade to prevent frost heave. However, it does not consider the issue of water vapor in the soil under closed conditions during the heating process, resulting in defects in its active heating process. Currently, there is a lack of a comprehensive system that can combine construction formwork technology, real-time deformation monitoring, and active heating control, making it difficult to effectively identify, warn, and proactively intervene in the early stages of frost heave. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a frost heave damage identification, monitoring and management system and method for foundation beams in frigid regions. Through an integrated deformable bottom mold system and an active heating control system, it enables real-time monitoring, early warning and active elimination of frost heave risks.

[0005] A frost heave damage identification, monitoring, and management system for foundation beams in frigid regions includes:

[0006] At least two deformable bottom molds are provided, wherein the deformable bottom molds are set between the foundation beam and the backfill soil, and the deformable bottom molds are provided with ventilation structures;

[0007] A protective layer pad is provided between two adjacent deformable bottom molds, and a wooden block is provided between the protective layer pad and the bottom of the foundation beam;

[0008] The deformation detection module is installed on the deformable bottom mold and protective layer pad block, and is suitable for obtaining the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil;

[0009] A dot matrix heating module includes at least one heating component deployed inside the backfill soil for heating the soil in a specific area. The heating component includes a heater and a temperature sensor disposed on the heater.

[0010] The central data processing platform is connected to the deformation detection module, the ventilation structure, and the dot matrix heating module, as well as to a client. The central data processing platform is configured to: acquire the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil, control the dot matrix heating module to control the temperature of the backfill soil area, and send early warning information to the client.

[0011] Furthermore, the protective layer pad includes a rigid pad and a flexible pad located at the bottom of the rigid pad, wherein the flexible pad extends into the interior of the backfill soil, and a deformation detection module is arranged inside the flexible pad.

[0012] Furthermore, the deformable bottom mold includes a deformable frame, which is set below the steel reinforcement skeleton of the foundation beam as the bottom membrane of the foundation beam. The bottom of the deformable frame has a concave cavity, in which at least two bottom mold pads are evenly arranged. A rigid breathable support plate b is provided between the bottom mold pads and between the bottom mold pads and the side wall of the cavity. A rigid breathable support plate a is provided between the bottom mold pads, the rigid breathable support plate b and the top wall of the cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom mold pad block and the deformable frame are isolated by rigid breathable support plate a and rigid breathable support plate b, forming an airflow channel within the deformable frame. The ventilation structure is connected to the deformable frame and includes an air inlet on one side of the deformable frame and an exhaust port on the opposite side, with an exhaust fan installed at the exhaust port.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom mold pad consists of a rigid body and a flexible body located at its bottom. A deformation detection module is provided inside the flexible body. The rigid body is connected to the rigid breathable support plate a and the rigid breathable support plate b, respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, the central data processing platform controls the operation of the heater and the exhaust fan based on the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil detected by the deformation detection module.

[0016] A method for identifying, monitoring, and managing frost heave damage to foundation beams in frigid regions, comprising the following steps:

[0017] Determine the spatial location of the dot matrix heating module;

[0018] Based on this spatial location, fixed-point array heating modules are installed using fixed rods during the construction of short columns;

[0019] Backfill to the elevation, and the heating components are pre-embedded inside the backfill soil during the backfilling process;

[0020] A protective layer of blocks was placed on top of the backfill soil for isolation;

[0021] After placing the timber squares on top of the protective layer pads, tie the foundation beam reinforcement above them;

[0022] After the binding is completed, a deformable bottom formwork and other formwork required for pouring are erected under the foundation beam reinforcement. Pouring is carried out after the formwork is erected.

[0023] Once the demolding conditions are met, retain the deformable bottom mold and remove the other templates.

[0024] During the soil deformation process caused by temperature changes, the deformation detection module acquires the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil;

[0025] The central data processing platform monitors the deformation process of the soil based on the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil;

[0026] When the deformation trend is identified as affecting the foundation beam, the deformation process is suppressed by heating the soil deformation area control matrix heating module.

[0027] Furthermore, the spatial position of the dot matrix heating module is determined according to the following steps:

[0028] Obtain the geometry of the foundation beam; and the heating coverage area of ​​the heater;

[0029] The heating modules are arranged in a grid pattern at the bottom of the foundation beam, which is based on the heating coverage area of ​​the heater;

[0030] Simulation was used to simulate heat distribution and check the heat distribution effect of the heater to ensure that the soil area under the foundation beam could be heated evenly.

[0031] Based on the simulation results, the position of the dot matrix heating module was further optimized.

[0032] Furthermore, the type of heater is an electric heater.

[0033] Furthermore, the heaters in the dot matrix heating module can be started simultaneously or separately.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0035] 1. Unlike traditional passive insulation, this solution can actively activate underground heating when frost heave deformation is detected, thereby eliminating the source of frost heave and actively suppressing frost heave.

[0036] 2. The deformable bottom formwork can be used directly as the construction template without removal, which simplifies the construction process and also serves as a buffer layer.

[0037] 3. By determining the position of the dot matrix heating modules through dot matrix layout and simulation, precise heating by region and time period is achieved, saving energy.

[0038] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frost heave damage identification, monitoring and management system for foundation beams in frigid regions disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of step S1 disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of steps S2 to S5 disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of step S6 disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a method for identifying, monitoring, and managing frost heave damage to foundation beams in frigid regions, as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure label:

[0048] 1. Short column; 2. Backfill soil; 3. Foundation beam; 4. Protective layer pad; 41. Rigid pad; 42. Flexible pad; 5. Timber; 6. Deformable bottom formwork; 61. Deformable frame; 62. Bottom formwork pad; 621. Rigid body; 622. Flexible body; 63. Rigid breathable support plate a; 64. Rigid breathable support plate b; 7. Dot matrix heating module; 71. Heating component; 711. Heater; 712. Temperature sensor; 72. Fixing rod; 8. Deformation detection module; 9. Central data processing platform; 91. Data acquisition module; 92. Data analysis and prediction module; 93. Control and execution module; 94. User interface and operation module; 10. Exhaust fan; 11. Client. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, this system mainly consists of a deformable bottom mold 6, a protective layer pad block 4, a deformation detection module 8, and a dot matrix heating module 7 embedded in the soil below the foundation beam 3.

[0051] The monitoring system mainly consists of a deformation detection module 8, which can be made of strain gauges or optical fiber gratings and is distributed on the deformable bottom mold 6 and the protective layer pad 4. During the freezing and thawing of water in the backfill soil 2, the volume of the soil will expand and contract. The system acquires the deformation characteristic data of the backfill soil 2. The strain gauges or optical fiber gratings are existing technologies and their working principles will not be described in detail here.

[0052] The process for identifying, warning, and managing frost heave damage in foundation beam 3 includes:

[0053] A model that reflects the true condition of the soil is constructed based on the parameters of foundation beam 3 and the soil.

[0054] The deformation detection module 8 collects the morphological data of the backfill soil 2 in real time during the deformation process of the backfill soil 2;

[0055] By analyzing its deformation trend, when predicting the impact of its deformation trend on the foundation beam 3, an early warning message is sent to the client 11 to provide a risk warning.

[0056] At the same time, the deformation process is monitored to determine whether to activate the dot matrix heating module 7 for active intervention.

[0057] Among them, the deformable bottom mold 6 is a key point in this scheme, which serves as an initial buffer during the expansion of the backfill soil 2.

[0058] In response, based on the compression of the deformable bottom mold 6 as a buffer capacity, the deformable bottom mold 6 is first squeezed during the deformation process of the backfill soil 2. When it still has a tendency to deform after reaching its maximum compression, i.e., maximum buffer capacity, the dot matrix heating module 7 is activated to actively intervene and prevent further deformation from squeezing the foundation beam 3 and causing damage.

[0059] Understandably, the maximum compression of the aforementioned deformable bottom mold 6 is a set upper limit value, which is used to provide a certain redundancy to avoid damage to the structure of the deformable bottom mold 6 and the foundation beam 3 during the deformation process of the backfill soil 2 in the actual process.

[0060] like Figures 4-5 As shown, the deformable bottom mold 6 includes a deformable frame 61, which is set below the steel reinforcement skeleton of the foundation beam 3 as the bottom mold of the foundation beam 3. The bottom of the deformable frame 61 has a concave cavity, and at least two bottom mold pads 62 are evenly arranged inside the cavity. A rigid breathable support plate b64 is provided between the bottom mold pads 62 and between the bottom mold pads 62 and the side wall of the cavity. A rigid breathable support plate a63 is provided between the bottom mold pads 62 and the rigid breathable support plate b64 and the top wall of the cavity.

[0061] The bottom mold pad 62 is isolated from the deformable frame 61 by rigid breathable support plate a63 and rigid breathable support plate b64, forming an airflow channel within the deformable frame 61. The bottom mold pad 62 consists of a rigid body 621 and a flexible body 622 located at its bottom. A deformation detection module 8 is provided inside the flexible body 622. The rigid body 621 is connected to the rigid breathable support plate a63 and the rigid breathable support plate b64 respectively. The rigid body 621, the rigid breathable support plate a63, and the rigid breathable support plate b64 form a rigid skeleton to maintain the integrity of the airflow channel in the concave cavity at the bottom of the deformable frame. The surfaces of the rigid breathable support plate a63 and the rigid breathable support plate b64 have vents for the flow of gas and water vapor.

[0062] It should be noted that, due to the use of a dot matrix heating module 7 to actively heat and suppress the deformation of the backfill soil 2, in order to ensure its normal operation and prevent additional damage to the foundation beam 3, the ventilation structure is connected to the deformable frame 61, including an air inlet on one side of the deformable frame 61 and an exhaust outlet on the opposite side. An exhaust fan 10 is provided at the exhaust outlet. During operation, the exhaust fan 10 allows airflow to enter through the air inlet and exit through the exhaust outlet, thereby replacing the gas in the airflow channel.

[0063] The specific implementation process is as follows: The central data processing platform 9 controls the operation of the heater 711 and the exhaust fan 10 based on the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil 2 detected by the deformation detection module 8. During the heating of the backfill soil 2, the soil temperature rises. At this time, the water in the soil evaporates after being heated and enters the airflow channel. After the exhaust fan 10 is turned on, the external airflow is drawn in from the air inlet and discharged through the exhaust outlet to avoid the water vapor generated during the heating process from accumulating at the bottom of the foundation beam 3 and the bottom of the building and causing damage to them.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, the central data processing platform 9 is communicatively connected to the deformation detection module 8, the ventilation structure, and the dot matrix heating module 7, and is also communicatively connected to the client 11. The central data processing platform 9 is configured to: acquire the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil 2, control the dot matrix heating module 7 to control the temperature of the backfill soil 2 area; and send early warning information to the client 11.

[0065] The dot matrix heating module 7 includes at least one heating component 71, which is deployed inside the backfill soil 2 for heating the soil in a specific area. The heating component 71 includes a heater 711 and a temperature sensor 712 on the heater 711. The signal output terminal of the central data processing platform 9 is communicatively connected to the signal input terminals of the heater 711, the exhaust fan 10 and the client 11. The signal input terminal of the central data processing platform 9 is communicatively connected to the signal output terminals of the deformation detection module 8 and the temperature sensor 712.

[0066] Temperature sensor 712 is used to detect the temperature of heater 711 and the backfill soil 2 in the area of ​​heater 711. When heater 711 is not turned on, it is used to characterize the temperature of backfill soil 2 in the area of ​​heater 711 before it is heated. When heater 711 is turned on, it is used to characterize the temperature of backfill soil 2 in the area of ​​heater 711 after it is not heated, so as to realize the control of the temperature of the backfill soil 2 area.

[0067] The heater 711 in the dot matrix heating module 7 uses the existing electric heater 711, and the heater 711 in the dot matrix heating module 7 can be started simultaneously or separately. This is used to achieve precise heating of the frozen heave area, which can reduce energy consumption and effectively reduce the cost of active intervention.

[0068] like Figure 5 As shown, the protective layer pad 4 includes a rigid pad 41 and a flexible pad 42 located at the bottom of the rigid pad 41. The flexible pad 42 extends into the interior of the backfill soil 2. A deformation detection module 8 is arranged inside the flexible pad 42. The bottom mold pad 62 consists of a rigid body 621 and a flexible body 622 located at its bottom. A deformation detection module 8 is arranged inside the flexible body 622. The rigid body 621 is connected to the rigid breathable support plate a63 and the rigid breathable support plate b64 respectively.

[0069] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, this invention proposes a method for identifying, monitoring, and managing frost heave damage in foundation beams 3 in frigid regions, comprising the following steps:

[0070] S1, determine the spatial position of the dot matrix heating module 7, such as Figure 2 As shown.

[0071] The spatial position of the dot matrix heating module 7 is determined according to the following steps:

[0072] S11, obtain the geometry of the foundation beam 3; and the heating coverage of the heater 711;

[0073] S12, based on the heating coverage of heater 711, heating modules are arranged in a grid layout in the backfill soil 2 at the bottom of foundation beam 3;

[0074] Determine the grid spacing: Based on the effective heating coverage radius determined in step S11, set the initial grid spacing. In order to ensure the continuity and uniformity of heating, the spacing is usually set to a value slightly less than twice the effective heating coverage radius, so that the heating range of adjacent heaters 711 has a certain overlap.

[0075] Center positioning and layout: Using the geometric center of the bottom of foundation beam 3 as a reference point, a uniform point layout is carried out in the backfill soil 2 area below foundation beam 3 using an orthogonal grid or staggered grid method.

[0076] Generate initial layout diagram: Draw a preliminary spatial layout diagram of the dot matrix heating module 7, ensuring that all points are within the projection range of the foundation beam 3 and meet the minimum installation spacing requirements.

[0077] S13. Use simulation to simulate heat distribution and check the heat distribution effect of heater 711 to ensure that the soil area under the foundation beam 3 can be heated evenly.

[0078] In simulation software, such as finite element analysis software, a three-dimensional model of foundation beam 3, backfill soil layer 2 and heating module is established, and the material parameters obtained in step S11 are substituted into it.

[0079] The starting temperature of backfill soil 2 was determined based on the local historical lowest temperature and maximum freezing depth, and the change process of temperature field distribution inside the soil was simulated over a period of time after the heating module was started.

[0080] If insufficient temperature is found in local areas or low-temperature dead zones are present, the grid spacing should be reduced. If the soil temperature rises too quickly or some areas overlap excessively, the grid spacing should be increased appropriately.

[0081] S14. Based on the simulation results, further optimize the position of the dot matrix heating module 7.

[0082] The adjusted layout is re-input into the simulation model for a second transient thermal analysis until the following conditions are met: 1. The maximum temperature difference within the heating area is reduced to the lowest level allowed by the project; 2. The minimum number of heaters 711 or the lowest starting power is used to achieve the temperature standard in the key area. When the simulation results meet the design requirements, the precise three-dimensional spatial installation coordinates of each heating module, i.e., the spatial position of the matrix heating module 7, can be exported as the basis for installation on the construction site.

[0083] S2, based on this spatial location, during the construction of short column 1, seven fixed-point matrix heating modules are installed using fixing rods 72, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0084] The fixing rod 72 is fixedly connected to the short column 1 and is used as the mounting structure for the heating component 71 of the dot matrix heating module 7, thereby fixing the position of the dot matrix heating module 7 over time.

[0085] S3, backfill to the elevation. During the backfilling process, the heating component 71 is pre-embedded inside the backfill soil 2. Figure 3 As shown.

[0086] S4, place protective layer blocks 4 on top of backfill soil 2 for isolation, such as Figure 3 As shown.

[0087] S5, after placing the wooden beam 5 above the protective layer pad 4, tie the foundation beam 3 reinforcement above it, as follows. Figure 3 As shown.

[0088] S6, after the binding is completed, erect the deformable bottom formwork 6 and other formwork required for pouring below the foundation beam 3 reinforcement. After the formwork is erected, pouring can proceed. Figure 4 As shown.

[0089] S7, after the demolding conditions are met, retain the deformable bottom mold 6 and remove the other templates.

[0090] S8, during the soil deformation process caused by temperature changes, the deformation detection module 8 acquires the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil 2.

[0091] After the temperature drops, the moisture in the backfill soil 2 undergoes freeze-swelling at low temperatures. At this time, the volume of the backfill soil 2 changes and begins to deform. During this process, the deformation detection modules 8 set on the flexible pad 42 of the protective layer pad 4, the deformation detection modules 8 set on the deformable frame 61, and the deformation detection modules 8 set on the flexible body 622 of the bottom mold pad 62 are squeezed and deformed. The signals detected by the deformation detection modules 8 are acquired by the central data processing platform 9.

[0092] S9, the central data processing platform 9 monitors the deformation process of the soil based on the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil 2.

[0093] S10, when the deformation trend is identified as affecting the foundation beam 3, the soil deformation area control matrix heating module 7 is used to heat and suppress the deformation process.

[0094] The central data processing platform 9 is equipped with a data acquisition module 91, a data analysis and prediction module 92, a control and execution module 93, and a user interface and operation module 94.

[0095] The data acquisition module 91 is used to acquire data from the temperature sensor 712 and the deformation detection module 8, and perform preliminary digitization, filtering and calibration. Finally, the cleaned raw data packet with precise timestamps is transmitted to the data analysis and prediction module 92.

[0096] Data analysis and prediction module 92 is configured as follows:

[0097] Status assessment: Calculate the remaining buffer capacity of the deformable bottom mold 6 in real time and identify whether it has reached the maximum buffer capacity.

[0098] Trend prediction: Based on the current deformation rate of backfill soil 2, predict the risk of frost heave deformation to foundation beam 3 in the future.

[0099] Risk classification: Based on the prediction results, the risk level is output, and when the deformable bottom mold 6 is identified as reaching its maximum buffer capacity, intervention command parameters (including target temperature, required heating area coordinates, and power requirements) are generated and transmitted to the control and execution module 93.

[0100] Control and execution module 93: continuously adjusts the power output of the dot matrix heating module 7, or controls the start and stop of the exhaust fan 10, to ensure that the intervention results accurately achieve the target set by the data analysis and prediction module 92.

[0101] During the above control process, the control and execution module 93 controls the heater 711 of the heating component 71 to heat the soil of the backfill soil 2. The temperature sensor 712 detects the temperature. After the temperature sensor 712 detects that the temperature has reached the set temperature, the control and execution module 93 maintains the current power of the heater 711 to keep its temperature within the set range. On the other hand, since the temperature sensor 712 and the heater 711 are integrated together, during the heating process, based on the temperature gradient, the temperature of the heater 711 will be higher than the target temperature of the backfill soil 2.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, the data analysis and prediction module 92 identifies that a certain area of ​​the backfill soil 2 under the foundation beam 3 has undergone frost heave deformation. The temperature distribution gradient is obtained through the temperature sensor 712, and the heaters 711 at the corresponding positions are controlled to heat the area with different powers based on the temperature distribution gradient. This can achieve precise heating and reduce energy consumption. At the same time, after heating is completed, the power is controlled to maintain the temperature of the heated area.

[0103] User interface and operation module 94: Client 11 can interact with the system through the user interface and operation module 94. When the data analysis and prediction module 92 identifies the risk of frost heave to the foundation beam 3, client 11 can obtain early warning information through the user interface and operation module 94.

[0104] This invention differs from traditional passive insulation. This solution actively activates underground heating upon detecting frost heave deformation, eliminating the source of frost heave and thus actively suppressing it. The deformable bottom formwork serves directly as the construction template, eliminating the need for removal and simplifying the construction process, while also acting as a buffer layer. By determining the location of the dot-matrix heating modules through a dot-matrix layout and simulation, precise heating by region and time period is achieved, saving energy.

[0105] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process may be rearranged without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The appended method claims provide elements of various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit the scope to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0106] In the detailed description above, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is presented with fewer features than all of the features in a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim representing a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0107] Those skilled in the art will also understand that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described above are generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functionality in alternative ways for each specific application; however, such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0108] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be directly embodied in hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software modules can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is connected to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0109] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. This software code can be stored in memory units and executed by a processor. The memory units can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor; in the latter case, they are communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, as is well known in the art.

[0110] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the various embodiments can be further combined and arranged. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," as interpreted when used as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. A frost heave damage identification, monitoring, and management system for foundation beams in frigid regions, characterized in that, include: At least two deformable bottom molds are provided, wherein the deformable bottom molds are set between the foundation beam and the backfill soil, and the deformable bottom molds are provided with ventilation structures; A protective layer pad is provided between two adjacent deformable bottom molds, and a wooden block is provided between the protective layer pad and the bottom of the foundation beam; The deformation detection module is installed on the deformable bottom mold and protective layer pad block, and is suitable for obtaining the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil; A dot matrix heating module includes at least one heating component deployed inside the backfill soil for heating the soil in a specific area. The heating component includes a heater and a temperature sensor disposed on the heater. The central data processing platform is connected to the deformation detection module, the ventilation structure, and the dot matrix heating module, as well as to a client. The central data processing platform is configured to: acquire the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil, control the dot matrix heating module to control the temperature of the backfill soil area, and send early warning information to the client.

2. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protective layer pad includes a rigid pad and a flexible pad located at the bottom of the rigid pad. The flexible pad extends into the interior of the backfill soil, and a deformation detection module is installed inside the flexible pad.

3. The system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The deformable bottom formwork includes a deformable frame, which is set below the steel reinforcement skeleton of the foundation beam as the bottom formwork of the foundation beam. The bottom of the deformable frame has a concave cavity, in which at least two bottom formwork pads are evenly arranged. A rigid breathable support plate b is provided between the bottom formwork pads and between the bottom formwork pads and the side wall of the cavity. A rigid breathable support plate a is provided between the bottom formwork pads, the rigid breathable support plate b and the top wall of the cavity.

4. The system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom mold pad block is isolated from the deformable frame by rigid breathable support plate a and rigid breathable support plate b, forming an airflow channel within the deformable frame. The ventilation structure is connected to the deformable frame and includes an air inlet on one side of the deformable frame and an exhaust port on the opposite side, with an exhaust fan installed at the exhaust port.

5. The system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom mold pad consists of a rigid body and a flexible body located at its bottom. A deformation detection module is provided inside the flexible body. The rigid body is connected to the rigid breathable support plate a and the rigid breathable support plate b respectively.

6. The system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The central data processing platform controls the operation of the heater and exhaust fan based on the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil detected by the deformation detection module.

7. A method for identifying, monitoring, and managing frost heave damage in foundation beams in extremely cold regions, applied to claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Determine the spatial location of the dot matrix heating module; Based on this spatial location, fixed-point array heating modules are installed using fixed rods during the construction of short columns; Backfill to the elevation, and the heating components are pre-embedded inside the backfill soil during the backfilling process; A protective layer of blocks was placed on top of the backfill soil for isolation; After placing the timber squares on top of the protective layer pads, tie the foundation beam reinforcement above them; After the binding is completed, a deformable bottom formwork and other formwork required for pouring are erected under the foundation beam reinforcement. Pouring is carried out after the formwork is erected. Once the demolding conditions are met, retain the deformable bottom mold and remove the other templates. During the soil deformation process caused by temperature changes, the deformation detection module acquires the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil; The central data processing platform monitors the deformation process of the soil based on the deformation characteristics of the backfill soil; When the deformation trend is identified as affecting the foundation beam, the deformation process is suppressed by heating the soil deformation area control matrix heating module.

8. The method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The spatial location of the dot matrix heating module is determined according to the following steps: Obtain the geometry of the foundation beam; and the heating coverage area of ​​the heater; Based on the heating coverage of the heater, heating modules are arranged in a grid pattern in the backfill soil at the bottom of the foundation beam. Simulation was used to simulate heat distribution and check the heat distribution effect of the heater to ensure that the soil area under the foundation beam could be heated evenly. Based on the simulation results, the position of the dot matrix heating module was further optimized.

9. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The heater is an electric heater.

10. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The heaters in the dot matrix heating module can be started simultaneously or separately.

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