Drilling multilayer underground water hydrological parameter three-dimensional measurement device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional measurement device and method for hydrological parameters of multi-layer underground water of a drill hole. The device comprises an in-hole stabilizing assembly, an electric telescopic supporting assembly, a driving device, a speed control assembly, a hydrological data acquisition assembly, a guiding structure, a ground surface depth control traction assembly, a control storage assembly and an energy supply assembly. The electric telescopic supporting assembly is installed at one end of the in-hole stabilizing assembly and provides longitudinal movement driving force for the hydrological data collecting assembly. The guide structure is used for guiding the longitudinal movement of the hydrological data acquisition assembly; the driving device provides driving force for the hydrological data acquisition assembly to rotate around the longitudinal direction through the speed control assembly; the hydrological data acquisition assembly acquires real-time hydrological information through azimuth and flow sensors; through the linkage of the electric telescopic supporting assembly, the driving device, the speed control assembly and the hydrological data acquisition assembly, the three-dimensional acquisition of the hydrological data of the borehole underground water is realized. According to the invention, long-time stable observation of rock stratum underground water with different drilling depths can be realized, and an important decision basis can be provided for foundation pit excavation, slope stability evaluation and reservoir engineering seepage prevention and leakage stoppage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a three-dimensional measurement device and method for hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes, belonging to the field of engineering geological exploration. Background Technology

[0002] During foundation pit excavation, groundwater flow may cause water inrush at the bottom of the pit, sidewall leakage, or even collapse. During slope excavation, groundwater seepage pressure directly affects the anti-sliding stability of the soil and rock mass. In reservoir seepage prevention and cutoff wall design, if the groundwater recharge and discharge paths cannot be accurately determined, it is difficult to effectively design the seepage prevention system, leading to potential leakage risks. Therefore, obtaining reliable groundwater hydrological information is crucial to solving the above engineering problems.

[0003] Currently, methods such as hydraulic gradient analysis, single-well tracer analysis, and geophysical exploration combined with numerical simulation are commonly used to determine groundwater flow direction and flow rate. However, these methods suffer from limitations including insufficient spatial representativeness, significant susceptibility to heterogeneous rock formations, large workloads, and insufficient accuracy and reliability of data acquisition. This severely impacts the assessment and resolution of engineering geological problems by technical personnel, posing potential safety hazards to the project. In practical engineering, if it is difficult to accurately determine groundwater flow direction and flow rate, conservative designs are typically based on geological exploration experience. These designs may include increasing the depth of the anti-seepage curtain, strengthening the support structure, and deploying a dense network of monitoring wells. Alternatively, dynamic adjustments may be made during construction, optimizing drainage and reinforcement measures based on the revealed hydrogeological conditions. These methods are all "passive adaptation methods" and cannot fundamentally achieve accurate and efficient hydrological identification, often leading to increased construction costs and extended construction periods.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a three-dimensional measurement device and method for hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes. Through the linkage of a borehole stabilization component, an electric telescopic support component, a drive device, a speed control component, a hydrological data acquisition component, a surface depth control traction component, a guide structure, and a control storage component, long-term stable three-dimensional observation of groundwater in rock strata at different borehole depths can be achieved. This can provide important decision-making basis for foundation pit excavation, slope stability assessment, and seepage prevention and plugging of reservoir projects, while greatly improving construction efficiency and saving construction costs.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional measurement device for hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes is provided, comprising a borehole stabilization component 1, an electric telescopic support component 2, a drive device 3, a speed control component 4, a hydrological data acquisition component 5, a surface depth control traction component 7, a guide structure 49, and a control storage component 9.

[0008] The borehole stabilization component 1, electric telescopic support component 2, drive device 3, speed control component 4, and hydrological data acquisition component 5 are connected in sequence as a borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device. The borehole stabilization component 1 at one end of the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is used to cooperate with the borehole wall. The hydrological data acquisition component 5 at the other end of the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is pulled by the surface depth control traction component 7 placed outside the borehole to place the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device at a preset depth in the borehole.

[0009] The electric telescopic support assembly 2 is installed at one end of the in-hole stabilizing assembly 1, and the drive device tray 16 in the electric telescopic support assembly 2 is movably arranged along a first preset direction to provide the hydrological data acquisition assembly 5 with a driving force for movement in the first preset direction; the drive device 3 is installed on the side of the drive device tray 16 away from the in-hole stabilizing assembly 1, and the drive device 3 provides the hydrological data acquisition assembly 5 with a driving force for rotation around the first preset direction via the speed control assembly 4;

[0010] The electric telescopic support assembly 2, drive device 3, and speed control assembly 4 are externally equipped with a protective sleeve 47. One end of the protective sleeve 47 is connected to the stabilizing assembly 1 inside the hole, and the other end of the protective sleeve 47 is connected to the fixed wire track disk 26 in the hydrological data acquisition assembly 5 through a guide structure 49. The electric telescopic support assembly 2, drive device 3, speed control assembly 4, and hydrological data acquisition assembly 5 move in tandem with the movement of the drive device tray 16. The guide structure 49 is used to guide the hydrological data acquisition assembly 5 to move along a first preset direction.

[0011] The hydrological data acquisition component 5 moves and rotates along a first preset direction to achieve three-dimensional acquisition of hydrological data; the control and storage component 9 is used to acquire the hydrological data acquired by the hydrological data acquisition component 5.

[0012] Furthermore, the in-hole stabilizing component 1 includes a load-bearing column 10, on which grooves are designed at fixed intervals, and a one-way locking spring plate 11 is installed in the groove. The one-way locking spring plate 11 has a first state of opening the groove and a second state of closing the groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the electric telescopic support assembly 2 includes an electric push rod 14 and a drive device tray 16; the electric push rod 14 is fixed on the load-bearing column 10 of the hole stabilizing assembly 1, and the free end of the electric push rod 14 is connected to the drive device tray 16.

[0014] Further, the hydrological data acquisition component 5 includes a push rod 23, a driving gear 24, a driven gear 25, a fixed guide rail disk 26, a rotating guide rail disk 27, a guide pipe 28, an azimuth sensor 29, an electromagnetic flow sensor 30, and a sensor data cable 31; one end of the push rod 23 is connected to the drive shaft of the speed control component 4, and the driving gear 24 is fixedly installed at the other end of the push rod 23. The driven gear 25 meshes with the driving gear 24, and the rotating guide rail disk 27 is fixedly installed at the end of the driven gear 25 away from the push rod 23; the in-hole stabilization component 1. The cables of the electric telescopic support assembly 2 and the drive device 3 are connected to the conductive groove 32 of the fixed guide rail disk 26. The conductive protrusion 33 of the rotating guide rail disk 27 is engaged with the conductive groove 32 of the fixed guide rail disk 26 located on the outer periphery of the rotating guide rail disk 27. The conductive protrusion 33 is electrically connected to the control storage assembly 9. A guide pipe 28 is fixedly installed on the rotating guide rail disk 27. An orientation sensor 29 and an electromagnetic flow sensor 30 are provided on the guide pipe 28. The orientation sensor 29 and the electromagnetic flow sensor 30 are electrically connected to the control storage assembly 9 via the sensor data line 31.

[0015] Furthermore, the guide tube 28 includes a first guide tube body and a second guide tube body. The axial direction of the first guide tube body is perpendicular to the first preset direction, and the first guide tube body extends at least partially from the rotating guide rail disk 27. The second guide tube body is arranged vertically in the extension of the first guide tube body, and the axial direction of the second guide tube body is the same as the first preset direction.

[0016] Furthermore, the three-dimensional measurement device for hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes also includes an anti-winding carbon brush assembly 6. The conductive groove 33 is connected to the corresponding wire of the anti-winding carbon brush assembly 6. The azimuth sensor 29 and the electromagnetic flow sensor 30 are connected to the corresponding wire of the anti-winding carbon brush assembly 6 via the sensor data line 31. The anti-winding carbon brush assembly 6 integrates the wires into a power supply data cable 34 and electrically connects it to the control storage component 9.

[0017] Furthermore, the surface depth control traction component 7 includes a traction coil 35, a coil brake 36, a traction coil control cable 37, a traction rope 38, a depth counter 39, and a depth counter data line 40; wherein, one end of the traction rope 38 is connected to the three-dimensional hydrological data acquisition device inside the borehole, and the other end of the traction rope 38 is connected to the traction coil 35 through the depth counter 39, the traction coil 35 is controlled to start and stop by the coil brake 36, and the coil brake 36 is connected to the control storage component 9 through the traction coil control cable 37; the depth counter 39 is connected to the control storage component 9 through the depth counter data line 40.

[0018] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for three-dimensional measurement of hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes is provided, wherein the method employs the three-dimensional measurement device for hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes as described above, comprising:

[0019] Operate the surface depth control traction component 7 until the guide pipe 28 of the hydrological data acquisition component 5 in the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is lowered to the first preset layer; trigger the borehole stabilization component 1 to be in the first state;

[0020] Power is provided by the electric telescopic support component 2, which enables the hydrological data acquisition component 5 to move from the bottom of the borehole to the orifice within a preset stroke of the first preset layer according to a preset step length. At each target position, the hydrological data acquisition component 5 is driven to rotate around the first preset direction by the drive device 3, so that the guide pipe 28 can achieve hydrological data acquisition from different directions. When the hydrological data acquisition from different directions in the first preset layer is completed, hydrological data from different directions in the remaining preset layers is acquired.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes the principle that the flow rate changes when the guide pipe forms different angles with the fluid flow direction. By employing the linkage of an in-hole stabilization component, an electric telescopic support component, a drive device, a speed control component, a hydrological data acquisition component, a surface depth control traction component, a guide structure, and a control storage component, it can accurately and efficiently measure the flow rate and recharge / discharge direction of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes. This provides a strong basis for decision-making in engineering geological issues such as foundation pit excavation, slope stability assessment, and reservoir seepage prevention and plugging. Simultaneously, it can greatly improve construction efficiency and save construction costs. Furthermore, this invention uses solar panels to provide power, which can provide stable power for the measuring device to operate in the field for extended periods. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal stabilization component structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the one-way locking spring sheet structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric telescopic support assembly of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drive device structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the hydrological data acquisition component of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the conductor track disk structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide tube structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-tangle carbon brush assembly structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the surface depth control traction component structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the solar power supply component structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the control storage component structure of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrological data acquisition component in the working state of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the protective sleeve structure of the present invention.

[0037] The following components are labeled in the diagram: 1. In-hole stabilization component; 2. Electric telescopic support component; 3. Drive unit; 4. Speed ​​control component; 5. Hydrological data acquisition component; 6. Anti-winding carbon brush component; 7. Surface depth control traction component; 8. Solar power supply component; 9. Control and storage component; 10. Load-bearing column; 11. One-way locking spring; 12. Spring control cable; 13. Electric guide structure; 14. Electric push rod; 15. First power supply cable; 16. Drive unit tray; 17. Electric motor; 18. Output shaft; 19. Second power supply cable; 20. Transmission gear; 21. Gearbox; 22. Gearbox support column; 23. Push rod; 24. Drive gear; 2 5. Driven gear; 26. Fixed guide rail disc; 27. Rotating guide rail disc; 28. Flow guide pipe; 29. ​​Aspect sensor; 30. Electromagnetic flow sensor; 31. Sensor data cable; 32. Conductive groove; 33. Conductive protrusion; 34. Power supply data cable; 35. Traction coil; 36. Coil brake; 37. Traction coil control cable; 38. Traction rope; 39. Depth counter; 40. Depth counter data cable; 41. Solar panel; 42. Power controller; 43. Power transmission line; 44. Data cable interface; 45. Control host; 46. Control storage component protection compartment; 47. Protective sleeve; 48. Sleeve thread; 49. Guide structure. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0039] Example 1: As Figures 1-15 As shown, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a three-dimensional measurement device for hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes is provided, including a borehole stabilization component 1, an electric telescopic support component 2, a drive device 3, a speed control component 4, a hydrological data acquisition component 5, a surface depth control traction component 7, a guide structure 49, and a control storage component 9.

[0040] The borehole stabilization component 1, electric telescopic support component 2, drive device 3, speed control component 4, and hydrological data acquisition component 5 are connected in sequence as a borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device. The borehole stabilization component 1 at one end of the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is used to cooperate with the borehole wall. The hydrological data acquisition component 5 at the other end of the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is pulled by the surface depth control traction component 7 placed outside the borehole to place the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device at a preset depth in the borehole.

[0041] The electric telescopic support assembly 2 is installed at one end of the borehole stabilizing assembly 1, and the drive device tray 16 in the electric telescopic support assembly 2 is movably arranged along a first preset direction (when placed in the borehole, the first preset direction is the axial direction of the borehole, i.e., longitudinal direction), providing longitudinal movement driving force for the hydrological data acquisition assembly 5; the drive device 3 is installed on the side of the drive device tray 16 away from the borehole stabilizing assembly 1, and the drive device 3 provides the hydrological data acquisition assembly 5 with a driving force to rotate around the first preset direction via the speed control assembly 4;

[0042] The electric telescopic support assembly 2, drive device 3, and speed control assembly 4 are externally equipped with a protective sleeve 47. One end of the protective sleeve 47 is connected to the stabilizing assembly 1 inside the hole through a sleeve thread 48, and the other end of the protective sleeve 47 is connected to the fixed wire track disk 26 in the hydrological data acquisition assembly 5 through a guide structure 49. The electric telescopic support assembly 2, drive device 3, speed control assembly 4, and hydrological data acquisition assembly 5 move in tandem with the movement of the drive device tray 16. The guide structure 49 is used to guide the movement of the hydrological data acquisition assembly 5 along a first preset direction.

[0043] The hydrological data acquisition component 5 moves longitudinally and rotates to achieve three-dimensional acquisition of hydrological data; the control and storage component 9 is used to acquire the hydrological data acquired by the hydrological data acquisition component 5.

[0044] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the borehole stabilization component 1 and the surface depth control traction component 7 work together to fix the three-dimensional hydrological data acquisition device at a preset depth in the borehole, preventing the device from swaying left and right or sliding up and down in the borehole. The electric telescopic support component 2 can adjust the depth of the hydrological data acquisition component 5 in the borehole within a small range, enabling hydrological data measurement within a preset range at the corresponding groundwater level. The drive device 3 drives the rotation of the hydrological data acquisition component 5 to acquire hydrological data at different locations at the preset depth. The speed control component 4 adjusts the output rate of the drive device 3 to meet the stability requirements of data acquisition. The hydrological data acquisition component 5 is used to acquire groundwater hydrological data at different depths and locations.

[0045] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the in-hole stabilizing component 1 includes a load-bearing column 10, on which grooves are designed at fixed intervals. A one-way locking spring plate 11 is installed in the groove. The one-way locking spring plate 11 has a first state of opening the groove and a second state of closing the groove.

[0046] Furthermore, the in-hole stabilization component 1 also includes a spring control cable 12, which transmits retraction and ejection commands from the control storage component 9: after the one-way locking spring 11 retracts, it covers the groove, and the outer surface of the one-way locking spring 11 is flush with the outer surface of the load-bearing column, facilitating the vertical movement of the in-hole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device within the borehole; after the one-way locking spring 11 ejects, it contacts the borehole wall, and due to gravity and the opening angle of the one-way locking spring 11, the bottom end of the one-way locking spring 11 firmly contacts the borehole wall, preventing the in-hole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device from continuing to move downwards, thereby stabilizing the upper component. Furthermore, the spring control cable 12 is connected to the fixed wire track disk 26 in the hydrological data acquisition component 5. It should be noted that the spring control cable 12 controls the one-way locking spring 11 via a push-pull electromagnet. Since push-pull electromagnets are mature products on the market, only their working mechanism is described here.

[0047] Furthermore, such as Figure 5As shown, the electric telescopic support assembly 2 includes an electric push rod 14 and a drive device tray 16; the electric push rod 14 is fixed to the load-bearing column 10 by screws, and the free end of the rod body 13 of the electric push rod is connected to the drive device tray 16. The first power supply cable 15 of the electric push rod 14 is connected to the fixed wire guide rail 26.

[0048] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the drive device 3 uses an electric motor 17, which is fixedly mounted on the drive device tray 16 in the electric telescopic support assembly 2 by screws. The second power supply cable 19 of the electric motor 17 is connected to the fixed wire track 26.

[0049] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, the speed control component 4 includes a gearbox 21 and a gearbox support column 22. The gearbox 21 is equipped with a transmission gear 20 that is interconnected according to a predetermined gear ratio. The transmission shaft of the transmission gear 20 is connected to the gearbox 20 through a bearing. One end of the transmission shaft extending out of the gearbox 21 is connected to the push rod 23 in the hydrological data acquisition component 5, and the other end of the transmission shaft extending out of the gearbox 21 is connected to the output shaft 18 of the drive device 3. The bottom of the gearbox 20 is connected to the drive device tray 16 through the gearbox support column 21 to provide installation space for the drive device 3.

[0050] Furthermore, such as Figure 10 As shown, the three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters in boreholes also includes an anti-tangling carbon brush assembly 6, which is used to prevent the transmission cable connected to the hydrological data acquisition assembly from twisting and knotting during horizontal rotation.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figures 6-9As shown, the hydrological data acquisition component 5 includes a push rod 23, a drive gear 24, a driven gear 25, a fixed guide rail disk 26, a rotating guide rail disk 27, a guide pipe 28, an orientation sensor 29, an electromagnetic flow sensor 30, and a sensor data cable 31. One end of the push rod 23 is connected to the drive shaft of the speed control component 4, and the other end of the push rod 23 is fixedly mounted with the drive gear 24. The driven gear 25 meshes with the drive gear 24, and the end of the driven gear 25 away from the push rod 23 is connected to the rotating guide rail disk 27 by screws. The second power supply cable 19, the first power supply cable 15, and the spring control cable 12 are connected to the conductive groove 32 of the fixed guide rail disk 26. The conductive protrusion 33 of the rotating guide rail disk 27 is engaged with the conductive groove 32 of the fixed guide rail disk 26 located on the outer periphery of the rotating guide rail disk 27. The conductive protrusion 33 is connected to the corresponding wire of the anti-winding carbon brush component 6. The fixed guide rail... The top of the disc 26 and the protective sleeve 47 are connected by a guide structure 49; a guide tube 28 is fixedly installed on the rotating guide rail disc 27, and an orientation sensor 29 and an electromagnetic flow sensor 30 are provided on the guide tube 28. The orientation sensor 29 and the electromagnetic flow sensor 30 are connected to the corresponding wires of the anti-winding carbon brush assembly 6 via sensor data lines 31. The anti-winding carbon brush assembly 6 integrates the wires into a power supply data cable 34 (specifically: the second power supply cable 19, the first power supply cable 15, the spring control cable 12, and the sensor data line 31 are integrated into a power supply data cable 34 via the anti-winding carbon brush assembly 6 and connected to the control storage component 9). In the above, the rotating guide rail disc 27 except for the conductive protrusion 33 and the fixed guide rail disc 26 except for the conductive groove 32 are all made of insulating material. It should be noted that, in order to better demonstrate the driving gear 24, the driven gear 25, the fixed guide rail disc 26, and the rotating guide rail disc 27, Figures 6-8 An explosion demonstration is shown in the schematic state; the assembly diagram during use is shown below. Figure 14 As shown.

[0052] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 As shown, the guide pipe 28 includes a first guide pipe body and a second guide pipe body. The axial direction of the first guide pipe body is horizontal (i.e., perpendicular to the first preset direction), and the first guide pipe body extends at least partially from the rotating guide rail disk 27. The second guide pipe body is vertically arranged in the extension of the first guide pipe body, and the axial direction of the second guide pipe body is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first guide pipe body, that is, the axial direction of the second guide pipe body is longitudinal (i.e., the same as the first preset direction). Applying the above technical solution, it can be seen that the azimuth sensor 29 and the electromagnetic flow sensor 30 installed on the first guide pipe body collect the flow direction and velocity of groundwater in different horizontal directions (i.e., horizontal direction). Figure 1(Left and right directions from the viewing angle); the orientation sensor 29 and electromagnetic flow sensor 30 installed on the second diversion pipe are used to collect the groundwater flow in the vertical direction (vertical direction is the first preset direction, i.e.) Figure 1 (From the perspective of vertical direction), the first and second guide tubes are internally independent, but externally they are fixedly connected by hot melt adhesive.

[0053] During operation, power is provided by the electric motor 17 and transmitted to the push rod 23 via the gearbox 21. The push rod 23 drives the rotation of the drive gear 24, which in turn drives the rotation of the driven gear 25. This causes the rotating guide rail disk 27, which is connected to the driven gear 25, to rotate synchronously. Meanwhile, the guide rail disk 26 surrounding the rotating guide rail disk 27 does not rotate. Simultaneously, due to the interlocking contact between the conductive protrusion 33 and the conductive groove 32, when the rotating guide rail disk 27 rotates, the second power supply cable 19, the first power supply cable 15, and the spring control cable 12 connected to the fixed guide rail disk 26 achieve stable transmission of current and data. The guide pipe 28, the orientation sensor 29, and the electromagnetic flow sensor 30 are fixedly installed on the rotating guide rail disk 27. During operation, the real-time orientation and flow data of the guide pipe 28 measured by the orientation sensor 29 and the electromagnetic flow sensor 30 are transmitted to the control storage component 9 via the sensor data line 31. This invention utilizes the principle that the flow rate changes when the guide pipe is at different angles to the flow direction of the fluid. By recording the orientation of the guide pipe and the flow rate of the fluid in the pipe in real time, the direction of fluid replenishment and discharge can be determined.

[0054] Further, refer to Figure 11 The surface depth control traction component 7 includes a traction coil 35, a coil brake 36, a traction coil control cable 37, a traction rope 38, a depth counter 39, and a depth counter data line 40. One end of the traction rope 38 is connected to the three-dimensional hydrological data acquisition device inside the borehole via an anti-tangle carbon brush assembly 6, and the other end of the traction rope 38 is connected to the traction coil 35 via the depth counter 39. The traction coil 35 is controlled to start and stop by the coil brake 36, which is connected to the control storage component 9 via the traction coil control cable 37. The depth counter 39 is connected to the control storage component 9 via the depth counter data line 40. The depth counter 39 is installed at the borehole opening via a support frame. A rotating roller is installed on the support frame, and the number of rotations of the rotating roller is transmitted to the control storage component 9 via the depth counter data line 40. When the central axis of the first guide pipe is aligned with the ground surface, it serves as the starting value for the depth counter count.

[0055] Furthermore, such as Figure 12As shown, the three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters in the borehole also includes a solar power supply component 8, which provides all the electrical energy consumption of the measurement system. The solar power supply component 8 includes a solar panel 41, an electrical controller 42, and a power transmission line 43. It mainly supplies power to the borehole stabilization component 1, the electric telescopic support component 2, the drive device 3, the hydrological data acquisition component 5, and the control and storage component 9.

[0056] Furthermore, such as Figure 13 As shown, the three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters in boreholes also includes a control and storage component 9, which is used to drive the operation of various components and store measurement data. The control and storage component 9 includes a control host 45 and a control and storage component protective compartment 46. The control host 45 is installed inside the control and storage component protective compartment 46. The data cable interface 44 of the control host 45 is used to electrically connect with the depth counter data line 40, the power supply data line 34, and the traction coil control line 37. The control host 45 stores measurement data and issues control commands.

[0057] Furthermore, the guide structure 49 employs a telescopic sleeve.

[0058] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for three-dimensional measurement of hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes is provided, using the three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters described in any one of the above-mentioned methods. The method includes: operating a surface depth control traction component 7 until the guide pipe 28 of the hydrological data acquisition component 5 in the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is lowered to a first preset layer; triggering the borehole stabilization component 1 to be in a first state; providing power through an electric telescopic support component 2 to move the hydrological data acquisition component 5 from the bottom of the borehole to the borehole opening within a preset stroke in the first preset layer according to a preset step length; at each target position, driving the hydrological data acquisition component 5 to rotate axially through the driving device 3, so that the guide pipe 28 can achieve hydrological data acquisition from different orientations; when the hydrological data acquisition at different orientations in the first preset layer is completed, hydrological data at different orientations in the remaining preset layers is acquired.

[0059] It should be noted that current methods for determining groundwater flow direction and flow rate generally employ hydraulic gradient methods, single-well tracers, and geophysical exploration methods combined with numerical simulation algorithms. This involves a large workload and significant accuracy errors, severely impacting the assessment and resolution of engineering geological problems by technical personnel and posing potential safety hazards to the project. To accurately and efficiently measure groundwater flow rate and recharge / discharge direction, providing decision-making support for engineering technicians, this invention is proposed. This invention can test the groundwater flow direction and flow rate in rock masses at different borehole depths. The optional implementation process is provided below:

[0060] After connecting all power supply and data transmission lines, the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is lowered to a predetermined depth below the groundwater level (i.e., the guide pipe 28 is placed at the predetermined depth; in this embodiment, the guide pipe 28 is placed 50cm below the groundwater level (using the central axis of the first guide pipe as a reference line)). The depth position of the hydrological data acquisition component 5 is input into the control host 45, and the control host 45 is operated to cause the one-way locking spring plate 11 in the borehole stabilization component 1 to spring open against the borehole wall. The surface depth control traction component 7 activates the brake, fixing the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device at the predetermined borehole depth. Subsequently, the drive device 3 starts, and under the action of the speed control component 4, the hydrological data acquisition component 5 begins to rotate slowly, acquiring the orientation and flow rate data of the guide pipe 28 at this depth position, and transmitting the data to the control storage component 9 for storage via the sensor data line 31. After 10 repeated measurements, the hydrological data acquisition component 5 stops working, and the electric telescopic support component 2 starts, raising the hydrological data acquisition component 5 by 10cm. Then, the drive device 3 starts, completing the measurement of groundwater flow direction and flow rate at that depth. This process is repeated until the electric telescopic support component 2 reaches its maximum lifting limit of 50cm (the same applies to the maximum lifting limit of the guide structure 49). The hydrological data acquisition component 5 then stops working, and the control host 45 sends a command to the borehole stabilizing component 1, causing it to retract its one-way locking spring. The electric telescopic support component 2 starts, returning to its initial position (the same applies to the guide structure 49, returning to its initial position and minimum retracted state). Next, the traction coil 35, in conjunction with the coil brake 36 and the depth counter 39, lowers the borehole stabilizing component 1 by another 50cm. Then, the borehole stabilizing component 1 ejects its one-way locking spring, the surface depth control traction component 7 activates its brake, and the next section of groundwater flow direction and flow rate measurement begins. As can be seen from the above technical solution, the present invention can accurately and efficiently measure the groundwater flow and recharge / discharge direction, providing a strong basis for decision-making on engineering geological issues such as seepage prevention and plugging direction during foundation pit excavation, slope stability assessment, reservoir seepage prevention construction, and water-stop curtain design, thereby greatly improving construction efficiency and saving construction costs.

[0061] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional measurement device for hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes, characterized in that, It includes an in-hole stabilization component (1), an electric telescopic support component (2), a drive device (3), a speed control component (4), a hydrological data acquisition component (5), a surface depth control traction component (7), a guide structure (49), and a control storage component (9); The borehole stabilization component (1), electric telescopic support component (2), drive device (3), speed control component (4), and hydrological data acquisition component (5) are connected in sequence as a borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device. The borehole stabilization component (1) at one end of the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is used to cooperate with the borehole wall. The hydrological data acquisition component (5) at the other end of the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is pulled by the surface depth control traction component (7) placed outside the borehole to place the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device at a preset depth in the borehole. The electric telescopic support assembly (2) is installed at one end of the hole stabilizing assembly (1), and the drive device tray (16) in the electric telescopic support assembly (2) is movably arranged along the first preset direction to provide the hydrological data acquisition assembly (5) with the first preset direction driving force for movement; the drive device (3) is installed on the side of the drive device tray (16) away from the hole stabilizing assembly (1), and the drive device (3) provides the hydrological data acquisition assembly (5) with the driving force to rotate around the first preset direction via the speed control assembly (4); The electric telescopic support assembly (2), drive device (3), and speed control assembly (4) are equipped with protective sleeves (47). One end of the protective sleeve (47) is connected to the stabilizing assembly (1) inside the hole, and the other end of the protective sleeve (47) is connected to the fixed wire track disk (26) in the hydrological data acquisition assembly (5) through the guide structure (49). The electric telescopic support assembly (2), drive device (3), speed control assembly (4), and hydrological data acquisition assembly (5) follow the movement of the drive device tray (16). The guide structure (49) is used to guide the movement of the hydrological data acquisition assembly (5) in the first preset direction. The hydrological data acquisition component (5) moves and rotates along a first preset direction to achieve three-dimensional acquisition of hydrological data; The control storage component (9) is used to acquire the hydrological data acquired by the hydrological data acquisition component (5).

2. The three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters in boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The in-hole stabilizing component (1) includes a load-bearing column (10), on which grooves are designed at fixed intervals, and a one-way locking spring plate (11) is installed in the groove. The one-way locking spring plate (11) has a first state of opening the groove and a second state of closing the groove.

3. The three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters in boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric telescopic support assembly (2) includes an electric push rod (14) and a drive device tray (16); the electric push rod (14) is fixed on the load-bearing column (10) of the hole stabilizing assembly (1), and the free end of the electric push rod (14) is connected to the drive device tray (16).

4. The three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters in boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrological data acquisition component (5) includes a push rod (23), a drive gear (24), a driven gear (25), a fixed guide rail disk (26), a rotating guide rail disk (27), a guide pipe (28), an azimuth sensor (29), an electromagnetic flow sensor (30), and a sensor data cable (31). One end of the push rod (23) is connected to the drive shaft of the speed control component (4), and the other end of the push rod (23) is fixedly mounted with the drive gear (24). The driven gear (25) meshes with the drive gear (24), and the end of the driven gear (25) away from the push rod (23) is fixedly mounted with the rotating guide rail disk (27). The in-hole stabilization component (1), the electric... The cables of the telescopic support assembly (2) and the drive device (3) are connected to the conductive groove (32) of the fixed guide rail disk (26). The conductive protrusion (33) of the rotating guide rail disk (27) is engaged with the conductive groove (32) of the fixed guide rail disk (26) located on the outer periphery of the rotating guide rail disk (27). The conductive protrusion (33) is electrically connected to the control storage assembly (9). A guide pipe (28) is fixedly installed on the rotating guide rail disk (27). An orientation sensor (29) and an electromagnetic flow sensor (30) are provided on the guide pipe (28). The orientation sensor (29) and the electromagnetic flow sensor (30) are electrically connected to the control storage assembly (9) via the sensor data line (31).

5. The three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters in boreholes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guide tube (28) includes a first guide tube body and a second guide tube body. The axial direction of the first guide tube body is perpendicular to the first preset direction. The first guide tube body extends at least partially from the rotating guide rail disk (27). The second guide tube body is arranged vertically in the extension of the first guide tube body, and the axial direction of the second guide tube body is the same as the first preset direction.

6. The three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters in boreholes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The three-dimensional measurement device for hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes also includes an anti-winding carbon brush assembly (6), a conductive groove (33) and a corresponding wire connected to the anti-winding carbon brush assembly (6), an azimuth sensor (29) and an electromagnetic flow sensor (30) connected to the corresponding wire of the anti-winding carbon brush assembly (6) via a sensor data line (31), and the anti-winding carbon brush assembly (6) integrates the wires into a power supply data cable (34) and electrically connects it to the control storage component (9).

7. The three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters in boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface depth control traction component (7) includes a traction coil (35), a coil brake (36), a traction coil control cable (37), a traction rope (38), a depth counter (39), and a depth counter data line (40). One end of the traction rope (38) is connected to the three-dimensional acquisition device for hydrological data inside the borehole, and the other end of the traction rope (38) is connected to the traction coil (35) through the depth counter (39). The traction coil (35) is controlled to start and stop through the coil brake (36), and the coil brake (36) is connected to the control storage component (9) through the traction coil control cable (37). The depth counter (39) is connected to the control storage component (9) through the depth counter data line (40).

8. A three-dimensional measurement method for hydrological parameters of multi-layer groundwater in boreholes, characterized in that, The method employs the three-dimensional measurement device for multi-layer groundwater hydrological parameters from boreholes as described in any one of claims 1-7, comprising: Operate the surface depth control traction component (7) until the guide pipe (28) of the hydrological data acquisition component (5) in the borehole hydrological data three-dimensional acquisition device is lowered to the first preset layer; trigger the borehole stabilization component (1) to be in the first state; Power is provided by the electric telescopic support assembly (2) so that the hydrological data acquisition assembly (5) moves from the bottom of the hole to the opening of the hole within the preset stroke of the first preset layer according to the preset step length; each time it moves to the target position, the hydrological data acquisition assembly (5) is driven to rotate around the first preset direction by the drive device (3) so that the guide pipe (28) can realize the acquisition of hydrological data in different directions; when the acquisition of hydrological data in different directions of the first preset layer is completed, the hydrological data in different directions of the remaining preset layers is acquired.

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