Method for calculating saturated seepage velocity of dump-leached ore

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of dump-leached ore, belongs to the technical field of metallurgical engineering, and avoids the influence of uneven sample loading on the bulk density measurement and calculation accuracy through layered sample loading in combination with a flow guide device. The leaching liquid is sprayed to the ore heap through the liquid distribution device, the ore is completely saturated by adopting a multi-stage saturation control mode, the volume of the seepage liquid in a stable seepage state and the corresponding seepage time are collected, and the problem of seepage data distortion caused by insufficient saturation of the leaching liquid is solved; by measuring the viscosity of the leachate in a laboratory and a field dump leaching environment and calculating the ratio of the two as a temperature correction coefficient, the influence of the temperature on the viscosity of the leachate is eliminated, and the calculation deviation of the seepage velocity is avoided; by combining the collected seepage liquid volume, the seepage time, the dump leaching column cross section area and the temperature correction coefficient, the problem that the result reliability is insufficient due to the fact that influence factors are not comprehensively planned in traditional measurement and calculation is solved, and the accuracy and scientificity of ore saturated seepage velocity measurement are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of metallurgical engineering technology, and in particular relates to a method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore. Background Technology

[0002] Heap leaching is one of the core technologies for the development and utilization of low-grade mineral resources (such as gold, copper, and uranium mines). Essentially, it involves spraying or dripping a leaching agent (such as cyanide or sulfuric acid solution) onto the surface of the ore heap. The liquid then flows through the pores of the heap, physically dissolving or chemically reacting with the target minerals in the ore. The leachate containing the target metal is ultimately recovered from the bottom collection system. The saturated flow velocity is a key indicator of the efficiency of liquid flow in the heap. It directly determines the contact time between the leaching agent and the minerals, the uniformity of the reaction, and the final leaching rate. Therefore, accurately calculating the saturated flow velocity is a crucial prerequisite for heap leaching process design, parameter optimization, and on-site control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, this application provides a method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore, including: The ore sample is crushed, then sieved until the target particle size is reached. The weight of the ore sample is recorded and the sample is mixed. The mineral sample is loaded into the heap leaching column. First, the bulk density of the mineral sample is calculated. Then, the sample is loaded into the heap leaching column in layers using a flow guiding device. After the sample loading is completed, the flow guiding device used in the ore loading process is removed. Leachate is sprayed onto the ore pile through a liquid distribution device, and the ore is fully saturated by a multi-stage saturation control method. The volume of leachate under stable seepage conditions is collected and the corresponding seepage time is recorded. The viscosity of the leachate was measured in both the laboratory environment and the field heap leaching environment, and the ratio of the two was calculated as a temperature correction factor. Based on the collected leachate volume, seepage time, cross-sectional area of ​​the heap leaching column, and the temperature correction coefficient, the saturated seepage velocity of the ore is obtained using the seepage velocity calculation formula.

[0004] In some embodiments, a heap leaching column is used for ore sample loading. First, the bulk density of the ore sample is calculated. Then, a flow guiding device is used to load the sample into the heap leaching column in layers. After loading, the flow guiding device used in the ore loading process is removed. First, the mixed mineral sample is temporarily piled into the heap leaching column, and the approximate column height H is measured. The ore volume V = S × H is calculated based on the cross-sectional area S of the heap leaching column, and the bulk density P = G / V is obtained by combining the total weight G of the ore sample. Based on the bulk density P, the cross-sectional area S of the heap leaching column, and the thickness h of a single layer of ore sample, calculate the weight of each ore sample layer, G1 = P × S × h. Fix the flow guiding device at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column, weigh the mineral sample to be loaded according to the preset layer weight, and then slowly pour the mineral sample from the top center of the heap leaching column so that the mineral sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column. Confirm that the thickness of the mineral sample layer meets the preset requirements and complete the single-layer loading. Move the flow guide device and repeat the layered sampling operation until all mineral samples have been layered and sampled, then remove the flow guide device.

[0005] In some embodiments, the mineral sample is loaded using a heap leaching column. First, the bulk density of the mineral sample is calculated. Then, a flow guiding device is used to load the sample into the heap leaching column in layers. After the sample loading is completed, the flow guiding device used in the mineral loading process is removed. The flow guiding device includes a stainless steel upright, an arc-shaped flow guiding blade, and a limiting ring. Accordingly, the process of fixing the flow guiding device at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column, weighing the ore sample to be loaded according to the preset layer weight, and then slowly pouring the ore sample from the top center of the heap leaching column, so that the ore sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column, and finally confirming that the thickness of the ore sample layer meets the preset requirements, completing the single-layer sample loading includes: The uprights are placed vertically along the central axis of the heap leaching column; Three arc-shaped guide vanes are fixed to the upright post by a limiting ring, so that the initial position of the guide vanes is 5cm above the bottom of the column. Check whether the guide vanes are horizontal and maintain a preset distance from the column wall. After confirming that everything is correct, complete the fixing of the guide device. The mineral sample is slowly poured into the center of the top of the heap leaching column, and the sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column. Finally, the thickness of the mineral sample layer is confirmed to meet the preset requirements, and the single-layer sample loading is completed. The mobile diversion device repeats the stratified sampling operation until all mineral samples are stratified and sampled. Removing the diversion device includes: Unlock the limiting ring, move the arc-shaped guide vane upward by 5cm, and then lock the limiting ring to fix the arc-shaped guide vane in place; Repeat the stratified sampling operation until all mineral samples have been stratified and sampled. Pull the upright out of the center of the immersion column and remove the flow guiding device.

[0006] In some embodiments, the process of fixing the flow guiding device at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column, weighing the ore sample to be loaded according to the preset layer weight, and then slowly pouring the ore sample from the top center of the heap leaching column so that the ore sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column, and finally confirming that the thickness of the ore sample layer meets the preset requirements, and completing the single-layer loading also includes: After each layer of ore sample is poured in, tap the wall of the heap leaching column 3-5 times with the same force to eliminate the voids inside the ore heap. Use measuring tools to check the thickness of the mineral sample layer. If it does not reach the preset range, supplement or reduce the mineral sample until it meets the requirements. Record the actual weight and thickness of each mineral sample layer as a basis for subsequent data verification.

[0007] In some embodiments, the step of spraying leachate onto the ore pile through a distribution device, employing a multi-stage saturation control method to fully saturate the ore, and collecting the volume of leachate under stable seepage conditions and recording the corresponding seepage time includes: First, install the annular liquid distribution device 1-2 cm away from the surface of the ore pile, and adjust the angle of the device so that the spraying range covers the entire surface of the ore pile; for example, the annular liquid distribution device includes annular liquid distribution pipes connected end to end, and liquid outlet holes are opened on the liquid distribution pipes. The leachate in the annular liquid distribution pipes is sprayed onto the ore pile through the liquid outlet holes.

[0008] Start the liquid distribution device to spray, and continue spraying until the surface of the ore pile is completely wetted and liquid begins to drip from the bottom of the column. Maintain the spraying intensity and continue spraying until the water level inside the column just overflows the top of the ore pile; Adjust the flow rate of the liquid distribution, keep the water level 5-10mm above the top of the ore pile, and maintain a constant water head for 30 minutes; Close the drain valve at the bottom of the column, empty the collection bucket and record the initial state, then open the drain valve to collect the leachate, and record the leachate volume M and the seepage time t.

[0009] In some embodiments, adjusting the angle of the device to cover the entire surface of the ore pile with spray includes: The annular liquid distribution device is equipped with evenly distributed spray holes. First, check whether the spray holes are unobstructed. Turn on the liquid distribution device to conduct a test spray and observe the spray coverage on the surface of the ore pile. If there are uncovered areas, fine-tune the installation height of the liquid distribution device or the angle of the spray holes until the surface of the ore pile is evenly sprayed.

[0010] In some embodiments, the step of separately measuring the viscosity of the leachate under laboratory and field heap leaching conditions, and calculating the ratio of the two as a temperature correction factor, includes: Leachate samples with the same composition and concentration were collected from both the laboratory and the on-site heap leaching area, and then sealed and preserved. The viscosity u0 of the leachate sample was measured using a portable rotational viscometer at laboratory ambient temperature, and the ambient temperature during the measurement was recorded. During the regular working period in the on-site heap leaching environment, the viscosity u1 of another set of leachate samples was measured using the same portable rotational viscometer, and the on-site ambient temperature was recorded; The temperature correction factor k is calculated using the formula = u0 / u1, and the relevant measurement data and calculation results are recorded.

[0011] In some embodiments, the step of collecting leachate samples of the same composition and concentration in the laboratory and the on-site heap leaching area, respectively, and sealing and preserving them includes: The leachate is one or more of cyanide solution and sulfuric acid solution, and the composition and concentration of the leachate used for on-site heap leaching are specified; In the laboratory, corresponding samples are prepared according to the composition and concentration of the leachate from the field to ensure the consistency of the composition between the two. Use clean, impurity-free containers during sampling to avoid sample contamination.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of crushing the ore sample, sieving it after crushing until the target particle size is reached, recording the weight of the ore sample, and mixing it includes: Select representative ore samples and put them into a jaw crusher for crushing. The crushed ore is screened, and the particle size of the ore on the screen is checked. If there are particles larger than 10mm, they are returned to the jaw crusher for re-crushing. Repeat the crushing process until all ore samples pass through a 10mm sieve to obtain qualified ore samples; Weigh the qualified ore sample in a weighing device and record the total weight G. Then, put the ore sample into a mixing device and mix it thoroughly for later use.

[0013] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the saturated seepage velocity of the ore using a seepage velocity calculation formula based on the collected leachate volume, seepage time, cross-sectional area of ​​the heap leaching column, and the temperature correction coefficient includes: Determine the radius R of the heap leaching column, and calculate the cross-sectional area S of the heap leaching column using the formula S=πR². Convert the volume of the exudate M to L, the seepage time t to h, and the temperature correction factor to k. Substituting the volume of the exudate M, the seepage time t, and the temperature correction factor k into the formula v=M / (t×S)×k, the saturated seepage velocity v is calculated. Repeat the measurement 2-3 times and take the average value as the final saturated seepage velocity result.

[0014] This application discloses a method for determining the saturated seepage velocity of ore. By combining a flow guiding device with layered sample loading, the method avoids the impact of uneven sample loading on the accuracy of bulk density calculation. A leaching device sprays leachate onto the ore heap, employing a multi-stage saturation control method to ensure complete ore saturation. The method collects the volume of leachate and the corresponding seepage time under stable seepage conditions, solving the problem of distorted seepage data caused by insufficient leaching. By measuring the viscosity of the leachate under laboratory and field heap leaching conditions, the ratio of the two is calculated as a temperature correction coefficient, eliminating the influence of temperature on leachate viscosity and thus avoiding deviations in seepage velocity calculation. By combining the collected leachate volume, seepage time, cross-sectional area of ​​the heap leaching column, and temperature correction coefficient, the method addresses the problem of insufficient reliability of results due to the lack of comprehensive consideration of influencing factors in traditional calculations, thereby improving the accuracy and scientific rigor of ore saturated seepage velocity determination. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, the accompanying drawings used in this application will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hammer used in a method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 10, striking part; 11, limiting block; 20, housing; 21, limiting button; 30, spring; 40, sliding seat connecting rod; 41, support head connecting rod; 42, intermediate linkage block; 43, soft support head; 44, horizontal guide rail; 45, slide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0021] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0027] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 A method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore, comprising: S100. The ore sample is crushed and then sieved until the target particle size is reached. The weight of the ore sample is recorded and mixed. Specifically, the original ore sample is crushed and repeatedly screened through the sieving process until all ore particles reach the preset target particle size. After the particle size control is completed, the total weight of the ore sample is accurately recorded and the sample is thoroughly mixed to obtain the test sample.

[0028] In some embodiments, for example, S100, crushing the ore sample, sieving it after crushing until the target particle size is reached, recording the weight of the ore sample, and mixing it includes: Select representative ore samples and put them into a jaw crusher for crushing. The crushed ore is screened, and the particle size of the ore on the screen is checked. If there are particles larger than 10mm, they are returned to the jaw crusher for re-crushing. Repeat the crushing process until all ore samples pass through a 10mm sieve to obtain qualified ore samples; Weigh the qualified ore sample in a weighing device and record the total weight G. Then, put the ore sample into a mixing device and mix it thoroughly for later use.

[0029] S200. The mineral sample is loaded into the heap leaching column. First, the bulk density of the mineral sample is calculated. Then, the sample is loaded into the heap leaching column in layers using a flow guiding device. After the sample loading is completed, the flow guiding device used in the ore loading process is removed. Specifically, with the help of a special flow guiding device, the mixed mineral sample is loaded into the heap leaching column in layers. This avoids the problem of local compaction or uneven looseness of the mineral pile caused by direct dumping in the traditional sample loading method, ensuring that the overall density of the mineral pile is consistent, reducing the deviation of pore distribution, and creating a stable physical environment for uniform liquid seepage.

[0030] In some embodiments, for example, S200, a heap leaching column is used to load the ore sample. First, the bulk density of the ore sample is calculated, and then a flow guiding device is used to load the sample into the heap leaching column in layers. After the sample loading is completed, the flow guiding device used in the ore loading process is removed. First, the mixed mineral sample is temporarily piled into the heap leaching column, and the approximate column height H is measured. The ore volume V = S × H is calculated based on the cross-sectional area S of the heap leaching column, and the bulk density P = G / V is obtained by combining the total weight G of the ore sample. Based on the bulk density P, the cross-sectional area S of the heap leaching column, and the thickness h of a single layer of ore sample, calculate the weight of each ore sample layer, G1 = P × S × h. Fix the flow guiding device at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column, weigh the mineral sample to be loaded according to the preset layer weight, and then slowly pour the mineral sample from the top center of the heap leaching column so that the mineral sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column. Confirm that the thickness of the mineral sample layer meets the preset requirements and complete the single-layer loading. Move the flow guide device and repeat the layered sampling operation until all mineral samples have been layered and sampled, then remove the flow guide device.

[0031] In some embodiments, for example, the flow guiding device includes a stainless steel upright, arc-shaped flow guiding blades, and a limiting ring; Accordingly, in the step of fixing the flow guiding device at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column, weighing the ore sample to be loaded according to the preset layer weight, and then slowly pouring the ore sample from the top center of the heap leaching column, so that the ore sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column, and finally confirming that the thickness of the ore sample layer meets the preset requirements, the single-layer loading is completed including: The uprights are placed vertically along the central axis of the heap leaching column; Three arc-shaped guide vanes are fixed to the upright post by a limiting ring, so that the initial position of the guide vanes is 5cm above the bottom of the column. Check whether the guide vanes are horizontal and maintain a preset distance from the column wall. After confirming that everything is correct, complete the fixing of the guide device. The mineral sample is slowly poured into the center of the top of the heap leaching column, and the sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column. Finally, the thickness of the mineral sample layer is confirmed to meet the preset requirements, and the single-layer sample loading is completed. Move the flow guide device, repeat the stratified sampling operation until all mineral samples have been stratified, and remove the flow guide device, including: Unlock the limiting ring, move the arc-shaped guide vane upward by 5cm, and then lock the limiting ring to fix the arc-shaped guide vane in place; Repeat the stratified sampling operation until all mineral samples have been stratified and sampled. Pull the pole out of the center of the immersion column and remove the diversion device.

[0032] In some implementations, refer to Figure 2A striking hammer is provided on the outside of the heap leaching column. The striking hammer includes a striking part 10 and a housing 20. The striking part 10 is at least partially placed inside the housing 20 and can reciprocate along the length of the housing 20. This reciprocating motion is achieved by a spring 30 connected to the striking part 10. This allows a quantifiable striking tool to replace manual striking, avoiding compaction deviations caused by inconsistent striking force. A limit block 11 is provided on the striking part 10, and a corresponding limit button 21 is provided on the housing 20. After the striking part 10 is compressed, the elastic potential energy of the spring 30 is maintained by the engagement of the limit button 21 and the limit block 11. After pressing the limit button 21, the elastic potential energy of the spring 30 is converted back into the power of the striking part 10, allowing the operator to conveniently and independently determine the position and time of the striking part 10.

[0033] For example, when the hammer is used, the flow guiding device is fixed at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column. The mineral sample to be loaded is then weighed according to the preset layer weight. Subsequently, the mineral sample is slowly poured into the center of the top of the heap leaching column, allowing the mineral sample to be guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column. Finally, it is confirmed that the thickness of the mineral sample layer meets the preset requirements. The process of completing the single-layer sample loading includes: After each layer of mineral sample is poured in, the hammer is placed near the outer wall of the heap leaching column, so that the hammer is in its natural state, that is, the spring 30 is not retracted, and there is a small gap between the hammer and the outer wall of the heap leaching column, such as 3 mm or 5 mm. This way, after the hammer striking part 10 hits the outer wall of the heap leaching column, the striking part 10 will not directly contact the heap leaching column for a long time, thus avoiding the energy of the hammer being absorbed by the striking part 10 itself due to continuous contact, thereby improving the effect of hammering and vibration and promoting the uniform settling of mineral sample particles. After specifying the spacing, press the striking part 10 of the hammer to retract the spring 30 connected to its tail, and make the limiting block 11 on the striking part 10 engage with the limiting button 21. According to the four preset striking points specified on the circumference of the heap leaching column, the fixed elastic force is released through the spring 30 energy storage mechanism of the hammer, and each striking point is impacted once, for a total of four standardized strikes.

[0034] In some embodiments, for example, the process of fixing the flow guiding device at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column, weighing the ore sample to be loaded according to the preset layer weight, and then slowly pouring the ore sample from the top center of the heap leaching column, so that the ore sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column, and finally confirming that the thickness of the ore sample layer meets the preset requirements, the process of completing the single-layer sample loading also includes: After each layer of ore sample is poured in, tap the wall of the heap leaching column 3-5 times with the same force to eliminate the voids inside the ore heap. Use measuring tools to check the thickness of the mineral sample layer. If it does not reach the preset range, supplement or reduce the mineral sample until it meets the requirements. Record the actual weight and thickness of each mineral sample layer as a basis for subsequent data verification.

[0035] In some implementations, refer to Figure 2 The striking hammer is equipped with a support base, which includes a sliding seat connecting rod 40, a support head connecting rod 41, a horizontal guide rail 44, and an intermediate linkage block 42. One end of the sliding seat connecting rod 40 is hinged to the striking part 10, and the other end is hinged to the intermediate linkage block 42. One end of the support head connecting rod 41 is equipped with a soft support head 43, and the other end is hinged to the intermediate linkage block 42. The intermediate linkage block 42 is hinged to the housing 20 through a fixed fulcrum, and a sliding groove 45 is provided at the hinge point of the intermediate linkage block 42 and the support head connecting rod 41, so that the hinge point of the support head connecting rod 41 can slide in the sliding groove 45. The horizontal guide rail 44 is sleeved on the support head connecting rod 41, so that the support head connecting rod 41 can only move towards or away from the heap leaching column.

[0036] When the striking part 10 of the hammer retracts to form an energy-storing state before striking, the striking part 10 drives one end of the sliding seat connecting rod 40 to move axially backward in sync. The other end of the sliding seat connecting rod 40 is hinged in the intermediate linkage block 42 and moves backward with the sliding seat connecting rod 40. During this process, the intermediate linkage block 42 rotates synchronously. This rotation causes the hinge point of the sliding seat connecting rod 40 to move in the same direction in a curved motion. However, because the sliding seat on the other end of the sliding seat connecting rod 40 moves with the striking part 10, the sliding seat connecting rod 40 gradually tilts, thereby causing the hinge point of the sliding seat connecting rod 40 to move in the same direction. The radial motion generated during the curved motion cancels out the height deviation; however, for the support head link 41, since its hinge point is on its motion track and the support head link 41 is restricted by the horizontal guide rail 44 and cannot deflect or horizontally offset in the vertical direction, the hinge point of the support head link 41 cannot rotate and becomes stuck. Therefore, a groove 45 is provided at the hinge point of the support head link 41 so that the hinge point of the support head link 41 can slide in the groove 45 to compensate for the trajectory deviation, thus ensuring its horizontal axial motion trend while avoiding the occurrence of jamming.

[0037] Meanwhile, with the striking part 10 equipped with a support head, the corresponding step after each layer of ore sample is poured in, involves gently tapping the wall of the leaching column 3-5 times with the same force to eliminate voids inside the ore pile, including: The striking part 10 is pushed to retract the spring 30, and the extended support head is pressed against the outer wall of the heap leaching column; Press the limit button 21 to make the support head pop out and hit the outer wall of the heap leaching column, keeping the hammer stable during the impact.

[0038] By coordinating the opposite horizontal axes of the support head and the striking part 10, the support head extends before the striking part 10 strikes, thus providing a uniform reference for the reserved spacing. When the striking part 10 pops out, it retracts in coordination to detach from the contact with the outer wall of the heap leaching column, thereby avoiding the absorption of the kinetic energy applied to the heap leaching column by the striking part 10 and ensuring the striking effect.

[0039] S300. Leaching solution is sprayed onto the ore pile using a distribution device. A multi-stage saturation control method is employed to fully saturate the ore. The volume of leaching solution under stable seepage conditions is collected, and the corresponding seepage time is recorded. Specifically, this step involves uniformly spraying leaching solution onto the surface of the ore pile using a distribution device to ensure even coverage and avoid localized over- or under-spraying. A multi-stage control strategy is used to gradually bring the ore to full saturation, thereby filling the internal pores of the ore pile and preventing problems such as rapid spraying leading to liquid loss along the channels or insufficient saturation resulting in incomplete pore filling. After the seepage process stabilizes, the volume of liquid seeping from the bottom of the heap leaching column is collected, and the corresponding seepage time is accurately recorded.

[0040] In some embodiments, for example, S300, spraying leachate onto the ore pile through a liquid distribution device, using a multi-stage saturation control method to fully saturate the ore, and collecting the volume of leachate under stable seepage conditions and recording the corresponding seepage time includes: First, install the ring-shaped liquid distribution device 1-2cm away from the surface of the ore pile, and adjust the angle of the device so that the spray range covers the entire surface of the ore pile. Start the liquid distribution device to spray, and continue spraying until the surface of the ore pile is completely wetted and liquid begins to drip from the bottom of the column. Maintain the spraying intensity and continue spraying until the water level inside the column just overflows the top of the ore pile; Adjust the flow rate of the liquid distribution, keep the water level 5-10mm above the top of the ore pile, and maintain a constant water head for 30 minutes; Close the drain valve at the bottom of the column, empty the collection bucket and record the initial state, then open the drain valve to collect the leachate, and record the leachate volume M and the seepage time t.

[0041] In some embodiments, for example, adjusting the angle of the device to make the spray range cover the entire surface of the ore pile includes: The annular liquid distribution device is equipped with evenly distributed spray holes. First, check whether the spray holes are unobstructed. Turn on the liquid distribution device to conduct a test spray and observe the spray coverage on the surface of the ore pile. If there are uncovered areas, fine-tune the installation height of the liquid distribution device or the angle of the spray holes until the surface of the ore pile is evenly sprayed.

[0042] S400. Measure the viscosity of the leachate in both the laboratory and on-site heap leaching environments, and calculate the ratio of the two as a temperature correction factor. Specifically, this step involves collecting leachate samples in both the laboratory and on-site heap leaching environments, measuring the viscosity of both types of samples using specialized equipment, and defining the ratio of the viscosity in the laboratory environment to that in the on-site environment as the temperature correction factor. The viscosity of the leachate changes with temperature, and viscosity directly affects the flow velocity of the liquid in the pores of the ore heap. Traditional techniques often ignore temperature differences and directly apply the seepage velocity calculated in the laboratory to the on-site conditions, leading to data deviations. This step, through the temperature correction factor, eliminates the influence of the temperature difference between the laboratory and on-site environments on the viscosity, making the final calculation results closer to the actual on-site production conditions and improving the practicality of the data.

[0043] In some embodiments, exemplarily, step S400, measuring the viscosity of the leachate under laboratory and field heap leaching conditions respectively, and calculating the ratio of the two as a temperature correction factor, includes: Leachate samples with the same composition and concentration were collected from both the laboratory and the on-site heap leaching area, and then sealed and preserved. The viscosity u0 of the leachate sample was measured using a portable rotational viscometer at laboratory ambient temperature, and the ambient temperature during the measurement was recorded. During the regular working period in the on-site heap leaching environment, the viscosity u1 of another set of leachate samples was measured using the same portable rotational viscometer, and the on-site ambient temperature was recorded; The temperature correction factor k is calculated using the formula = u0 / u1, and the relevant measurement data and calculation results are recorded.

[0044] In some embodiments, exemplary steps include collecting leachate samples of the same composition and concentration in both the laboratory and the on-site heap leaching area, and then sealing and storing them. The leachate is one or more of cyanide solution and sulfuric acid solution; the composition and concentration of the leachate used for on-site heap leaching must be clearly defined. In the laboratory, corresponding samples are prepared according to the composition and concentration of the leachate from the field to ensure the consistency of the composition between the two. Use clean, impurity-free containers during sampling to avoid sample contamination.

[0045] S500. Based on the collected leachate volume, seepage time, cross-sectional area of ​​the heap leaching column, and temperature correction factor, the saturated seepage velocity of the ore is obtained using the seepage velocity calculation formula. Specifically, this step substitutes the previously collected leachate volume, seepage time, cross-sectional area of ​​the heap leaching column, and temperature correction factor into the preset seepage velocity calculation formula to finally calculate the saturated seepage velocity of the ore. The over-quantification formula integrates all key parameters and corrects them with the temperature correction factor, thereby correcting the temperature influence in the saturated seepage velocity calculation and avoiding the unreasonable process parameters caused by not considering the temperature influence in traditional calculation methods.

[0046] In some implementations, for example, S500, the saturated seepage velocity of the ore is obtained using a seepage velocity calculation formula based on the collected leachate volume, seepage time, cross-sectional area of ​​the heap leaching column, and temperature correction factor, including: Determine the radius R of the heap leaching column, and calculate the cross-sectional area S of the heap leaching column using the formula S=πR². Convert the volume of the exudate M to L, the seepage time t to h, and the temperature correction factor to k. Substituting the volume of the exudate M, the seepage time t, and the temperature correction factor k into the formula v=M / (t×S)×k, the saturated seepage velocity v is calculated. Repeat the measurement 2-3 times and take the average value as the final saturated seepage velocity result.

[0047] This application provides a method for determining the saturated seepage velocity of ore. By combining a flow guiding device with layered sample loading, it avoids the impact of uneven sample loading on the accuracy of bulk density calculation. A leaching solution is sprayed onto the ore heap using a liquid distribution device, employing a multi-stage saturation control method to ensure complete ore saturation. The volume of leaching solution and the corresponding seepage time under stable seepage conditions are collected, solving the problem of distorted seepage data caused by insufficient leaching solution saturation. By measuring the viscosity of the leaching solution under laboratory and field heap leaching conditions, the ratio of the two is calculated as a temperature correction coefficient, eliminating the influence of temperature on leaching solution viscosity and thus avoiding deviations in seepage velocity calculation. Combining the collected leaching solution volume, seepage time, cross-sectional area of ​​the heap leaching column, and temperature correction coefficient, the saturated seepage velocity of the ore is obtained through a seepage velocity calculation formula. This solves the problem of insufficient reliability of results caused by traditional calculations that do not comprehensively consider influencing factors, improving the accuracy and scientific rigor of ore saturated seepage velocity determination.

[0048] In some embodiments, a basic process of this application is provided. For example, a representative ore sample is selected and crushed using a jaw crusher to a target particle size of 10 mm. After crushing, the ore is screened, and the ore oversize is returned to the crushing process for further crushing until all of it passes through a 10 mm screen. The crushed ore sample is weighed, denoted as G = 18 kg, and thoroughly mixed for later use.

[0049] Pillar pile: ① A heap leaching column with radius R = 0.07 m and cross-sectional area S = πR² = 0.0154 m² is used. 2 .

[0050] ② First, the ore sample is piled into the column, and the column height is roughly calculated to be H = 0.72 m, and the ore volume is V = S × H = 0.0111 m³. 3 The bulk density P = G / V = 18 / 0.0111 = 1621.62 kg / m³ 3 Then pour out the ore sample.

[0051] ③ During column loading, the "central guide-ring ore distribution" technology is adopted. A liftable guide device is installed at the central axis of the heap leaching column, consisting of an 8mm diameter stainless steel upright, three arc-shaped guide blades, and a limiting ring. The initial position of the guide blades is fixed 5cm above the bottom of the column. During ore loading, the ore sample is added in batches according to a layer thickness h=10cm. First, the weight of a single layer of ore sample G1 is weighed, and G1 is: G1 = P × S × h = 1621.62 × 0.0154 × 0.1 = 2.50 kg. Slowly pour the sample into the center of the column. The sample is guided by the guide vanes to diffuse outwards, forming a uniform annular ore layer. After each layer is poured, gently tap the column wall 3-5 times with the same force to ensure uniform compaction of the ore pile and reduce porosity deviation. Repeat the layered sample loading operation until all the ore sample is in the pile, and finally remove the central guide device.

[0052] Heap leaching ore saturation: A ring-shaped leaching device is installed 2 cm away from the surface of the ore pile inside the column, and uniform leaching is carried out using a spray intensity of 10 L / (m²・h). A "three-stage saturation control method" is employed. First stage (adsorption saturation period): Continue spraying until the surface of the ore pile is wet and dripping begins to appear at the bottom. At this time, the ore has completed the initial water absorption saturation. Second stage (pore filling period): Continue spraying until the water level inside the column just overflows the top of the ore pile, ensuring that all pores are completely filled with liquid; The third stage (stable seepage period): keep the water level 8mm above the top of the ore pile and maintain a constant water head for 30 minutes to stabilize the seepage state.

[0053] Then close the drain valve at the bottom of the column, empty the collection bucket and record the initial state, then open the drain valve to collect the seepage liquid, the volume of which is recorded as M=2562mL, and the seepage time is recorded as t=30min.

[0054] The temperature correction factor k = u0 / u1, where u0 is the viscosity of the leachate at 1:00 AM on September 18th in Changchun at a laboratory temperature of 21℃, and the leachate is a sodium cyanide-calcium oxide gold leaching agent liquid, u0 = 1.35 mPa·s; u1 is the viscosity of the leachate at the Inner Mongolia heap leaching site on September 18th at 18℃, u1 = 1.50 mPa·s. k = 0.90. Actual leachate samples were taken from the laboratory and the heap leaching site, and the viscosity of the leachate was measured using a portable rotational viscometer to obtain the temperature correction factor.

[0055] Calculate the saturated seepage velocity: The seepage velocity v = M / t / S × k = 2.562 ÷ 0.5 ÷ 0.0154 × 0.9 = 299.45 L / m 2 ·h.

[0056] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, and within the spirit and principles of this application, should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore, characterized in that, include: The ore sample is crushed, then sieved until the target particle size is reached. The weight of the ore sample is recorded and the sample is mixed. The mineral sample is loaded into the heap leaching column. First, the bulk density of the mineral sample is calculated. Then, the sample is loaded into the heap leaching column in layers using a flow guiding device. After the sample loading is completed, the flow guiding device used in the ore loading process is removed. Leachate is sprayed onto the ore pile through a liquid distribution device, and the ore is fully saturated by a multi-stage saturation control method. The volume of leachate under stable seepage conditions is collected and the corresponding seepage time is recorded. The viscosity of the leachate was measured in both the laboratory environment and the field heap leaching environment, and the ratio of the two was calculated as a temperature correction factor. Based on the collected leachate volume, seepage time, cross-sectional area of ​​the heap leaching column, and the temperature correction coefficient, the saturated seepage velocity of the ore is obtained using the seepage velocity calculation formula.

2. The method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ore sample is loaded into a heap leaching column. First, the bulk density of the ore sample is calculated. Then, a flow guiding device is used to load the sample into the heap leaching column in layers. After loading, the flow guiding device used in the ore loading process is removed. First, the mixed mineral sample is temporarily piled into the heap leaching column, and the approximate column height H is measured. The ore volume V = S × H is calculated based on the cross-sectional area S of the heap leaching column, and the bulk density P = G / V is obtained by combining the total weight G of the ore sample. Based on the bulk density P, the cross-sectional area S of the heap leaching column, and the thickness h of a single layer of ore sample, calculate the weight of each ore sample layer, G1 = P × S × h. Fix the flow guiding device at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column, weigh the mineral sample to be loaded according to the preset layer weight, and then slowly pour the mineral sample from the top center of the heap leaching column so that the mineral sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column. Confirm that the thickness of the mineral sample layer meets the preset requirements and complete the single-layer loading. Move the flow guide device and repeat the layered sampling operation until all mineral samples have been layered and sampled, then remove the flow guide device.

3. The method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of filling mineral samples using a heap leaching column involves first calculating the bulk density of the mineral sample, then using a flow guiding device to fill the sample in layers into the heap leaching column. After the sample is filled, the flow guiding device used in the mineral distribution process is removed. The flow guiding device includes a stainless steel upright, an arc-shaped flow guiding blade, and a limiting ring. Accordingly, the process of fixing the flow guiding device at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column, weighing the ore sample to be loaded according to the preset layer weight, and then slowly pouring the ore sample from the top center of the heap leaching column, so that the ore sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column, and finally confirming that the thickness of the ore sample layer meets the preset requirements, completing the single-layer sample loading includes: The uprights are placed vertically along the central axis of the heap leaching column; Three arc-shaped guide vanes are fixed to the upright post by a limiting ring, so that the initial position of the guide vanes is 5cm above the bottom of the column. Check whether the guide vanes are horizontal and maintain a preset distance from the column wall. After confirming that everything is correct, complete the fixing of the guide device. The mineral sample is slowly poured into the center of the top of the heap leaching column, and the sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column. Finally, the thickness of the mineral sample layer is confirmed to meet the preset requirements, and the single-layer sample loading is completed. The mobile diversion device repeats the stratified sampling operation until all mineral samples are stratified and sampled. Removing the diversion device includes: Unlock the limiting ring, move the arc-shaped guide vane upward by 5cm, and then lock the limiting ring to fix the arc-shaped guide vane in place; Repeat the stratified sampling operation until all mineral samples have been stratified and sampled. Pull the upright out of the center of the immersion column and remove the flow guiding device.

4. The method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of fixing the flow guiding device at a preset height on the central axis of the heap leaching column, weighing the mineral sample to be loaded according to the preset layer weight, and then slowly pouring the mineral sample from the top center of the heap leaching column so that the mineral sample is guided by the flow guiding device to spread evenly around the column, and finally confirming that the thickness of the mineral sample layer meets the preset requirements, and completing the single-layer loading also includes: After each layer of ore sample is poured in, tap the wall of the heap leaching column 3-5 times with the same force to eliminate the voids inside the ore heap. Use measuring tools to check the thickness of the mineral sample layer. If it does not reach the preset range, supplement or reduce the mineral sample until it meets the requirements. Record the actual weight and thickness of each mineral sample layer as a basis for subsequent data verification.

5. The method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of spraying leachate onto the ore pile through a distribution device, employing a multi-stage saturation control method to fully saturate the ore, and collecting the volume of leachate under stable seepage conditions and recording the corresponding seepage time includes: First, install the ring-shaped liquid distribution device 1-2cm away from the surface of the ore pile, and adjust the angle of the device so that the spray range covers the entire surface of the ore pile. Start the liquid distribution device to spray, and continue spraying until the surface of the ore pile is completely wetted and liquid begins to drip from the bottom of the column. Maintain the spraying intensity and continue spraying until the water level inside the column just overflows the top of the ore pile; Adjust the flow rate of the liquid distribution, keep the water level 5-10mm above the top of the ore pile, and maintain a constant water head for 30 minutes; Close the drain valve at the bottom of the column, empty the collection bucket and record the initial state, then open the drain valve to collect the leachate, and record the leachate volume M and the seepage time t.

6. The method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to claim 5, characterized in that, The angle of the adjustment device is adjusted to ensure that the spray range covers the entire surface of the ore pile, including: The annular liquid distribution device is equipped with evenly distributed spray holes. First, check whether the spray holes are unobstructed. Turn on the liquid distribution device to conduct a test spray and observe the spray coverage on the surface of the ore pile. If there are uncovered areas, fine-tune the installation height of the liquid distribution device or the angle of the spray holes until the surface of the ore pile is evenly sprayed.

7. The method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of separately measuring the viscosity of the leachate under laboratory and field heap leaching conditions, and calculating the ratio between the two as a temperature correction factor, includes: Leachate samples with the same composition and concentration were collected from both the laboratory and the on-site heap leaching area, and then sealed and preserved. The viscosity u0 of the leachate sample was measured using a portable rotational viscometer at laboratory ambient temperature, and the ambient temperature during the measurement was recorded. During the regular working period in the on-site heap leaching environment, the viscosity u1 of another set of leachate samples was measured using the same portable rotational viscometer, and the on-site ambient temperature was recorded; The temperature correction factor k is calculated using the formula = u0 / u1, and the relevant measurement data and calculation results are recorded.

8. The method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to claim 7, characterized in that, Leachate samples with the same composition and concentration were collected from both the laboratory and the on-site heap leaching area, and are currently sealed and stored. The leachate is one or more of cyanide solution and sulfuric acid solution, and the composition and concentration of the leachate used for on-site heap leaching are specified; In the laboratory, corresponding samples are prepared according to the composition and concentration of the leachate from the field to ensure the consistency of the composition between the two. Use clean, impurity-free containers during sampling to avoid sample contamination.

9. The method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of crushing the ore sample, followed by sieving until the target particle size is reached, recording the weight of the ore sample, and mixing it thoroughly includes: Select representative ore samples and put them into a jaw crusher for crushing. The crushed ore is screened, and the particle size of the ore on the screen is checked. If there are particles larger than 10mm, they are returned to the jaw crusher for re-crushing. Repeat the crushing process until all ore samples pass through a 10mm sieve to obtain qualified ore samples; Weigh the qualified ore sample in a weighing device and record the total weight G. Then, put the ore sample into a mixing device and mix it thoroughly for later use.

10. The method for calculating the saturated seepage velocity of heap leaching ore according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of calculating the saturated seepage velocity of the ore using the seepage velocity calculation formula based on the collected leachate volume, seepage time, cross-sectional area of ​​the heap leaching column, and the temperature correction coefficient includes: Determine the radius R of the heap leaching column, and calculate the cross-sectional area S of the heap leaching column using the formula S=πR². Convert the volume of the exudate M to L, the seepage time t to h, and the temperature correction factor to k. Substituting the volume of the exudate M, the seepage time t, and the temperature correction factor k into the formula v=M / (t×S)×k, the saturated seepage velocity v is calculated. Repeat the measurement 2-3 times and take the average value as the final saturated seepage velocity result.

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