Public building air conditioning system microorganism propagation risk identification method and system
By acquiring the installation location and data of the air conditioning system, and combining the air supply coverage area and population characteristics, a multi-dimensional risk identification mechanism was established. This solved the problem of the underestimated cumulative effect of microbial transmission risk factors in public buildings, and achieved reliable and accurate identification of microbial transmission risks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-03
AI Technical Summary
The lack of comprehensive consideration of air conditioning systems and population characteristics in existing technologies leads to the underestimation or neglect of the cumulative effect of microbial transmission risk factors, the lack of effective risk identification mechanisms, and the difficulty in timely detection of potential health hazards.
By acquiring air conditioner type, installation location, and data, an installation risk index is determined; by combining the air supply coverage area and space ventilation type, an internal environmental risk index is determined; based on population data and age composition, a population risk index is determined; and finally, based on multiple risk indices, the level of microbial transmission risk is determined, establishing a systematic risk identification mechanism.
It achieves multi-dimensional coverage of the risk of microbial transmission, avoids underestimating the cumulative effect of risk factors, ensures the reliability and accuracy of risk identification, can promptly detect potential health hazards, and reduce the probability of microbial transmission in public buildings.
Smart Images
Figure CN121789997A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of microbial technology, and more specifically, to a method and system for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings. Background Technology
[0002] Public buildings, as places for public social life and activities, are characterized by dense populations and relatively enclosed environments. At the same time, they also become high-risk areas for the spread of microorganisms. As facilities for air circulation inside public buildings, the unique air supply and circulation characteristics of air conditioning systems exacerbate the spread of microorganisms. Currently, existing microbial risk identification only focuses on the review of air conditioning operation and management and routine hygiene indicator testing, lacking a comprehensive examination of air conditioning systems and population characteristics. This leads to the underestimation or neglect of the cumulative effects between risk factors. Furthermore, the lack of a mechanism for identifying the risk of microbial transmission makes it difficult to detect potential health hazards in a timely manner.
[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design a method and system for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings in order to solve the problems existing in the current technology. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method and system for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings, aiming to solve the problem that the lack of comprehensive investigation of air conditioning systems, building environment and human characteristics leads to the underestimation or neglect of the superposition effect between risk factors, and the lack of a mechanism for identifying the risk of microbial transmission makes it difficult to detect potential health hazards in a timely manner.
[0005] In one aspect, the present invention proposes a method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings, comprising: Obtain all air conditioning types and corresponding air conditioning labels in public buildings, determine the installation location of the air conditioning labels, determine the installation data of the air conditioning labels based on the installation location, and determine whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the installation data; The air supply coverage area of each air conditioner in the public building is determined, and the coverage area data of each air supply coverage area is obtained. Based on the verification results of the door and window data of each air supply coverage area and all the coverage area data, the spatial ventilation type of the public building is determined, and the internal environmental risk index is determined according to the number of spatial ventilation types. Obtain population data and personnel density within the public building, and obtain the percentage of influenza-like cases. Determine personnel density parameters based on the design personnel density of all air-conditioned units and the personnel density. Determine the population risk index based on the age composition, personnel density parameters, and percentage of influenza-like cases in the population data. The risk level of microbial transmission is determined based on the installation risk index, internal environment risk index, and population risk index.
[0006] Furthermore, when determining the installation data of the air conditioner identifier based on the installation location, and determining whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the installation data, the process includes: The installation locations include air supply outlets, return air outlets, exhaust outlets, air handling units, air disinfection units, fresh air systems, and heat recovery units. Air conditioning installation data is determined based on the installation locations. Obtain the standard air conditioner installation data corresponding to the air conditioner identifier, compare the air conditioner installation data with the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, and determine whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the comparison results.
[0007] Furthermore, when comparing the air conditioner installation data with the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, and determining whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the comparison results, the following steps are included: When all the air conditioner installation data are equal to the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, it is determined that there is no installation risk or installation risk index. When the air conditioner installation data is not equal to the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, an installation risk is identified, and an installation risk index is determined based on the installation risk model.
[0008] Furthermore, when determining the installation risk index based on the installation risk model, the following are included: A random forest model is pre-selected and an installation parameter set is obtained. The installation parameter set is then divided into a training set and a test set. The random forest model is trained using the training set, and the accuracy of the trained random forest model is determined using the test set. When the accuracy is greater than or equal to the accuracy threshold, the currently trained random forest model is determined as the installation risk model. When the accuracy is less than the accuracy threshold, the learning rate of the currently trained random forest model is adjusted and training continues. The installation risk index is determined by substituting all air conditioner installation data that do not match the standard air conditioner installation data into the installation risk model.
[0009] Furthermore, when determining the spatial ventilation type of the public building based on the verification results of door and window data for each air supply coverage area and all coverage area data, the following steps are included: Obtain the opening area of doors and windows and the corresponding opening method of doors and windows for each air supply coverage area. When there are at least two air supply coverage areas with the same air conditioning label, retain the opening area of doors and windows and the corresponding opening method of one of the air conditioning labels in that air supply coverage area. The spatial ventilation type of the public building is determined based on all coverage area data, all door and window opening areas, and corresponding door and window opening methods.
[0010] Furthermore, when determining the spatial ventilation type of the public building based on all coverage area data, all door and window opening areas, and corresponding door and window opening methods, the following is included: Based on all coverage area data, as well as all door and window opening areas and corresponding door and window opening methods, the airflow of each air conditioner is simulated in the corresponding air supply coverage area. Obtain the ratio of the opening area of doors and windows in the air supply coverage area to the area of the coverage area in the coverage area data; When the area ratio of the air supply coverage area is less than the area ratio threshold, the airflow space of the air supply coverage area is defined as a closed public space. When the area ratio of the air supply coverage area is greater than or equal to the area ratio threshold, the airflow space of the air supply coverage area is defined as a non-enclosed public space.
[0011] Furthermore, when determining the internal environmental risk index based on the number of said space ventilation types, it includes: The number of enclosed spaces and the number of replacement spaces in the enclosed public spaces are counted to determine the sum of the number of enclosed spaces and the number of replacement spaces. The ratio of the number of enclosed spaces to the sum of the numbers is determined as the internal environmental risk index.
[0012] Furthermore, when determining the personnel density parameter based on the design personnel density of all air conditioner identifiers and the personnel density, and when determining the population risk index based on the age composition, personnel density parameter, and percentage of influenza-like illnesses in the population data, the following is included: Acquire population data during peak hours in public buildings, including the population size of each age group, and determine the population ratio of minors, the elderly, and centenarians in the total population. Obtain the peak personnel density in the public building, determine the design personnel density of all air-conditioned units in the public building, and determine the density ratio of the personnel density to the design personnel density; The product of the population ratio, density ratio, and percentage of influenza-like cases is determined as the population risk index.
[0013] Furthermore, when determining the microbial transmission risk level based on the installation risk index, internal environmental risk index, and population risk index, the following are included: Determine the weighted sum of the installation risk index, internal environment risk index, and population risk index; Set a first weighted sum and a second weighted sum, wherein the first weighted sum is greater than the second weighted sum, and the second weighted sum is greater than 0; When the weighted sum is greater than or equal to the first weighted sum, the risk level of microbial transmission is determined to be Level 1 risk. When the weighted sum is less than the first weighted sum but greater than the second weighted sum, the risk level of microbial transmission is determined to be level two. When the weighted sum is less than or equal to the second weighted sum, the risk level of microbial transmission is determined to be level three. The urgency of the risks is decreasing sequentially from Level 1 to Level 2 and Level 3.
[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: By dynamically determining the installation risk index through obtaining air conditioner type, model, installation location, and installation data, and combining this with the air supply coverage area and spatial ventilation type to determine the internal environmental risk index, and determining the population risk index based on population age composition, this invention covers multiple dimensions of transmission risk factors, avoiding the underestimation or neglect of the cumulative risk effect, and ensuring the reliability of microbial transmission risk identification. Simultaneously, by using specific data to support the determination of each risk index, installation data directly correlates with installation risk, coverage area data and door / window data verify the results to determine airflow patterns, and population age composition quantifies the impact of population on microbial transmission, reducing subjective judgment errors and ensuring the accuracy of microbial transmission risk levels. Whether the microbial transmission risk is due to improper installation, unreasonable ventilation, or population age structure, by establishing a systematic microbial transmission risk identification mechanism, potential health hazards can be detected in a timely manner, thereby reducing the probability of microorganisms spreading through air conditioning systems in public buildings.
[0015] On the other hand, this application also provides a system for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in public building air conditioning systems, used to apply the above-mentioned method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in public building air conditioning systems, including: The air conditioning risk module is configured to acquire all air conditioning types and corresponding air conditioning labels in public buildings, determine the installation location of the air conditioning labels, determine the installation data of the air conditioning labels based on the installation location, and determine whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the installation data. The internal environment risk module is configured to determine the air supply coverage area of each air-conditioning unit in the public building, acquire coverage area data for each air supply coverage area, determine the spatial ventilation type of the public building based on the verification results of the door and window data of each air supply coverage area and all coverage area data, and determine the internal environment risk index based on the number of spatial ventilation types. The population risk module is configured to acquire population data and personnel density within the public building, acquire the percentage of influenza-like cases, determine personnel density parameters based on the design personnel density of all air conditioning units and the personnel density, and determine a population risk index based on the age composition, personnel density parameters, and percentage of influenza-like cases in the population data. The transmission risk module is configured to determine the microbial transmission risk level based on the installation risk index, the internal environment risk index, and the population risk index.
[0016] It is understandable that the above-mentioned method and system for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings have the same beneficial effects, and will not be elaborated further here. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in a public building's air conditioning system, provided as an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A functional block diagram of a system for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in a public building air conditioning system, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0018] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0019] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 1 As shown, a method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings includes: S100: Obtain all air conditioning types and corresponding air conditioning labels in public buildings, determine the installation location of the air conditioning labels, determine the installation data of the air conditioning labels based on the installation location, and determine whether there are installation risks and the installation risk index based on the installation data.
[0020] S200: Determine the air supply coverage area of each air-conditioning unit in the public building, and obtain the coverage area data of each air supply coverage area. Based on the verification results of the door and window data of each air supply coverage area and the total coverage area data, determine the spatial ventilation type of the public building, and determine the internal environmental risk index according to the number of spatial ventilation types.
[0021] S300: Obtain population data and personnel density in public buildings, and obtain the percentage of influenza-like illness cases. Determine personnel density parameters based on the design personnel density and personnel density of all air-conditioned units, and determine the population risk index based on the age composition, personnel density parameters, and percentage of influenza-like illness cases in the population data.
[0022] S400: The risk level of microbial transmission is determined based on the installation risk index, the internal environment risk index, and the population risk index.
[0023] Specifically, this involves comprehensively acquiring all types of air conditioners and their corresponding labels within public buildings. Air conditioner types include centralized, semi-centralized, and decentralized systems. The labels indicate the specific model of the air conditioner. Identifying the air conditioner type and its corresponding label allows for the creation of an equipment information file for the air conditioning system. Then, the precise installation location of each air conditioner is determined. Based on the installation location, on-site data is collected for the air conditioner labels, including parameters such as installation spacing, ground clearance, and distance from adjacent equipment. This installation data is then compared one by one with the standard installation specifications for each air conditioner label to determine if there are any non-compliance issues such as insufficient installation spacing, unreasonable vent orientation, or obstructed return air paths. Simultaneously, the degree and number of non-compliance items are used to comprehensively assess the risk of microbial transmission, thereby determining the installation risk index. For each air conditioner's label, the air supply coverage area is determined through standardization and experimental verification. This coverage area is the actual area covered by the air conditioner labeled as such. Coverage area data is collected simultaneously for each coverage area, including its area, height, and airflow direction—data reflecting actual measurements. Door and window data for each coverage area are then verified, indicating their opening status and method. Combining the airflow direction and door / window opening status and method from all coverage area data, the spatial ventilation type of the public building is dynamically determined. This spatial ventilation type reflects the impact of airflow on microbial transmission. Based on the number of spatial ventilation types, an internal environmental risk index is determined, quantifying the degree of airflow's impact on microbial transmission. By examining both the air conditioner installation dimension and the airflow dimension of spatial ventilation, the microbial transmission risk factors inherent in the air conditioning system and the airflow layout within the public building are comprehensively captured. This avoids the problem of underestimated or ignored risk factors due to single-dimensional identification, ensuring that the identification of microbial transmission risks aligns with the actual operating scenarios of public building air conditioning systems.
[0024] Understandably, the statistical survey of population data and personnel density within public buildings includes population data such as total population and age composition. Age composition includes minors, young adults, middle-aged adults, young elderly, elderly, and centenarians, with age group divisions based on the World Health Organization (WHO) age classification standards. Personnel density represents the density of people during peak periods, and the designed personnel density of public buildings is determined according to building function and design specifications. The population density parameter is determined by calculating the population of different age groups based on personnel density within public buildings and differences in resistance to microorganisms among different age groups. The percentage of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases is determined based on the weekly trend of the proportion of ILI cases to total outpatient and emergency visits at sentinel hospitals, as published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). When selecting the ILI percentage, the time frame is determined based on the current week of the survey of population data and personnel density within public buildings. A population risk index is determined based on the age composition, personnel density parameters, and ILI percentage from the population data. The population risk index comprehensively reflects the degree to which population composition, virus development, and population movement are conducive to microbial transmission. The risk index of installation, the risk index of internal environment, and the risk index of population are used as indicators for identifying the risk of microbial transmission. The impact of each indicator on the risk of microbial transmission is quantitatively integrated and finally divided into different levels of microbial transmission risk. The characteristics of dense population and diverse age structure in public buildings are fully considered, thus making up for the lack of investigation of population characteristics and making the risk identification more comprehensive. At the same time, by establishing a microbial transmission risk level determination mechanism that integrates multiple risk indices, a systematic microbial transmission risk identification system is formed, ensuring the reliability of the identification of transmission risk levels.
[0025] In some embodiments of this application, when determining the installation data of the air conditioner identifier based on the installation location, and determining whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the installation data, the process includes: the installation location includes an air supply outlet, a return air outlet, an exhaust air outlet, an air handling unit, an air disinfection unit, a fresh air system, and a heat recovery unit; determining the air conditioner installation data based on the installation location; obtaining the standard air conditioner installation data corresponding to the air conditioner identifier; comparing the air conditioner installation data with the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data; and determining whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the comparison results.
[0026] In some embodiments of this application, when comparing air conditioner installation data with corresponding standard air conditioner installation data and determining whether there is an installation risk and an installation risk index based on the comparison results, the following steps are taken: when all air conditioner installation data are equal to the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, it is determined that there is no installation risk and no installation risk index; when there are air conditioner installation data that are not equal to the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, it is determined that there is an installation risk, and the installation risk index is determined based on the installation risk model.
[0027] Specifically, the installation locations cover seven key components: air supply vents, return air vents, exhaust vents, air handling units, air disinfection units, fresh air systems, and heat recovery units. Air supply vents, return air vents, and exhaust vents are the core of air conditioning airflow entry, exit, and circulation. Improper installation can lead to uneven airflow distribution, stagnation of polluted air, or recirculation and diffusion. Air handling units are responsible for air filtration and heat exchange, and the filter level affects the efficiency of microbial filtration. The installation location and parameter settings of air disinfection units directly affect their effectiveness in eliminating microorganisms in the airflow. Improper installation may make it difficult to inhibit the spread of microorganisms. If the air intake of the fresh air system is installed in a polluted area, it will introduce external microorganisms and affect the quality of fresh air. When the fresh air volume is insufficient, it cannot effectively dilute indoor pollutants and increase the risk of microbial transmission. Improper installation of heat recovery units can cause cross-contamination between fresh and old air, further aggravating the spread of microorganisms. For air conditioners with air conditioning labels in public buildings, on-site measurements and data collection were conducted at seven installation locations to obtain installation data, including installation spacing, ground clearance, distance from adjacent equipment, installation angle, and distance from pollution sources. Then, the standard air conditioner installation data corresponding to each label was retrieved. This standard installation data is based on air conditioning design specifications and safe operation requirements. The collected air conditioner installation data was compared one by one with the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data. If all the air conditioner installation data matched the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, it indicated that all air conditioners with air conditioning labels complied with air conditioning design specifications and safe operation requirements, and no installation risk was determined, along with an installation risk index. If any one or more air conditioner installation data points were not equal to the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, it indicated that there was an installation risk in the public building. A big data model was used to comprehensively calculate the specific locations and degrees of deviation of the installation discrepancies, ultimately determining an installation risk index reflecting the impact of air conditioning on microbial transmission, ensuring the reliability of the transmission risk level identification.
[0028] In some embodiments of this application, determining the installation risk index based on the installation risk model includes: pre-selecting a random forest model and obtaining an installation parameter set; dividing the installation parameter set into a training set and a test set; training the random forest model based on the training set; determining the accuracy of the trained random forest model based on the test set; when the accuracy is greater than or equal to an accuracy threshold, determining the currently trained random forest model as the installation risk model; when the accuracy is less than the accuracy threshold, adjusting the learning rate of the currently trained random forest model and continuing training; and substituting all air conditioner installation data that are not equal to standard air conditioner installation data into the installation risk model to determine the installation risk index.
[0029] Specifically, the installation parameter set includes standard installation data for each component (supply air vent, return air vent, exhaust air vent, air handling unit, air disinfection unit, fresh air system, and heat recovery unit), deviations from the standard installation data, specific types of the deviating components, the impact of the deviation size on air conditioning airflow, and historical data on the correlation between installation deviations and microbial transmission. The installation parameter set is divided into a training set and a test set, typically in a 3:2 ratio. This balances the needs of training and testing while avoiding overfitting or underfitting of the model. The training set is used to train the random forest model, enabling it to learn the correlation between air conditioning installation and transmission risks. After training, the test set is used to verify the model's accuracy, with an accuracy threshold preferably set to 0.9. If the accuracy is greater than or equal to the threshold, the model has achieved stable performance and is thus designated as an installation risk model. If the accuracy is less than the threshold, the learning rate is adjusted to optimize the model's parameter update speed, and training continues until the accuracy is greater than or equal to the threshold. Input all air conditioning installation data that differ from the standard air conditioning installation data into the installation risk model. The installation risk model will output the corresponding installation risk index based on the learned parameter relationships. The value of the installation risk index is (0,1). The higher the installation risk index, the worse the overall installation effect of the air conditioning in the public building, and the higher the corresponding risk of microbial transmission.
[0030] In some embodiments of this application, when determining the spatial ventilation type of a public building based on the verification results of door and window data of each air supply coverage area and all coverage area data, the method includes: obtaining the door and window opening area and the corresponding door and window opening method of each air supply coverage area; when there are at least two air supply coverage areas with the same air conditioning label, the door and window opening area and the corresponding door and window opening method of one of the air conditioning labels in the air supply coverage area are retained; and the spatial ventilation type of the public building is determined based on all coverage area data and all door and window opening areas and corresponding door and window opening methods.
[0031] Specifically, the spatial ventilation type of public buildings is a superposition of natural ventilation and air supply from air conditioning. For each air conditioning unit's air supply coverage area, the opening area of doors and windows (i.e., the actual size of the opened area) and the corresponding opening method within that area were collected and recorded on-site. Then, all air supply coverage areas were compared. If at least two air conditioning units had identical air supply coverage areas, it indicated that two or more air conditioners were supplying air to the same area. In this case, the door and window data for the overlapping air supply coverage areas were deduplicated, retaining only the opening area and opening method corresponding to one air conditioning unit to avoid duplicate data interfering with the analysis. Subsequently, all coverage area data were integrated with the deduplicated door and window opening areas and corresponding opening methods. By combining the door and window opening areas and corresponding opening methods, the actual impact of doors and windows on airflow was accurately captured, making the spatial ventilation type more consistent with the actual airflow situation inside the building, thus providing a basis for subsequent assessment of the internal environmental risk index.
[0032] In some embodiments of this application, when determining the spatial ventilation type of a public building based on all coverage area data, all door and window opening areas, and corresponding door and window opening methods, the method includes: simulating the airflow space of each air-conditioning unit in the corresponding air supply coverage area based on all coverage area data, all door and window opening areas, and corresponding door and window opening methods; obtaining the area ratio of the door and window opening area of the air supply coverage area to the coverage area in the coverage area data; when the area ratio of the air supply coverage area is less than the area ratio threshold, the airflow space of the air supply coverage area is determined as a closed public space; when the area ratio of the air supply coverage area is greater than or equal to the area ratio threshold, the airflow space of the air supply coverage area is determined as a non-closed public space.
[0033] In some embodiments of this application, when determining the internal environment risk index based on the number of space ventilation types, the method includes: counting the number of enclosed public spaces and the number of replacement spaces in non-enclosed public spaces, determining the sum of the number of enclosed spaces and the number of replacement spaces, and determining the ratio of the number of enclosed spaces to the sum of the numbers as the internal environment risk index.
[0034] Specifically, by analyzing all coverage area data and all door and window opening areas and corresponding door and window opening methods, CFD simulation software is used to construct a building geometric model including air conditioning equipment, doors and windows, etc., and divide it into a calculation grid. This simulates the airflow connectivity between each air supply coverage area, the guiding or blocking effect of door and window opening on airflow, the convergence and flow patterns of airflow, etc., and thus restores the specific airflow space of the air supply airflow of each air conditioner label in its corresponding air supply coverage area. The airflow space includes the starting point of the airflow, the flow direction, the diffusion range, and the interaction with the surrounding space. Calculate the ratio of the opening area of doors and windows in each air supply coverage area to the coverage area in the coverage area data. The coverage area is the actual area covered by the air conditioner as indicated by the air conditioner. If the area ratio is less than the area ratio threshold, it indicates that the opening area of doors and windows in the air supply coverage area is relatively small, and the airflow exchange with the outside or other areas is weak. The airflow space is identified as a closed public space. If the area ratio is greater than or equal to the area ratio threshold, it indicates that the opening area of doors and windows is relatively sufficient, and the airflow can be well exchanged with the outside or other areas. The airflow space is identified as a non-closed public space. By simulating the airflow space, the airflow movement state is presented intuitively, and the quantitative judgment of the area ratio is combined to ensure the accuracy of the airflow space. The total number of enclosed public spaces in all air supply coverage areas is the number of enclosed spaces, and the total number of non-enclosed public spaces is the number of replacement spaces. The size of the internal environment risk index directly reflects the proportion of enclosed public spaces in all airflow spaces. Since enclosed public spaces are prone to microbial retention and accumulation, their proportion is directly related to the degree of microbial transmission risk, thereby identifying the potential risks of microbial retention or diffusion under different airflow patterns.
[0035] In some embodiments of this application, when determining the personnel density parameter based on the design personnel density and personnel density of all air conditioner labels, and determining the population risk index based on the age composition, personnel density parameter, and percentage of influenza-like illnesses in population data, the process includes: acquiring population data during peak periods in public buildings, the population data including the population size of each age group, determining the population ratio of minors, elderly people, and centenarians in the population data to the total population, acquiring personnel density during peak periods in public buildings, determining the design personnel density of all air conditioner labels in public buildings, determining the density ratio of personnel density to design personnel density, and determining the population risk index as the product of the population ratio, density ratio, and percentage of influenza-like illnesses.
[0036] In some embodiments of this application, when determining the microbial transmission risk level based on the installation risk index, the internal environment risk index, and the population risk index, the method includes: determining the weighted sum of the installation risk index, the internal environment risk index, and the population risk index; setting a first weighted sum and a second weighted sum, wherein the first weighted sum is greater than the second weighted sum and the second weighted sum is greater than 0; when the weighted sum is greater than or equal to the first weighted sum, the microbial transmission risk level is determined to be Level 1 risk; when the weighted sum is less than the first weighted sum but greater than the second weighted sum, the microbial transmission risk level is determined to be Level 2 risk; and when the weighted sum is less than or equal to the second weighted sum, the microbial transmission risk level is determined to be Level 3 risk, with the urgency of Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 risks decreasing sequentially.
[0037] Specifically, peak hours in public buildings can be determined based on the building's function, target audience, and usage scenarios. For example, for public buildings catering to commuters / office workers (office buildings, subway transfer stations), peak hours are concentrated during weekday commuting hours, while for public buildings catering to leisure / consumption needs (shopping malls, museums), peak hours are concentrated on weekends and holidays. Population data includes the number of people in each age group, encompassing minors, youth, middle-aged, young elderly, elderly, and centenarians. The population numbers of minors, elderly, and centenarians—three vulnerable groups with relatively weak resistance to microorganisms—are extracted, and the sum of these three groups is calculated. This sum is then compared to the total population in the public building to calculate the ratio of the three vulnerable groups to the total population. This determines the design personnel density for all air conditioning units in the public building. The design personnel density is the ratio of the total number of people that the building can accommodate when all air conditioning units are running to the total area ventilated by all air conditioning units. The design personnel density can be determined according to design specifications or the air conditioning manufacturer's product instructions. The percentage of influenza-like illnesses reflects the development trend of microbial transmission. The population risk index is determined by multiplying the population ratio, density ratio and the percentage of influenza-like illnesses. The size of the population risk index comprehensively reflects the impact of the movement of susceptible people in public buildings on microbial development, and captures the human factors in population characteristics that are associated with the risk of microbial transmission. The higher the population risk index, the faster the risk of microbial transmission is aggravated. The weighted sum is the weighted total of the installation risk index, the internal environment risk index, and the population risk index. This is achieved by multiplying each index by its corresponding weight and then summing the results. Each weight has a coefficient of (0,1). If no installation risk index exists, it is set to 0. The range of the weighted sum determines the level of microbial transmission risk. This level comprehensively reflects the combined impact of air conditioning installation, ventilation conditions, and population characteristics on microbial transmission, avoiding the limitations of single-dimensional assessments. The progressive urgency of the risk is matched with the resources needed for prevention and control. A comprehensive examination of air conditioning installation locations, the building environment, and population characteristics ensures the reliability of the risk level identification.
[0038] In summary, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By dynamically determining the installation risk index based on the air conditioner type, model, installation location, and installation data; determining the internal environmental risk index by combining the air supply coverage area and spatial ventilation type; and determining the population risk index based on the age composition of the population, this invention covers multiple dimensions of transmission risk factors, avoiding the underestimation or neglect of the cumulative risk effect and ensuring the reliability of microbial transmission risk identification. Simultaneously, by using specific data to support the determination of each risk index, installation data directly correlates with installation risk, coverage area data and door / window data verify the airflow pattern, and population age composition quantifies the impact of the population on microbial transmission, reducing subjective judgment errors and ensuring the accuracy of microbial transmission risk levels. Whether the microbial transmission risk is due to improper installation, unreasonable ventilation, or population age structure, establishing a systematic microbial transmission risk identification mechanism can promptly identify potential health hazards, thereby reducing the probability of microbial transmission through air conditioning systems in public buildings.
[0039] In another preferred embodiment based on the above embodiments, see [reference] Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a system for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in public building air conditioning systems, used to apply the above-described method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in public building air conditioning systems, including: The air conditioning risk module is configured to acquire all air conditioning types and corresponding air conditioning labels in public buildings, determine the installation location of the air conditioning labels, determine the installation data of the air conditioning labels based on the installation location, and determine whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the installation data.
[0040] The internal environmental risk module is configured to determine the air supply coverage area of each air-conditioning unit in the public building, acquire coverage area data for each air supply coverage area, determine the spatial ventilation type of the public building based on the verification results of the door and window data of each air supply coverage area and all coverage area data, and determine the internal environmental risk index based on the number of spatial ventilation types.
[0041] The population risk module is configured to acquire population data and personnel density within the public building, acquire the percentage of influenza-like illness cases, determine personnel density parameters based on the design personnel density of all air-conditioned units and the personnel density, and determine a population risk index based on the age composition, personnel density parameters, and percentage of influenza-like illness cases in the population data.
[0042] The transmission risk module is configured to determine the level of microbial transmission risk based on the installation risk index, the internal environment risk index, and the population risk index.
[0043] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program goods. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program goods embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
[0044] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program goods according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.
[0045] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.
[0046] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.
[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings, characterized in that, include: Obtain all air conditioning types and corresponding air conditioning labels in public buildings, determine the installation location of the air conditioning labels, determine the installation data of the air conditioning labels based on the installation location, and determine whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the installation data; The air supply coverage area of each air conditioner in the public building is determined, and the coverage area data of each air supply coverage area is obtained. Based on the verification results of the door and window data of each air supply coverage area and all the coverage area data, the spatial ventilation type of the public building is determined, and the internal environmental risk index is determined according to the number of spatial ventilation types. Obtain population data and personnel density within the public building, and obtain the percentage of influenza-like cases. Determine personnel density parameters based on the design personnel density of all air-conditioned units and the personnel density. Determine the population risk index based on the age composition, personnel density parameters, and percentage of influenza-like cases in the population data. The risk level of microbial transmission is determined based on the installation risk index, internal environment risk index, and population risk index.
2. The method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in public building air conditioning systems according to claim 1, characterized in that, When determining the installation data of the air conditioner identifier based on the installation location, and determining whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the installation data, the process includes: The installation locations include air supply outlets, return air outlets, exhaust outlets, air handling units, air disinfection units, fresh air systems, and heat recovery units. Air conditioning installation data is determined based on the installation locations. Obtain the standard air conditioner installation data corresponding to the air conditioner identifier, compare the air conditioner installation data with the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, and determine whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the comparison results.
3. The method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in public building air conditioning systems according to claim 2, characterized in that, When comparing the air conditioner installation data with the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, and determining whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the comparison results, the following steps are included: When all the air conditioner installation data are equal to the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, it is determined that there is no installation risk or installation risk index. When the air conditioner installation data is not equal to the corresponding standard air conditioner installation data, an installation risk is identified, and an installation risk index is determined based on the installation risk model.
4. The method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in public building air conditioning systems according to claim 3, characterized in that, When determining the installation risk index based on the installation risk model, the following should be included: A random forest model is pre-selected and an installation parameter set is obtained. The installation parameter set is then divided into a training set and a test set. The random forest model is trained using the training set, and the accuracy of the trained random forest model is determined using the test set. When the accuracy is greater than or equal to the accuracy threshold, the currently trained random forest model is determined as the installation risk model. When the accuracy is less than the accuracy threshold, the learning rate of the currently trained random forest model is adjusted and training continues. The installation risk index is determined by substituting all air conditioner installation data that do not match the standard air conditioner installation data into the installation risk model.
5. The method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that, When determining the spatial ventilation type of the public building based on the verification results of door and window data for each air supply coverage area and all coverage area data, the following is included: Obtain the opening area of doors and windows and the corresponding opening method of doors and windows for each air supply coverage area. When there are at least two air supply coverage areas with the same air conditioning label, retain the opening area of doors and windows and the corresponding opening method of one of the air conditioning labels in that air supply coverage area. The spatial ventilation type of the public building is determined based on all coverage area data, all door and window opening areas, and corresponding door and window opening methods.
6. The method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings according to claim 5, characterized in that, When determining the spatial ventilation type of the public building based on all coverage area data, all door and window opening areas, and corresponding door and window opening methods, the following is included: Based on all coverage area data, as well as all door and window opening areas and corresponding door and window opening methods, the airflow of each air conditioner is simulated in the corresponding air supply coverage area. Obtain the ratio of the opening area of doors and windows in the air supply coverage area to the area of the coverage area in the coverage area data; When the area ratio of the air supply coverage area is less than the area ratio threshold, the airflow space of the air supply coverage area is defined as a closed public space. When the area ratio of the air supply coverage area is greater than or equal to the area ratio threshold, the airflow space of the air supply coverage area is defined as a non-enclosed public space.
7. The method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in public building air conditioning systems according to claim 6, characterized in that, When determining the internal environmental risk index based on the number of said space ventilation types, the following are included: The number of enclosed spaces and the number of replacement spaces in the enclosed public spaces are counted to determine the sum of the number of enclosed spaces and the number of replacement spaces. The ratio of the number of enclosed spaces to the sum of the numbers is determined as the internal environmental risk index.
8. The method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings according to claim 7, characterized in that, When determining the population density parameter based on the design personnel density of all air conditioner identifiers and the personnel density, and when determining the population risk index based on the age composition, population density parameter, and percentage of influenza-like illnesses in the population data, the following are included: Acquire population data during peak hours in public buildings, including the population size of each age group, and determine the population ratio of minors, the elderly, and centenarians in the total population. Obtain the peak personnel density in the public building, determine the design personnel density of all air-conditioned units in the public building, and determine the density ratio of the personnel density to the design personnel density; The product of the population ratio, density ratio, and percentage of influenza-like cases is determined as the population risk index.
9. The method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in air conditioning systems of public buildings according to claim 8, characterized in that, When determining the risk level of microbial transmission based on the installation risk index, internal environmental risk index, and population risk index, the following are included: Determine the weighted sum of the installation risk index, internal environment risk index, and population risk index; Set a first weighted sum and a second weighted sum, wherein the first weighted sum is greater than the second weighted sum, and the second weighted sum is greater than 0; When the weighted sum is greater than or equal to the first weighted sum, the risk level of microbial transmission is determined to be Level 1 risk. When the weighted sum is less than the first weighted sum but greater than the second weighted sum, the risk level of microbial transmission is determined to be level two. When the weighted sum is less than or equal to the second weighted sum, the risk level of microbial transmission is determined to be level three. The urgency of the risks is decreasing sequentially from Level 1 to Level 2 and Level 3.
10. A system for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in a public building air conditioning system, used to apply the method for identifying the risk of microbial transmission in a public building air conditioning system as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The air conditioning risk module is configured to acquire all air conditioning types and corresponding air conditioning labels in public buildings, determine the installation location of the air conditioning labels, determine the installation data of the air conditioning labels based on the installation location, and determine whether there is an installation risk and the installation risk index based on the installation data. The internal environment risk module is configured to determine the air supply coverage area of each air-conditioning unit in the public building, acquire coverage area data for each air supply coverage area, determine the spatial ventilation type of the public building based on the verification results of the door and window data of each air supply coverage area and all coverage area data, and determine the internal environment risk index based on the number of spatial ventilation types. The population risk module is configured to acquire population data and personnel density within the public building, acquire the percentage of influenza-like cases, determine personnel density parameters based on the design personnel density of all air conditioning units and the personnel density, and determine a population risk index based on the age composition, personnel density parameters, and percentage of influenza-like cases in the population data. The transmission risk module is configured to determine the microbial transmission risk level based on the installation risk index, the internal environment risk index, and the population risk index.