Direct irradiation type high-temperature solar thermochemistry-thermorecoupling reaction device

Abstract

The invention provides a direct irradiation type high-temperature solar thermochemistry-thermorecoupling reaction device, which is particularly suitable for solid-gas two-phase thermochemistry reaction driven by concentrated solar energy. According to the device, a high-flux solar simulator and a high-precision thermogravimetric reactor are integrally designed, and the simulator adopts a multi-lamp cooperative condensation array and is matched with a liftable integrated bearing platform, so that precise alignment and energy matching of solar illumination simulation and a reaction bed layer are realized; a reactor and a thermogravimetric balance chamber adopt a horizontal split structure, physical connection is realized through an integral quartz weighing support rod and a rigid connection assembly, and an integrated stress compensation structure with a self-adaptive adjustment function is arranged at the root of the support rod, so that internal stress caused by thermal expansion, gravity unbalance loading and airflow disturbance can be absorbed and adjusted; therefore, the stability and the measurement precision of a force conduction path are ensured. According to the device, the interference of high temperature, strong light and airflow on the precise weighing unit is effectively isolated while the dynamic flowing of the reaction atmosphere is maintained, so that the real-time, in-situ and high-precision synchronous measurement of the material mass is realized under the high-temperature dynamic reaction condition; and an integrated thermogravimetric characterization platform is provided for dynamics and mechanism research of a solar thermochemical conversion process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-temperature solar thermal collection and thermochemical utilization technology, focusing on the integrated application of solar thermal collection, high-temperature thermochemical reaction and real-time thermogravimetric measurement, specifically involving a direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric combined reaction device. Background Technology

[0002] Energy development is a crucial foundation for human socio-economic growth and technological progress. With the acceleration of industrialization, energy demand has surged, and the traditional energy structure, once dominated by coal and oil, is gradually revealing problems such as resource depletion, environmental pollution, and climate change. The world faces challenges related to energy security, resource competition, and the ecological environment, driving global exploration and innovation in renewable energy and clean technologies.

[0003] Solar energy, as a clean and pollution-free renewable energy source, boasts abundant reserves and a wide distribution, possessing significant development and utilization potential. Vigorously developing and utilizing solar energy can effectively reduce dependence on fossil fuels, decrease greenhouse gas emissions, and promote sustainable development while further enhancing energy security and independence. Therefore, solar energy is considered a clean energy source with significant application prospects and will play a crucial role in the future global energy transition. Currently, the main utilization methods of solar energy include photovoltaic power generation systems that directly convert solar radiation into electricity, solar water heating systems for heating water, and concentrated solar power (CSP) technology. Furthermore, the development of solar thermochemical conversion technology has further broadened the application fields of solar energy. Utilizing the high-temperature thermal energy provided by concentrated solar power collection to drive endothermic chemical reactions, it converts solar radiation energy and the chemical energy in reactants into the chemical energy in solar fuels, effectively improving the utilization efficiency of solar energy and replacing the traditional fuel combustion energy supply stage in industry, thus saving fuel and reducing carbon emissions. Compared to traditional photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation technologies, solar thermochemical utilization technology can achieve higher-grade energy conversion and has greater application potential.

[0004] However, due to the inherent instability and intermittent nature of solar energy, conducting experimental research under actual solar irradiation presents significant limitations, making it difficult to carry out experiments and tests on various types of controllable solar thermochemical reactions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop advanced solar thermochemical conversion reaction and testing devices to conduct in-depth theoretical and experimental research and testing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric co-processing (RTG) reactor to address the difficulty of in-situ measurement of multi-field coupling in existing technologies for solar thermochemical processes. The device couples a multi-lamp co-concentrating array with the RTG reactor, achieving precise matching of high-energy-flux solar radiation, thermochemical reactions, and thermogravimetric measurements. By combining a split-type horizontal quartz weighing support with a stress compensation device, the system effectively isolates the interference of airflow disturbances and thermal stress on the measurement system while maintaining the dynamic reaction atmosphere. This enables real-time, in-situ, and high-precision synchronous monitoring of reactant quantities under complex reaction conditions of high temperature, strong light, and dynamic atmosphere, providing an integrated, high-precision thermogravimetric analysis platform for the study of solar thermochemical conversion mechanisms and material properties.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution to solve the technical problem:

[0007] This invention provides a direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric co-processing (RTG) reactor, comprising: a high-flux solar simulator, a thermochemical reactor, a thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber, a control and data collection module, and a liftable support platform. The key feature is that the RTG reactor achieves efficient conversion of solar energy into high-grade chemical energy through precise matching, functional synergy, and data synchronization of high-energy-flux solar radiation, thermochemical reaction, and thermogravimetric measurement. Simultaneously, the RTG reactor monitors the quality changes of the reactants in real time during the solar thermochemical process to produce syngas, dynamically revealing the laws governing reactant conversion and product formation, thereby providing effective support for reaction kinetics and mechanism research.

[0008] The high-throughput solar simulator includes multiple sets of short-arc xenon lamps, an ellipsoidal concentrator, and an air cooler. The short-arc xenon lamps are rigidly connected to the concentrating reference adjustment axis. The concentrating reference adjustment axis is equipped with an electrical connection terminal base, enabling the xenon lamps to perform multi-degree-of-freedom pose adjustment around the adjustment axis as an integral optical module. This ensures that the beams of multiple xenon lamp units can be focused at the same focal point in the thermochemical reaction zone with high precision and repeatability, achieving active and controllable superposition of light energy density.

[0009] The thermochemical reactor and the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber are connected by a horizontal split mechanical connection, including a reaction chamber, a sand core reaction bed, a quartz cover plate, a steam inlet pipe, a syngas outlet pipe, a pressure gauge, a check valve, an insulation chamber, heat-insulating diaphragms and high-power heat-collecting wires, a water-cooled jacket, a tar purging device, a horizontal quartz weighing support, a weighing balance, an inert gas inlet pipe, a temperature measuring device, a primary flexible hinge, a secondary flexible hinge, and a mounting and fixing base plate. This design allows the thermal reaction module and the weighing module to be maintained independently, and the heat insulation and sealing measures effectively protect the core measuring unit, improving the overall stability and service life of the device.

[0010] The quartz glass cover is coaxially and sealed to the top of the reaction chamber, forming an optical incident window that matches the focusing reference adjustment axis. The high light transmittance ensures that the high-energy beam generated by the xenon lamp array after calibration can penetrate vertically and be focused on the surface of the sand core reaction bed.

[0011] Furthermore, the mounting plane of the sand core reaction bed is coplanar with the upper surface of the horizontal quartz weighing support rod, and its geometric center is located at the intersection of the optical axis and the axis of the horizontal quartz weighing support rod, so that the mass measurement reference plane coincides with the light irradiation surface, realizing the spatial synchronous acquisition of light, heat and mass signals.

[0012] Furthermore, the horizontal quartz weighing support rod passes through the side wall of the reaction chamber in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis and is connected by a flexible sealed bellows. Its horizontal arrangement and the vertical incident window form an orthogonal measurement structure, which avoids interfering with the light field distribution and eliminates the influence of thermogravimetric measurement on the optical path, thereby achieving high-precision in-situ quality monitoring in a dynamic atmosphere environment.

[0013] Furthermore, the horizontal quartz weighing support rod, the primary flexible hinge, and the secondary flexible hinge together constitute a stress compensation device; the support rod is fixed to the substrate structure through the secondary flexible hinge; the axes of the two hinges are arranged perpendicular to the axis of the support rod, and through stiffness matching design, the hinges can absorb axial stress through coordinated bending deformation when the support rod is subjected to thermal expansion or external load, thereby isolating the interference of external stress on the high-precision thermogravimetric sensor and ensuring the stability of mass measurement under complex working conditions.

[0014] Furthermore, the thermochemical reactor precisely focuses incident light onto the surface of the reaction bed through a quartz window, and its complete optical path is physically isolated from the high-temperature reaction area in terms of structure, forming an independent airtight partition with the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber below.

[0015] Furthermore, the liftable support platform confines high-energy light radiation and reaction heat within the reaction zone, avoiding direct thermal shock and optical interference to the precision weighing balance. This ensures high-quality thermogravimetric signal acquisition while supporting precise and controllable synchronous measurement of solar-driven high-temperature chemical reactions.

[0016] Furthermore, the tar purging device sprays an inert protective airflow through an annular outlet ring, which can form a dynamic gas film barrier on the surface of the optical window. This purges and guides the tar components generated during the reaction away from the window surface, thereby preventing tar from dripping down and contaminating the reaction bed and the balance measurement area. This avoids interference with the high-precision quality signal and ensures the accuracy of the measurement data and the long-term stable operation of the device.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in:

[0018] The present invention provides a direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device, which, compared with existing technologies, offers the following advantages:

[0019] 1. This invention integrates a high-throughput solar simulator, a thermochemical reactor, and a thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber into a single unit. Utilizing a multi-lamp coordinated concentrating array and a liftable support platform, it achieves precise spatial matching between the high-energy flux light spot and the reaction bed. This design overcomes the limitations of low light-thermal coupling efficiency and uneven irradiation in traditional thermogravimetric devices. Under simulated concentrated solar energy conditions, it constructs a high-energy-density, high-stability optical irradiation control system, providing precisely adjustable energy input for high-temperature thermochemical processes.

[0020] 2. A stress compensation device consisting of a horizontally split quartz weighing support rod and two-stage flexible hinges effectively absorbs internal stresses caused by thermal expansion, gravity offset, and airflow disturbance while maintaining continuous flow at the gas-solid reaction interface. This design solves the signal drift and measurement inaccuracy problems that easily occur in traditional vertical suspension weighing systems under high temperature, strong light, and dynamic reaction atmospheres. It enables real-time, in-situ, and high-precision synchronous monitoring of the reactant mass, providing a reliable data foundation for kinetic studies.

[0021] 3. Compared with traditional thermochemical devices that rely on electric heating, this invention achieves spatial and temporal dynamic matching between the high-energy flow light spot and the reaction area through the integrated design of a high-throughput solar simulator, a thermochemical reactor, and a thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber. This overcomes the structural limitations of low light-heat coupling efficiency and uneven irradiation in traditional thermogravimetric devices, thereby establishing a high-energy-density and high-stability optical irradiation control system under simulated concentrated solar energy conditions, providing precise and adjustable energy input for high-temperature thermochemical processes. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the short-arc xenon lamp of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the solar energy simulation principle of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the thermogravimetric balance structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the operation process of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the stress compensation device of the present invention.

[0029] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0030] A-High-throughput solar simulator, B-Thermochemical reactor, C-Thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber, D-Control and data collection module, E-Liftable support platform, 1-Short-arc xenon lamp, 2-Ellipsoidal concentrator lamp cover, 3-Air cooler, 4-Reaction chamber, 5-Sand core reaction bed, 6-Quartz cover plate, 7-Horizontal quartz weighing support rod, 8-Weighing balance, 9-Inert gas inlet pipe, 10-Water vapor inlet pipe, 11-Synthesis gas outlet pipe, 12-Pressure gauge, 13-Check valve, 14-Insulated cavity, 15-Heat insulation plate, 16-High-power heat collection wire, 17-Water-cooled jacket, 18-Tar purging device, 19-Temperature measuring device, 20-Primary flexible hinge, 21-Secondary flexible hinge, 22-Mounting and fixing base plate, 23-Concentrating reference adjustment shaft, 24-Electrical connection terminal base, 25-Concentrating solar reaction unit Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this disclosure without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0032] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0033] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] In the description of this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "length", "circumferential", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the subsystem or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure.

[0035] Throughout the accompanying drawings, identical elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or configurations have been omitted where they may cause confusion in understanding this disclosure. Furthermore, the shapes, dimensions, and positional relationships of the components in the drawings do not reflect their actual size, scale, or actual positional relationships. Additionally, any reference symbols enclosed in parentheses should not be construed as limiting this disclosure.

[0036] Similarly, to simplify this disclosure and aid in understanding one or more of the various aspects of the disclosure, in the above description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, various features of the present disclosure are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. The use of terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refers to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0037] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this disclosure, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0038] This disclosure provides a direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric co-processing reactor, employing an integrated design of a thermochemical reactor and thermogravimetric analysis. It is used for testing experiments on solar-driven thermochemical reactions such as the pyrolysis and gasification of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The reactor simultaneously performs thermochemical studies and monitors mass changes during the reaction process, revealing the photothermal conversion laws of solar thermochemical reactions. The direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric co-processing reactor provided in the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to specific accompanying drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic block diagram of a direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction apparatus provided according to embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, this direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric co-processing reactor may, for example, include a high-throughput solar simulator A, a thermochemical reactor B, a thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber C, a control and data collection module D, and a liftable support platform E. Specifically:

[0041] The high-throughput solar simulator A is used to simulate concentrated solar energy and inject high-energy solar energy into the thermochemical reactor B to drive the thermochemical reaction.

[0042] The thermochemical reactor B serves as the site for chemical reactions, utilizing the heat provided by high-flux solar rays to carry out a thermochemical reforming reaction between steam and solid hydrocarbon fuels at high temperatures to produce syngas.

[0043] The thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber C is used to monitor the change of reactant mass over time during the thermochemical reaction process in real time, and transmits the measurement data to the control and data collection module D for recording.

[0044] The control and data collection module D is used to control the auxiliary electric heating temperature and heating rate, the flow rate of the reaction gas and the start and stop of the cooling system, and to collect and record the temperature and mass data of the reaction process.

[0045] The liftable support platform E is used to support the main structure of the reactor, such as the thermochemical reactor B and the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber C, and its height can be adjusted.

[0046] The high-throughput solar simulator A can be composed of multiple short-arc xenon lamps 1, ellipsoidal concentrator lamp covers 2 and air coolers 3, used to generate high-energy flux density radiation light and inject it into the thermochemical reactor B to drive the thermochemical reaction; the focusing reference adjustment shaft (23) is rigidly connected to the lamp body of the short-arc xenon lamp (1) and coincides with the xenon lamp light axis, forming an independently adjustable optical module. The focusing reference adjustment shaft (23) is provided with an electrical connection terminal base (24) at the port, which can realize precise control of light spot focusing.

[0047] The short-arc xenon lamp 1 is used to simulate a full-spectrum solar light source, providing a stable light output for the reaction, and its power is adjusted according to the heat demand of the reaction; the ellipsoidal concentrator lamp cover 2 is used to focus the light emitted by the short-arc xenon lamp 1, adjust the light output direction, and direct the high-energy stream of light formed by the focusing onto the thermochemical reactor B; the air cooler 3 is used to cool the short-arc xenon lamp 1, ensuring that the light source operates at a safe temperature and extending the life of the light source.

[0048] The thermochemical reactor B may include a reaction chamber 4 and a sand core reaction bed 5. The reaction chamber 4 receives the vaporizing agent required for the reaction, and the vaporizing agent, such as water vapor, can fully contact the reactants through the sand core bed. The reaction chamber 4 is equipped with a syngas outlet pipe 11 for outputting the syngas produced in the reaction. The syngas outlet pipe 11 is equipped with a pressure gauge 12 and a check valve 13. The pressure gauge 12 monitors the pressure in the reaction chamber 4 to ensure it remains within a safe range, and the check valve 13 ensures unidirectional gas flow and prevents backflow due to pressure drop in the reaction chamber 4. The sand core reaction bed 5 is located on a quartz weighing support rod 7, which is horizontally positioned inside the reaction chamber 4 and the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber C. The quartz weighing support rod 7 supports the sand core reaction bed 5 and transmits the mass changes of the reactants in the bed to the weighing balance 8 in real time.

[0049] The thermochemical reactor B may also include, for example, a quartz cover plate 6 covering the opening of the reaction chamber 4, made of quartz glass, for allowing the high-energy solar radiation to enter the reaction chamber 4 and sealing the reaction chamber 4; the quartz cover plate 6 and the reaction chamber 4 are sealed together by a water-cooled jacket 17 for cooling the quartz cover plate 6, forming a sealed cooling structure. A tar purging device 18 is provided on the inner wall of the quartz cover plate 6 for facilitating the flow of high-speed inert gas, forming a stable gas film and vortex zone, and isolating the tar from the quartz glass plate.

[0050] The quartz weighing support rod 7 is made of high-purity quartz glass with a low coefficient of thermal expansion, excellent high-temperature stability, and high chemical inertness. Designed as an integral rigid component, the quartz weighing support rod 7 directly supports the sand core reaction bed above, enabling high-precision mass measurement. This ensures that the force transmission path from the reactants to the weighing balance is the shortest, most direct, and most rigid, minimizing energy loss and signal interference during force transmission.

[0051] The thermochemical reactor B may also include, for example, an insulated cavity 14 and heat-insulating baffles 15. The insulated cavity 14, located around the reaction chamber 4, is made of vacuum-formed high-purity alumina lightweight material and is used to reduce heat loss during the reaction process. The heat-insulating baffles 15 are located at both ends of the tubular structure of the reaction chamber 4 to prevent heat loss to both sides. A high-power heat-collecting wire 16 is arranged at the lower part of the insulated cavity 14 to create the initial temperature environment required for the thermochemical reaction, such as for auxiliary heating to maintain water vapor in a gaseous state, and to meet the functions of conventional electric heating experiments.

[0052] The thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber C includes a weighing balance 8, a temperature measuring device 19, and an inert gas inlet pipe 9, wherein the weighing balance 8 has a measurement accuracy of 10. -4 g is used to monitor the mass change data of the reaction raw materials in the sand core reaction bed 5 in real time during the reaction process, and transmit the mass change data to the control and data collection module D. The inert gas inlet pipe 9 is used to maintain the inert atmosphere in the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber C and protect the weighing balance 8 from contamination. The temperature measuring device 19 is composed of multiple thermocouples and is located at the focal point of the high-energy flow solar rays and inside the reaction chamber 4. It is used to monitor the temperature distribution at the focal point of the high-energy flow solar rays and inside the reaction chamber 4 in real time.

[0053] The thermochemical reactor B and the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber C are placed horizontally in a separate manner, and the connection is insulated with foam ceramic material for heat protection.

[0054] The control and data collection module D is used for electric heating control, mass and temperature data acquisition, cooling control, and gas control. It is connected to the thermochemical reactor B and the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber C by a flexible data line for integrated control of individual components. This is used to exclude human control error factors from the main structure of the reactor and eliminate the influence of human control on the accuracy of experimental measurement data.

[0055] The liftable support platform E can support the thermochemical reactor B and the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber C, and adjust the overall height of the reactor main structure to ensure that the high-energy inrush light rays are effectively focused in the central area of ​​the sand core reaction bed 5.

[0056] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this disclosure. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device, characterized in that, The system comprises: a high-throughput solar simulator (A), a thermochemical reactor (B), a thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber (C), a control and data acquisition module (D), and a liftable support platform (E), wherein: The high-throughput solar simulator (A) includes multiple sets of short-arc xenon lamps (1), an ellipsoidal concentrator lamp cover (2), and an air cooler (3); the multiple sets of short-arc xenon lamps are arranged in a symmetrical array. The thermochemical reactor (B) includes a reaction chamber (4), a sand core reaction bed (5), a quartz cover plate (6), a steam inlet pipe (10), a syngas outlet pipe (11), a pressure gauge (12), a check valve (13), an insulation cavity (14), a heat-insulating diaphragm (15), a high-power heat-collecting wire (16), a water-cooled jacket (17), and a tar purging device (18). The thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber (C) includes a horizontal quartz weighing support (7), a weighing balance (8), an inert gas inlet pipe (9), a temperature measuring device (19), a primary flexible hinge (20), a secondary flexible hinge (21), and a mounting base plate (22). The primary flexible hinge (20), the secondary flexible hinge (21), and the mounting base plate (22) constitute a balance stress compensation device. The primary flexible hinge (20) provides elastic deformation in the horizontal direction to absorb the transverse stress caused by thermal expansion, and the secondary flexible hinge (21) further achieves multi-degree-of-freedom decoupling in the axial and radial directions. This ensures the rigidity of the force transmission in the vertical direction while effectively isolating the non-axial force interference caused by temperature changes, airflow disturbances, and mechanical vibrations, thus ensuring the stability and accuracy of the weighing balance (8) measurement signal.

2. The direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short-arc xenon lamp (1) serves as a high-brightness point light source, providing high-energy radiation that simulates the solar spectrum. The focusing reference adjustment axis (23) is rigidly connected to the lamp body of the short-arc xenon lamp (1) and coincides with the xenon lamp's optical axis, forming an independently adjustable optical module. The ellipsoidal focusing lamp cover (2) is fitted around the short-arc xenon lamp (1), and its inner surface is coated with a high-reflectivity coating, used to reflect and focus the light emitted by the xenon lamp source in an ellipsoidal geometric optical manner. The short-arc xenon lamp (1) and the focusing lamp cover (2) can be adjusted in multiple degrees of freedom around their optical axis through the focusing reference adjustment axis (23), enabling the beam of the optical module to be calibrated with high precision, and allowing the focused light spots to spatially overlap in the predetermined thermochemical reaction zone in the direction of solar heat collection, forming a high-energy-density superimposed light spot, thereby completely reproducing the core optical characteristics and energy flow distribution of a real solar concentrating heat collection system.

3. The direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quartz glass cover plate (6) is coaxially sealed to the top of the reaction chamber (4), forming a vertical incident window that is optically matched with the focusing reference adjustment axis (23). Its high light transmittance ensures that the high-energy beam of the xenon lamp array after being calibrated by the focusing reference adjustment axis is focused on the surface of the sand core reaction bed (5) without damage. The outer diameter of the sand core reaction bed (5) matches the diameter of the light spot after being calibrated and converged by the focusing reference adjustment axis (23). Its geometric center is located at the intersection of the optical axis and the axis of the horizontal quartz weighing support rod (7), ensuring that the high-energy beam vertically covers the entire reaction area.

4. The direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting plane of the sand core reaction bed (5) is coplanar with the upper surface of the horizontal quartz weighing support rod (7) to ensure that the reference plane for mass measurement coincides with the surface of light irradiation, thereby realizing the spatial synchronous acquisition of light-heat-mass signals. The horizontal quartz weighing support rod (7) penetrates the side wall of the reaction chamber in an orientation perpendicular to the optical axis and is connected to the inner wall of the reaction chamber (4) through a flexible sealed bellows. The horizontal arrangement of the support rod and the vertical incidence of the optical window form an orthogonal measurement structure, which avoids interference with the optical path distribution and eliminates the interference of thermogravimetric measurement on the optical field distribution.

5. The direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stress compensation device includes a horizontal quartz weighing support rod (7), a primary flexible hinge (20), and a secondary flexible hinge (21) connected sequentially along the horizontal direction. The secondary flexible hinge (21) is mounted on a fixed base plate (22). The hinge axes of the primary flexible hinge (20) and the secondary flexible hinge (21) are both perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal quartz weighing support rod (7). The bending stiffness of the two flexible hinges is matched so that when the horizontal quartz weighing support rod (7) undergoes axial thermal expansion or is subjected to external force, the axial stress generated by it is absorbed by the synergistic bending deformation of the two flexible hinges, thereby isolating the external stress from interfering with the high-precision thermogravimetric sensor.

6. The direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the sand core reaction bed (5) is provided with a steam inlet pipe (10) to continuously input the gasifying agent required for the reaction into the reaction chamber (4) using an inert gas carrier; the reaction chamber (4) is provided with a syngas outlet pipe (11) to output the syngas generated by the reaction; the syngas outlet pipe (11) is provided with a pressure gauge (12) and a check valve (13). The pressure gauge (12) is used to monitor the pressure of the reaction process in the reaction chamber (4) within a safe range; the check valve (13) is used to ensure that the gas flows out in one direction and eliminate the backflow phenomenon caused by the pressure drop in the reaction chamber (4).

7. The direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heat-insulating cavity (14) is located around the reaction chamber (4) and is made of vacuum-formed high-purity alumina lightweight material to reduce heat loss during the reaction process. The heat-insulating diaphragm (15) is located at both ends of the tubular structure of the reaction chamber (4) to block heat loss to both sides. The heat-insulating cavity (14) is equipped with a high-power heat-collecting wire (16) to assist in heating and maintain water vapor in a gaseous state. The quartz cover plate (6) is sealed to the reaction chamber (4) by a water-cooled jacket (17) to cool the quartz cover plate (6). The inner wall of the quartz cover plate (6) is provided with a tar blowing device (18) to circulate high-speed inert airflow, form a stable gas film and vortex zone, and isolate the tar from the quartz glass plate.

8. The direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermochemical reactor (B) and the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber (C) are horizontally placed in a separate configuration, and the connection is insulated with foam ceramic material for heat protection; the weighing balance (8) has a measurement accuracy of 10. -4 g, and transmits the qualitative change data to the control and data collection module (D); the inert gas inlet pipe (9) is used to maintain the inert atmosphere of the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber (C) and protect the weighing balance (8) from contamination.

9. The direct-irradiation high-temperature solar thermochemical-thermogravimetric reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control and data collection module (D) is used for electric heating control, mass and temperature data acquisition, cooling control and gas control, and is connected to the thermochemical reactor (B) and the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber (C) by a flexible data cable; the liftable support platform (E) can support the main structure of the reactor, such as the thermochemical reactor (B) and the thermogravimetric reactor balance chamber (C), and adjust the overall height to ensure that the high-energy inrush light rays are effectively focused in the central area of ​​the sand core reaction bed (5).

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