Tool clamp applied to turbine blade

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a work fixture applied to turbine blades, which is characterized by comprising a support plate, a clamping structure, a support device and a positioning replacement block group, the supporting device comprises a driving part, a propelling device and a supporting execution part; the positioning replacement block group comprises a supporting part and a positioning block group, and the positioning block is provided with a positioning point; the positioning blocks are attached to the turbine blade through the positioning points; the positioning blocks in the positioning block group can be detached and replaced; the clamping structure comprises a clamping block, and the clamping block clamps the turbine blade. According to the implementation mode, the distribution of the positioning points can be adjusted according to the curved surface of the blade, the stability of the clamped blade is improved, the problem of machining size errors is reduced, the blade clamping device can adapt to blades with different shapes and contours, the situation of side inclination during machining is reduced, the machining precision is improved, and the time consumed for switching machining models can be shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments disclosed herein relate to the field of turbine blade fixtures, and more specifically to tooling fixtures applied to turbine blades. Background Technology

[0002] In turbine blade manufacturing and maintenance, particularly in scenarios involving the batch production or maintenance of multiple turbine blade models using shared tooling, turbine blade tooling fixtures have become crucial for improving machining accuracy and speed. However, traditional turbine blade tooling fixtures often employ a single, fixed positioning structure, leading to cumbersome disassembly and assembly when adapting to different blade models, easy misalignment of the positioning reference, and damage to the fixture's positioning accuracy reference surface from repeated replacements of the adapter components. This makes them unsuitable for the rapid clamping and positioning of blades with varying profiles, and hinders the convenient switching of positioning specifications to accommodate diverse machining tasks. Therefore, a turbine blade tooling fixture is needed that allows for rapid disassembly and assembly of the positioning components, ensures the positional accuracy and structural stability of the positioning components after installation, and prevents damage to the fixture and blade positioning reference during repeated disassembly and assembly. Currently, traditional turbine blade tooling fixtures rely on a single-specification positioning module coupled with a bolt-locking structure.

[0003] However, in practice, it has been found that the following technical problems often arise when using traditional turbine blade tooling fixtures: Because the positioning points of traditional tooling fixtures are fixed and cannot be optimized, the distribution of positioning points cannot be adjusted according to the curvature of the blade surface. This results in a loose fit between the positioning points and the blade, leaving gaps. Consequently, the positioning datum is unstable after the blade is clamped, making it prone to displacement during machining and leading to dimensional errors. Furthermore, the positioning structure of traditional tooling fixtures is a one-piece fixed design, which cannot adapt to turbine blades with different shapes. This necessitates setting up separate tooling fixtures for each blade model, requiring a complete fixture replacement when switching machining models, which is time-consuming. Additionally, the support device of traditional tooling fixtures can only provide single fixed support and lacks a coordinated adaptation design. It cannot synchronously adjust the support posture and force according to the switching of positioning components, causing misalignment between the support force and the positioning datum. This results in unbalanced force after the blade is clamped, making it prone to tilting during machining and affecting machining accuracy.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of the inventive concept, and therefore may contain information that does not form prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The summary portion of this disclosure is intended to provide a brief overview of the concepts, which will be described in detail in the detailed description portion. This summary portion is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed technical solutions, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed technical solutions.

[0006] Some embodiments of this disclosure provide a tooling fixture for turbine blades to solve one or more of the technical problems mentioned in the background section above.

[0007] In a first aspect, some embodiments of this disclosure provide a tooling fixture for turbine blades. The tooling fixture includes a support plate, a clamping structure, a support device, and a positioning replacement block assembly. The clamping structure, the support device, and the positioning replacement block assembly are all mounted on the support plate. The support device includes a drive component, a propulsion device, and a support execution component. The drive component drives the propulsion device to move, thereby driving the lifting and lowering of the support execution component to support and position the turbine blade. The positioning replacement block assembly includes a support portion and a positioning block assembly. The positioning block assembly includes at least one positioning block, and each positioning block in the positioning block assembly is provided with at least one positioning point. Each positioning block is engaged with the turbine blade through the at least one positioning point to achieve positioning and fixing of the turbine blade. The positioning blocks in the positioning block assembly are detachable and replaceable to position and fix different turbine blades. The clamping structure includes at least one clamping block, which clamps the turbine blade. The clamping structure clamps the turbine blade, and the positioning replacement block assembly fixes the turbine blade to complete the clamping and positioning.

[0008] Optionally, the support plate is made of high-strength alloy material and has threaded mounting holes.

[0009] Optionally, the clamping structure, the support device, and the positioning replacement block assembly are all mounted on the support plate through the threaded mounting holes.

[0010] Optionally, the aforementioned driving component is a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric push rod, and the aforementioned propulsion device includes a piston rod and a connecting seat.

[0011] Optionally, one end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive component, and the other end of the piston rod is detachably connected to the support and actuation component via the connecting seat.

[0012] Optionally, the tooling fixture may further include a reference block, which is used to determine the reference position of the turbine blade.

[0013] Optionally, each of the at least one clamping block is provided with an arc-shaped contact surface, which is adapted to the machined surface of the turbine blade.

[0014] Optionally, the support portion is a square fixing block; one side of the support portion is fixedly connected to the support plate by bolts, and the other side of the support portion is a planar structure; the positioning point is a spherical protrusion structure, the positioning point and the positioning block are integrally formed, and the surface of the positioning point is provided with a wear-resistant layer, the thickness of the wear-resistant layer being 0.5~2mm; the support plate is fixedly mounted on the machine tool, and the clamping structure is used to clamp the turbine blade; the support device is located on the lower side of the turbine blade, and the positioning block in the positioning block group is connected to the support portion by quick-change bolts; the support execution component, the positioning replacement block group, and the clamping structure form a three-dimensional support positioning structure; the side of the support execution component that contacts the turbine blade is provided with a flexible material bonding surface, and the flexible material bonding surface fits against the non-machined surface of the turbine blade to adapt to the surface contour of the turbine blade.

[0015] Optionally, the aforementioned tooling fixture further includes a reference locating pin assembly, which includes a locating pin and a resilient reset member. The locating pin is fixed to the support plate and is used to mate with the reference hole of the turbine blade. The outer diameter of the locating pin is in clearance fit with the inner diameter of the reference hole of the turbine blade, and the clearance fit ranges from 0.01 to 0.03 mm. The resilient reset member is a compression spring, which is sleeved on the locating pin. One side of the resilient reset member is fixedly connected to the support plate, and the other side of the resilient reset member abuts against the limiting component of the locating pin. The positioning component is an annular limiting retaining ring, and the positioning pin has an annular retaining ring groove, in which the limiting component is engaged. One side of the positioning pin (the side not connected to the support plate) is a tapered guide structure with a taper of 1:10 and a length range of 5-8 mm. The piston rod's extension stroke is adapted to the length of the tapered guide structure, and the piston rod's extension stroke range is 5-10 mm. The driving component and the elastic reset component work together to position the positioning pin.

[0016] Optionally, the aforementioned tooling fixture further includes a load buffer support; the load buffer support is disposed between the aforementioned support actuator and the aforementioned support plate, and the load buffer support includes a fixed base, a buffer column, and a buffer spring; the fixed base is fixedly connected to the aforementioned support plate, and a stepped mounting hole is formed on the top surface of the fixed base; the stepped mounting hole is divided into a first diameter section and a second diameter section, the diameter of the first diameter section being larger than the diameter of the second diameter section; the buffer spring is embedded inside the second diameter section and the first diameter section, the buffer column is disposed inside the first diameter section, and there is a clearance fit between the buffer column and the side wall of the first diameter section, the clearance fit range being 0.02~0.04mm; the buffer... The side of the column facing the buffer spring abuts against one side of the buffer spring, and the other side of the buffer spring abuts against the bottom of the stepped mounting hole; an annular limiting boss is provided on the side of the buffer column that abuts against the buffer spring, and the annular limiting boss is embedded in the second diameter section; the annular limiting boss slides axially with the inner wall of the second diameter section, and the sliding stroke range is 2~5mm; the end of the buffer column away from the buffer spring is detachably connected to the support actuator through a flange structure; a threaded through hole is opened on the side wall of the fixed base, and an adjusting bolt is screwed into the threaded through hole; one end of the adjusting bolt extends into the second diameter section and abuts against the end of the buffer spring away from the buffer column.

[0017] Optionally, the aforementioned tooling fixture further includes an adjustable side positioning support; the adjustable side positioning support is disposed on one side of the aforementioned positioning replacement block assembly, and the adjustable side positioning support and the aforementioned positioning replacement block assembly are positioned together; the adjustable side positioning support includes a support body, an adjusting screw, and a positioning pressure head; the bottom of the support body is fixedly connected to the aforementioned support plate through a mounting hole, and the side wall of the support body is provided with reinforcing ribs, the reinforcing ribs being integrally formed with the support body; the adjusting screw is threadedly engaged with the mounting hole of the support body, one side of the adjusting screw is connected to the aforementioned positioning pressure head through the aforementioned support body, and the other side of the adjusting screw is provided with an anti-slip handwheel structure. The aforementioned positioning pressure head is a detachable structure, and is connected to the end of the aforementioned adjusting screw via a bearing; a polyurethane protective liner is detachably installed on the arc-shaped working surface of the aforementioned positioning pressure head; a bearing is provided between the aforementioned positioning pressure head and the aforementioned adjusting screw, the inner ring of the aforementioned bearing being interference-fitted with the aforementioned adjusting screw, and the outer ring of the aforementioned bearing being clearance-fitted with the bearing seat of the aforementioned positioning pressure head; the aforementioned adjusting screw is provided with a scale marking, the accuracy of the aforementioned scale marking is 0.1mm, and the adjustment stroke range of the aforementioned adjusting screw is 0~50mm; a locking nut is also provided on the side of the aforementioned support body near the aforementioned anti-slip handwheel structure, and the aforementioned locking nut is threadedly engaged with the aforementioned adjusting screw for fixation.

[0018] The above embodiments of this disclosure have the following beneficial effects: Through a tooling fixture applied to turbine blades according to some embodiments of this disclosure, the distribution of positioning points can be adjusted according to the blade surface, improving the stability of the blade after clamping, reducing the problem of machining dimensional errors, adapting to blades with different outlines, reducing the occurrence of tilting during machining, improving machining accuracy, and shortening the time spent switching machining models. Specifically, the reasons for the numerous technical problems with existing tooling fixtures are as follows: Traditional tooling fixtures have fixed and non-optimizable positioning points, making it impossible to adjust the distribution of positioning points according to the curvature of the blade surface. This results in loose contact between the positioning points and the blade, creating gaps and causing instability in the positioning datum after blade clamping. This leads to displacement during machining, resulting in dimensional errors. Furthermore, the integrated fixed positioning structure of traditional tooling fixtures cannot adapt to turbine blades with different profiles, requiring separate tooling fixtures for each blade type. Switching between machining types necessitates replacing the entire fixture, which is time-consuming. Finally, the support devices of traditional tooling fixtures only provide single fixed support, lacking a coordinated and adaptable design. They cannot synchronously adjust the support posture and force according to the switching of positioning components, causing misalignment between the support force and the positioning datum. This results in unbalanced forces after blade clamping, making it prone to tilting during machining and affecting machining accuracy. Based on this, some embodiments of this disclosure provide a tooling fixture for turbine blades. The tooling fixture includes a support plate, a clamping structure, a support device, and a positioning replacement block assembly. The clamping structure, the support device, and the positioning replacement block assembly are all mounted on the support plate. The support device includes a drive component, a propulsion device, and a support execution component. The drive component drives the propulsion device to move, thereby driving the lifting and lowering of the support execution component to support and position the turbine blade. The positioning replacement block assembly includes a support portion and a positioning block assembly. The positioning block assembly includes at least one positioning block, and each positioning block in the positioning block assembly is provided with at least one positioning point. The positioning blocks are all in contact with the turbine blade through the at least one positioning point to achieve positioning and fixing of the turbine blade. The positioning blocks in the positioning block assembly are detachable and replaceable to position and fix different turbine blades. The clamping structure includes at least one clamping block, which clamps the turbine blade. The clamping structure clamps the turbine blade, and the positioning replacement block assembly fixes the turbine blade to complete the clamping and positioning. Because the aforementioned tooling fixture uses positioning replacement blocks for positioning, the distribution of positioning points can be adjusted according to the blade's curved surface, improving the stability of the blade after clamping and reducing dimensional errors during machining. Furthermore, since each blade model has a corresponding positioning replacement block, switching machining models only requires adapting the appropriate positioning replacement block to the different blade models. This shortens the time required for switching machining models and allows for adaptation to blades with different shapes and contours.The synergistic effect of the positioning replacement block and the support device reduces the occurrence of tilting during processing and improves processing accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling fixture according to some embodiments of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the support device for the tooling fixture according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While some embodiments of this disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of this disclosure. It should be understood that the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0022] It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0023] It should be noted that the concepts of "first" and "second" mentioned in this disclosure are used only to distinguish different devices, modules or components, and are not used to limit the order of the functions performed by these devices, modules or components or their interdependencies.

[0024] It should be noted that the terms "a" and "a plurality of" used in this disclosure are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art should understand that, unless otherwise expressly indicated in the context, they should be understood as "one or more".

[0025] The names of messages or information exchanged between multiple devices in the embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of such messages or information.

[0026] This disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling fixture according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 1 It may include a support plate 1, a positioning and replacement block group 2, a support device 3, and a clamping structure 4.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the support device for the tooling fixture according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 It may include a drive component 5, a propulsion device 6, and a support and execution component 7.

[0029] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the aforementioned tooling fixture may include a support plate 1, a clamping structure 4, a support device 3, and a positioning replacement block assembly 2. The support plate 1 provides a stable support platform for components mounted on it and can be loaded onto a machine tool. For example, the support plate 1 may be integrally machined from a steel plate. The support device 3 provides vertical support force to the blades, offsetting the impact of machining cuts on the blades. The positioning replacement block assembly 2 limits the horizontal degree of freedom of the blades and can be replaced to adapt to the positioning requirements of different blade models.

[0030] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the clamping structure 4, the support device 3, and the positioning replacement block assembly 2 can all be installed on the support plate 1. The clamping structure 4, the support device 3, and the positioning replacement block assembly 2 can all be bolted to the support plate 1. One end of the clamping structure 4 can be bolted to the support plate 1, and the other end is a square block that conforms to the contour of the turbine blade. The clamping structure 4 can apply a clamping force to the turbine blade, forming a positioning constraint with the positioning replacement block assembly 2 and the support device 3, preventing displacement or vibration during blade processing. The clamping structure 4, the support device 3, and the positioning replacement block assembly 2 can all be made of steel.

[0031] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the aforementioned support device 3 may include a drive component 5, a propulsion device 6, and a support execution component 7.

[0032] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the drive component 5 drives the propulsion device 6 to move, thereby driving the support execution component 7 to rise and fall, in order to support and position the turbine blades. For example, when the shape of the turbine blades cannot contact the support plate 1, the support execution component 7 is driven to rise to achieve vertical support for the turbine blades.

[0033] In some embodiments, the aforementioned positioning replacement block group 2 may include a support group and a positioning block group. The positioning block group includes at least one positioning block, and each positioning block in the positioning block group is provided with at least one positioning point. It should be noted that the number of positioning points is not specifically limited and can be adjusted according to actual needs. The positioning block may be a square block that is fixed to fit the profile of the turbine blade. The positioning point may characterize the contact point between the positioning block and the turbine blade. Thus, the positioning blocks in the positioning block group can fix the position of the turbine blade. The support in the support group and the positioning blocks in the positioning block group may correspond one-to-one. One support in the support group is connected to one positioning block in the positioning block group.

[0034] In some embodiments, the aforementioned positioning blocks can be attached to the turbine blades via at least one positioning point to achieve positioning and fixing of the turbine blades. The positioning points can improve the accuracy of the positioning reference and reduce stress concentration caused by large-area contact.

[0035] In some embodiments, the positioning blocks within the aforementioned positioning block group are detachable and replaceable to fix the positioning of different turbine blades. Therefore, the positioning blocks can be disassembled and replaced according to the shape of the turbine blades for adaptation.

[0036] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the clamping structure 4 may include at least one clamping block. The at least one clamping block clamps the turbine blade. The at least one clamping block clamps the turbine blade, and the positioning replacement block group 2 fixes the turbine blade to complete the clamping and positioning. It should be noted that the number of clamping blocks is not specifically limited and can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, the number of clamping blocks can be four. The shape of the clamping blocks is not limited and can be set according to actual needs, as long as it matches the shape of the turbine blade. In use, when it is necessary to install or remove the turbine blade, the clamping blocks can be lifted; when it is necessary to fix the placed turbine blade, the clamping blocks must be lowered to fit against the turbine blade, thereby fixing the turbine blade.

[0037] Optionally, the support plate 1 can be made of a high-strength alloy material, and the support plate 1 is provided with threaded mounting holes. The high-strength alloy material can be one that provides effective support and is not easily deformed. For example, the high-strength alloy material can be 40Cr alloy structural steel.

[0038] Optionally, the clamping structure 4, the support device 3, and the positioning replacement block group 2 can all be installed on the support plate 1 through the threaded mounting holes.

[0039] Optionally, the drive component 5 can be a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric push rod, and the propulsion device 6 includes a piston rod and a connecting seat.

[0040] Optionally, one end of the piston rod can be fixedly connected to the output end of the drive component 5, and the other end of the piston rod can be detachably connected to the support actuator 7 via the connecting seat. The fixed connection can be a hinged connection using a pin and snap ring. The detachable connection can be a quick-connect coupling. The input end of the drive component 5 is mounted on the support plate 1 via the threaded mounting hole.

[0041] Optionally, the aforementioned tooling fixture may further include a reference block, which is used to determine the reference position of the turbine blade. The reference block may be a square block made of high-strength alloy material and milled. The reference position characterizes the reference position used for positioning the turbine blade. After the turbine blade is installed, the accuracy of the installed turbine blade can be determined by checking the relative position between the installed turbine blade and the reference position. Here, the installation position of the reference block is not limited and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0042] Optionally, each of the at least one clamping block may be provided with an arc-shaped contact surface, which is adapted to the machined surface of the turbine blade. The arc-shaped contact surface may be in contact with the curved surface of the blade. The machined surface may be a part of the turbine blade that requires cutting, grinding, polishing, or other processing.

[0043] Optionally, the support portion in the aforementioned support assembly can be a square fixing block. One side of the support portion can be fixedly connected to the support plate 1 by bolts, and the other side of the support portion is a planar structure. The positioning point can be a spherical protrusion structure, and the positioning point and the positioning block can be integrally formed. The surface of the positioning point is provided with a wear-resistant layer, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer ranges from 0.5 to 2 mm. The support plate 1 can be fixedly mounted on a machine tool, and the clamping structure 4 is used to clamp the turbine blade. The support device 3 can be disposed on the lower side of the turbine blade, and the positioning block in the positioning block assembly is connected to the support portion by quick-change bolts. The support execution component 7, the positioning replacement block assembly 2, and the clamping structure 4 can form a three-dimensional support positioning structure. The side of the support execution component 7 that contacts the turbine blade can be provided with a flexible material bonding surface, which fits against the non-machined surface of the turbine blade to adapt to the surface contour of the turbine blade. The planar structure can be used to fit and abut against the bottom plane of the positioning block assembly. The material of the wear-resistant layer can be titanium nitride. The aforementioned wear-resistant layer can be used to reduce wear on the locating point surface and maintain the accuracy of the aforementioned spherical protrusion structure. The aforementioned machine tool can be a CNC milling machine. The aforementioned three-dimensional support and positioning structure can be used to limit the position of the turbine blades, reduce radial, axial, and circumferential forces generated during cutting, and reduce blade displacement or vibration. The aforementioned non-machined surfaces can be parts of the turbine blades that do not require precision machining such as cutting or polishing. One side of the aforementioned support portion can be bolted to the aforementioned support plate 1 through threaded mounting holes provided on the aforementioned support plate 1.

[0044] In addressing the technical problems mentioned above, and considering the application scenario of batch processing of multiple turbine blade models in a factory workshop, different turbine blade models require matching with different specifications of positioning references. The high frequency of blade assembly and disassembly often leads to the following technical problem: Traditional positioning pin structures used in turbine blade tooling fixtures are mostly rigidly fixed designs, meaning they can only be matched with a single specification of blade reference hole. They cannot flexibly adjust the positioning gap according to the dimensional deviations of the reference holes for different blade models, resulting in a limited positioning adaptability range and inaccurate matching of positioning references when processing blades of different specifications. Furthermore, the positioning pins currently used in turbine blade tooling fixtures lack elastic buffering and automatic reset functions, causing hard contact between the positioning pin and the blade reference hole, which can easily damage the hole wall. Moreover, after blade assembly and disassembly, the positioning pin cannot quickly reset to its initial positioning position, resulting in inaccurate blade clamping and positioning. To address the following requirements for this application scenario: adaptability to different specifications of blade reference holes, elastic buffering protection of the blade reference hole, and rapid positioning pin reset, we have decided to adopt the following solution: Optionally, the aforementioned tooling fixture may further include a reference locating pin assembly, which includes a locating pin and a resilient reset member. The locating pin is fixed to the support plate and is used for fitting and assembling with the reference hole of the turbine blade. The outer diameter of the locating pin and the inner diameter of the reference hole of the turbine blade can be in clearance fit, with a clearance fit range of 0.01~0.03mm. The resilient reset member can be a compression spring, which is sleeved on the locating pin. One side of the resilient reset member can be fixedly connected to the support plate, and the other side of the resilient reset member abuts against the limiting component of the locating pin. The limiting component can be an annular limiting retaining ring, and the locating pin can have an annular retaining spring groove, into which the limiting component can be engaged. One side of the locating pin can be a tapered guide structure with a taper of 1:10 and a length range of 5~8mm. One side of the aforementioned locating pin can be the side not connected to the aforementioned support plate; the extension and retraction stroke of the aforementioned piston rod can be adapted to the length of the aforementioned tapered guide structure, and the extension and retraction stroke range of the aforementioned piston rod can be 5~10mm. The aforementioned drive component 5 and the aforementioned elastic reset component work together to achieve the positioning of the aforementioned locating pin. The aforementioned clearance fit range can be adjusted according to the accuracy and processing requirements of the blade reference hole. Here, the aforementioned clearance fit range is not specifically limited and may be adjusted according to actual needs. The aforementioned fixed connection can be a welded fixed connection. The aforementioned reference hole can be a pre-set process reference hole on the turbine blade, used to determine the reference hole of the aforementioned turbine blade position. The aforementioned taper can take into account both the smoothness of guidance and the improvement of positioning accuracy. The aforementioned length range can be adapted to blade reference holes of different depths. The extension and retraction stroke range of the aforementioned piston rod can achieve precise retraction and extension of the locating pin. When extended, the aforementioned tapered guide structure passes through the reference hole to complete the positioning, and when retracted, it avoids the blade assembly and disassembly path. The aforementioned tapered guide structure passes through the aforementioned reference hole to achieve the positioning of the aforementioned turbine blade.

[0045] The above-described technical solution, as an inventive point of this disclosure, solves the technical problem of "inability to accurately match the positioning reference when machining turbine blades of different specifications; hard contact during positioning damages the blade reference hole, resulting in low clamping efficiency." The reasons for the inability to adapt to reference holes of different blade specifications, damage to the reference hole, and reduced clamping efficiency are as follows: In batch processing of multiple turbine blade models in factory workshops, the traditional positioning pin structures used in turbine blade tooling fixtures are mostly rigidly fixed designs. This means they can only be matched to reference holes of a single blade specification, and cannot flexibly adjust the positioning gap according to the dimensional deviations of reference holes of different blade models. This limits the positioning adaptation range, making it impossible to accurately match the positioning reference when machining blades of different specifications. Furthermore, the positioning pins currently used in turbine blade tooling fixtures lack elastic buffering and automatic reset functions, causing hard contact between the positioning pin and the blade reference hole, which easily damages the hole wall. Moreover, after blade assembly and disassembly, the positioning pin cannot quickly reset to the initial positioning position, resulting in insufficient blade clamping and positioning accuracy. Solving these factors allows for accurate adaptation to reference holes of different blade specifications, protection of the blade reference hole, and improvement of blade clamping efficiency and positioning accuracy. To achieve this effect, some embodiments of this disclosure can adapt to the reference holes of blades of different specifications and assist in precise docking through the clearance fit and tapered guide structure of the positioning pin. The elastic reset component can also be used to achieve flexible buffer positioning of the positioning pin. At the same time, the reset stroke is limited by the annular limit ring to protect the blade reference hole and improve clamping efficiency and positioning accuracy.

[0046] In addressing the technical problems mentioned above, and considering the application scenario of batch processing of multiple turbine blade models in a factory workshop, where the cutting loads vary significantly between different blade models and support points require frequent adjustments, the following technical problem arises: Traditional turbine blade tooling fixtures often use rigid connections between the support actuators and support plates, lacking dedicated energy-absorbing buffer structures. This results in the cutting impact and vibration being directly transmitted to the blades and fixture body, causing blade positioning datum misalignment. Furthermore, the fixture components are prone to wear and deformation due to prolonged impact. Additionally, current turbine blade tooling fixtures often employ fixed, non-adjustable buffer structures without precise limiting and guiding mechanisms, resulting in buffering forces that cannot adapt to different cutting load requirements. Springs are prone to radial slippage and jamming, leading to unstable buffering effects. The disassembly and maintenance of support actuators are cumbersome and cannot meet the cycle time requirements of batch processing. To address the following requirements for this application scenario: offsetting cutting impacts to protect the blades and fixtures, adapting buffering forces to different loads, and enabling rapid disassembly and maintenance of buffer components, we have decided to adopt the following solution: Optionally, the aforementioned tooling fixture may further include a load buffer support. The load buffer support can be disposed between the supporting actuator and the supporting plate, and includes a fixed base, a buffer column, and a buffer spring. The fixed base can be fixedly connected to the supporting plate, and a stepped mounting hole is formed on the top surface of the fixed base. The stepped mounting hole can be divided into a first diameter section and a second diameter section, with the diameter of the first diameter section being larger than that of the second diameter section. The buffer spring is embedded inside the second diameter section and the first diameter section, and the buffer column can be disposed within the first diameter section, with a clearance fit between the buffer column and the sidewall of the first diameter section, the clearance fit ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 mm. The side of the buffer column facing the buffer spring can abut against one side of the buffer spring, and the other side of the buffer spring can abut against the bottom of the stepped mounting hole. An annular limiting boss can be provided on the side of the buffer column that abuts against the buffer spring. This annular limiting boss can be embedded in the second diameter section. The annular limiting boss slides axially with the inner wall of the second diameter section, with a sliding stroke range of 2-5 mm. The end of the buffer column away from the buffer spring can be detachably connected to the support actuator via a flange structure. A threaded through hole can be provided on the side wall of the fixed base, and an adjusting bolt is screwed into the threaded through hole. One end of the adjusting bolt can extend into the second diameter section and abut against the end of the buffer spring away from the buffer column. The fixed base can be a square base integrally machined from high-strength cast steel. The buffer column can be a stepped shaft structure with a hard chrome plated surface. The buffer spring can be a cylindrical helical compression spring wound from spring steel. The first diameter section can be used to accommodate the annular limiting boss of the buffer column, limiting the radial movement of the buffer column. The second diameter section can be used to install the buffer spring and guide the lower end of the buffer column. The aforementioned clearance range allows the buffer column to slide smoothly and without jamming within the second bore section. The aforementioned sliding stroke range effectively absorbs cutting impact forces. The aforementioned detachable connection can be a flange face fit, or a connection method using bolt tightening or locating pin positioning. Here, the aforementioned clearance range is not specifically limited and can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0047] The above-mentioned technical solution, as an inventive point of this disclosure, solves the technical problem three: "Cutting impact during blade machining leads to positioning offset and fixture wear; the buffer structure is not adjustable, easily jammed, and has low maintenance efficiency." The reasons for poor blade machining accuracy, shortened fixture life, unstable buffer support, and high maintenance costs are as follows: In batch machining of multiple turbine blade models in factory workshops, traditional turbine blade tooling fixtures often use rigid connection designs between the support actuator and the support plate, lacking a dedicated buffer energy absorption structure. This causes the cutting impact force and vibration during machining to be directly transmitted to the blade and fixture body, resulting in blade positioning datum offset. Simultaneously, the fixture components are prone to wear and deformation due to long-term impact. Furthermore, since the buffer structures currently used in turbine blade tooling fixtures are mostly fixed and non-adjustable designs without precise limiting and guiding mechanisms, the buffer force cannot adapt to different cutting load requirements. The spring is prone to radial movement and jamming, leading to unstable buffering effects. The disassembly and maintenance of the support actuator are cumbersome and cannot meet the cycle time requirements of batch machining. Solving these factors can offset cutting impact, protect the blade and fixture, and achieve adjustable buffer force, improving the stability and maintenance efficiency of the buffer structure. To achieve this effect, some embodiments of this disclosure can use the aforementioned load buffer support to be set between the support actuator and the support plate, using a buffer spring to absorb cutting impact, and cooperating with the gap between the buffer column and the second diameter section to achieve precise guidance. Alternatively, the first diameter section of the stepped mounting hole can be adapted to the annular limiting boss to limit the axial sliding stroke and prevent the buffer column from falling out. By adjusting the bolts extending into the second diameter section to abut against the buffer spring, the buffering force can be flexibly adjusted. At the same time, the flange structure enables a detachable connection between the buffer column and the support actuator, reducing component maintenance costs.

[0048] In addressing the technical problems mentioned above, and considering the application scenario of batch processing of multiple turbine blade models in a factory workshop (e.g., factory-based machining), turbine blades with different profiles require precise lateral positioning and must withstand cutting side-deviation forces after clamping. This often leads to the following technical problem: Traditional turbine blade tooling fixtures often employ fixed, non-adjustable side positioning structures, making them unsuitable for positioning blades with different curved profiles and widths. This results in only single-point rigid compression, and the positioning posture does not conform to the blade profile. Furthermore, current turbine blade tooling fixtures lack protective, precise adjustment, and anti-loosening structures for their side positioning components. This makes it easy for the metal pressure head to scratch the blade surface, and the positioning pressure cannot be quantitatively controlled, leading to uneven blade deformation. Machining vibrations can also cause the positioning components to loosen, resulting in side positioning accuracy failure and blade machining side deviation. To address the following requirements for this application scenario: adaptability to blades with different profiles, protection of the blade surface, adaptability to adjustable positioning pressure, and anti-vibration loosening, we have decided to adopt the following solution: Optionally, the aforementioned tooling fixture may further include an adjustable side positioning support. The adjustable side positioning support can be disposed on one side of the aforementioned positioning replacement block assembly, and the adjustable side positioning support and the aforementioned positioning replacement block assembly are positioned collaboratively. The adjustable side positioning support may include a support body, an adjusting screw, and a positioning pressure head. The bottom of the support body can be fixedly connected to the aforementioned support plate through mounting holes, and the side wall of the support body can be provided with reinforcing ribs, which are integrally formed with the support body. The adjusting screw is threaded into the mounting hole of the support body, and one side of the adjusting screw can be connected to the positioning pressure head through the support body; the other side of the adjusting screw is provided with an anti-slip handwheel structure. The positioning pressure head is a detachable structure, and the positioning pressure head is connected to the end of the adjusting screw through a bearing. A polyurethane protective liner is detachably installed on the arc-shaped working surface of the positioning pressure head. A bearing may be provided between the aforementioned positioning pressure head and the aforementioned adjusting screw. The inner ring of the bearing is interference-fitted with the aforementioned adjusting screw, and the outer ring of the bearing is clearance-fitted with the bearing seat of the aforementioned positioning pressure head. The aforementioned adjusting screw may be provided with a scale marking with an accuracy of 0.1mm, and the adjustment stroke range of the aforementioned adjusting screw is 0~50mm. A locking nut is also provided on the side of the aforementioned support body near the aforementioned anti-slip handwheel structure, and the locking nut is threadedly engaged with the aforementioned adjusting screw for fixation. The aforementioned adjustable side positioning support can be used in conjunction with the positioning replacement block assembly to limit the turbine blades, thereby counteracting the lateral cutting force during machining. The aforementioned support body may be a vertical base integrally machined. The aforementioned adjusting screw can be used to transmit torque by rotating the anti-slip handwheel, driving the positioning pressure head to move horizontally. The aforementioned fixed connection may be a connection method of locking with a combination of positioning pins and bolts. The aforementioned anti-slip handwheel structure may be a disc-shaped structure with an anti-slip knurled texture machined on its outer circumference. The aforementioned anti-slip handwheel structure increases the friction between the operator's hand and the handwheel, while also facilitating the application of uniform torque. One side of the aforementioned adjusting screw passes through the aforementioned mounting hole and connects to the aforementioned positioning pressure head. The aforementioned interference fit allows for synchronous rotation of the bearing inner ring and the adjusting screw, improving torque transmission stability and the coaxiality of the adjusting screw and bearing. The aforementioned scale markings visually display the axial movement distance of the adjusting screw. The aforementioned adjustment stroke range can be used to adapt to the side positioning requirements of turbine blades of different widths. The aforementioned adjusting screw can be a metal rod with scale markings and threads. The aforementioned positioning pressure head is used to position the aforementioned turbine blades, and the scale markings on the aforementioned adjusting screw can be used to determine the support force on the aforementioned turbine blades, reducing damage to the turbine blades due to excessive support force or reducing positioning inaccuracies due to insufficient support force.

[0049] The above-described technical solution, as an inventive point of this disclosure, solves the fourth technical problem: "the blade side positioning cannot adapt to different profile specifications, easily scratching the blade; positioning pressure is difficult to control, and vibration easily loosens, leading to lateral deviation." The reasons for insufficient blade side positioning accuracy, surface damage, and poor processing stability are as follows: In batch processing of multiple turbine blade models in a factory workshop (such as in actual factory processing), traditional turbine blade tooling fixtures often have fixed and non-adjustable side positioning structures, making them unable to adapt to the side positioning of blades with different curved profiles and width specifications. This results in only single-point rigid extrusion, and the positioning posture does not fit the blade profile. Furthermore, the side positioning components currently used in turbine blade tooling fixtures lack protection, precise adjustment, and anti-loosening structures, causing the metal pressure head to easily scratch the blade surface. The positioning pressure cannot be quantitatively controlled, leading to uneven deformation of the blade under stress. Processing vibration easily causes the positioning components to loosen, resulting in side positioning accuracy failure and blade lateral deviation during processing. Solving these factors allows for the adaptation of side positioning for blades with different profiles, protection of the blade surface, and precise control of positioning pressure, improving the vibration resistance stability of side positioning. To achieve this effect, some embodiments of this disclosure can adapt different blade profiles through the aforementioned detachable positioning pressure head, reduce metal hard contact that scratches the blades, and use bearings to separate the rotation of the adjusting screw from the translation of the pressure head to prevent scratches. The positioning pressure can also be quantified by scale markings, and the stroke can be adjusted to adapt to blades of different widths. The locking nut can be used to lock the screw position to prevent vibration and loosening. The reinforcing ribs of the support body can improve the overall rigidity and achieve side positioning with the positioning replacement block assembly.

[0050] The above embodiments of this disclosure have the following beneficial effects: Through a tooling fixture applied to turbine blades according to some embodiments of this disclosure, the distribution of positioning points can be adjusted according to the blade surface, improving the stability of the blade after clamping, reducing the problem of machining dimensional errors, adapting to blades with different outlines, reducing the occurrence of tilting during machining, improving machining accuracy, and shortening the time spent switching machining models. Specifically, the reasons for the numerous technical problems with existing tooling fixtures are as follows: Traditional tooling fixtures have fixed and non-optimizable positioning points, making it impossible to adjust the distribution of positioning points according to the curvature of the blade surface. This results in loose contact between the positioning points and the blade, creating gaps and causing instability in the positioning datum after blade clamping. This leads to displacement during machining, resulting in dimensional errors. Furthermore, the integrated fixed positioning structure of traditional tooling fixtures cannot adapt to turbine blades with different profiles, requiring separate tooling fixtures for each blade type. Switching between machining types necessitates replacing the entire fixture, which is time-consuming. Finally, the support devices of traditional tooling fixtures only provide single fixed support, lacking a coordinated and adaptable design. They cannot synchronously adjust the support posture and force according to the switching of positioning components, causing misalignment between the support force and the positioning datum. This results in unbalanced forces after blade clamping, making it prone to tilting during machining and affecting machining accuracy. Based on this, some embodiments of this disclosure provide a tooling fixture for turbine blades. The tooling fixture includes a support plate, a clamping structure, a support device, and a positioning replacement block assembly. The clamping structure, the support device, and the positioning replacement block assembly are all mounted on the support plate. The support device includes a drive component, a propulsion device, and a support execution component. The drive component drives the propulsion device to move, thereby driving the lifting and lowering of the support execution component to support and position the turbine blade. The positioning replacement block assembly includes a support portion and a positioning block assembly. The positioning block assembly includes at least one positioning block, and each positioning block in the positioning block assembly is provided with at least one positioning point. The positioning blocks are all in contact with the turbine blade through the at least one positioning point to achieve positioning and fixing of the turbine blade. The positioning blocks in the positioning block assembly are detachable and replaceable to position and fix different turbine blades. The clamping structure includes at least one clamping block, which clamps the turbine blade. The clamping structure clamps the turbine blade, and the positioning replacement block assembly fixes the turbine blade to complete the clamping and positioning. Because the aforementioned tooling fixture uses positioning replacement blocks for positioning, the distribution of positioning points can be adjusted according to the blade's curved surface, improving the stability of the blade after clamping and reducing dimensional errors during machining. Furthermore, since each blade model has a corresponding positioning replacement block, switching machining models only requires adapting the appropriate positioning replacement block to the different blade models. This shortens the time required for switching machining models and allows for the adaptation of blades with different shapes and contours.The synergistic effect of the positioning replacement block and the support device reduces the occurrence of tilting during processing and improves processing accuracy.

[0051] The above description is merely a selection of preferred embodiments of this disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the embodiments of this disclosure is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the above-described inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the embodiments of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A tooling fixture for turbine blades, characterized in that, The tooling fixture includes a support plate, a clamping structure, a support device, and a positioning replacement block assembly; The clamping structure, the support device, and the positioning replacement block assembly are all mounted on the support plate; The support device includes a drive component, a propulsion device, and a support execution component; The drive component drives the propulsion device to move, thereby driving the lifting and lowering of the support execution component to support and position the turbine blades; The positioning replacement block group includes a support group and a positioning block group. The positioning block group includes at least one positioning block, and each positioning block in the positioning block group is provided with at least one positioning point. Each positioning block is attached to the turbine blade through at least one positioning point to achieve positioning and fixing of the turbine blade; The positioning blocks in the positioning block group are removable and replaceable to fix different turbine blades in position. The clamping structure includes at least one clamping block, which clamps the turbine blade. The positioning replacement block group fixes the turbine blade to complete the clamping and positioning.

2. The tooling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support plate is made of high-strength alloy material and has threaded mounting holes.

3. The tooling fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping structure, the support device, and the positioning replacement block assembly are all mounted on the support plate through the threaded mounting holes.

4. The tooling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving component is a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric push rod, and the propulsion device includes a piston rod and a connecting seat.

5. The tooling fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive component, and the other end of the piston rod is detachably connected to the support and execution component through the connecting seat.

6. The tooling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tooling fixture also includes a reference block, which is used to determine the reference position of the turbine blade.

7. The tooling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the at least one clamping block is provided with an arc-shaped contact surface, which is adapted to the machined surface of the turbine blade.

8. The tooling fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support component in the support assembly is a square fixing block; One side of the support part is fixedly connected to the support plate by bolts, and the other side of the support part is a planar structure; The positioning point is a spherical protrusion structure, and the positioning point and the positioning block are integrally formed. The surface of the positioning point is provided with a wear-resistant layer, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer ranges from 0.5 to 2 mm. The support plate is fixedly mounted on the machine tool, and the clamping structure is used to clamp the turbine blades; The support device is disposed on the lower side of the turbine blade, and the positioning block in the positioning block group is connected to the support part by quick-change bolts; The supporting execution component, together with the positioning replacement block group and the clamping structure, forms a three-dimensional supporting positioning structure; The side of the support actuator that is in contact with the turbine blade is provided with a flexible material bonding surface. The flexible material bonding surface is in contact with the unmachined surface of the turbine blade to adapt to the surface contour of the turbine blade.

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