A single-shock wave velocity measurement system and method with timing calibration capability

Abstract

This invention discloses a single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system and method with timing calibration capability. The single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system includes a target chamber, a probe laser generation module, a timing calibration target, an interferometer, a streak camera, a focusing lens, a timing laser introduction module, and multiple main laser generation modules. During the timing calibration of the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system, a customized timing calibration target reflects the main laser signal and the probe laser signal along the same optical path. A focusing lens is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Simultaneously, a dedicated timing laser transmission component introduces the timing laser signal into the slit of the streak camera. This allows for the simultaneous acquisition of the main laser signal, the probe laser signal, and the timing laser signal in a single-shot measurement, achieving in-situ precise timing calibration for a velocity measuring instrument corresponding to any reflective surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shock wave velocity diagnostic technology, specifically to a single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system and method with timing calibration capability. Background Technology

[0002] In laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research, achieving precise control of radiation-driven symmetry and further understanding the physics of laser-plasma interactions are crucial. Shock wave velocity can be used as a boundary condition in the equation of state to solve for information such as density and pressure. Therefore, shock wave velocity measurement can serve as an effective diagnostic method for physical processes. Solving for this information can enhance our understanding of physical processes such as ablation and implosion, and has reference value for laser beam modulation and pulse shaping.

[0003] Surface-of-Reflection (VISAR) instruments are widely used in shock wave measurement. Their principle can be summarized as follows: a probe laser is reflected at the shock wave interface. Due to the optical Doppler effect, the frequency of the reflected light changes, carrying shock wave velocity information. The VISAR imaging system collects the probe laser carrying Doppler frequency shift information (referred to as the information light). Then, the information light is split into two beams in an interferometer, one of which is delayed and the other is not. Finally, the two beams interfere near the camera cathode. By observing the movement of the interference fringes, the shock wave velocity can be deduced. In actual physics experiments, the main laser is injected into the target chamber and ablates the sample to generate a shock wave, which typically lasts for about 10 ns. The pulse width of the probe laser of VISAR is about 15 ns. As an active detection device, it is necessary to ensure that the time window of the VISAR probe laser covers the physical process under test in order to accurately measure the evolution of the shock wave and obtain the correspondence between the input laser parameters and the evolution of the shock wave behavior. The shock wave catch-up time under a specific design is only tens of ps. Therefore, it is crucial to achieve precise calibration of VISAR time series on the order of 10 ps and accurately reconstruct the shock wave velocity.

[0004] Traditional timing calibration techniques often employ oscilloscopes for measurement, which requires converting optical signals into electrical signals. This involves electro-optical conversion, cable transmission, and other processes, all of which introduce timing errors. Even more problematic is that the main laser and probe laser travel along different paths during this process, and the recording device is not the streak camera used in the experiment. This makes in-situ timing calibration impossible, further limiting the accuracy of shock wave velocity reconstruction.

[0005] Solving these problems is now a top priority. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems of existing timing calibration techniques, such as errors introduced by electro-optical conversion, inability to perform in-situ calibration, and insufficient timing accuracy, this invention provides a single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system and method with timing calibration capabilities.

[0007] The technical solution is as follows:

[0008] The first aspect of this application relates to a single-shot sub-shock wave velocity measurement system with timing calibration capability, comprising:

[0009] The target chamber is a vacuum environment inside, and its outer shell is provided with a light-collecting channel and multiple laser channels. The extension direction of the inner end of the light-collecting channel and each laser channel is towards the center of the target chamber.

[0010] Each main laser generating module corresponds to one of the laser channels. They are used to excite the main laser and guide the main laser to the outer end face of the corresponding laser channel, so that it is injected into the center of the target chamber through the corresponding laser channel.

[0011] The probe laser generation module is used to excite the probe laser and guide the probe laser to the outer end face of the light receiving channel;

[0012] A timing calibration target that can be detachably installed at the center of a target chamber includes a diffuse reflector for scattering the main laser injected into the target chamber at different angles toward the inner end face of the light receiving channel and a central reflector disposed at the center of the diffuse reflector, wherein the central reflector is used to reflect the incident probe laser back to the inner end face of the light receiving channel.

[0013] An interferometer is used to receive the laser emitted from the outer end face of the optical receiving channel and convert the laser into two laser beams, one in front of the other.

[0014] A fringe camera is used to record the interference fringe images formed at the slit of an interferometer by two laser beams emitted sequentially from the interferometer.

[0015] A focusing lens, which can be detachably mounted between the output end of the interferometer and the slit of the streak camera;

[0016] The time-stamped laser introduction module includes a time-stamped laser generator for exciting the time-stamped laser and a time-stamped laser transmission component for directing the time-stamped laser emitted from the time-stamped laser generator into the slit of the streak camera for recording.

[0017] The second aspect of this application relates to a method for measuring the velocity of a single shock wave using the aforementioned single-shock wave velocity measurement system, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. Perform timing calibration on the single-shock wave velocity measurement system according to the following steps:

[0019] S11. Install the timing calibration target and the focusing lens at the center of the target chamber and between the output end of the interferometer and the slit of the fringe camera, respectively.

[0020] S12. Replace the pulsed laser in the probe laser generator module with a continuous laser. The continuous laser emits a continuous laser towards the central reflector. Adjust the light receiving channel until the target surface of the timing calibration target can be clearly imaged in the middle of the slit of the streak camera. After completion, the continuous laser stops emitting the continuous laser. At the same time, the time-marked laser generator emits a time-marked laser. Adjust the time-marked laser transmission component until the time-marked laser is accurately guided to the edge of the slit of the streak camera. After completion, the time-marked laser generator stops emitting the time-marked laser.

[0021] S13. Adjust each laser channel until the main laser emitted by all main laser generating modules can be accurately guided to the timing calibration target and scattered to the inner end face of the light receiving channel through the diffuse reflector. After completion, all main laser generating modules stop emitting main lasers.

[0022] S14. Set the main laser generation module, the time-marked laser introduction module, and the probe laser generation module so that the probe laser arrives at the slit of the stripe camera later than the main laser, and the difference between the time-marked laser and the main laser arriving at the slit of the stripe camera is smaller than the difference between the probe laser and the main laser arriving at the slit of the stripe camera, and the stripe camera can record the main laser, the time-marked laser, and the probe laser simultaneously.

[0023] S15. Set the output energy of the main laser generator module, and start the main laser generator module, time-marked laser introduction module and probe laser generator module according to the settings in step S15. Use a stripe camera to record the timing calibration results.

[0024] S2. Remove the timing calibration target and focusing lens;

[0025] S3. Place the sample in the center of the target chamber;

[0026] S4. Set the output energy of the main laser generator module, and start the main laser generator module, time-marked laser introduction module and probe laser generator module according to the settings in step S15. Use the stripe camera to record the sample measurement results.

[0027] S5. Based on the sample measurement results and time series calibration results, the shock wave velocity is reconstructed.

[0028] The above-mentioned single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system and method with timing calibration capability were adopted. During the timing calibration process of the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system, a customized timing calibration target was used to reflect the main laser signal and the probe laser signal along the same optical path. A focusing lens was used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Simultaneously, a dedicated timing laser transmission component was used to introduce the timing laser signal into the slit of the streak camera. This allows for the simultaneous acquisition of the main laser signal, probe laser signal, and timing laser signal in a single-shot measurement, achieving in-situ precise timing calibration of the velocity measuring instrument for any reflective surface. The following technical effects were achieved:

[0029] 1. The calibration process uses the same streak camera recording device as the actual physical experiment, avoiding systematic errors introduced by changing the recording equipment and ensuring the consistency between the calibration results and the actual experimental conditions;

[0030] 2. It avoids timing errors introduced by electro-optical conversion and cable transmission in traditional oscilloscope calibration methods, significantly improving calibration accuracy;

[0031] 3. To address the problem of energy dispersion and poor signal-to-noise ratio caused by the scattering of the main laser through the diffuse reflector, this invention focuses the main laser signal by setting a focusing lens in front of the slit of the streak camera, which effectively improves the intensity and signal-to-noise ratio of the main laser signal and ensures the reliability and accuracy of timing calibration.

[0032] 4. The design of the diffuse reflector plate and the central reflector of the timing calibration target enables the diffuse reflector plate to scatter the main lasers incident at different angles into the light receiving channel. At the same time, the central reflector can reflect the incident probe lasers back into the light receiving channel, thereby realizing the synchronous calibration of the timing relationship between multiple main lasers and probe lasers, and meeting the timing diagnosis requirements of multi-beam laser driven experiments.

[0033] 5. The timing calibration technology principle of the present invention can be extended to other optical diagnostic technologies with similar diagnostic principles to achieve precise timing calibration of these diagnostic devices, and has a wide range of applicability;

[0034] 6. By setting multiple main laser generation modules with different main laser injection angles, the main laser generation modules that need to be activated can be flexibly configured according to the type of sample, which greatly improves the versatility of the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system with timing calibration capability according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 Images recorded by a stripe camera during time-series calibration using the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system with time-series calibration capability of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 The image intensity versus time curve of the main laser obtained when performing time-series calibration using the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system and method with time-series calibration capability of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 The image intensity versus time curve of the probe laser obtained when performing time-series calibration using the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system and method with time-series calibration capability of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 The image intensity versus time curve of a time-series laser obtained when performing time-series calibration using the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system and method with time-series calibration capability of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 The image is a streak camera recording an image of a sample when the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system with timing calibration capability of the present invention is used to measure the sample. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, a single-shock wave velocity measurement system with time-series calibration capability mainly includes a probe laser generation module 6, multiple main laser generation modules 7, a target chamber 2, an interferometer, and a streak camera 4, which together constitute an arbitrary reflective surface velocity measuring instrument (VISAR).

[0044] In this embodiment, all main laser generating modules 7 are used to excite the main laser. The interior of the target chamber 2 is a vacuum environment. Furthermore, the outer shell of the target chamber 2 is provided with laser channels 22, each corresponding to one of the main laser generating modules 7. The inner end of each laser channel 22 extends towards the center of the target chamber 2, so that the main laser emitted from each main laser generating module 7 can be injected into the center of the target chamber 2 through the corresponding laser channel 22. Therefore, by setting multiple main laser generating modules 7 with different main laser injection angles, this embodiment can flexibly configure the main laser generating modules 7 that need to be activated according to the type of sample, greatly improving the versatility of the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system.

[0045] Furthermore, each of the main laser generating modules 7 includes a main laser generator 71 for exciting the main laser and a transmission mirror group 72 for guiding the main laser emitted by the main laser generator 71 to the outer end face of the corresponding laser channel 22, that is: the main laser emitted by the main laser generator 71 is injected into the center position of the target chamber 2 through the corresponding laser channel 22.

[0046] In this embodiment, a light-receiving channel 21 is also provided on the outer shell of the target chamber 2. The inner end of the light-receiving channel 21 extends towards the center of the target chamber 2. The probe laser generating modules 6 are used to excite the probe laser and guide the probe laser to the outer end face of the light-receiving channel 21, so that the probe laser emitted by the probe laser generating modules 6 can be guided to the center of the target chamber 2 through the light-receiving channel 21. The probe laser carrying Doppler frequency shift information reflected back from the target surface of the sample is guided out through the light-receiving channel 21 and enters the interferometer. The interferometer converts the probe laser carrying Doppler frequency shift information into two probe lasers, one in front of the other, that are directed toward the slit of the fringe camera 4. Finally, the two probe lasers form an interference fringe image at the slit of the fringe camera 4, which is recorded by the fringe camera 4.

[0047] Furthermore, the probe laser generation module 6 includes a probe laser generator 61 for exciting a time-stamped laser, a second flexible transmission fiber 62 and a first beam splitter BS1 sequentially disposed between the emitting end of the probe laser generator 61 and the outer end of the receiving channel 21. The incident end face of the second flexible transmission fiber 62 faces the emitting end face of the probe laser generator 61, and the emitting end face of the second flexible transmission fiber 62 faces the first beam splitter BS1. Therefore, the probe laser emitted from the probe laser generator 61 is guided to the first beam splitter BS1 via the second flexible transmission fiber 62, and after passing through the first beam splitter BS1, it is guided to the outer end face of the receiving channel 21, thereby injecting the probe laser into the center position of the target chamber 2.

[0048] Furthermore, the interferometer includes a first reflecting mirror M1, a second reflecting mirror M2, a second beam splitter BS2, and a third beam splitter BS3. The first reflecting mirror M1 is equipped with an etalon ET1. The probe laser carrying Doppler frequency shift information emitted from the outer end face of the light receiving channel 21 is reflected by the first beam splitter BS1 to the second beam splitter BS2, and both are split into two by the second beam splitter BS2. One probe laser beam is reflected by the second reflecting mirror M2 and then passes through the third beam splitter BS3. The other probe laser beam is delayed by the etalon ET1 on the first reflecting mirror M1 and then shines into the third beam splitter BS3. Finally, the third beam splitter BS3 guides the two probe laser beams, one after the other, to the slit of the fringe camera 4, and the interference fringe image formed at the slit of the fringe camera 4 is simultaneously recorded by the fringe camera 4.

[0049] In this embodiment, a timing calibration target 1 is detachably installed at the center of the target chamber 2. The timing calibration target 1 includes a diffuse reflector 11 for scattering main lasers injected into the target chamber 2 at different angles toward the inner end face of the light receiving channel 21, and a central reflector 12 for reflecting incident probe lasers back to the inner end face of the light receiving channel 21. The central reflector 12 is located at the center of the diffuse reflector 11. Therefore, the design of the diffuse reflector 11 and central reflector 12 of the timing calibration target 1 enables the diffuse reflector 11 to scatter main lasers incident at different angles toward the light receiving channel 21, while the central reflector 12 reflects the incident probe lasers back to the light receiving channel 21. This allows for the synchronous calibration of the timing relationship between multiple main lasers and probe lasers, meeting the timing diagnosis requirements of multi-beam laser-driven experiments.

[0050] Furthermore, a focusing lens 3 is detachably installed between the output end of the interferometer and the slit of the streak camera 4. Therefore, to address the problem of energy dispersion and poor signal-to-noise ratio caused by the scattering of the main laser through the diffuse reflection plate 11, this embodiment adds a focusing lens 3 in front of the slit of the streak camera 4 to focus the main laser signal, thereby effectively improving the intensity and signal-to-noise ratio of the main laser signal and ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the timing calibration.

[0051] In this embodiment, the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system also includes a time-stamped laser introduction module 5. This module 5 comprises a time-stamped laser generator 51 for exciting the time-stamped laser and a time-stamped laser transmission component for guiding the time-stamped laser emitted from the time-stamped laser generator 51 into the slit of the streak camera 4 for recording. Therefore, through the dedicated time-stamped laser transmission component, the time-stamped laser signal emitted from the time-stamped laser generator 51 can be introduced into the slit of the streak camera 4, thereby enabling the simultaneous acquisition of the main laser signal, probe laser signal, and time-stamped laser signal in a single-shot measurement, achieving in-situ precise calibration of the timing sequence for any reflective surface velocity measuring instrument.

[0052] Furthermore, the time-stamped laser transmission assembly includes a first flexible transmission fiber 52 and a rigid fiber 53. The incident end face of the first flexible transmission fiber 52 faces the emitting end face of the time-stamped laser generator 51. The emitting end of the first flexible transmission fiber 52 is connected to the incident end of the rigid fiber 53 through a fiber coupler. The rigid fiber 53 is fixedly connected to the streak camera 4 through a connector, and the emitting end face of the rigid fiber 53 faces the slit of the streak camera 4. By using a rigid fiber 53 at the end of the time-stamped laser transmission assembly, the stability and reliability of the fixed connection with the streak camera 4 can be ensured while avoiding the laser signal emitted by the interferometer. This ensures the stability and reliability of the time-stamped laser imaging on the slit of the streak camera 4, thereby providing a precise and stable reference for the entire time-series calibration.

[0053] Example 2:

[0054] A method for measuring the velocity of a single shock wave using the single-shock wave velocity measurement system of Example 2 is performed according to the following steps:

[0055] S1. Perform timing calibration on the single-shock wave velocity measurement system according to the following steps:

[0056] S11. Install the timing calibration target 1 at the center of the target chamber 2, and install the focusing lens 3 between the output end of the interferometer and the slit of the streak camera 4 (the focusing lens 3 is installed in front of the slit of the streak camera 4).

[0057] S12. Replace the probe laser generator 61 (which is a pulsed laser) in the probe laser generation module 6 with a continuous laser. The continuous laser emits a continuous laser towards the central reflector 12. At this time, adjust the light receiving channel 21 until the target surface of the timing calibration target 1 can be clearly imaged in the middle of the slit of the streak camera 4 (to ensure clear image of the target surface). After completion, the continuous laser stops emitting the continuous laser. At the same time, the time marker laser generator 51 emits a time marker laser. Adjust the rigid optical fiber 53 until the time marker laser is accurately guided to the edge of the slit of the streak camera 4. After completion, the time marker laser generator 51 stops emitting the time marker laser.

[0058] S13. Adjust each laser channel 22 until the main lasers emitted by all main laser generating modules 7 (main lasers at different angles) can be accurately guided to the timing calibration target 1 and can be scattered to the inner end face of the light receiving channel 21 through the diffuse reflection plate 11. After completion, all main laser generating modules 7 stop emitting main lasers.

[0059] S14. Configure the main laser generator module 7, the time-stamped laser introduction module 5, and the probe laser generator module 6 so that the probe laser lags behind the main laser when it arrives at the slit of the stripe camera 4, and the difference between the arrival of the time-stamped laser and the main laser at the slit of the stripe camera 4 is smaller than the difference between the arrival of the probe laser and the main laser at the slit of the stripe camera 4. The stripe camera 4 can simultaneously record the main laser, the time-stamped laser, and the probe laser. In this embodiment, the delay is adjusted by adjusting the start time of the probe laser emitted by the probe laser generator 61 and the fiber length of the time-stamped laser, so that the probe laser arrives at the slit of the stripe camera 4 approximately 3 ns behind the main laser. Simultaneously, the difference between the time-stamped light and the main laser is controlled within ±3 ns, because the shortest scanning window length of the stripe camera 4 during calibration is currently 5 ns. This is to ensure simultaneous measurement of the signals of the main laser and the probe laser (see [link to documentation]). Figure 2 The time difference between the two should not exceed 5ns, so 3ns is a more suitable empirical value.

[0060] S15. Set the output energy of the main laser generator 71, and start the main laser generation module 7, the time-stamped laser introduction module 5, and the probe laser generation module 6 according to the settings in step S15. Use the streak camera 4 to record the timing calibration results. In this embodiment, the energy of the main laser emitted by the main laser generator 71 is preferably 2J to 3J to better meet the requirements of continuous calibration with multiple shots. Therefore, the laser will output at a lower energy (high-energy lasers require cooling). 2J to 3J is a preferred empirical value, which takes into account both image signal-to-noise ratio and calibration efficiency.

[0061] S2. Remove timing calibration target 1 and focusing lens 3.

[0062] S3. Place the sample in the center of target chamber 2.

[0063] S4. Set the output energy of the main laser generator module 7 (select according to the measurement requirements of the sample), and start the main laser generator module 7, the time-marked laser introduction module 5 and the probe laser generator module 6 according to the settings in step S15. Use the stripe camera 4 to record the sample measurement results.

[0064] S5. Based on the sample measurement results and time series calibration results, the shock wave velocity is reconstructed.

[0065] In this embodiment, the time-stamped laser emitted by the time-stamped laser generator 51 consists of a sequence of ten pulses with a fixed pulse interval and a fixed start time, and a total pulse width of 5ns, which can meet most experimental needs.

[0066] Please see Figure 2 For timing calibration of a single-shock wave velocity measurement system with timing calibration capabilities, the image recorded by the streak camera, after undergoing sweep speed correction preprocessing, can accurately obtain the time value of a single pixel. Further processing on this basis can then yield... Figures 3-5 The processing results Figure 3 T1 in the equation represents the peak moment of the main laser. Figure 4 This indicates the half-height position of the probe laser, which represents the start time of the probe laser. Figure 5 This indicates the peak time of the first pulse of the time-stamped laser.

[0067] The timing difference between the master laser and the probe laser is: , This refers to the delay of the probe laser relative to the main laser.

[0068] The timing difference between the master laser and the time-marked laser is: , This refers to the delay of the first pulse of the time-stamped laser relative to the main laser.

[0069] The precise calibration of the timing relationship of the three signals can be achieved by locating T1, T2, and T3.

[0070] Furthermore, since the time-stamped laser does not pass through the focusing lens 3, while the main laser and probe laser do, the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement method also includes a step of calibrating the delay time generated by the laser passing through the focusing lens 3, and correcting the timing relationship between the time-stamped laser and the main laser when reconstructing the shock wave velocity in step S5.

[0071] Specifically, lens delay time The calibration method is as follows: Perform a measurement without placing the focusing lens 3 to obtain the timing difference without the lens. Then, focusing lens 3 is placed for measurement to obtain the timing difference with the lens. .but The actual timing difference between the master laser and the time-stamped laser after compensation is: .

[0072] Please see Figure 6 The image shown is a fringe camera recording a sample when the single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system with time calibration capability of the present invention is used to measure the sample. It can be seen that the time-stamped laser can be used as a time scale for VISAR to perform time calibration on the interference fringe image recorded by VISAR, so as to ensure the time consistency of multiple experiments.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, under the guidance of the present invention, can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and claims of the present invention, and such modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-shot sub-shock wave velocity measurement system with timing calibration capability, characterized in that, include: The target chamber is a vacuum environment inside, and its outer shell is provided with a light-collecting channel and multiple laser channels. The extension direction of the inner end of the light-collecting channel and each laser channel is towards the center of the target chamber. Each main laser generating module corresponds to one of the laser channels. They are used to excite the main laser and guide the main laser to the outer end face of the corresponding laser channel, so that it is injected into the center of the target chamber through the corresponding laser channel. The probe laser generation module is used to excite the probe laser and guide the probe laser to the outer end face of the light receiving channel; A timing calibration target that can be detachably installed at the center of a target chamber includes a diffuse reflector for scattering the main laser injected into the target chamber at different angles toward the inner end face of the light receiving channel and a central reflector disposed at the center of the diffuse reflector, wherein the central reflector is used to reflect the incident probe laser back to the inner end face of the light receiving channel. An interferometer is used to receive the laser emitted from the outer end face of the optical receiving channel and convert the laser into two laser beams, one in front of the other. A fringe camera is used to record the interference fringe images formed at the slit of an interferometer by two laser beams emitted sequentially from the interferometer. A focusing lens, which can be detachably mounted between the output end of the interferometer and the slit of the streak camera; The time-stamped laser introduction module includes a time-stamped laser generator for exciting the time-stamped laser and a time-stamped laser transmission component for directing the time-stamped laser emitted from the time-stamped laser generator into the slit of the streak camera for recording. The interferometer includes a first reflecting mirror, a second reflecting mirror, a second beam splitter, and a third beam splitter. A standard is provided on the first reflecting mirror. The laser emitted from the outer end face of the light receiving channel is reflected by the first beam splitter to the second beam splitter, and is split into two by the second beam splitter. One beam is reflected by the second reflecting mirror and passes through the third beam splitter, and is directed towards the slit of the streak camera. The other beam is delayed by the standard on the first reflecting mirror and is directed towards the third beam splitter, which then reflects it towards the slit of the streak camera.

2. The single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time-stamped laser transmission component includes a first flexible transmission fiber and a rigid fiber. The incident end face of the first flexible transmission fiber faces the emitting end face of the time-stamped laser generator. The emitting end of the first flexible transmission fiber is connected to the incident end of the rigid fiber through a fiber coupler. The rigid fiber is fixedly connected to the stripe camera through a connector, and the emitting end face of the rigid fiber faces the slit of the stripe camera.

3. The single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The probe laser generation module includes a probe laser generator for exciting time-marked lasers, a second flexible transmission fiber and a first beam splitter sequentially disposed between the output end of the probe laser generator and the outer end of the receiving channel. The probe laser emitted by the probe laser generator is guided to the first beam splitter via the second flexible transmission fiber, and then guided to the outer end face of the receiving channel after passing through the first beam splitter.

4. The single-shot shock wave velocity measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each main laser generating module includes a main laser generator for exciting the main laser and a transmission mirror group for guiding the main laser emitted by the main laser generator to the outer end face of the corresponding laser channel.

5. A method for measuring the velocity of a single shock wave using the single-shock wave velocity measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Follow these steps: S1. Perform timing calibration on the single-shock wave velocity measurement system according to the following steps: S11. Install the timing calibration target and the focusing lens at the center of the target chamber and between the output end of the interferometer and the slit of the fringe camera, respectively. S12. Replace the pulsed laser in the probe laser generator module with a continuous laser. The continuous laser emits a continuous laser towards the central reflector. Adjust the light receiving channel until the target surface of the timing calibration target can be clearly imaged in the middle of the slit of the streak camera. After completion, the continuous laser stops emitting the continuous laser. At the same time, the time-marked laser generator emits a time-marked laser. Adjust the time-marked laser transmission component until the time-marked laser is accurately guided to the edge of the slit of the streak camera. After completion, the time-marked laser generator stops emitting the time-marked laser. S13. Adjust each laser channel until the main laser emitted by all main laser generating modules can be accurately guided to the timing calibration target and scattered to the inner end face of the light receiving channel through the diffuse reflector. After completion, all main laser generating modules stop emitting main lasers. S14. Set the main laser generation module, the time-marked laser introduction module, and the probe laser generation module so that the probe laser arrives at the slit of the stripe camera later than the main laser, and the difference between the time-marked laser and the main laser arriving at the slit of the stripe camera is smaller than the difference between the probe laser and the main laser arriving at the slit of the stripe camera, and the stripe camera can record the main laser, the time-marked laser, and the probe laser simultaneously. S15. Set the output energy of the main laser generator module, and start the main laser generator module, time-marking laser introduction module and probe laser generator module according to the settings in step S14. Use a stripe camera to record the timing calibration results. S2. Remove the timing calibration target and focusing lens; S3. Place the sample in the center of the target chamber; S4. Set the output energy of the main laser generator module, and start the main laser generator module, time-marked laser introduction module and probe laser generator module according to the settings in step S14. Use the stripe camera to record the sample measurement results. S5. Based on the sample measurement results and time series calibration results, the shock wave velocity is reconstructed.

6. The method for measuring the velocity of a single shock wave according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes the step of calibrating the delay time generated by the laser passing through the focusing lens, and correcting the timing relationship between the time-stamped laser and the main laser when reconstructing the shock wave velocity in step S5.

7. The method for measuring the velocity of a single shock wave according to claim 5, characterized in that, The time-marked laser emitted by the time-marked laser introduction module consists of ten pulse sequences with a total pulse width of 5 ns and a fixed pulse interval.

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