Underground water resource zoning method and system for representing water circulation and underground water occurrence conversion process

Abstract

The invention relates to an underground water resource zoning method and system for representing a water circulation and underground water occurrence conversion process. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring data of a preset type for a target region; using the digital elevation model raster data as a basic layer of a target area, determining a target equal-product projection coordinate system, performing unified equal-product projection conversion on the preset type of data in the target equal-product projection coordinate system, and constructing a projected underground water resource partition basic map of the target area; identifying surface watershed and internal flow basin data meeting preset conditions in the projected underground water resource zoning basic map, determining a division boundary according to the surface watershed and internal flow basin data, and performing regional division on the projected underground water resource zoning basic map to obtain an underground water resource primary evaluation region of the target region; judging the area type of the primary evaluation area; and according to the region type, carrying out multi-stage progressive division on the primary evaluation region, obtaining groundwater resource attribute information of a plurality of hierarchical evaluation regions, and forming a groundwater resource partitioning result of the target region. According to the method, the underground water resource subarea level structure of the target area is clear, the upper and lower levels are clear, the size is moderate, and unified management and evaluation are more convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of groundwater resource zoning evaluation and management, specifically to a groundwater resource zoning method and system that characterizes the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process. Background Technology

[0002] Groundwater resources are important natural resources, and their rational development and protection are of great significance to socio-economic development and ecological environmental protection. Groundwater resource zoning is a crucial foundation for water resource management, investigation, monitoring, evaluation, land rights registration, and asset management. Currently, most groundwater resource zoning methods rely on surface water basins (catchment areas) as the basis for division, failing to fully consider the distribution characteristics of groundwater systems. Furthermore, inconsistent zoning standards and procedures across provinces and basins result in disjointed and inconsistent zoning, hindering the formation of a unified and comprehensive groundwater resource zoning system and impacting the overall evaluation and management of groundwater resources. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this disclosure provides a groundwater resource zoning method and system for characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process.

[0004] According to this disclosure, a groundwater resource zoning method is provided to characterize the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process, including:

[0005] S11, acquire data of a preset type for the target area, wherein the data includes at least digital elevation model raster data, topographic vector data, geological structure vector data, hydrogeological vector data, water system distribution vector data, and groundwater flow field vector data;

[0006] S12, using the digital elevation model raster data as the base layer of the target area, determine the target equal-area projection coordinate system, and perform a unified equal-area projection transformation on the preset type of data in the target equal-area projection coordinate system to construct a basic projection groundwater resource zoning map of the target area.

[0007] S13, identify the surface watershed and endorheic basin data that meet the preset conditions in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, and use the surface watershed and endorheic basins that meet the preset conditions as the dividing boundaries to divide the projected groundwater resource zoning base map into regions, thereby obtaining the groundwater resource primary evaluation area of ​​the target region.

[0008] Among them, the watershed of the preset conditions is a watershed with an elevation of more than 4,000 meters, and the endorheic basin of the preset conditions is an endorheic basin with an area of ​​groundwater closure system greater than 100,000 km².

[0009] S14, Read the preset boundary line used for area type determination in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, perform spatial relationship identification on the groundwater resource primary evaluation area and the preset boundary line, and divide the primary evaluation area into a first type of area or a second type of area according to its spatial position relationship with the preset boundary line, wherein the first type of area indicates a first boundary parameter set, and the second type of area indicates a second boundary parameter set;

[0010] S15, based on the area type, call the corresponding parameter set to perform multi-level progressive division of the primary evaluation area, forming groundwater resource evaluation sub-areas of level two to five;

[0011] S16, extract groundwater resource attribute information of the primary evaluation area and each evaluation sub-area, and generate groundwater resource zoning results for the target area based on the attribute information.

[0012] In some exemplary embodiments, the preset data types also include: spatial distribution vector data of hydrological monitoring stations, vector data of water resource zones at or above the third level, and vector data of administrative divisions at or above the county level.

[0013] In some exemplary embodiments, step S14, the spatial relationship identification includes:

[0014] A spatial relationship analysis is performed between the primary evaluation area and the preset boundary line. When the spatial range of the primary evaluation area is located north of the preset boundary line, the primary evaluation area is determined to be a first-class area.

[0015] When the spatial range of the primary evaluation area is located south of the preset boundary line, the primary evaluation area is determined to be a second type of area;

[0016] The preset boundary line is either the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary or an isohyet with an average annual precipitation of 800 mm.

[0017] In some exemplary embodiments, the boundary parameters of the first boundary parameter set include:

[0018] A2: Groundwater catchment basin boundary; A3: Catchment area boundary of surrounding hills and / or plain confluence area of ​​groundwater basin; A4: Boundary line between mountainous and plain areas; A5: Boundary of regional micro-geomorphic units and / or pre-set intermontane basin boundary; The boundary parameters of the second boundary parameter set include: B2: Pre-set river basin boundary or section boundary point; B3: Basin characteristic boundary line; B4: Surface water secondary basin boundary and / or hydrogeological unit boundary; B5: Aquifer group boundary, secondary watershed watershed and / or pre-set groundwater system boundary.

[0019] The pre-designated intermontane basin is a lowland unit with an area of ​​less than 100 km² and surrounded by mountains; the pre-designated groundwater system is a groundwater subsystem with an independent recharge-drainage relationship.

[0020] In some exemplary embodiments, step S15 includes:

[0021] Based on the region type of the primary evaluation region, the boundaries of the second to fifth level regions are sequentially divided within the primary evaluation region, wherein:

[0022] When the primary evaluation area belongs to the first type of area, the second level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter A2, the third level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter A3, the fourth level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter A4, and the fifth level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter A5.

[0023] When the primary evaluation area belongs to the second type of area, the second level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter B2, the third level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter B3, the fourth level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter B4, and the fifth level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter B5.

[0024] For each level of region division, if a corresponding boundary is found, the current level of division is completed according to that boundary before proceeding to the next level; if no corresponding boundary is found, the current level of division is automatically skipped and the next level is proceeded until the fifth level of division or the fifth level of boundary is found.

[0025] In some exemplary embodiments, the method further includes:

[0026] After completing the multi-level groundwater resource assessment zoning, topological consistency verification and correction are performed on each level of assessment zoning based on preset topological rules;

[0027] The preset topology rules include at least the following: closed boundaries, non-overlapping boundaries, continuous and complete boundaries, and shared public boundaries.

[0028] The correction includes automatically identifying or repairing boundaries that do not conform to topology rules through human-computer interaction.

[0029] In some exemplary embodiments, step S16 includes:

[0030] Set a name and / or number for each partition, read its hierarchical relationship, partition area, and partition boundary coordinates to form a structured partition information result.

[0031] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a groundwater resource zoning system is provided to characterize the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process, characterized in that the system comprises:

[0032] The data acquisition module is configured to acquire preset types of data for the target area, wherein the data includes at least digital elevation model raster data, topographic vector data, geological structure vector data, hydrogeological vector data, water system distribution vector data, and groundwater flow field vector data.

[0033] The data processing module is configured to use the digital elevation model raster data as the base layer of the target area, determine the target equal-area projection coordinate system, perform a unified equal-area projection transformation on the preset type of data in the target equal-area projection coordinate system, and construct a basic projection groundwater resource zoning map of the target area.

[0034] The determination module is configured to identify surface watershed and endorheic basin data that meet preset conditions in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, and to divide the projected groundwater resource zoning base map into regions using the surface watershed and endorheic basins that meet the preset conditions as regional division boundaries, thereby obtaining the primary evaluation area of ​​groundwater resources in the target area.

[0035] Among them, the watershed of the preset conditions is a watershed with an elevation of more than 4,000 meters, and the endorheic basin of the preset conditions is an endorheic basin with an area of ​​groundwater closure system greater than 100,000 km².

[0036] The first division module is configured to read the preset boundary line in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, perform spatial relationship identification between the groundwater resource primary evaluation area and the preset boundary line, and divide the primary evaluation area into a first type of area or a second type of area according to its spatial position relationship with the preset boundary line, wherein the first type of area indicates a first boundary parameter set, and the second type of area indicates a second boundary parameter set;

[0037] The second division module is configured to call the corresponding parameter set to perform multi-level progressive division of the primary evaluation area according to the area type, forming groundwater resource evaluation sub-areas of level two to five.

[0038] The correction module is configured to perform topology consistency verification and correction on each evaluation partition according to preset topology rules after multi-level partitioning is completed; wherein, the preset topology rules include at least: closed boundaries, non-overlapping boundaries, continuous and complete boundaries, and shared common boundaries; the correction includes automatic identification by the system or repair of boundaries that do not conform to the topology rules through human-computer interaction.

[0039] The forming module is configured to extract groundwater resource attribute information from the primary evaluation area and each evaluation sub-area, and generate groundwater resource zoning results for the target area based on the attribute information.

[0040] Each module is implemented by the same processor executing a computer program stored in memory, the computer program being configured to perform the steps of any of the methods described above.

[0041] The method and system provided in this disclosure acquire multi-source groundwater resource data of a target area and perform equal-area projection processing on the groundwater resource data to obtain a projection map of the target area integrating multi-source and multi-type groundwater resources. It identifies surface watersheds and endorheic basins that meet preset specifications within the target area. Using the surface watersheds and endorheic basins as boundaries, it determines the primary evaluation zones of groundwater resources in the target area. It then determines the regional type of the primary evaluation zones, assigns specific preset parameter values ​​to each type of primary evaluation zone, and further subdivides the primary evaluation zones into multiple levels based on these preset parameters. Finally, based on the attribute information of groundwater resources in the multiple-level zones, it forms the zoning information of groundwater resources in the target area, creating a groundwater resource zoning system with a clear hierarchical structure. This method and system combine key parameters characterizing the occurrence, transformation, and interaction of groundwater resources among atmospheric water, surface water, and different aquifers to achieve multi-level hierarchical zoning. This solves the problems of ambiguous boundaries, overlapping regions, mixed levels, and inconsistent scales in existing groundwater resource zoning, which seriously affect the management and evaluation of groundwater resources. This disclosure effectively improves the accuracy and completeness of groundwater resource zoning, constructs a multi-level zoning system for groundwater resources with clear levels, reasonable boundaries, and scientific zoning, systematically reveals the characteristics of groundwater resources at each level, provides a solid spatial framework for the scientific management and protection of groundwater, and enables comprehensive control over the replenishment and discharge of groundwater resources at both the overall and regional levels. This facilitates groundwater resource evaluation and management, and greatly promotes a precise leap in the efficiency of groundwater resource management.

[0042] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this disclosure, are used to provide a further understanding of this disclosure. The illustrative embodiments of this disclosure and their descriptions are used to explain this disclosure and do not constitute an undue limitation of this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a groundwater resource zoning method for characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the method of dividing a primary zone into multiple levels of partitions based on various preset parameters of the primary zone.

[0046] Figure 3An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of primary zones into secondary zones in northern China is shown, using the Songhua River basin as an example.

[0047] Figure 4 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of primary regions into secondary regions in the southern region, using the Yangtze River basin as an example;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a groundwater resource zoning method for characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0049] Figure 6 An exemplary flowchart illustrating a method for determining groundwater resource zoning using China as an example is provided.

[0050] Figure 7 An exemplary diagram illustrates how China's groundwater resources can be divided into 15 primary zones based on the identified surface watersheds and endorheic basins.

[0051] Figure 8 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of secondary zones into tertiary zones in northern China is shown, using the Songhua River basin as an example.

[0052] Figure 9 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of three-level zones into four-level zones in northern China is shown, using the Songhua River basin as an example.

[0053] Figure 10 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of the fourth-level zone into five-level zones in northern China is shown, taking the Songhua River basin as an example.

[0054] Figure 11 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of secondary zones into tertiary zones in the southern region, using the Yangtze River basin as an example;

[0055] Figure 12 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of the third-level region into four-level regions in the southern region, using the Yangtze River basin as an example;

[0056] Figure 13 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of the fourth-level region into five-level regions in the southern region is shown, taking the Yangtze River Basin as an example.

[0057] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a groundwater resource zoning system that characterizes the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0058] Figure 15 This is a block diagram illustrating a computer device according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this disclosure can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0060] All geological, hydrogeological, and topographical terms used in this disclosure, including but not limited to "Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary," "secondary watershed," "groundwater catchment basin," "intermontane depression," "micro-geomorphic unit," and "aquifer lithology section," are commonly used terms in this field that have been incorporated into national standards, industry technical guidelines, or authoritative textbooks. Their specific quantitative indicators (such as area range, catchment threshold, channel sequence, shape coefficient, permeability coefficient classification, and water-bearing grade) have been clearly defined in publicly available documents such as the "Specifications for Comprehensive Investigation of Regional Hydrogeology, Engineering Geology, and Environmental Geology (1:50000)" and the "Technical Guidelines for Statistical Characterization of Groundwater Environmental Background Values," and are well-known to those skilled in the art. This disclosure does not require further elaboration on these terms, their numerical boundaries, or commonly used expressions; for terms without specific numerical values, their meanings and quantitative ranges can be directly determined by referring to the aforementioned existing technologies.

[0061] In related technologies, groundwater resource zoning methods mainly rely on surface water basins (catchment areas) as the basis for division, failing to fully consider the distribution characteristics of groundwater systems. Furthermore, the inconsistent zoning standards and procedures among provinces and basins result in disjointed and inconsistent zoning, making it difficult to form a unified and holistic groundwater resource zoning system. This negatively impacts the overall evaluation and management of groundwater resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a groundwater resource zoning method that comprehensively considers the characteristics of groundwater systems, has a unified zoning approach and technical process, and characterizes the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation processes.

[0062] Based on this, this disclosure provides a groundwater resource zoning method that characterizes the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process. The target area is divided into multiple levels of zoning. The zoning criteria for each level of zoning, i.e., the preset parameters of the region, are determined according to the regional topography, geomorphology and hydrogeological characteristics of each level of zoning. This achieves accurate zoning of groundwater resources in the target area at each level, forming a relatively independent and clearly defined multi-level groundwater system. The hierarchical relationship between the upper and lower levels of zoning is clear, the boundaries of adjacent zoning at the same level are accurately defined and the hydraulic connection is clear, which facilitates the development of various tasks related to groundwater resource and environmental assessment and management.

[0063] This disclosure provides an exemplary embodiment of a groundwater resource zoning method for characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation processes. For example... Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a groundwater resource zoning method for characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process, according to an exemplary embodiment. (Reference) Figure 1 The method includes:

[0064] Step S11: Obtain data of a preset type for the target area, wherein the data includes at least digital elevation model raster data, topographic vector data, geological structure vector data, hydrogeological vector data, water system distribution vector data, and groundwater flow field vector data.

[0065] Based on the specific and complex groundwater resource environment of the target area, groundwater resource zoning is carried out in the target area. Especially when multi-level zoning is involved, multiple factors of surface and groundwater resources in the target area need to be comprehensively considered. The acquired data mainly includes topographic and geomorphological data, geological and hydrogeological data, and hydrological and water resource data. When zoning the target area, the system first accesses a pre-defined database and reads data specific to the target area. The data types include at least vector data and raster data, forming the pre-defined data type for the target area.

[0066] Depending on the partitioning hierarchy requirements, in some specific embodiments, the preset types of data read include:

[0067] Digital Elevation Model (DEM) raster data: used to characterize the surface elevation distribution and topographic relief features of a target area; it can be directly accessed from existing authoritative topographic maps or publicly available elevation datasets for the target area, or it can be re-acquired using existing technologies such as photogrammetry, lidar, synthetic aperture radar interferometry, or global navigation satellite system elevation sampling; the data is used to provide surface elevation information and to accurately delineate the boundaries of surface watersheds.

[0068] Topographic and geomorphological vector data (including geological spatial data and geomorphological data): used to characterize the spatial distribution and boundaries of different geomorphic units; it is a data set that expresses the surface elevation, morphological features, and boundaries of geomorphic units in a target area in a vector format, including basic topographic vector data (contour lines, topographic feature points), ridgelines, watershed lines, valley lines, river lines, lake boundaries, wetland boundaries, floodplains, terraces, alluvial fans, karst depressions, and other linear or areal geomorphic elements. This type of data is used to characterize the topographic relief, slope and aspect, water catchment and distribution relationships, geomorphic zoning structure, and spatial distribution of surface water bodies in a region, and is used to assist DEM in determining surface flow direction and watershed boundaries;

[0069] Geological structural vector data: used to characterize the spatial relationships of geological structural elements such as faults and folds; it is a data set that expresses the characteristics of underground and surface structures and the boundaries of structural units in vector geometric forms such as points, lines, and surfaces. It can include linear structural elements (faults, fold axes, stratigraphic contact lines, etc.), planar structural units (fault fracture zones, fold limbs, structural blocks, etc.), and point structural elements (fault intersections, fold axis points, joint points, etc.). It is used to describe the geological structural morphology and spatial distribution that affect the structure, conductivity, water resistance, and hydrogeological pattern of groundwater aquifers.

[0070] Hydrogeological vector data: used to characterize aquifer structure, hydrogeological units, and their spatial distribution characteristics; it is a spatial data set recording the hydrogeological units and their hydrogeological characteristics of a target area. It may include: aquifer and impermeable layer distribution elements (distribution areas of loose sedimentary aquifers, extension areas of fractured aquifers, development areas of karst aquifers, distribution areas of impermeable and weakly permeable layers, and zones of aquifer thickness variation), used to represent the spatial extent of different types of underground aquifers, semi-impermeable layers, and impermeable layers; groundwater recharge and discharge elements (the boundary line of seepage recharge between surface water bodies (rivers, lakes) and groundwater, groundwater discharge zones (spring groups, drainage ditches, etc.), artificial recharge areas, irrigation areas, infiltration canals, etc., and areas of strong groundwater evaporation), used to describe the influence of groundwater dynamic systems. The data includes recharge or discharge boundaries; groundwater flow and water level equipotential elements (groundwater isopotential lines, hydraulic gradient lines, locations of water level observation wells and their connections, groundwater flow direction indicators) to reflect the regional groundwater flow field and dynamic boundaries; and hydrogeological boundaries and control structures (groundwater watersheds, water storage boundaries (permeable boundaries, weakly permeable boundaries, water-blocking boundaries), regional hydrogeological zoning boundaries, and important structural zones that conduct water / impermeable to groundwater (such as fault aquifers)) to represent boundary elements that control or impede groundwater movement. This data uses geometric entities such as points, lines, and surfaces to describe spatial objects used for groundwater system analysis, including aquifers, impermeable layers, lithology, hydrogeological boundary structures, and groundwater recharge and discharge conditions.

[0071] Water system distribution vector data: used to characterize surface water bodies and their spatial network structure; it can include distribution maps of surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Vector data: a collection of geographic information data that spatially represents rivers, lakes, reservoirs, tidal flats, and other surface water bodies within a target area using vector point, line, and area elements. It includes river elements (centerlines of several levels of rivers (channel axes), major tributaries and confluence lines, drainage ditches, water diversion canals, irrigation channels, and river connectivity relationships (upstream and downstream topology)) used to represent natural rivers, artificial waterways, and their tributary systems. The data includes linear boundary features; lake and pond surface elements (lake boundary lines, shallow and deep water areas, seasonal water change areas) to represent the boundary range of relatively stable natural lakes, artificial lake areas, ponds, wetlands, etc.; reservoir and hydraulic structure water areas (reservoir area, upstream inundation line, dead water level line, and normal storage water level line) to represent the spatial range of artificially controlled water bodies; and point representations of river and lake nodes (important watersheds, confluences, cross-sectional control points, and large-scale water conservancy control facilities) to represent the location of hydrological observations or hydraulic control. Through clear geometric boundaries, topological relationships, and hydrological attributes, this data represents the distribution pattern, spatial morphology, and hydrological connectivity of surface water bodies with surrounding geographical elements.

[0072] Groundwater flow field vector data is used to characterize the flow state of groundwater in a target area. It can include groundwater level or head distribution, hydraulic gradient, groundwater flow direction, and optional groundwater flow velocity information.

[0073] Based on the integration of multi-source and multi-dimensional data, the problem of the concealment of the groundwater system in the target area and the complexity of cross-basin transmission is effectively solved, and the systematic integration of multiple dimensions such as topography, geology, hydrology and structure of the target area is realized.

[0074] Step S12: Using the digital elevation model raster data as the base layer of the target area, determine the target equal-area projection coordinate system, and perform a unified equal-area projection transformation on the preset types of data in the target equal-area projection coordinate system to construct a basic projection groundwater resource zoning map of the target area.

[0075] Based on multi-source data of the selected target area, a unified target equal-area projection coordinate system is established using equal-area projection technology. The multi-source data is then uniformly projected into the target equal-area projection coordinate system. Subsequently, corresponding projection settings are applied to various types of data. For example, projection definition and coordinate transformation are performed on all vector data, resampling and boundary clipping are performed on all raster data, and all resulting layers are registered. Coordinate system unification and consistency checks are performed to ensure that all layers are accurately superimposed in the unified target equal-area projection coordinate system, thereby generating a basic projection map of groundwater resource zoning for the target area.

[0076] In one embodiment of this disclosure, based on multi-source data (including vector data and raster data) of the selected target area, the system adaptively checks the original coordinate system or elevation datum of each data source, including geographic coordinate system and projected coordinate system, vertical datum, and other information. It then employs the Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection technique to establish a unified target equal-area projected coordinate system. Corresponding parameters include the central meridian (105°E), double standard parallels (25°N, 47°N), projection origin latitude (0°N), geographic datum (CGCS2000 geodetic coordinate system), etc.; and uses a digital elevation model (DEM). The model's raster data is used as the base layer and projected onto the target's equal-area projection coordinate system to form a basic geographic map of the target area. Using this as a reference, all other vector data undergo projection definition and coordinate transformation. Resampling and boundary clipping are performed on all other raster data. Specifically, bilinear interpolation resampling is used for the DEM, and nearest-neighbor resampling is used for categorical data. ArcGIS geoprocessing tools are used to check and verify the coordinate system uniformity and consistency of all layers, ensuring that all layers are accurately overlaid within a unified coordinate framework, and that the spatial extent, raster size, and coordinate system parameters of all layers are consistent with the DEM. After successful verification, a unified projection dataset is formed, and the aforementioned groundwater resource projection map is generated based on this dataset.

[0077] By employing the Albers equal-area conic projection technique to construct a unified geospatial benchmark, the multi-source heterogeneous surface and groundwater resource data of the target area are spatially registered and seamlessly integrated without area distortion or loss of accuracy, forming a unified data framework of "one map". This effectively solves the problem of data overlay deviation caused by different coordinate systems, and provides a high-precision, comprehensive, and computable unified analytical foundation for groundwater resource zoning assessment.

[0078] By adopting the equal-area projection method, the groundwater resources and surface water resources of the target area are integrated into the same coordinate system while ensuring data accuracy. This achieves seamless overlay and high-precision integration of multi-source data, providing a unified evaluation basis for the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater zoning in the target area.

[0079] Step S13: Identify the surface watershed and endorheic basin data that meet the preset conditions in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, and use the surface watershed and endorheic basins that meet the preset conditions as the dividing boundaries to divide the projected groundwater resource zoning base map into regions, thereby obtaining the primary evaluation area of ​​groundwater resources in the target area.

[0080] The watershed in the preset conditions is a watershed with an elevation higher than 4,000 meters, and the endorheic basin in the preset conditions is an endorheic basin with a relatively closed groundwater recharge-runoff-discharge relationship and an area greater than 100,000 km².

[0081] In one embodiment of this disclosure, when the projected groundwater resource zoning base map contains surface watershed and / or endorheic basin data that meet preset conditions, the surface watershed and endorheic basin are used as the dividing boundary to determine the primary groundwater resource evaluation zone of the target area.

[0082] Based on a projected groundwater resource zoning base map integrating various types of water resource data from the target area, digital elevation model raster data and topographic vector data are read to determine surface watersheds and endorheic basins in the target area that meet preset specifications. The preset conditions for the surface watershed characterize its elevation scale; for example, the elevation of the surface watershed is greater than a preset height. The preset height can be determined based on the topographic characteristics of the target area. For example, the preset height could be 4000 meters. The preset conditions for the endorheic basin characterize the area of ​​the groundwater closure system of the endorheic basin; for example, the area of ​​the groundwater closure system of the endorheic basin is greater than a preset area. The preset area can be determined based on the topographic characteristics of the target area. For example, the preset groundwater closure system area is 100,000 km². 2 Specifically, this involves identifying surface watersheds at altitudes above 4000 meters and groundwater closure systems covering an area greater than 100,000 km². 2 Data on large endorheic basins were used to determine the surface watershed and the large endorheic basins as boundaries.

[0083] If surface watershed and / or endorheic basin data that meet the preset criteria exist, the determined surface watershed and endorheic basin boundaries are read, and a primary evaluation zone for groundwater resources is identified in the target area. The primary evaluation zone can be divided according to the river basin and / or basin region based on the topography and hydrogeological characteristics of the target area.

[0084] Taking China as an example, this explanation clarifies that to facilitate the overall management and evaluation of water resources nationwide, the ten primary water resource zones (Songhua River Basin, Liao River Basin, Hai River Basin, Yellow River Basin, Huai River Basin, Northwest River Basins, Yangtze River Basin, Southeast River Basins, Pearl River Basin, and Southwest River Basins) are used as one of the criteria for delineating primary groundwater resource evaluation zones. Furthermore, considering the unique closed water cycle system of large endorheic basins, these basins are independently designated. Therefore, surface watersheds and endorheic basins meeting pre-defined conditions serve as the boundaries for delineating primary groundwater resource evaluation zones. This ensures the integrity, scientific rigor, and manageability of the hydrogeological zoning.

[0085] For example, surface watersheds with an altitude above 4,000 meters and groundwater closure systems covering an area greater than 100,000 km². 2 Using large endorheic basins as boundaries, watershed analysis can be conducted using software with spatial analysis capabilities, such as ArcGIS. China's groundwater resources are divided into 15 primary zones, specifically: 10 primary groundwater resource zones (i.e., preliminary evaluation zones), including the Songhua River Basin, Liao River Basin, Hai River Basin, Yellow River Basin, Huai River Basin, Northwest River Basin, Yangtze River Basin, Southeast River Basin, Pearl River Basin, and Southwest River Basin; and 5 primary zones of large endorheic basins (i.e., preliminary evaluation zones), including the Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin, Hexi Corridor and Beishan Mountains, Qaidam-Qinghai Lake Basin, Qiangtang Plateau, and Inner Mongolia Plateau. The Yarlung Tsangpo River, Nu River, and Lancang River are used as a whole for the Southwest River Basin, while the Northwest River Basin is divided by mountains with an elevation greater than 4000 meters.

[0086] If the projected groundwater resource zoning base map does not contain surface watershed and endorheic basin data that meet the preset conditions, then the primary groundwater resource evaluation zone of the target area is determined by one or more of the following data: groundwater catchment basin, hill catchment area, groundwater basin plain confluence area, mountain area, plain area, regional micro-topography, preset intermontane basin, aquifer lithology distribution, etc.

[0087] Specifically, when the target area lacks a pre-defined surface watershed and endorheic basin—for example, taking the Songhua River basin—this region lacks a watershed with an elevation higher than 4000 meters and a closed endorheic basin with an area greater than 100,000 km², therefore it cannot be demarcated based on the aforementioned surface watershed and endorheic basin boundaries. In this case, the following demarcation method will be used:

[0088] Based on the system's assessment, the Songhua River Basin in the primary evaluation area is located north of the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary, in the northern region, and belongs to the first category of areas. The system then calls the first boundary parameter set (A2-A5) to perform multi-level progressive division. Based on the boundary determined by the groundwater basin catchment area, the Songhua River Basin is divided into four evaluation zones (referred to as secondary zones): Hailar Basin (GA-3), Songnen Basin (GA-2), Sanjiang Plain (GA-1), and Suifenhe-Tumen River (GA-4).

[0089] The secondary zones are further subdivided. For example, in the Songnen Basin region, data on the surrounding hill catchment areas and / or the plain confluence areas of the groundwater basin catchment areas are read to determine the boundaries. Based on this, the Songnen Basin region is divided into tertiary zones.

[0090] The three-level zones are divided into four-level zones, based on the boundaries determined by data from mountainous and / or plain areas.

[0091] The fourth-level region is divided into five-level regions, based on the boundaries determined by regional micro-topography and / or pre-defined intermontane basin data.

[0092] Among them, groundwater catchment basins refer to areas with independent recharge-runoff-discharge processes, which are based on groundwater flow systems and are the basic units of the first-level hydrogeological zoning in the north.

[0093] The surrounding hilly catchment area of ​​a groundwater basin: refers to the mountainous part surrounding the basin, which is divided according to the next level of secondary watershed and is used to indicate the source of groundwater recharge in the mountainous area;

[0094] Groundwater basin plain catchment area: refers to the area in the plain where groundwater is concentrated and converged, and the division takes into account both the characteristics of the Quaternary aquifer and the watershed boundary.

[0095] Regional micro-topography: used to identify the control effect of local topographic changes on groundwater recharge and discharge;

[0096] Pre-defined intermontane basins: In the four-level zoning, intermontane basins or depressions with large mountainous areas are classified with reference to groundwater catchment basins.

[0097] Based on objective constraints from multiple sources of data and indicators such as topography, hydrogeology, and rock and soil mechanics, a progressive hierarchical classification database composed of multi-level parameters is constructed to implement multi-dimensional hierarchical zoning of target areas. The classification accuracy is significantly improved, the boundary positioning error is greatly reduced, and multi-level, all-round, high-precision and all-element groundwater resource classification is realized.

[0098] Step S14: Read the preset boundary line used for area type determination in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, perform spatial relationship identification on the groundwater resource primary evaluation area and the preset boundary line, and divide the primary evaluation area into a first type of area or a second type of area according to its spatial position relationship with the preset boundary line, wherein the first type of area indicates a first boundary parameter set, and the second type of area indicates a second boundary parameter set;

[0099] For example, based on pre-set DEM data, topographic data, hydrological data, and precipitation data of the Qinling Mountains, Huai River, and Yangtze River regions in the groundwater resource zoning system, a Qinling-Huai River geographical boundary is generated. Surface watershed and endorheic basin data that meet preset conditions are read, and the target region is divided into multiple primary evaluation zones according to the boundary. The Qinling-Huai River geographical boundary is then used as a regional type determination criterion and compared with the primary evaluation zones in terms of their spatial relationship. Based on the spatial relationship between the two, the regional type of the divided primary evaluation zones is determined. Specifically, the primary evaluation zones are divided into a first-class region and a second-class region. Based on geographical location, the first-class region can also be called the northern region, and the second-class region can also be called the southern region.

[0100] To achieve precise, step-by-step delineation of groundwater resources in the target area and form a relatively independent, clearly defined multi-level groundwater resource system, after dividing the area into multiple primary evaluation zones, boundary parameter sets corresponding to each primary evaluation zone can be determined based on the groundwater resource characteristics of each zone, which characterize the occurrence, transformation, and interaction processes of groundwater among atmospheric water, surface water, and different aquifers. These parameters serve as the basis for dividing the primary evaluation zones into multiple levels, thus enabling a multi-level, step-by-step division of the primary evaluation zones.

[0101] Wherein, the first type of region indicates the first boundary parameter set (A2, A3, A4, A5), and the second type of region indicates the second boundary parameter set (B2, B3, B4, B5).

[0102] Step S15: Based on the region type, call the corresponding parameter set to perform multi-level progressive division of the primary evaluation area, forming groundwater resource evaluation sub-areas of levels two to five;

[0103] Based on the type of the primary evaluation area determined in step S14, the system reads the boundary parameter set corresponding to the type of area, and by retrieving the preset parameters in the boundary parameter set one by one, the primary evaluation area is divided into two to five levels of evaluation zones.

[0104] For example, after determining the region type of the primary evaluation area, it can be further divided into multiple levels of evaluation zones based on the boundary parameter set corresponding to the primary evaluation area. For instance, based on various preset region parameters set for multi-level partitions corresponding to the primary evaluation area, the primary evaluation area can be divided into multiple second-level regions, further divided into multiple third-level regions, further divided into multiple fourth-level regions, and so on, forming multiple levels of evaluation zones.

[0105] Depending on the level, the preset parameters may include: digital elevation model raster data and topographic vector data for determining surface watersheds; geological and geological structure vector data for characterizing stratigraphic lithology and tectonic water-conducting properties; hydrogeological vector data for determining aquifer lithology and distribution; water system vector data for determining the distribution of surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs for determining watershed boundaries and groundwater recharge and discharge conditions; spatial distribution vector data of hydrological monitoring stations as one of the reference bases when zoning boundaries cross rivers; groundwater flow field data for identifying groundwater watersheds; and vector data of water resource zones at level 3 and above, and vector data of administrative divisions at the county level and above.

[0106] By using relevant parameters of groundwater resources that characterize the occurrence, transformation, and interaction of groundwater among atmospheric water, surface water, and different aquifers, multiple levels of zoning can be defined. This multi-level, layer-by-layer division of multiple primary evaluation zones can result in a clear hierarchical structure of groundwater resource zoning in the target area, distinct upper and lower levels, clear and reasonable boundaries, and a moderate evaluation area. This makes the zoning of groundwater resources easier for environmental management and evaluation.

[0107] S16, extract groundwater resource attribute information of the primary evaluation area and each evaluation sub-area, and generate groundwater resource zoning results for the target area based on the attribute information.

[0108] The evaluation zones at multiple levels are uniformly graded, numbered, and named, and their areas, coordinates, boundaries, and relationships are obtained. This generates groundwater resource attribute information for each evaluation zone and overall attribute information for groundwater resources across multiple levels. Attribute information mainly includes: hierarchical and peer relationships, zone name and number, zone area, boundaries, and coordinates. By statistically analyzing the attribute information of all zones, groundwater resource zoning information for the target area is formed. This groundwater resource zoning information establishes a standardized coding system and a comprehensive attribute database for the target area's multi-level zoning. It enables unified naming and grading of groundwater resource evaluation areas, and integrates zone area, boundary coordinates, hierarchical affiliation, and peer-related information, forming a "space-attribute-relationship" groundwater resource zoning information set. This significantly improves data standardization and management granularity, providing a structured, computable, and easily accessible information foundation for precise groundwater resource planning and tiered policy implementation.

[0109] In this embodiment, by acquiring specific data for the target region, multiple types of data are projected onto the same target projection coordinate system to achieve a unified evaluation system with seamless overlay of various layers. Then, surface watersheds and endorheic basins that meet preset conditions are used to determine boundary conditions for delineating primary evaluation zones. Parameters representing the groundwater occurrence, transformation, and interaction processes among atmospheric water, surface water, and different aquifers are used as the basis for multi-level zoning. This multi-level, layer-by-layer division of the primary evaluation zones significantly improves the accuracy and scientific level of groundwater resource zoning. It effectively solves the problems in existing technologies where zoning standards and processes are inconsistent across provinces and river basins, resulting in disjointed and mismatched zones, making it difficult to form a unified and holistic groundwater resource zoning system. The technical solution disclosed here provides a groundwater resource zoning method and system, creating a multi-level groundwater zoning system with clear boundaries, well-defined hierarchical relationships, and clear hydraulic connections at the same level. This significantly improves the accuracy and scientific level of groundwater resource zoning, effectively supporting the refinement, grid-based, and scientific management of groundwater resources and environment, and laying a reliable spatial foundation for precise dynamic monitoring and system evaluation.

[0110] In step S11, the preset types of data also include: spatial distribution vector data of hydrological monitoring stations, vector data of water resource zones at level 3 and above, and vector data of administrative divisions at the county level and above.

[0111] Hydrogeological station distribution vector data: This is a collection of geographic information data recording the spatial location and monitoring attributes of various hydrogeological observation stations within a target area. It can include groundwater level observation stations (confined aquifer monitoring wells, unconfined aquifer monitoring wells, multi-layer monitoring wells) to reflect the location of monitoring wells reflecting dynamic changes in groundwater; hydrogeological sampling and water quality monitoring stations (water quantity monitoring wells, spring observation points, water supply well sampling points) to collect groundwater quantity information; groundwater recharge and discharge monitoring points (spring flow measurement points, evaporation monitoring points, surface water-groundwater interaction zone monitoring points, recharge test wells, injection point locations) to monitor groundwater recharge or discharge processes; and groundwater dynamic section control points (water level section layout points, hydrodynamic parameter testing wells) to calibrate groundwater flow direction and hydrodynamic conditions, uniformly expressing monitoring point information such as groundwater dynamics, water level, water quality, aquifer properties, and groundwater-surface water interaction.

[0112] Vector data of water resource zones at or above level 3: serving as the spatial basis for administrative and natural hydrological zoning;

[0113] Vector data of administrative divisions at the county level and above: used to define boundaries based on administrative regions.

[0114] Step S14 involves a crucial step in determining the regional type of the primary evaluation area. To scientifically reflect the essential differences between northern and southern China in terms of climate, landforms, hydrogeology, and groundwater system structure, this disclosure establishes a pre-defined boundary line with clear geographical and climatic significance as the benchmark for regional type classification.

[0115] Specifically, after the initial delineation of the primary evaluation area (i.e., the first-level area) is completed, the system automatically reads the preset geographical boundary elements from the projected groundwater resource zoning base map. These elements can be the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary line or the 800 mm isohyet (line of average annual precipitation). Both are recognized north-south dividing lines in my country's natural geography and hydro-climate fields: the former originates from the traditional geographical division between the warm temperate and subtropical zones, while the latter directly reflects the significant gradient changes in precipitation replenishment capacity. The two highly overlap spatially, possessing good representativeness and operability.

[0116] Subsequently, a spatial relationship analysis is performed on each primary evaluation area and the preset boundary line. If the entire spatial range of a primary evaluation area is located north of the preset boundary line, it is determined to belong to the first type of area (i.e., the northern area); if its entire spatial range is located south of the boundary line, it is determined to belong to the second type of area (i.e., the southern area). For primary evaluation areas that cross the boundary line, the system further calculates the area ratio of its northern and southern parts: if the area ratio of either part is ≥2 / 3, the whole area belongs to that side of the area type; if the area ratio of both the northern and southern parts is less than 2 / 3, the primary evaluation area is divided into two sub-areas using the boundary line as the dividing line, and then processed according to the first type or the second type of area respectively.

[0117] Specifically, determining the region type of the primary evaluation area includes:

[0118] If the primary evaluation area is entirely located north of the preset boundary line, then its area type is the first type of area; if the primary evaluation area is entirely located south of the preset boundary line, then its area type is the second type of area.

[0119] If the primary evaluation area crosses the preset boundary line, then calculate the area ratio of its location in the first type of region and the second type of region;

[0120] If the larger one is ≥2 / 3, then the entire primary evaluation area is classified into the corresponding area type.

[0121] If the larger one is less than 2 / 3, then the primary evaluation area is divided into a first sub-region and a second sub-region using the preset dividing line as the boundary, and then further divided according to the first type of region and the second type of region respectively.

[0122] In some specific embodiments, the preset boundary line is the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary line. Therefore, determining the regional type of the primary evaluation area includes:

[0123] If the primary evaluation area is entirely located north of the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary, then its regional type is the first type of region;

[0124] If the primary evaluation area is entirely located south of the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary, then its regional type is the second type of region;

[0125] If the primary evaluation area crosses the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary, then calculate the area ratio of its location in the first category area and the second category area;

[0126] If the larger one is ≥2 / 3, then the entire first-level area is classified into the corresponding area type;

[0127] If the larger one is less than 2 / 3, then the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary line is used as the boundary to divide the primary evaluation area into a first sub-region and a second sub-region, and then further subdivided according to the first type of region and the second type of region respectively.

[0128] This discrimination mechanism ensures that the division of regional types respects the natural geographical pattern while taking into account the integrity of administrative and management units, avoiding the fragmentation of the hydrogeological system due to mechanical division.

[0129] This disclosure enables the preliminary judgment of the differentiated zoning logic between the North and South, providing a precise basis for subsequent multi-level progressive zoning; it effectively integrates natural geographical boundaries with hydrological and climatic characteristics, giving the zoning system a solid physical foundation and regional adaptability; it solves the problem of the traditional "one-size-fits-all" zoning approach that leads to the mixed treatment of densely river-networked areas in the South and closed basins in the North, significantly improving the scientific rigor and practicality of the zoning results.

[0130] After completing the regional type identification of the primary evaluation area, this disclosure calls the matching boundary parameter set according to its category and implements multi-level progressive fine division.

[0131] In step S14, for the inland closed or semi-closed groundwater basin system that is widely developed under the arid-semi-arid climate background in the north, the present invention constructs a progressive parameter system with the groundwater catchment basin as the core; for the characteristics of strong coupling between surface water and groundwater, dense river network and complex aquifer structure under the humid climate in the south, the present invention constructs a parameter system with the watershed-aquifer as the core.

[0132] The boundary parameters of the first boundary parameter set include:

[0133] A2: Boundary of groundwater catchment basin; the boundary can be obtained based on national hydrogeological survey data, hydrological station data and existing groundwater mapping data.

[0134] The outline of the groundwater catchment area is extracted by digital elevation model (DEM), topographic slope and flow direction analysis, forming the boundary of the groundwater catchment basin.

[0135] A3: The boundary of the catchment area of ​​the hills surrounding the groundwater basin and / or the boundary of the plain confluence area of ​​the groundwater basin; the catchment area of ​​the hills around the basin can be determined by topographic analysis, and the boundary of the catchment area of ​​the hills can be obtained based on elevation gradient and geomorphic unit division.

[0136] The boundaries of the plain catchment area can be extracted through surface water flow path analysis, DEM, and geological profile data.

[0137] A4: Boundary line between mountainous and plain areas; can be obtained through terrain slope threshold determination, DEM analysis, or existing terrain zoning data.

[0138] Linear boundaries are formed in GIS to distinguish the impact of different terrain types on groundwater transport.

[0139] A5: Boundaries of regional micro-geomorphic units and / or pre-defined intermontane basin boundaries;

[0140] The boundaries of micro-topographic units can be extracted through remote sensing image analysis, soil type distribution, and topographic relief.

[0141] The boundaries of intermontane basins can be pre-defined based on DEM, geological profiles, and hydrogeological survey results.

[0142] The aforementioned first boundary parameters can be converted into GIS vector data after acquisition, and used for spatial analysis and primary evaluation area delineation.

[0143] The boundary parameters of the second boundary parameter set include:

[0144] B2: Preset the river basin boundary or section boundary point; can be extracted based on hydrological station data, watershed delineation standards, and DEM.

[0145] Section boundaries can be obtained through the division of the main river network and the analysis of hydrological characteristic nodes.

[0146] B3: Watershed characteristic boundary line; determined based on watershed slope, river network density, and hydrogeological unit division.

[0147] Watershed boundaries can be generated through GIS spatial analysis, which can be used to guide water resource assessment and zoning.

[0148] B4: Boundary of a secondary watershed and / or boundary of a hydrogeological unit; the boundary of a secondary watershed can be calculated based on the river classification system, watershed area, and river network density.

[0149] The boundaries of hydrogeological units can be obtained through borehole data, water level observations, hydrogeological profiles, and existing survey results.

[0150] B5: Aquifer group boundary, secondary watershed watershed, and / or pre-designated groundwater system boundary. Aquifer group boundaries can be determined based on borehole hydrological data, hydrogeological profiles, and groundwater hydrological analysis.

[0151] Secondary watershed watersheds and preset groundwater system boundaries can be generated by combining DEM, watershed delineation, and groundwater flow direction simulation results.

[0152] The aforementioned second type of regional boundary parameters can also be converted into GIS vector data for regional zoning, spatial relationship analysis, and determination of primary evaluation areas.

[0153] All boundary parameters can be obtained from existing mapping, hydrogeological surveys, remote sensing images, or DEM data.

[0154] Once acquired, the data can be processed in a GIS system to generate vector data for spatial analysis.

[0155] All of the above boundary parameters can be converted into standardized GIS vector data and used in spatial analysis under a unified equal-area projection coordinate system to ensure the spatial consistency and topological correctness of the boundaries of each level of partition.

[0156] The progressive partitioning framework constructed in this disclosure, which corresponds one-to-one with regional type, parameter set, and hierarchical boundary, achieves systematic zoning from macro to micro. The parameter design closely follows the essential differences in groundwater occurrence and transformation processes between the north and south, emphasizing basin structure in the north and watershed-aquifer in the south, significantly improving the hydrogeological rationality of the partitioning units. Each level of boundary has a clear data source and extraction method, supporting automated processing and human-machine collaborative verification, ensuring the repeatability and engineering applicability of the partitioning results. It provides basic units with appropriate scale, closed boundaries, and hydraulic integrity for subsequent groundwater resource assessment, registration, and dynamic monitoring, laying the spatial foundation for refined management.

[0157] In step S15, based on the region type of the primary evaluation region, the corresponding first boundary parameter set or second boundary parameter set is called to perform multi-level progressive division of the primary evaluation region, forming evaluation partitions of level two to five.

[0158] In the primary evaluation area, the corresponding boundaries are searched sequentially from level two to level five. If the primary evaluation area belongs to the first type of region, then:

[0159] When dividing into the second level, find the boundary corresponding to parameter A2;

[0160] When dividing into the third level, find the boundary corresponding to parameter A3;

[0161] When dividing into the fourth level, find the boundary corresponding to parameter A4;

[0162] When dividing into the fifth level, find the boundary corresponding to parameter A5;

[0163] If its area type is Category II, then:

[0164] When dividing into the second level, find the boundary corresponding to parameter B2;

[0165] When dividing into the third level, find the boundary corresponding to parameter B3;

[0166] When dividing into the fourth level, find the boundary corresponding to parameter B4;

[0167] When dividing into the fifth level, find the boundary corresponding to parameter B5;

[0168] Each level of partitioning performs the following judgment:

[0169] If the boundary is found, the current level of partitioning is completed according to the boundary, and the next level of partitioning is proceeded.

[0170] If the boundary of the current division is not found, skip this level and continue to search for the next level boundary. If no corresponding boundary is found in the second to fifth levels of division, retain the current area to be divided as the final partitioning unit and do not perform further division. The boundaries corresponding to parameters A2-A5 are determined by superimposing the digital elevation model with the groundwater flow field vector. The aquifer lithological abrupt change zones corresponding to parameters B2-B5 are determined by extracting the lithological partition boundaries from the hydrogeological map.

[0171] The pre-designated intermontane basin is a lowland unit with an area of ​​less than 100 km² and enclosed by mountains; the pre-designated groundwater system is a groundwater subsystem with relatively independent recharge-drainage relationships.

[0172] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment, in response to the region type of the primary area (i.e., the initial evaluation area) being a first-class area, the boundary of the groundwater catchment basin is located in the primary area, and a secondary area (i.e., a second-class area) is determined based on the boundary; or, in response to the region type of the primary area being a second-class area, a secondary area is determined in the primary area using a large river segment or basin as the boundary; and / or

[0173] In response to the secondary zone of the primary zone being classified as a first-class region, the boundaries of the surrounding hill catchment areas and / or the plain confluence areas of the groundwater basin are located within the secondary zone. Based on these boundaries, the tertiary zones (i.e., third-level regions) within the secondary zone are determined. Alternatively, in response to the secondary zone of the primary zone being classified as a second-class region, the watershed characteristics of the pre-defined river's basin are located within the secondary zone to determine the delineation boundaries and delineate the tertiary zones within the secondary zone; and / or

[0174] In response to the secondary zone being classified as a first-class region, the boundaries of mountainous and / or plain areas are located within the secondary zone to determine the fourth-class region (i.e., the fourth-level region); or, in response to the secondary zone being classified as a second-class region, the surface water basin and / or hydrogeological features are located within the secondary zone to determine the demarcation boundaries and demarcate the fourth-class region within the secondary zone; and / or

[0175] In response to the fact that the fourth-level area of ​​the third-level area is the first type of area, the regional micro-topography and / or the pre-set intermontane basin boundary are searched in the fourth-level area to determine the fifth-level area (i.e., the fifth-level area) in the fourth-level area; or, in response to the fact that the fourth-level area of ​​the third-level area is the second type of area, the distribution of aquifer lithology, secondary watersheds and / or the pre-set groundwater system are searched in the fourth-level area to determine the delineation boundary and delineate the fifth-level area in the fourth-level area.

[0176] The multi-level progressive division in step S15 includes a secondary zone division. Within each primary zone, the secondary zones are further divided into four types based on regional hydrogeological characteristics. These four types belong to type A2 or B2: The first type uses the surface watershed formed by high mountains within the region as the dividing boundary to determine the secondary zone boundary. Specifically, in the Songhua River Basin and Liao River Basin, mountains with an altitude higher than 900m are used as the watershed to delineate the secondary groundwater resource zone; in the Huai River Basin, mountains with an altitude higher than 300m are used as the watershed to delineate the secondary groundwater resource zone; in the Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin, and Qaidam Basin, mountains with an altitude higher than 3500m are used as the watershed to delineate the secondary zone; and in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, mountains with an altitude higher than 1000m are used as the watershed to delineate the secondary zone.

[0177] The second type uses the basin boundaries of major tributaries or secondary rivers as the dividing boundaries. Among them, the Hexi Corridor and the northern mountainous area are divided into secondary zones based on the basin boundaries of the Shiyang River, Heihe River, and Shule River; the Pearl River Basin is divided into secondary zones based on the basin boundaries of the Beijiang River, Xijiang River, Dongjiang River, and the rivers in northern Hainan; and the Southwest Rivers Basin is divided into secondary zones based on the basin boundaries of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Nujiang River, and Lancang River. The boundaries are first automatically extracted from the basins using a digital elevation model (DEM), and then confirmed through human-computer interaction.

[0178] The third type divides the main stream into secondary zones based on key control hydrological stations as section boundaries, aiming to achieve quantifiable control of surface water inflow and outflow processes at the zone scale. Specifically, the Yellow River basin is divided into four secondary zones using Lanzhou Station, Toudaoguai Station, and Taohuayu Station as nodes; the Yangtze River basin is divided into five secondary zones using Yibin, Yichang, Jiujiang, and Zhenjiang Stations as nodes.

[0179] The fourth type uses the hydrogeological boundary between mountainous and plain areas as the dividing line. This type is only applicable to the Haihe River Basin. Because its basin area is relatively limited, and the plain part is the North China Plain, which has the highest level of groundwater survey and evaluation work and the most urgent management needs in the country, the Haihe River Basin is divided into a mountainous secondary zone and a plain secondary zone at the secondary zone division stage, based on the hydrogeological map and using the interface between the bedrock aquifer, karst aquifer and Quaternary loose porous aquifer as the boundary.

[0180] Furthermore, in the three-level zoning, the Songhua River, Liao River, Huai River, Junggar, Tarim, Qaidam, Inner Mongolia Plateau, and Yangtze River basins are all divided based on hydrogeological maps, with the interface between the bedrock / karst aquifer and the Quaternary aquifer as the dividing boundary, realizing the three-level zoning of mountainous and plain areas; the mountainous part of the Haihe River basin is divided with reference to the water resources three-level zoning boundary issued by the water resources department; the Yellow River basin separates the inland and outflow areas, and its dividing boundary refers to the existing boundary of the inland / outflow zoning in the water resources zoning of the water resources department; the Pearl River basin, the southwestern river area, the southeastern river area, and the Qiangtang Plateau area are directly divided with the water resources three-level zoning boundary issued by the water resources department.

[0181] Further, in the fourth-level zoning stage: the hilly areas of the Songhua River and Liao River basins are divided according to the boundaries of the fourth-level water resources zoning by the water resources department, while the plains are further subdivided according to the boundaries of the second-level water resources zoning; the mountainous areas of the Hai River basin are divided according to hydrogeological maps, based on the boundaries of three types of hydrogeological units: bedrock aquifers, Quaternary aquifers in intermontane basins, and karst aquifers; the plains are divided according to geomorphological maps, based on the boundaries of geomorphological units such as alluvial plains, ancient river channels, and alluvial-marine plains; the Huai River and Yellow River basins are divided as a whole according to... Geomorphic boundary delineation: In all the above-mentioned areas, the boundaries of the zones shall be adjusted locally based on the location of the hydrological monitoring stations. The Qaidam Basin is divided into four levels of zones according to the mountain-plain boundary line. The Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin, Yangtze River Basin, Southwest River Basin, Pearl River Basin, and Southeast River Basin shall uniformly adopt the water resources four-level zone boundaries of the water conservancy department. Among them, desert distribution areas (such as Taklamakan Desert, Gurbantünggüt Desert, etc.) shall be delineated separately as independent four-level zones.

[0182] In the five-level zoning: the Songhua River and Liao River basins are divided according to the boundaries of the five-level water resources zones by the water resources department, with some local adjustments made based on micro-geomorphic boundaries; the Huai River basin is divided according to the boundaries of the five-level water resources zones; the Southeast River Basin, Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin and Hexi Corridor area are identified and delineated based on hydrogeological maps, with intermontane basins less than 100 km² in area and enclosed by mountains as independent five-level zones; the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins comprehensively utilize hydrogeological maps and topographic maps to distinguish karst aquifers, bedrock fissure aquifers, and Quaternary porous aquifers in intermontane basins, and divide them into different five-level zones; the Qaidam Basin is divided according to the boundaries of the four-level water resources zones by the water resources department.

[0183] All the above-mentioned division operations were completed under a unified equal-area projection coordinate system and strictly followed the principle of "complete and controllable replenishment-pathway-drainage process" to ensure that each evaluation zone has an independent or semi-independent groundwater system structure, supporting subsequent water balance accounting and resource management decisions.

[0184] In this embodiment, the differences in groundwater resources caused by regional differences between the north and south are fully considered. Preset DEM data, topographic data, hydrological data, and annual precipitation data of the Qinling Mountains, Huai River, and Yangtze River basins are read to generate the Qinling-Huai River geographical boundary line. This boundary line is compared with the location of the primary zone to determine the type of the primary zone and its preset parameters. Corresponding to the primary zone, for secondary zones belonging to the first category, the parameters are determined based on the surrounding hill catchment areas and / or the groundwater basin plain confluence areas of their groundwater basin catchment areas. The system divides groundwater resources into three levels based on defined boundaries, then into four levels based on boundaries defined by mountainous and / or plain areas, and finally into five levels based on boundaries defined by regional micro-topography and / or pre-designated intermontane basins. For secondary zones belonging to the second category, the system further divides groundwater resources into three levels based on boundaries defined by the characteristics of pre-designated river basins, four levels based on boundaries defined by surface water basins and / or hydrogeological characteristics, and finally into five levels based on boundaries defined by aquifer lithology distribution, secondary watersheds, and / or pre-designated groundwater systems. By differentiating primary zone types by geographical location, the groundwater resource zoning at each level better reflects reality, enabling more accurate assessment and management of groundwater resources.

[0185] The preset river can be any river that can support the division of the primary area into secondary areas. For example, the preset river can be a large river and / or a river that flows through multiple provinces and cities.

[0186] Micro-topography can be any landform that supports the division of a four-level zone into a five-level zone, such as undulating hills, slopes, depressions, and other small terrain units within a four-level zone.

[0187] The preset intermontane basin can be any intermontane basin that supports the division of the fourth-level zone into the fifth-level zone. For example, the preset intermontane basin can be a lowland within the mountainous boundary with an area of ​​less than 100 km² in the fourth-level zone.

[0188] Specifically, if the target primary area is determined to be a Class I area based on a comparison of its spatial location with the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary, then the target primary area is divided into multiple secondary areas based on groundwater catchment basins with a groundwater closed system area greater than 100,000 km² as shown in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map. For example... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This example illustrates the division of primary regions into secondary regions in northern China, using the Songhua River basin as an example. Taking the Songhua River basin (GA section in the diagram) as the primary region, the entire primary region belongs to the first category of areas. The boundaries of the groundwater catchment basin can be determined using groundwater catchment basins as preset parameters, and the Songhua River basin can be divided into secondary regions. For example, the Songhua River basin can be divided into four secondary regions: Hailar Basin (GA-3), Songnen Basin (GA-2), Sanjiang Plain (GA-1), and Suifenhe-Tumen River (GA-4).

[0189] If the target primary area is determined to belong to the second type of area, the boundaries of different watersheds are determined by the river basins within the primary area or by using preset parameters, and the primary area is divided into multiple secondary areas, or the boundaries are determined by different sections of the river, and the primary area is divided into multiple secondary areas.

[0190] like Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This example illustrates a schematic diagram of dividing a primary region into secondary regions within a southern region, using the Yangtze River basin as an example. Taking the Yangtze River basin as the primary region, which belongs to the southern region, the secondary regions can be defined by the basins of its tributaries. For instance, the Yangtze River basin can be divided into five secondary regions: the Jinsha River basin, the Dadu River basin, the Han River basin, the Poyang Lake and Chaohu Lake system, and the Yangtze River Delta confluence area. Alternatively, the Yangtze River basin can be divided into five sections via the catchment points it flows through, such as Yibin, Yichang, Jiujiang, and Zhenjiang, and these sections can be used as boundaries to further divide the Yangtze River basin into five secondary regions.

[0191] Based on the regional type of the area to be divided, the primary zone is divided into five levels of sub-zones, and the sub-zones of different levels are based on different preset parameters. This is a groundwater resource zoning theory and method that characterizes the occurrence, transformation and interaction of groundwater among atmospheric water, surface water and different water-bearing media. It can more accurately reflect the distribution of groundwater and lay the foundation for groundwater resource investigation, monitoring, evaluation and registration.

[0192] In the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, based on the five-level zoning of groundwater resources, the five-level zones can be further subdivided. For example, the five-level zones can be divided into six levels based on the boundaries determined by the geological features of the karst, hilly, and plain areas of the five-level zones. This is to more accurately reflect the specific situation of groundwater resources in a certain area.

[0193] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a groundwater resource zoning method characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process, according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 5 As shown in the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the groundwater resource zoning method for characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process further includes:

[0194] After dividing the primary area into at least one level of partitions, the topological relationship between each level of partitions and the previous level partition is checked according to preset topology rules.

[0195] The partitions at multiple levels are corrected based on topological relationships.

[0196] After the groundwater resource zoning of the target area is completed, a system adaptive test is performed on the topological relationship between each zoning and its superior zoning. Specifically, the topological relationship between each newly divided groundwater resource zoning and its superior zoning is checked, and the spatial relationship between the boundaries of multiple levels of zoning is corrected to ensure that the boundaries within the same level of zoning are completely closed, non-overlapping, continuous and complete, share common boundaries, and have no omissions. Boundary closure means that the boundary of each evaluation unit forms a closed polygon; boundary non-overlapping means that there are no intersections or overlaps between the boundaries of different evaluation units; boundary continuous and complete means that there are no gaps or omissions; and shared common boundaries mean that adjacent evaluation units maintain consistency along common boundary nodes or lines. For areas with complex geological structures, fine-tuning can be assisted by human-computer interaction to accurately eliminate topological errors. After the topological relationship is corrected, the topological test is run again, iterating multiple times until all topological errors are zero. Multi-level linkage correction of multiple levels of zoning not only ensures the strict consistency of the boundaries of each level of zoning and improves the accuracy of multi-level groundwater zoning, but also provides technical support for groundwater resource evaluation and management.

[0197] Step S16 includes setting names and / or numbers for each partition, reading its hierarchical relationship, partition area, and partition boundary coordinates to form a structured partitioning result.

[0198] After completing the multi-level partitioning of the target area, the partitions at multiple levels are uniformly numbered and named, and the hierarchical relationship, partition area, partition boundary and partition coordinates are read to form the groundwater resource attribute information of each partition and the multi-level partition attribute information of the groundwater resources of the target area.

[0199] For example, taking China as an example, groundwater resources can be divided into five levels: Level 1 (15 zones), Level 2 (44 zones), Level 3 (137 zones), Level 4 (455 zones), and Level 5 (904 zones). These zones are numbered and named to determine their hierarchical relationships. The area, boundaries, and coordinates of each zone are then retrieved to generate multi-level distribution information of groundwater resources in the target area. In practical applications, a specific level of groundwater resource zone can be selected as the groundwater resource evaluation unit. This unit serves as the basic unit for groundwater resource balance analysis, error identification, and the rationality analysis of evaluation parameters.

[0200] In the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the primary zones are divided by surface watersheds that meet preset conditions. At the same time, relevant parameters of groundwater resources that characterize the occurrence, transformation and interaction of groundwater among atmospheric water, surface water and different water-bearing media are used as the basis for dividing multiple levels of zones. The multiple primary zones are divided into multiple levels layer by layer, which can make the groundwater resource zoning structure of the target area clear, the upper and lower levels distinct, and the size appropriate, making the zoning of groundwater resources more convenient for environmental management.

[0201] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, a groundwater resource zoning method for characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process is provided, taking China as an example, to illustrate the method provided in this disclosure. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 An exemplary flowchart illustrating a method for determining groundwater resource zoning using China as an example is shown below:

[0202] Obtain China's digital elevation model raster data, topographic vector data, and one or more of the following: geological and geological structure vector data, hydrogeological vector data, surface water distribution vector data of lakes and reservoirs, spatial distribution vector data of hydrological monitoring stations, groundwater flow field map vector data, vector data of water resource zones at level III and above, and vector data of administrative divisions at the county level and above;

[0203] Based on the above data, the data is projected onto a unified target equal-area projection coordinate system using the Albers equal-area projection technique in both vector and raster data formats, thereby generating a basic map of China's groundwater resource zoning.

[0204] Based on the aforementioned basic map of groundwater resource zoning, locate the surface watersheds in China with elevations above 4000 meters and groundwater system closure areas exceeding 100,000 km². 2 The inland basins, with surface watersheds and large inland basins as boundaries, define multiple primary zones of groundwater resources in China.

[0205] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 An exemplary diagram illustrates how China's groundwater resources can be divided into 15 primary zones based on identified surface watersheds and large endorheic basins. These 15 zones include the Songhua River Basin, Liao River Basin, Inner Mongolia Plateau, Hai River Basin, Yellow River Basin, Hexi Corridor and Beishan Mountains, Junggar Basin, Tarim Basin, Qiangtang Plateau, Qaidam Basin and Qinghai Lake Basin, Southwest Rivers Region, Yangtze River Basin, Huai River Basin, Pearl River Basin, and Southeast Rivers Region.

[0206] Based on the preset hydrogeological data of the Qinling Mountains, Huaihe River and Yangtze River basins, the Qinling-Huaihe River geographical boundary is generated. Based on the Qinling-Huaihe River geographical boundary, the location relationship between the primary regions and the boundary is compared, and the 15 primary regions are divided into the first category region (or the northern region) and the second category region (or the southern region).

[0207] In response to the primary zone being classified as a first-class area, the groundwater basin catchment area is located within the primary zone, boundaries are determined, and the primary zone is divided into multiple secondary zones, or

[0208] In response to the primary zone being classified as a secondary zone, the basin or section of a predefined river is located within the primary zone, boundaries are determined, and the primary zone is divided into multiple secondary zones; and / or

[0209] In response to the primary region being classified as a first-class region, the boundaries of the surrounding hill catchment areas and / or the groundwater basin plain confluence areas of the groundwater basin are located within the secondary region. Based on these boundaries, the secondary region is determined to be divided into multiple tertiary regions. Alternatively, in response to the primary region being classified as a second-class region, the watershed characteristics of a pre-defined river basin are located within the secondary region to determine the boundaries, and the secondary region is divided into multiple tertiary regions; and / or

[0210] In response to the secondary zone being classified as a first-class region, the boundaries of mountainous and / or plain areas are located within the secondary zone, and the secondary zone is divided into multiple quaternary zones; or, in response to the secondary zone being classified as a second-class region, surface watersheds and / or hydrogeological features are located within the secondary zone, boundaries are determined, and the secondary zone is divided into multiple quaternary zones; and / or

[0211] In response to the fact that the fourth-level area of ​​the third-level area is a first-class area, the boundaries of regional micro-topography and / or pre-set intermontane basins are found in the fourth-level area, and the fourth-level area is divided into multiple fifth-level areas; in response to the fact that the fourth-level area of ​​the third-level area is a second-class area, the boundaries of aquifer lithology distribution, secondary watersheds and / or pre-set groundwater systems are found in the fourth-level area, and the fourth-level area is divided into multiple fifth-level areas.

[0212] Taking the Songhua River Basin as an example, a first-level region, this illustrates the division method of second-level and lower-level regions in northern China:

[0213] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of primary zones into secondary zones in northern China is provided, using the Songhua River basin as an example. The Songhua River basin is located in northern China and is divided into four secondary zones based on the boundaries defined by the catchment areas of the groundwater basins: the Hailar Basin (GA-3), the Songnen Basin (GA-2), the Sanjiang Plain (GA-1), and the Suifenhe-Tumen River Basin (GA-4).

[0214] The secondary zone is divided into tertiary zones, such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of secondary zones into tertiary zones in northern China is provided, using the Songhua River basin as an example. The Songnen Basin region is divided into tertiary zones based on the boundaries defined by the surrounding hill catchment areas and / or the plain confluence areas of the groundwater basin.

[0215] The third-level zone is divided into four-level zones, such as Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of three-level zones into four-level zones in northern China, using the Songhua River basin as an example, is provided. The four-level zones are divided based on the boundaries defined by mountainous and / or plain areas.

[0216] The fourth-level zone is divided into five-level zones, such as Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of four-level zones into five-level zones in northern China, using the Songhua River basin as an example, is provided. The five-level zones are divided based on the boundaries defined by regional micro-topography and / or pre-defined intermontane basins.

[0217] Taking the Yangtze River Basin as an example, a first-level region, this illustrates the division of second-level and lower-level regions in southern China:

[0218] like Figure 4 As shown, the Yangtze River Basin is located in the southern region, and the secondary zones are divided based on the boundaries defined by the basins or sections of pre-defined rivers within the region. The Yangtze River Basin is divided into five secondary zones: the Jinsha River Basin, the Dadu River Basin, the Han River Basin, the Poyang Lake and Chaohu Lake system, and the Yangtze River Delta confluence area.

[0219] The secondary zone is divided into tertiary zones, such as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of secondary zones into tertiary zones in the southern region, using the Yangtze River Basin as an example, is provided. Taking the Dadu River Basin, a secondary zone of the Yangtze River Basin, as an example, the tertiary zones are divided based on the boundaries determined by the characteristics of the river basin: the Sichuan Basin hilly area, the Sichuan Basin plain area, the Yangtze River main stream area, and the Wujiang River basin area.

[0220] The third-level zone is divided into four-level zones, such as Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of the three-level regions into four-level regions in the southern region is shown, taking the Yangtze River Basin as an example. Taking the Sichuan Basin Plain, a three-level region, as an example, based on the boundaries determined by surface water basins and / or hydrogeological characteristics, the Sichuan Basin Plain is divided into the Qingyi River-Min River main stream area, the Tuo River area, the Fujiang River downstream of Mianyang area, the Bailong River downstream of Guangyuan area, and the Qujiang River area.

[0221] The fourth-level zone is divided into five-level zones, such as Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13 An exemplary diagram illustrating the division of a fourth-level zone into five-level zones in the southern region is shown, using the Yangtze River basin as an example. Taking the Tuojiang River area as an example, based on the boundaries determined by the distribution of aquifer lithology, secondary watersheds, and / or pre-defined groundwater systems, the Tuojiang River area is divided into three fifth-level zones: the Deyang Triassic karst water zone, the Zigong red bed pore-fissure water zone, and the Chengdu Plain Quaternary pore water zone.

[0222] After completing the multi-level partitioning, the system checks the topological relationship between each level of partition and the previous level partition according to the system's preset topology rules. Based on the topological relationship, the partitions at multiple levels are corrected. The system adopts adaptive repair, and complex areas are fine-tuned through human-computer interaction. The preset topology rules include boundary closure, non-overlapping boundaries, continuous and complete boundaries, no missing boundaries, and boundary sharing.

[0223] Finally, the multiple-level zones are uniformly classified, numbered, and named, and the area, coordinates, boundaries, and relationships of each zone are obtained. This generates groundwater resource attribute information for each zone and overall attribute information for groundwater resources across multiple levels of zones. The attribute information mainly includes: hierarchical and peer relationships, zone name and number, zone area, zone boundaries, and zone coordinates. By statistically analyzing the attribute information of groundwater resources in all zones, a multi-level zoning information of groundwater resources in China is formed.

[0224] In this embodiment, primary zones are defined using surface watersheds and endorheic basins that meet preset conditions as boundaries. These primary zones include those defined by river basins or endorheic basins. Parameters representing the groundwater occurrence, transformation, and interaction processes among atmospheric water, surface water, and different aquifers are used as the basis for dividing multiple levels of zones. This multi-level, layer-by-layer division of primary zones results in more detailed groundwater resource zoning. This achieves precise, step-by-step division of groundwater resources, forming a relatively independent, clearly defined multi-level groundwater system. The hierarchical relationships between upper and lower levels are clear, and the hydraulic connections between adjacent zones at the same level are well-defined, facilitating various aspects of groundwater resource and environmental management.

[0225] In another exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, there are cases where the target area lacks a significant surface watershed and a large endorheic basin, thus making it impossible to delineate a primary zone. For example, taking the Songhua River basin as an example, if the area does not have a watershed with an elevation higher than 4000 meters, nor is it a closed endorheic basin with an area greater than 100,000 km², it cannot be directly delineated as a primary zone. In this case, the following delineation method will be implemented:

[0226] Based on the system's assessment, the Songhua River Basin in the primary evaluation area is located north of the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary, in the northern region, and belongs to the first category of areas. The system then calls the first boundary parameter set (A2-A5) to perform multi-level progressive division. Based on the boundary determined by the groundwater basin catchment area, the Songhua River Basin is divided into four secondary areas: Hailar Basin (GA-3), Songnen Basin (GA-2), Sanjiang Plain (GA-1), and Suifenhe-Tumen River (GA-4).

[0227] The secondary zone is divided into tertiary zones. The Songnen Basin area is divided into tertiary zones based on the boundaries determined by the surrounding hill catchment areas and / or the plain confluence areas of the groundwater basin.

[0228] The three-level zones are divided into four-level zones, based on the boundaries defined by the mountainous and / or plain areas.

[0229] The fourth-level zone is divided into five-level zones, based on the boundaries determined by the regional micro-topography and / or the pre-defined intermontane basins.

[0230] In this embodiment, even if the target area does not meet the conditions for delineating a primary zone, a primary evaluation zone can be directly defined and seamlessly connected to a preset multi-level parameter set. This still enables the construction of a groundwater resource zoning system with clear hierarchy and scientific boundaries, ensuring the method's strong adaptability and consistency in different geographical scenarios.

[0231] Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure provide a system for groundwater resource zoning that characterizes the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation processes. For example... Figure 14 As shown, Figure 14 This is a block diagram of a groundwater resource zoning system, illustrating the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process according to an exemplary embodiment. The system for determining groundwater resource zoning includes:

[0232] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a groundwater resource zoning system is provided to characterize the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process, characterized in that the system comprises:

[0233] The data acquisition module is configured to acquire preset types of data for the target area, wherein the data includes at least digital elevation model raster data, topographic vector data, geological structure vector data, hydrogeological vector data, water system distribution vector data, and groundwater flow field vector data.

[0234] The data processing module is configured to use the digital elevation model raster data as the base layer of the target area, determine the target equal-area projection coordinate system, perform a unified equal-area projection transformation on the preset type of data in the target equal-area projection coordinate system, and construct a basic projection groundwater resource zoning map of the target area.

[0235] The determination module is configured to identify surface watershed and endorheic basin data that meet preset conditions in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, and to divide the projected groundwater resource zoning base map into regions using the surface watershed and endorheic basins that meet the preset conditions as regional division boundaries, thereby obtaining the primary evaluation area of ​​groundwater resources in the target area.

[0236] Among them, the watershed of the preset conditions is a watershed with an elevation of more than 4,000 meters, and the endorheic basin of the preset conditions is an endorheic basin with an area of ​​groundwater closure system greater than 100,000 km².

[0237] The first division module is configured to read the preset boundary line in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, perform spatial relationship identification between the groundwater resource primary evaluation area and the preset boundary line, and divide the primary evaluation area into a first type of area or a second type of area according to its spatial position relationship with the preset boundary line, wherein the first type of area indicates a first boundary parameter set, and the second type of area indicates a second boundary parameter set;

[0238] The second division module is configured to call the corresponding parameter set to perform multi-level progressive division of the primary evaluation area according to the area type, forming groundwater resource evaluation sub-areas of level two to five.

[0239] The correction module is configured to perform topology consistency verification and correction on each evaluation partition according to preset topology rules after multi-level partitioning is completed; wherein, the preset topology rules include at least: closed boundaries, non-overlapping boundaries, continuous and complete boundaries, and shared common boundaries; the correction includes automatic identification by the system or repair of boundaries that do not conform to the topology rules through human-computer interaction.

[0240] The forming module is configured to extract groundwater resource attribute information from the primary evaluation area and each evaluation sub-area, and generate groundwater resource zoning results for the target area based on the attribute information.

[0241] Each module is implemented by the same processor executing a computer program stored in memory, the computer program being configured to perform steps of the method described in any exemplary embodiment of this disclosure.

[0242] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the primary region of the target area is divided into a first type of region and a second type of region determined by a preset Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary.

[0243] Based on whether the target primary area belongs to the first type of area or the second type of area, the preset parameters corresponding to the primary area are determined;

[0244] According to the preset parameters, the primary zone is divided into multiple levels of partitions.

[0245] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the data processing module is further configured to:

[0246] Using the Albers equal-area projection technique, the digital elevation model raster data is used as the base layer and projected onto the target equal-area projection coordinate system. Then, the preset types of data are uniformly projected onto the target equal-area projection coordinate system.

[0247] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the partitioning module is further configured to:

[0248] In response to the primary region being classified as a first-class region, the boundaries of groundwater basin catchments are located in the target area, and secondary regions within the primary region are determined based on these boundaries; or, in response to the primary region being classified as a second-class region, large river segments or basins within the target area are identified, and secondary regions within the primary region are determined using these large river segments or basins as boundaries; and / or

[0249] In response to the secondary zone of the primary zone being classified as a first-class region, the boundaries of the surrounding hill catchment areas and / or the plain confluence areas of the groundwater basin are located in the target area. Based on these boundaries, tertiary zones within the secondary zone are determined. Alternatively, in response to the secondary zone of the primary zone being classified as a second-class region, the watershed characteristics of the pre-defined river basin are located in the target area to determine the delineation boundaries and delineate tertiary zones within the secondary zone; and / or

[0250] In response to the secondary zone being classified as a first-class region, the boundaries of mountainous and / or plain areas are located in the target area to determine the fourth-class regions within the secondary zone; or, in response to the secondary zone being classified as a second-class region, the surface water basin and / or hydrogeological features are located in the target area to determine the demarcation boundaries and demarcate the fourth-class regions within the secondary zone; and / or

[0251] In response to the fact that the fourth-level area of ​​the third-level area is the first type of area, the regional micro-topography and / or the pre-set intermontane basin boundary are searched in the target area to determine the fifth-level area in the fourth-level area; or, in response to the fact that the fourth-level area of ​​the third-level area is the second type of area, the aquifer lithology distribution, secondary watershed and / or the pre-set groundwater system are searched in the target area to determine the delineation boundary and delineate the fifth-level area in the fourth-level area.

[0252] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the apparatus for determining groundwater resource zoning further includes a correction module configured to check the topological relationship between each level of zoning and the previous level zoning according to preset topological rules; and to correct the zoning of the multiple levels according to the topological relationship.

[0253] In an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, the forming module is further configured to:

[0254] Set the partition name and / or number, read the hierarchical relationship, partition area, partition boundary and partition coordinates, etc., to form the multiple levels of partition information of the groundwater resources in the target area.

[0255] The modules in the aforementioned device for determining groundwater resource zoning can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device, or stored in the memory of a computer device as software, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module.

[0256] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement any of the above-described methods for determining groundwater resource zoning.

[0257] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements any of the methods described above for determining groundwater resource zoning. The computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM, random access memory (RAM), CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, or optical data storage device, etc.

[0258] In one exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements any of the above-described methods for characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation processes as groundwater resource zoning.

[0259] refer to Figure 15 The following is a structural block diagram 100 of a computer device corresponding to a system that characterizes the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process of this disclosure. The computer device includes a computing unit 101, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 102 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 108 into a random access memory (RAM) 103. The RAM 103 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of the computer device 100. The computing unit 101, ROM 102, and RAM 103 are interconnected via a bus 104. An input / output (I / O) interface 105 is also connected to the bus 104.

[0260] Multiple components in computer device 100 are connected to I / O interface 105, including: input unit 106, output unit 107, storage unit 108, and communication unit 109. Input unit 106 can be any type of device capable of inputting information into computer device 100. Input unit 106 can receive input numerical or character information and generate key signal inputs related to user settings and / or function control of computer device 100, and may include, but is not limited to, a mouse, keyboard, touchscreen, trackpad, trackball, joystick, microphone, and / or remote control. Output unit 107 can be any type of device capable of presenting information, and may include, but is not limited to, a monitor, speaker, video / audio output terminal, vibrator, and / or printer. Storage unit 108 may include, but is not limited to, a hard disk and an optical disk. Communication unit 109 allows computer device 100 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks, and may include, but is not limited to, modems, network cards, infrared communication devices, wireless communication transceivers, and / or chipsets, such as Bluetooth™ devices, WiFi devices, WiMax devices, cellular communication devices, and / or the like.

[0261] The computing unit 101 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 101 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 101 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the shooting method. For example, in some embodiments, the shooting method may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 108. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on the computer device 100 via ROM 102 and / or communication unit 109. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 103 and executed by the computing unit 101, one or more steps of the shooting method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 101 may be configured to perform the shooting method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0262] The computer device 100 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components to perform the above-described imaging method.

[0263] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the above methods can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk. Optionally, all or part of the steps in the above embodiments can also be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. Accordingly, each module / unit in the above embodiments can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. This disclosure is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0264] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered illustrative only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the following claims.

[0265] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A groundwater resource zoning method characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S11, acquire data of a preset type for the target area, wherein the data includes at least digital elevation model raster data, topographic vector data, geological structure vector data, hydrogeological vector data, water system distribution vector data, and groundwater flow field vector data; S12, using the digital elevation model raster data as the base layer of the target area, determine the target equal-area projection coordinate system, and perform a unified equal-area projection transformation on the preset type of data in the target equal-area projection coordinate system to construct a basic projection groundwater resource zoning map of the target area. S13, identify the surface watershed and endorheic basin data that meet the preset conditions in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, and use the surface watershed and endorheic basins that meet the preset conditions as the dividing boundaries to divide the projected groundwater resource zoning base map into regions, thereby obtaining the groundwater resource primary evaluation area of ​​the target region. Among them, the watershed of the preset conditions is a watershed with an elevation of more than 4,000 meters, and the endorheic basin of the preset conditions is an endorheic basin with an area of ​​groundwater closure system greater than 100,000 km². S14, Read the preset boundary line used for area type determination in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, perform spatial relationship identification on the groundwater resource primary evaluation area and the preset boundary line, and divide the primary evaluation area into a first type of area or a second type of area according to its spatial position relationship with the preset boundary line, wherein the first type of area indicates a first boundary parameter set, and the second type of area indicates a second boundary parameter set; S15, based on the region type, call the corresponding parameter set to perform multi-level progressive division of the primary evaluation area, forming groundwater resource evaluation sub-regions of level two to five; S16, extract groundwater resource attribute information of the primary evaluation area and each evaluation sub-area, and generate groundwater resource zoning results for the target area based on the attribute information.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset data types also include: spatial distribution vector data of hydrological monitoring stations, vector data of water resource zones at or above the third level, and vector data of administrative divisions at or above the county level.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S14, the spatial relationship identification includes: A spatial relationship analysis is performed on the primary evaluation area and the preset boundary line. When the spatial range of the primary evaluation area is located north of the preset boundary line, the primary evaluation area is determined to be a first-class area. When the spatial range of the primary evaluation area is located south of the preset boundary line, the primary evaluation area is determined to be a second type of area; The preset boundary line is either the Qinling-Huaihe geographical boundary or an isohyet with an average annual precipitation of 800 mm.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The boundary parameters of the first boundary parameter set include: A2: Groundwater catchment basin boundary; A3: Catchment area boundary of surrounding hills and / or plain confluence area of ​​groundwater basin; A4: Boundary line between mountainous and plain areas; A5: Boundary of regional micro-geomorphic units and / or pre-set intermontane basin boundary; The boundary parameters of the second boundary parameter set include: B2: Pre-set river basin boundary or section boundary point; B3: Basin characteristic boundary line; B4: Surface water secondary basin boundary and / or hydrogeological unit boundary; B5: Aquifer group boundary, secondary watershed watershed and / or pre-set groundwater system boundary. The pre-designated intermontane basin is a lowland unit with an area of ​​less than 100 km² and surrounded by mountains; the pre-designated groundwater system is a groundwater subsystem with an independent recharge-drainage relationship.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S15 includes: Based on the region type of the primary evaluation region, the boundaries of the second to fifth level regions are sequentially divided within the primary evaluation region, wherein: When the primary evaluation area belongs to the first type of area, the second level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter A2, the third level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter A3, the fourth level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter A4, and the fifth level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter A5. When the primary evaluation area belongs to the second type of area, the second-level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter B2, the third-level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter B3, the fourth-level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter B4, and the fifth-level division searches for the boundary corresponding to parameter B5. For each level of region division, if a corresponding boundary is found, the current level of division is completed according to that boundary before proceeding to the next level; if no corresponding boundary is found, the current level of division is automatically skipped and the next level is proceeded until the fifth level of division or the fifth level of boundary is found.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: After completing the multi-level groundwater resource assessment zoning, topological consistency verification and correction are performed on each level of assessment zoning based on preset topological rules; The preset topology rules include at least the following: closed boundaries, non-overlapping boundaries, continuous and complete boundaries, and shared public boundaries. The correction includes automatically identifying or repairing boundaries that do not conform to topology rules through human-computer interaction.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S16 includes: Set a name and / or number for each partition, read its hierarchical relationship, partition area, and partition boundary coordinates to form a structured partition information result.

8. A groundwater resource zoning system characterizing the water cycle and groundwater occurrence and transformation process, characterized in that, The system includes: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire preset types of data for the target area, wherein the data includes at least digital elevation model raster data, topographic vector data, geological structure vector data, hydrogeological vector data, water system distribution vector data, and groundwater flow field vector data. The data processing module is configured to use the digital elevation model raster data as the base layer of the target area, determine the target equal-area projection coordinate system, perform a unified equal-area projection transformation on the preset type of data in the target equal-area projection coordinate system, and construct a basic projection groundwater resource zoning map of the target area. The determination module is configured to identify surface watershed and endorheic basin data that meet preset conditions in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, and to divide the projected groundwater resource zoning base map into regions using the surface watershed and endorheic basins that meet the preset conditions as dividing boundaries, so as to obtain the groundwater resource primary evaluation area of ​​the target area. Among them, the watershed of the preset conditions is a watershed with an elevation of more than 4,000 meters, and the endorheic basin of the preset conditions is an endorheic basin with an area of ​​groundwater closure system greater than 100,000 km². The first division module is configured to read the preset boundary line in the projected groundwater resource zoning base map, perform spatial relationship identification between the groundwater resource primary evaluation area and the preset boundary line, and divide the primary evaluation area into a first type of area or a second type of area according to its spatial position relationship with the preset boundary line, wherein the first type of area indicates a first boundary parameter set and the second type of area indicates a second boundary parameter set; The second division module is configured to call the corresponding parameter set to perform multi-level progressive division of the primary evaluation area according to the area type, forming groundwater resource evaluation sub-areas of level two to five. The correction module is configured to perform topology consistency verification and correction on each evaluation partition according to preset topology rules after multi-level partitioning is completed; wherein, the preset topology rules include at least: closed boundaries, non-overlapping boundaries, continuous and complete boundaries, and shared common boundaries; the correction includes automatic identification by the system or repair of boundaries that do not conform to the topology rules through human-computer interaction. The forming module is configured to extract groundwater resource attribute information from the primary evaluation area and each evaluation sub-area, and generate groundwater resource zoning results for the target area based on the attribute information. Each module is implemented by the same processor executing a computer program stored in memory, the computer program being configured to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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