Municipal roof photovoltaic greening integrated adjustable module

Abstract

The invention discloses a municipal roof photovoltaic greening integrated adjustable module which comprises a hollow aluminum alloy frame body (311) fixed to a roof (2), and an angle follow-up device, a three-dimensional greening device and a rainwater distribution device are integrated in the frame body. The angle follow-up device drives a bidirectional lead screw (325)-threaded shaft sleeve (326)-supporting rod (323) mechanism through a single driving source, and the inclination angles of the multiple photovoltaic panels (321) are synchronously adjusted. According to the three-dimensional greening device, a drawable green plant box (312) is arranged below a photovoltaic panel, and a water conveying groove (314) is formed in the edge of the top of an array planting cavity (313) in the box; the rainwater distribution device automatically guides rainwater into a water conveying groove through a photovoltaic panel water guiding eave, a water collecting hopper (3151) and a three-way pipe (3152), and self-irrigation is achieved. The module can be longitudinally and repeatedly spliced to form a large-area photovoltaic greening array, has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, zero rainwater discharge, convenience in maintenance and high space utilization rate, and is suitable for newly built and reconstructed municipal building roofs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of municipal building engineering technology, specifically to a municipal roof structure that integrates photovoltaic power generation, roof greening, and rainwater harvesting and irrigation into the same modular structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of the "dual carbon" target, simultaneously installing photovoltaic modules and green layers on the roofs of municipal buildings has become an important means to increase the proportion of renewable energy and alleviate the urban heat island effect. Existing technologies typically arrange photovoltaic arrays and green areas independently, which has the following shortcomings: 1) Space competition: Photovoltaic brackets and planting boxes each occupy roof space, resulting in low effective utilization of area; 2) Fixed angle: The photovoltaic panels are installed in one go, and the tilt angle cannot be adjusted according to the season or snow load, resulting in a significant loss of power generation efficiency; 3) Waste of rainwater: Rainwater from the roof is directly discharged into the rainwater pipes, and additional municipal water is still needed for greening irrigation, resulting in high operating costs; 4) Difficult to maintain: The photovoltaic brackets and planting boxes are set up separately, and inspection, plant replacement and cleaning of photovoltaic panels all need to be done separately, which requires a large amount of manpower.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a municipal rooftop integrated module with a compact structure, adjustable photovoltaic tilt angle, on-site rainwater utilization, and convenient centralized maintenance to solve the above pain points. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to provide an adjustable module integrating photovoltaic and greening systems on municipal rooftops, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies such as spatial conflicts between photovoltaic and greening systems, low power generation efficiency due to the non-adjustable tilt angle of photovoltaic panels, inability to utilize rainwater resources locally, and high maintenance costs. The module features adjustable photovoltaic panels and planting boxes arranged three-dimensionally within the same aluminum alloy frame. A bidirectional screw-strut mechanism enables synchronous angle adjustment of all photovoltaic panels. Rainwater is automatically distributed to each planting chamber using photovoltaic panel eaves, water collection hoppers, and water channels, achieving deep coupling of power generation, greening, rainwater harvesting, and irrigation. It boasts advantages such as compact structure, rapid construction, high efficiency, and convenient maintenance, making it suitable for newly built and renovated municipal building rooftops.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented as follows: An adjustable module integrating municipal rooftop photovoltaic greening comprises a frame structure (311) fixed on the roof (2) of a municipal building. Within the same frame structure (311), three functional units are integrated: an angle-following device, a three-dimensional greening device, and a rainwater distribution device, achieving deep coupling of power generation, greening, rainwater harvesting, and self-irrigation. Its structure and connection relationships are as follows: 1. Angle follow-up device The method for synchronously adjusting the tilt angle of multiple photovoltaic panels (321) relative to the roof includes: The photovoltaic panel (321) is hinged at the front end of the top of the frame (311) to form a pivot point; The shaft bracket (322) is fixed to the center of the back of the photovoltaic panel (321) and serves as a force transmission node; The upper end of the pair of struts (323) is pivotally connected to both sides of the shaft frame (322), and the lower end is pivotally connected to the threaded bushing (326); The two-way lead screw (325) is rotatably supported at the rear end of the top of the frame (311) via a bearing (324); The threaded bushing (326) is screwed to the positive and negative thread sections of the double-acting screw (325); The connecting shaft (327) coaxially connects the adjacent bidirectional lead screws (325) to realize the synchronous stepless lifting of multiple rows of photovoltaic panels (321) driven by a single driving source.

[0006] 2. Vertical greening system For supporting and irrigating plants in the space below the photovoltaic panel (321), specifically including: The green plant box (312) is fixed horizontally inside the frame (311) and is arranged vertically and vertically offset from the photovoltaic panel (321); Planting chambers (313) are arrayed within the plant boxes (312) to form independent plant spaces; A water delivery trough (314) is located at the top edge of the planting cavity (313) and is connected to the outlet of the rainwater distribution device; A removable permeable partition is placed at the bottom of the planting chamber (313). It is made of coconut coir and activated carbon and has both purification and fertilizer retention functions.

[0007] 3. Rainwater distribution device The device is used to collect rainwater from the surface of the photovoltaic panel (321) and automatically transport it to the vertical greening system, specifically including: A water guide is provided at the edge of the photovoltaic panel (321) and extends downward; The water collection hopper (3151) is located between adjacent photovoltaic panels (321), and its opening edge is aligned vertically with the end of the water guide. The three-way pipe (3152) is connected at the bottom of the water collection hopper (3151) at the top and the outlet at the bottom is aligned with the water conveying trough (314) to realize the integrated "guiding-collecting-distributing" of rainwater.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned adjustable integrated rooftop photovoltaic greening module for municipal projects includes: The frame (311) is made of hollow aluminum alloy profile, and the inner cavity also serves as a photovoltaic cable wiring channel to avoid aging of the external line; The modules can be repeatedly set along the roof (2) to form a large-area photovoltaic greening array, and all angle follow-up devices are centrally controlled by the same drive source.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves at least the following significant advancements: 1) Space utilization has been greatly improved The photovoltaic panels (321) and the green plant boxes (312) are arranged in a three-dimensional staggered manner within the same frame (311), eliminating the traditional planar competition between the "photovoltaic area" and the "green area", and increasing the roof utilization rate by more than 30%.

[0010] 2) Dynamically optimal power generation efficiency The angle follow-up device consisting of a two-way lead screw (325), a threaded bushing (326), and a strut (323) allows all photovoltaic panels (321) to adjust their tilt angle synchronously according to the season, snow load, or dust accumulation, increasing the annual power generation by 8-12% while avoiding snow accumulation and overheating.

[0011] 3) Zero-discharge utilization of rainwater resources Rainwater is directly dripped into the planting cavity (313) through the water guide eaves → water collection hopper (3151) → T-pipe (3152) → water delivery trough (314), which can replace more than 90% of municipal greening water and reduce operation and maintenance costs.

[0012] 4) Easy to maintain and safe and reliable All cables are concealed inside the hollow frame (311) to avoid UV aging and rodent infestation; The planting chamber (313) uses a detachable permeable partition, which can be pulled out and replaced by a single person to achieve "zoned maintenance without affecting power generation"; A single drive source can control the angle of the entire row of photovoltaic panels (321), reducing the number of motors and potential failure points.

[0013] 5) Modular and replicable The module width and length can be freely spliced ​​according to the roof size, making it suitable for new and renovated municipal buildings and promising for large-scale promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional overall schematic diagram of the building involved in this embodiment.

[0015] The complete module array arranged on the roof (2) of the municipal building is shown, with the three-dimensional staggered arrangement of the frame (311), photovoltaic panels (321) and green boxes (312) visible, as well as the direction of the connecting axis (327) between adjacent modules.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the building structure involved in this embodiment.

[0017] The relative positions of the three main functional units inside the frame (311) are shown: the photovoltaic module (32) is located at the top front, the planting module (31) is located at the bottom rear, and the water collection component (315) is embedded in the gap between adjacent photovoltaic panels.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the building planting component structure involved in this embodiment.

[0019] The array relationship of the green plant box (312), planting cavity (313) and water supply trough (314) is shown, and the direction arrow of the water permeable partition is given.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water collection component structure of the house involved in this embodiment.

[0021] The connection between the water collection hopper (3151) and the three-way pipe (3152) is shown, as well as the vertical alignment between the end of the water guide and the opening of the water collection hopper.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a top view of the photovoltaic modules involved in this embodiment.

[0023] The hinge point of the photovoltaic panel (321) on the frame (311) and the installation space reserved between adjacent panels for the water collection bucket (3151) are shown.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the photovoltaic module for a building involved in this embodiment.

[0025] The linkage relationship of the bidirectional lead screw (325), threaded bushing (326), support rod (323), shaft bracket (322), and connecting shaft (327) is shown, and the rotation direction and thrust arrow are given. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structure, features and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0027] Example 1: Basic Module Components and Installation See Figure 1 , Figure 2 Purlins are laid above the waterproof layer of the existing municipal building roof (2), and the bottom flange of the frame (311) is fixed with M10 stainless steel bolts. Adjacent frames (311) are locked together with connecting plates to form a continuous longitudinal support. The frame (311) is made of 80×80mm hollow aluminum alloy profile with a wall thickness of 3mm and an inner cavity cross-sectional area ≥1800mm². 2 It can accommodate 4mm at the same time 2Photovoltaic DC cables and RJ45 control lines enable the "hidden wiring" function.

[0028] Example 2: Assembly and debugging of the angle follower device See Figure 6 The bidirectional lead screw (325) (Tr20×4, with positive and negative threads at both ends) is inserted into the copper alloy sliding bearing of the bearing seat (324), and the bearing seat is bolted to the rear crossbeam of the frame (311). The threaded bushing (326) is made of POM self-lubricating material, with an outer diameter of φ30mm and an internal thread clearance of ≤0.1mm with the lead screw, and can operate for ≥10,000 times without maintenance. Self-lubricating copper bushings are installed at both ends of the support rod (323), and are hinged to the shaft frame (322) and the threaded bushing (326) with φ8mm stainless steel pins to form a crank-slider mechanism. The connecting shaft (327) is a 30×30mm aluminum alloy square tube, and both ends are locked to the ends of the adjacent bidirectional lead screw (325) through a plum blossom coupling to ensure a synchronization error of ≤0.5° in the same row. The drive source can be a 24V DC geared motor (rated torque 15N·m) or a manual crank. The motor output shaft is directly connected to the first bidirectional lead screw (325) through a flexible coupling, and the overall transmission efficiency is ≥85%.

[0029] Angle adjustment range: The effective stroke of the bidirectional lead screw (325) is 160mm, corresponding to a photovoltaic panel (321) tilt angle that is infinitely adjustable from 15° to 55°, meeting the optimization requirements of a 40° difference in solar altitude angle between the summer solstice and winter solstice in East China; the maximum thrust point is located at 55°, and the calculated single panel is 1.95m long. 2 The photovoltaic panel (weight 11kg) generates an overturning moment of 18N·m, the threaded bushing (326) has a static friction torque of ≥45N·m, a safety factor of ≥2.5, and can withstand instantaneous level 10 wind pressure.

[0030] Example 3: Installation of Vertical Greening Device See Figure 3 The green plant box (312) is made of UV-resistant PP co-extruded material with a wall thickness of 2mm and an external dimension of 1200×300×200mm (length×width×height). It is inserted into the frame (311) via a sliding rail and can be pulled out by a single person. The planting cavity (313) is a 120×120×150mm square grid with a protrusion 20mm from the bottom of the box to support the permeable partition. The permeable partition is made of coconut coir blocks (10mm thick, 70% porosity) and activated carbon nonwoven fabric (200g / m²). 2 The hot-pressed composite can both trap rainwater particles with SS≤30mg / L and provide slow-release fertilizer for Sedum plants. The water delivery trough (314) has a cross-section of 10×8mm rectangle, which is closed around the top of the planting cavity (313). The bottom of the trough has φ2mm drip holes at intervals of 20mm, so that rainwater can be evenly infiltrated into the substrate in a capillary manner, avoiding erosion of the root system.

[0031] Example 4: Operation of the rainwater distribution device See Figure 4 , Figure 5 The water guide eaves are integrally extruded with the frame of the photovoltaic panel (321), with a width of 20mm and an inclination angle of 5°, ensuring that rainwater forms a continuous water film on the panel surface. The water collection hopper (3151) is a 1.2mm stainless steel bent part with an upper opening size of 1000×120mm and a lower opening connected to a DN25 tee pipe (3152). When the rainfall intensity is 50mm / h (a 2-year return period rainstorm in Shanghai), a single panel is 1.95m... 2 The photovoltaic panel has a water flow rate of 0.027 L / s, and the water collection hopper (3151) is designed with a water flow cross-section of ≥2800 mm. 2 The flow pattern is gravity free flow, with a theoretical drainage capacity of 0.08 L / s and a safety factor of ≥3. The two ends of the three-way pipe (3152) are respectively connected to the water supply channels (314) of the left and right green plant boxes to achieve "one bucket and two boxes" even distribution. The measured water inlet deviation of each planting cavity (313) is ≤5%.

[0032] Example 5: Modular Array Arrangement See Figure 1 The above basic modules are laid continuously according to the longitudinal module of 1200mm for the roof (2), with a 20mm thermal expansion gap reserved in the transverse spacing. The side frames of adjacent frames (311) are locked with self-tapping screws to form an overall load-bearing surface. After the entire row of bidirectional screw rods (325) are connected in series through the connecting shaft (327), only one 24V DC geared motor is needed to achieve synchronous adjustment of ≤60 photovoltaic panels (321). The maximum length of a single row is 72m, and the coverage area is about 140m². 2 The corresponding green area is ≥80m² 2 The control signal uses an RS-485 bus, which can be connected to the building energy efficiency management platform and automatically switch between three modes: "snow accumulation - dust removal - optimal tilt angle" based on meteorological station API data.

[0033] Example 6 Maintenance and Replacement Plant replacement: Pull out the green plant box (312) → lift the permeable partition → replace the substrate or plant → push it back. The whole process takes ≤3 minutes and does not require touching the photovoltaic panel (321).

[0034] Cable maintenance: Loosen the end cap of the frame (311) to pull out the cable, avoiding the need to remove the photovoltaic panel.

[0035] Screw lubrication: The threaded bushing (326) contains an oil-containing polymer and is maintenance-free for five years; if oil needs to be added, lithium-based grease can be injected by removing the oil felt from the bushing (324).

[0036] Through the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can reproduce the present invention without creative effort and achieve integrated, adjustable, and low-maintenance operation of the three functions of "power generation-greening-rainwater utilization".

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable module for integrated municipal rooftop photovoltaic greening, comprising a frame structure (311) fixed to the roof (2) of a municipal building, characterized in that: The frame (311) is integrated as follows: An angle follow-up device is used to synchronously adjust the tilt angle of multiple photovoltaic panels (321) relative to the roof; Vertical greening device for supporting and irrigating plants in the space below the photovoltaic panel (321); Rainwater distribution device for collecting rainwater from the surface of photovoltaic panels (321) and automatically transporting it to the vertical greening device; The angle follow-up device drives the bidirectional screw (325)-threaded bushing (326)-support rod (323) mechanism through a single drive source to realize stepless linkage lifting of all photovoltaic panels (321); the rainwater distribution device uses the edge water guide, water collection bucket (3151) and three-way pipe (3152) of the photovoltaic panel (321) to guide rainwater into the water delivery trough (314) of the three-dimensional greening device to complete self-irrigation.

2. The adjustable module for integrated municipal rooftop photovoltaic greening as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The angle follow-up device includes: A photovoltaic panel (321) hinged to the front end of the frame (311); A shaft bracket (322) fixed to the back of the photovoltaic panel (321); A pair of struts (323) hinged at the lower end to the threaded bushing (326); A two-way lead screw (325) is rotatably supported at the rear end of the frame (311). Threaded bushings (326) are screwed to both ends of the double-acting screw (325); A connecting shaft (327) that connects adjacent bidirectional lead screws (325); When the bidirectional lead screw (325) rotates, the threaded bushing (326) moves in opposite directions or away from each other, and pushes and pulls the photovoltaic panel (321) around the front hinge point via the support rod (323) to achieve synchronous adjustment of the tilt angle.

3. The adjustable integrated municipal rooftop photovoltaic greening module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vertical greening device includes: Plant box (312) is horizontally fixed inside the frame (311). The planting chambers (313) are arranged in an array within the plant box (312); A water delivery trough (314) is located at the top edge of the planting cavity (313) and connected to the rainwater distribution device. A permeable baffle is detachably placed at the bottom of the planting chamber (313) to purify infiltrated rainwater.

4. The adjustable module for integrated municipal rooftop photovoltaic greening according to claim 3, characterized in that: The permeable baffle is made of coconut coir and activated carbon and can be quickly pulled out for cleaning.

5. The adjustable integrated municipal rooftop photovoltaic greening module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The rainwater distribution device includes: Water collection bucket (3151) located between adjacent photovoltaic panels (321); A three-way pipe (3152) connected to the bottom of the water collection hopper (3151); A water guide eave is provided at the edge of the photovoltaic panel (321) and its end is aligned with the opening of the water collection hopper (3151); This allows rainwater on the surface of the photovoltaic panel (321) to flow sequentially through the water guide eaves, water collection bucket (3151), and three-way pipe (3152) into the water delivery trough (314), thus completing the uniform irrigation of each planting cavity (313).

6. The adjustable integrated municipal rooftop photovoltaic greening module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The frame (311) is a hollow aluminum alloy profile that also serves as a cable channel, used to conceal the installation of photovoltaic cables.

7. The adjustable integrated municipal rooftop photovoltaic greening module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The modules are repeatedly set along the roof (2) to form a large-area photovoltaic greening array, and the angle follow-up device of each module is centrally controlled by the same drive source.

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