Sugar-increasing, astringency-removing, deacidifying, early-maturing, quality-improving and yield-increasing segmented medicament regulation and control method for prunes, plums and stone fruits

Abstract

The invention provides a sugar-increasing, astringency-removing, deacidifying, early-maturing, quality-improving and yield-increasing segmented medicament regulation and control method for prunes, plums and stone fruits, and relates to the technical field of planting and quality-improving of stone fruits. According to the method, aiming at the pain points of late ripening, insufficient sugar content, strong acerbity, dispersed harvesting time and the like of stone fruits such as prunes and plums, a technical system of three-time segmented accurate spraying is innovatively adopted, and according to the time sequence of starting of a ripening and color changing period, strengthening after 7 days and consolidating after 5 days, a synergistic agent combination of abscisic acid, functional aids and nutrient elements is matched, so that the multiple regulation and control target is achieved. The core innovation lies in the collaborative design of a medicament combination and the precise matching of a spraying time sequence, the maturation process is started through abscisic acid, the color change is accelerated through abscisic acid, the sugar accumulation is promoted through 5-aminolevulinic acid, and the nutrient absorption is enhanced through boron, molybdenum and calcium. The method is easy and convenient to operate, controllable in cost, wide in applicability and suitable for the stone fruits such as prunes, plums, peaches and apricots, and the planting benefits and the fruit commodity value are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of stone fruit cultivation and quality improvement technology, specifically to a segmented chemical regulation method for increasing sugar content, removing astringency, reducing acidity, promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing yield in plums, prunes, and other stone fruits. Through precise chemical combinations and sequential spraying, multiple objectives such as increasing sugar content, removing astringency, promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing yield are achieved. This method is suitable for large-scale orchard cultivation and high-quality fruit production. Background Technology

[0002] Prunes, plums, and other stone fruits have unique flavors and are rich in nutrients, resulting in strong market demand. However, traditional cultivation methods face numerous technical challenges. Long and dispersed ripening cycle: The natural ripening cycle is long, the fruit ripening is uneven, the harvest period is more than 15 days, the cost of manual harvesting is high, and the fruit is prone to problems such as early harvested fruit being sour and astringent, and late harvested fruit being too soft and not suitable for storage and transportation. Poor fruit quality: Naturally grown fruits have insufficient sugar accumulation (soluble solids content is mostly below 12 degrees), strong sourness and astringency (high tannin content), uneven coloring, and poor product appearance and taste experience. Weak resistance to adverse conditions and poor storage and transportation: The fruit has low firmness and is prone to softening and rotting after ripening. It has insufficient storage and transportation capacity, which affects long-distance sales. Increased production and income are difficult: poor quality leads to a low rate of marketable fruit, and scattered ripening affects sales efficiency, making it difficult to improve planting benefits.

[0003] In existing technologies, the methods for improving the quality of stone fruits are mostly based on single-agent spraying (such as using only ethephon for ripening) or simply supplementing nutrients, which have obvious limitations: single ripening agents can easily lead to premature ripening of fruits but a decline in quality, such as insufficient sugar content and reduced firmness; simple nutrient supplementation cannot solve the problems of premature ripening and astringency removal; and there is a lack of precise timing control, poor synergy of agent effects, and difficulty in achieving synergistic optimization of premature ripening, sugar increase, astringency removal and quality improvement.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a segmented control method that balances timing accuracy with drug synergy to address many of the pain points of traditional technologies. Summary of the Invention (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a segmented chemical regulation method for increasing sugar content, removing astringency, deacidifying, promoting early maturity, improving quality, and increasing yield in plums, prunes, and stone fruits. This method solves the problems that single ripening agents can easily lead to premature ripening but reduced quality, such as insufficient sugar content and reduced firmness. Simple nutrient supplementation cannot solve the problems of premature ripening and astringency removal, and there is a lack of precise timing regulation. The synergistic effect of the agents is poor, making it difficult to achieve synergistic optimization of early ripening, sugar content, astringency removal, and quality improvement.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The segmented pesticide regulation method for increasing sugar, de-astringency, de-acidity, early maturity, quality improvement and yield increase of apricots, plums and stone fruits comprises the following steps: Step one: first spraying At the mature color changing period, when the fruit color changing rate reaches 10%, the first pesticide combination is sprayed, which is composed of abscisic acid, ripening ester and 5-ALA, and is diluted with water and uniformly sprayed on the fruit and leaves. Step two: second spraying Seven days after the first spraying, when the fruit color changing rate reaches 30-40%, the second pesticide combination is sprayed, which is composed of abscisic acid, 5-ALA and boron-molybdenum-calcium complex nutrient agent, and is diluted with water and sprayed. Step three: third spraying Five days after the second spraying, when the fruit color changing rate reaches 60-80%, the third pesticide combination is sprayed, which is composed of abscisic acid and boron-molybdenum-calcium complex nutrient agent, and is diluted with water and sprayed. Through three segmented sprays, the synergistic effect of increasing sugar, de-astringency, early maturity, quality improvement and yield increase of stone fruits is achieved.

[0007] Further, the concentration ratio of the first pesticide combination in step one is: abscisic acid 10-20 mg / L, ripening ester 5-10 mg / L, and 5-ALA 8-15 mg / L, and the spraying amount is 100-150 kg / acre, ensuring uniform coverage of the fruit surface.

[0008] Further, the concentration ratio of the second pesticide combination in step two is: abscisic acid 8-15 mg / L, 5-ALA 10-18 mg / L, and boron-molybdenum-calcium complex nutrient agent 500-800 times dilution, and the spraying amount is 80-120 kg / acre, and the boron-molybdenum-calcium complex nutrient agent has a boron content of ≥10 g / L, a molybdenum content of ≥0.5 g / L, and a calcium content of ≥50 g / L.

[0009] Further, the concentration ratio of the third pesticide combination in step three is: abscisic acid 5-10 mg / L and boron-molybdenum-calcium complex nutrient agent 300-500 times dilution, and the spraying amount is 80-100 kg / acre, and the fruit surface is the focus of spraying.

[0010] Further, the three spraying times are selected in the morning from 9 to 11 o'clock or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon on sunny days, avoiding high temperature, strong light and rainy days; if it rains within 4 hours after spraying, it needs to be sprayed again, and the amount of the supplementary spraying is 50%-70% of the original amount.

[0011] Further, the stone fruit includes prune, plum, peach, apricot and cherry, wherein the regulating effect of prune and plum is optimal, the early maturation time is 5-15 days, and the early maturation time of other stone fruits is 3-13 days.

[0012] Further, the abscisic acid is natural S-ABA abscisic acid with a purity of greater than or equal to 98%, the ethrel derivative is an ethrel derivative with a purity of greater than or equal to 95%, and the 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a biological stimulant with a purity of greater than or equal to 99%, so that the activity and safety of the medicament are ensured.

[0013] Further, the regulating effect of the regulating method meets the following requirements: the soluble solid content of the fruit is increased by 3-5 degrees, the tannin content is reduced by more than 70%, the penetration hardness of the fruit is increased by 20%-30%, the harvesting period is shortened by 50%-55%, the yield per mu is increased by 10%-15%, and the rate of commercial fruit is increased to more than 90%.

[0014] The present application provides a segmented medicament regulating method for increasing sugar, removing astringency, removing acid and early maturing and improving quality and yield of prune, plum and stone fruits. 1. The present application provides a segmented medicament regulating method for increasing sugar, removing astringency, removing acid and early maturing and improving quality and yield of prune, plum and stone fruits, which innovatively adopts a three-stage spraying sequence of "starting in the mature color-changing period - intensifying after 7 days - consolidating after 5 days", matches the physiological rhythm of "color change - sugar accumulation - quality setting" in the maturing process of stone fruits, ensures that the effect of the medicament accurately matches the physiological needs, and uses a composite system of "functional main agent + synergistic auxiliary agent + nutritional element" in each stage of the medicament, so that abscisic acid starts maturation, ethrel accelerates color change, 5-ALA promotes photosynthesis and sugar accumulation, and boron, molybdenum and calcium strengthen nutrient absorption and fruit hardness, and multiple components synergistically act to avoid the limitations of a single medicament.

[0015] 2. The present application provides a segmented medicament regulating method for increasing sugar, removing astringency, removing acid and early maturing and improving quality and yield of prune, plum and stone fruits, which breaks through the limitations of traditional methods "single quality improvement", simultaneously realizes the effects of early maturation, sugar increase, astringency removal, quality improvement and yield increase, takes into account quality and benefit, and selects safe medicaments such as natural abscisic acid S-ABA and biological stimulant 5-ALA, which has no residue risk and is suitable for multiple stone fruits such as prune, plum, peach and apricot, without the need to adjust the core process, and has strong universality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the present application.

[0017] Embodiment 1: The embodiment of the present application provides a segmented pesticide regulation method for increasing sugar, deacidifying and deastringency of early-ripening quality improvement and yield increase of Prunus domestica and stone fruit, which is based on the physiological characteristics of the ripening process of stone fruit, and intervenes in the ripening metabolism of the fruit through segmented pesticide regulation, and specifically as follows: Mature starting stage: mature color changing period, when the fruit color changing rate reaches 10%, spray abscisic acid+ ripening inducing ester+5-ALA, abscisic acid activates the fruit ripening signal pathway, ripening inducing ester accelerates chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid synthesis, promotes coloration, and 5-ALA improves photosynthetic efficiency, laying a foundation for sugar accumulation; Intensified accumulation stage: after 7 days of the first spraying, when the fruit color changing rate reaches 30-40%, the fruit enters the rapid sugar accumulation period, and 5-ALA and boron-molybdenum-calcium are supplemented, 5-ALA promotes the translocation of photosynthetic products to the fruit, boron element promotes sugar synthesis and transportation, molybdenum element improves nitrogen metabolism efficiency, and calcium element enhances the stability of fruit cell wall and improves hardness; Quality consolidation stage: after 5 days of the second spraying, when the fruit color changing rate reaches 60-80%, the fruit is close to maturity, the concentration of abscisic acid is reduced, boron-molybdenum-calcium is continuously supplemented, the uniformity of coloration, fruit hardness and degradation of astringent substances (tannin) are strengthened, and the quality stability after ripening is ensured.

[0018] The regulation method comprises the following steps: Step one: first spraying, in the mature color changing period Timing judgment: when the fruit color changing rate reaches 40%, start spraying, Prunus domestica and Prunus salicina show that the fruit skin changes from green to yellow / purple red, and peaches and apricots change to pink / yellow; Pesticide preparation: according to the concentration ratio, abscisic acid 15 mg / L, ripening inducing ester 8 mg / L and 5-ALA 12 mg / L are weighed and added into 125 kg of clean water, and stirred uniformly until completely dissolved; Spraying operation: a high-pressure sprayer is used to uniformly spray on the fruit surface and the back of the leaf, to ensure that each fruit is evenly covered with pesticide, to avoid missing spraying and re-spraying, and the spraying amount is 125 kg / acre.

[0019] Step two: second spraying, 7 days after the first spraying Timing judgment: after 7 days of the first spraying, the fruit color changing rate reaches 65%, and the second spraying is started; Pesticide preparation: abscisic acid 12 mg / L, 5-ALA 14 mg / L and boron-molybdenum-calcium complex nutrient agent 650 times dilution are added into 100 kg of clean water and stirred uniformly; Spraying operation: focus on spraying the fruit and the leaf, the spraying amount is 100 kg / acre, and the pesticide is ensured to cover the fruit surface to promote nutrient absorption.

[0020] Step three: third spraying, 5 days after the second spraying Timing judgment: 5 days after the second spraying, the fruit color conversion rate reached more than 80%, close to maturity, and the third spraying was started; Medicament preparation: 8 mg / L of abscisic acid, 400 times dilution of boron molybdenum calcium compound nutrient, 90 kg of clean water was added, and stirred evenly; Spraying operation: mainly fruit spraying, supplemented by leaf spraying, spraying dosage 90 kg per mu, strengthening fruit hardness and coloring, degrading residual astringent substances.

[0021] Step four: harvesting and effect verification Harvesting timing: 4 days after the third spraying, the fruit was fully mature, the color conversion rate was 100%, the soluble solids content was greater than or equal to 15 degrees, and the concentrated harvesting was started, and the harvesting period was controlled within 7 days; Effect verification: detect the indicators such as soluble solids content, tannin content and hardness of the fruit, and confirm that the control target is reached.

[0022] Example 2: Plum planting control ① Planting conditions: a certain scale plum orchard, soil is sandy loam, fertility is medium, planting density is 330 plants per mu, tree age is 5 years; ② Control operation: First spraying: when the fruit color conversion rate is 40% (mid-June), 15 mg / L of abscisic acid, 8 mg / L of ripening ester, and 12 mg / L of 5-ALA are mixed with 120 kg of water per mu for spraying; Second spraying: 7 days after the first spraying (late June), 12 mg / L of abscisic acid, 15 mg / L of 5-ALA, and 600 times dilution of boron molybdenum calcium compound nutrient are mixed with 100 kg of water per mu for spraying; Third spraying: 5 days after the second spraying (early July), 8 mg / L of abscisic acid and 400 times dilution of boron molybdenum calcium compound nutrient are mixed with 90 kg of water per mu for spraying; Implementation effect

[0023] Early maturity: plum matures 7 days earlier, and the harvesting period is shortened from 15 days to 7 days; Quality: the soluble solids content is increased from 12 degrees to 17 degrees, the tannin content is reduced by 75%, the sour and astringent feeling disappears; the fruit hardness is increased from 6.5 kg / cm 2 to 8.2 kg / cm 2 ; Benefit: the rate of commodity fruit is increased from 78% to 92%, the yield per mu is increased by 12%, the early market price is 2 yuan per jin higher than the conventional one, and the income per mu is increased by 12000 yuan.

[0024] Example 3: Plum planting control ① Planting conditions: a certain plum orchard, soil is loam, planting density is 250 plants per mu, tree age is 3 years; ② Control operation: First spraying: when the fruit color changing rate is 35% (early July), spray 110 kg / mu of water mixed with 12 mg / L of abscisic acid, 6 mg / L of maturation ester and 10 mg / L of 5-ALA; Second spraying: 7 days after the first spraying (mid-July), spray 90 kg / mu of water mixed with 10 mg / L of abscisic acid, 12 mg / L of 5-ALA and 500 times diluted boron molybdenum calcium compound nutrient agent; Third spraying: 5 days after the second spraying (late July), spray 80 kg / mu of water mixed with 6 mg / L of abscisic acid and 300 times diluted boron molybdenum calcium compound nutrient agent; Implementation effect

[0025] Early maturity: the plum matures 6 days in advance, and the harvest period is shortened from 14 days to 8 days; Quality: the soluble solid content is increased from 11 degrees to 15 degrees, the tannin content is reduced by 72%, the coloring is uniform, and the fruit hardness is increased from 5.8 kg / cm 2 to 7.5 kg / cm 2 ; Benefit: the rate of commodity fruit is increased from 80% to 91%, the yield per mu is increased by 10%, and the income per mu is increased by 8500 yuan.

[0026] In summary, the method of the application selects natural, low-toxicity and residue-free agents, meets the green food production standards, has no pollution to the soil and environment, has strong sustainability, does not require complex equipment, farmers can directly spray according to the proportion, has low learning cost, is easy to scale up, is suitable for drupes such as Prunus domestica, plum, peach, apricot and the like, and significantly improves the planting benefit and commodity value of the fruit.

[0027] In this paper, the following points need attention: 1. The embodiments of the disclosure only involve structures involved in the embodiments of the disclosure, and other structures can refer to general design.

[0028] 2. In the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined to obtain new embodiments.

[0029] Although the embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the application, and the scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the application.

Claims

1. A segmented chemical agent regulation method for increasing sugar, de-astringency, de-acidification, early ripening, quality improvement and yield increase of Prunus domestica and Prunus avium and other stone fruits, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Step one: first spraying When the fruit color changing rate reaches 10%, the first pesticide combination is sprayed, which is composed of abscisic acid, ripening agent and 5-aminoacetyl propionic acid, and is diluted with water and sprayed uniformly on the fruit and leaves; Step two: second spraying 7 days after the first spraying, when the fruit color changing rate reaches 30-40%, the second pesticide combination is sprayed, which is composed of abscisic acid, 5-aminoacetyl propionic acid and boron-molybdenum-calcium compound nutrient agent, and is diluted with water and sprayed; Step three: third spraying 5 days after the second spraying, when the fruit color changing rate reaches 60-80%, the third pesticide combination is sprayed, which is composed of abscisic acid and boron-molybdenum-calcium compound nutrient agent, and is diluted with water and sprayed; Through three segmented spraying, the synergistic effect of increasing sugar, de-astringency, early maturity, quality improvement and yield increase of stone fruit is achieved.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, The concentration ratio of the first pesticide combination in step one is: abscisic acid 10-20 mg / L, ripening agent 5-10 mg / L, and 5-aminoacetyl propionic acid 8-15 mg / L, and the spraying amount is 100-150 kg / acre, ensuring uniform coverage of the fruit surface.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, The concentration ratio of the second pesticide combination in step two is: abscisic acid 8-15 mg / L, 5-aminoacetyl propionic acid 10-18 mg / L, and boron-molybdenum-calcium compound nutrient agent 500-800 times dilution, and the spraying amount is 80-120 kg / acre, and the boron-molybdenum-calcium compound nutrient agent contains boron ≥10 g / L, molybdenum ≥0.5 g / L, and calcium ≥50 g / L.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, The concentration ratio of the third pesticide combination in step three is: abscisic acid 5-10 mg / L, and boron-molybdenum-calcium compound nutrient agent 300-500 times dilution, and the spraying amount is 80-100 kg / acre, and the spraying is focused on the fruit surface.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, The spraying time is selected in the morning from 9 to 11 o'clock or after 4 o'clock in the afternoon on sunny days, avoiding high temperature, strong light and rainy days; if it rains within 4 hours after spraying, it needs to be sprayed again, and the amount of supplementary spraying is 50%-70% of the original amount.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, The stone fruits include Prunus domestica, Prunus persica, Prunus armeniaca, and Prunus pseudocerasus, among which Prunus domestica and Prunus persica have the best control effect, with early maturity of 5-15 days, and other stone fruits have early maturity of 3-13 days.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, The abscisic acid is S-ABA natural abscisic acid with a purity of ≥98%, the ripening agent is an ethylene derivative with a purity of ≥95%, and the 5-aminoacetyl propionic acid is a biological stimulant with a purity of ≥99%, ensuring the activity and safety of the pesticide.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that, The control effect of the control method meets the following requirements: the soluble solid content of the fruit is increased by 3-5 degrees, the tannin content is reduced by more than 70%, the fruit penetration hardness is increased by 20%-30%, the harvest period is shortened by 50%-55%, the yield per mu is increased by 10%-15%, and the rate of marketable fruit is increased to more than 90%.