Tool and method for removing burrs of cross hole of crankshaft

Abstract

The invention discloses a tool and method for removing crankshaft cross hole burrs, and the tool comprises a tool bar of the tool for removing crankshaft cross hole burrs is made of an elastic material, one end of the tool bar is provided with a connecting part, and a tool bit is detachably connected to the connecting part; the cutter bar can elastically deform during high-speed rotation so that the cutter head can be attached to the edge of a crankshaft cross hole for deburring, the cutter bar is made of memory alloy, the cutter head is in threaded connection with the cutter bar, the cutter head comprises a carbon steel structure base body and a hard alloy blade cutting unit, an auxiliary contact bearing is further arranged, and the tool can be driven by a machining center and the like. The invention further discloses a method for removing the burrs of the cross hole of the crankshaft through the tool. The method comprises the steps of tool installation, tool bit guiding, high-speed rotation, feeding cutting control and the like. The crankshaft cross hole burr removing device achieves the effects of effectively removing the burrs of the crankshaft cross holes and improving the machining precision and efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of machining, and in particular to a tool for removing burrs of a cross hole of a crankshaft. BACKGROUND

[0002] The crankshaft is a core component of an engine, and is internally provided with complex oil passages, which are usually formed by a plurality of cross holes, such as cross holes between oil holes on a main journal and a connecting rod journal and a main oil gallery. When drilling or machining the cross holes, especially when drilling the second hole, burrs are generated at the intersection between the first machined hole and the second machined hole, and the burrs are usually directed towards the first machined hole. Since the profile of the cross hole is usually curved, and the size, shape and position of the burrs are not fixed due to the influence of factors such as drill wear and machining parameters, the removal of the burrs is extremely complex and difficult. If the burrs are not effectively removed, they may fall off due to vibration or flushing of lubricating oil during engine operation. The fallen burrs enter the hydraulic system circuit along with the lubricating oil, which may cause poor lubrication and oil passage blockage, and further cause abnormal wear of the bearing shell, and even cause the engine to be stuck or cause serious mechanical failure. For hydraulic system components, the fallen burrs exist in the small working clearance of each hydraulic component, and are one of the main reasons for the sticking of the spool valve, the blockage of the circuit or the filter screen. Therefore, the removal of the burrs of the cross hole of the crankshaft is a key process for ensuring the reliability and durability of the engine and its hydraulic system.

[0003] Currently, existing technologies for deburring crankshaft cross holes commonly use ordinary reamers, drills, or ball end mills. However, these methods have significant limitations. First, ordinary reamers are inefficient; their structural design makes it difficult to fully adapt to the special shape of cross holes, often requiring repeated operations, which cannot meet the needs of large-scale production. They also cannot effectively handle the special geometry of cross holes, whose contours are curved rather than planar. Ordinary reamers, drills, or ball end mills have fixed cutting angles and rigid structures, making it difficult to flexibly adapt to burrs at different positions and angles within the cross hole, easily leading to burr residue or secondary burrs. Second, processing consistency is poor. When attempting to remove burrs from the direction of a second machining hole, considering the processing cycle, programming is complex, and the edge shape may change due to the burrs turning in the opposite direction, affecting the stability of processing quality. Other deburring methods, such as electrolytic machining (ECD), can handle complex cross holes, but require large equipment investments, and the electrolyte is corrosive, potentially causing non-burr areas of the part to lose their luster or even affect dimensional accuracy. Thermal deburring (TED) equipment is expensive (costing millions of yuan), and the workpiece may need to be cleaned after treatment to prevent oxidation or deformation. High-pressure water jet deburring equipment is also expensive and requires precise workpiece positioning and nozzle control. While manual deburring is cheaper, it is almost ineffective at removing burrs from complex cross-holes inside crankshafts, especially irregular cross-curved surfaces and internal corners, and is inefficient with inconsistent quality.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field for a specialized tool that can efficiently and reliably remove burrs from crankshaft cross bores. This tool should be able to adapt to the special geometry of the cross bores, ensure consistent deburring results, and take into account cost-effectiveness and ease of use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve the stability and reliability of burr removal, this application provides a tool and method for removing burrs from crankshaft cross holes.

[0006] This application provides a tool for removing burrs from crankshaft cross holes, employing the following technical solution: A tool for removing burrs from crankshaft cross bores, comprising: A tool holder, wherein the tool holder is made of an elastic material, and a connecting part is provided at one end of the tool holder; A cutting head, which is detachably connected to the connecting portion of the cutting shank; The cutter bar is configured to generate elastic deformation driven by centrifugal force when rotating at high speed, so that the cutter head fits the edge of the crankshaft cross hole to remove burrs.

[0007] By adopting the technical scheme, the tool bar is made of elastic material and generates controllable deformation by centrifugal force when rotating at high speed, so that the tool head can adapt to the curved surface profile of the cross hole of the crankshaft, effectively solving the problem that rigid tools are difficult to fit the complex cross hole geometry. This self-adaptive feature avoids burr residue or secondary burr caused by fixed angle of traditional rigid reamer or drill bit, and simplifies the tool head replacement process through split design, significantly improving the consistency and efficiency of deburring operation.

[0008] Preferably, the elastic material used in the tool bar is a memory alloy.

[0009] By adopting the technical scheme, the super-elasticity of the memory alloy (such as nickel-titanium alloy) enables the tool bar to generate a larger range of elastic deformation under the action of centrifugal force and still restore to its original state, enhancing the adaptability of the tool to different curvatures of the cross hole. Its high reliability further ensures the stability of deformation under high-speed rotating conditions, avoiding tool failure due to plastic deformation, thereby prolonging the tool life and maintaining the durability of deburring effect.

[0010] Preferably, the connecting part of the tool head and the tool bar is a threaded connection, a threaded hole is provided in the connecting part of the tool bar, and an external thread matching the threaded hole is provided at one end of the tool head.

[0011] By adopting the technical scheme, the threaded connection structure realizes quick assembly and separation of the tool head and the tool bar, not only reducing the overall tool replacement cost caused by tool head wear, but also allowing flexible replacement of special tool heads (such as ball head tools, diamond tools) according to the size of the cross hole or the type of burr. This modular design improves the versatility of the tool, and through close thread cooperation, it ensures the stability of power transmission during cutting.

[0012] Preferably, the tool head includes a base body and a cutting unit fixed to the base body, the base body is made of carbon steel structure, and the cutting unit is a carbide insert.

[0013] By adopting the technical scheme, the carbon steel base body provides high strength support for the carbide insert, avoiding vibration or deviation during cutting, while the high hardness and wear resistance of the carbide insert ensure its effective cutting ability for metal burrs. Both of them take into account the structural strength of the tool head and ensure the persistent sharpness of the cutting unit, which is suitable for the working condition of repeated friction in the crankshaft hole.

[0014] Preferably, the cutting unit is fixed to the base body of the tool head by welding, threaded interlocking or key pin structure.

[0015] By adopting the technical scheme, the welding, thread interlocking or key pin fixing mode can be selected according to the tool bit structure and cutting requirements, for example, the welding is suitable for high-strength permanent connection, and the key pin structure is convenient for directional adjustment of the blade. The plurality of fixing modes enhances the stability of the blade in a complex stress environment, prevents the blade from loosening due to non-uniform resistance when burr cutting, and improves the machining safety.

[0016] Preferably, an auxiliary contact bearing is further included, which is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the tool bar and used to provide support and limit for the tool bar during machining to control the runout of the tool bar part.

[0017] By adopting the technical scheme, the auxiliary contact bearing constrains the radial runout of the tool bar, reduces the vibration deviation that may be caused by elastic deformation during high-speed rotation, and makes the tool bit more accurately fit the edge of the cross hole. This limiting action not only reduces the risk of fracture of the tool bar due to stress concentration, but also improves the smoothness of the deburred surface, avoiding damage to the hole wall caused by excessive cutting.

[0018] Preferably, the tool is configured to be driven by a machining center, a robot or a special numerical control device, and the deburring operation of the cross hole of the crankshaft is realized by controlling the rotation speed and the feed amount.

[0019] By adopting the technical scheme, the tool is combined with the numerical control device or the robot, and the rotation speed, the feed path and the centrifugal force acting time can be accurately controlled through programming, realizing the complex cross hole full coverage machining under multi-axis linkage. This automatic control reduces the uncertainty of manual operation, and is especially suitable for scenes with high deburring quality consistency requirements in batch production.

[0020] A method for removing burrs of a cross hole of a crankshaft, adopting a tool for removing burrs of a cross hole of a crankshaft, comprising the following steps: installing the tool on a driving device; guiding the tool bit to the cross hole of the crankshaft; starting the driving device to rotate the tool at high speed, utilizing the centrifugal force to make the tool bar elastically deform and drive the tool bit to fit the edge of the cross hole; controlling the feed motion to make the tool bit cut and remove the burrs of the edge of the cross hole.

[0021] By adopting the technical scheme, the method of utilizing the centrifugal force to drive the tool bar to deform replaces the forced contact mode of the traditional rigid tool, so that the tool can automatically match the curved surface change of the cross hole, reducing the dependence on the positioning accuracy of the equipment. By controlling the coordination of the feed motion and the rotation parameters, the gradual cutting of the burrs is realized instead of the impact removal, which not only reduces the tool wear, but also avoids the damage to the shape of the hole edge, and both efficiency and quality are considered.

[0022] To sum up, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: The tool shank is made of elastic material and generates controllable deformation under centrifugal force when rotating at high speed, so that the tool head can adapt to the curved surface profile of the cross hole of the crankshaft, effectively solving the problem that rigid tools are difficult to fit the complex cross hole geometry, avoiding burr residue or secondary burr, and improving the consistency and efficiency of deburring operation. The threaded connection structure realizes quick assembly and separation of the tool head and the tool shank, reduces the overall tool replacement cost caused by tool head wear, allows flexible replacement of special tool heads according to cross hole size or burr type, improves the versatility of the tool, and at the same time ensures the stability of power transmission during cutting. The auxiliary contact bearing reduces the vibration deviation that may be generated by elastic deformation at high speed by constraining the radial runout of the tool shank, makes the tool head more accurately fit the edge of the cross hole, reduces the risk of fracture of the tool shank due to stress concentration, improves the smoothness of the deburred surface, and avoids damage to the hole wall caused by excessive cutting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tool for removing burrs from a cross hole of a crankshaft according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a tool head and a tool shank in a tool for removing burrs from a cross hole of a crankshaft according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Reference signs: 1, tool shank; 11, connecting part; 12, threaded hole; 2, tool head; 21, base body; 22, cutting unit; 23, external thread. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be described in detail below Figures 1-2 The present application will be further described in detail.

[0027] The present application discloses a tool for removing burrs from a cross hole of a crankshaft, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , comprising a tool shank 1 and a tool head 2, wherein the tool shank 1 is made of elastic material, the tool head 2 is detachably connected to the connecting part 11 of the tool shank 1, and the elastic deformation of the tool shank 1 driven by centrifugal force when rotating at high speed can make the tool head 2 fit the edge of the cross hole of the crankshaft, thereby removing the burrs. Such design can adapt to the curved surface profile of the cross hole of the crankshaft, solve the problem that rigid tools are difficult to fit the complex cross hole geometry, avoid burr residue or secondary burr, and improve the consistency and efficiency of deburring operation. The reason is that the elastic deformation can adjust the tool head 2 according to the actual shape of the cross hole.

[0028] Specifically, the cutter bar 1 includes a rod body and a connecting part 11. The rod body is made of elastic material, such as memory alloy (nickel-titanium, copper-based, iron-based, beryllium copper alloy, etc.). The memory alloy has super-elasticity and high reliability, can still restore its original shape after a large range of elastic deformation under the action of centrifugal force, and enhances the adaptability of the cutter to different curvatures of the cross hole. Moreover, its high reliability ensures the stability of deformation under high-speed rotating conditions, avoiding tool failure due to plastic deformation. The rod body can also be made of other elastic materials, such as high-strength spring steel, which can also meet the requirements of elastic deformation to a certain extent, but may not be as good as memory alloy in terms of deformation range and stability. The connecting part 11 is arranged at one end of the cutter bar 1 and used for connecting the cutter head 2. The connecting part 11 can be a structure with a threaded hole 12, facilitating subsequent threaded connection with the cutter head 2.

[0029] The cutter head 2 includes a base body 21 and a cutting unit 22. The base body 21 is made of carbon steel structure, which has high strength and can provide stable support for the cutting unit 22 to avoid vibration or deviation during cutting. The shape of the base body 21 can be designed according to different processing requirements, such as cylindrical, conical, etc. The cutting unit 22 is a hard alloy blade, which has high hardness and wear resistance and can effectively cut metal burrs. The cutting unit 22 can be fixed on the base body 21 of the cutter head 2 by welding, threaded interlocking or key pin structure. Taking welding as an example, welding can achieve high-strength permanent connection to ensure the stability of the cutting unit 22 during cutting. The key pin structure facilitates directional adjustment of the blade, which can be easily operated when the cutting angle needs to be adjusted. The specific shape of the cutter head 2 can also be selected according to the characteristics of the cross hole, such as a ball nose cutter suitable for some curved profile cross holes, and a diamond cutter having better cutting effect on burrs with high hardness.

[0030] The connection between the cutter head 2 and the cutter bar 1 adopts threaded connection. A threaded hole 12 is formed in the connecting part 11 of the cutter bar 1, and an external thread 23 matched with the threaded hole 12 is arranged at one end of the cutter head 2. This connection method realizes quick assembly and separation of the cutter head 2 and the cutter bar 1, reduces the overall tool replacement cost caused by wear of the cutter head 2, and can also flexibly replace special cutter heads 2 according to the size of the cross hole or the type of burr, such as ball nose cutters, diamond cutters, and various cutter heads 2 combined with cutter bars 1 to realize different deburring processing requirements. Moreover, the close thread fit ensures the stability of power transmission during cutting.

[0031] The tool also includes an auxiliary contact bearing arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the tool bar 1, which is used to provide support and limit for the tool bar 1 during machining to control the runout of the tool bar 1. The auxiliary contact bearing can be a rolling bearing, which can reduce the vibration deviation caused by elastic deformation at high speed rotation by restricting the radial runout of the tool bar 1, make the tool head 2 more accurately fit the edge of the cross hole, reduce the risk of fracture of the tool bar 1 due to stress concentration, improve the smoothness of the deburring surface, and avoid damage to the hole wall caused by excessive cutting.

[0032] The tool is configured to be driven by a machining center, a robot or a special numerical control device to realize the deburring of the cross hole of the crankshaft by controlling the rotation speed and the feed amount. The machining center can provide a high-precision machining environment, the robot has good flexibility and adaptability, and the special numerical control device can accurately control the movement of the tool according to the preset program. By controlling the rotation speed, the elastic deformation amount of the tool bar 1 can be adjusted, and by controlling the feed amount, the tool head 2 can effectively cut and remove the burrs on the edge of the cross hole.

[0033] The implementation principle of the embodiment is that the tool utilizes the elastic material properties of the tool bar 1 to generate elastic deformation driven by centrifugal force at high speed rotation, so that the tool head 2 can adapt to the curved surface profile of the cross hole of the crankshaft, effectively solving the problem that the existing rigid tool is difficult to fit the complex cross hole shape, and avoiding the generation of burrs and secondary burrs. The detachable connection mode of the tool head 2 and the tool bar 1 facilitates the replacement of the tool head 2, reduces the cost and improves the versatility of the tool. The setting of the auxiliary contact bearing controls the runout of the tool bar 1, improves the machining precision and stability. Through cooperation with the machining center, the robot or the special numerical control device, accurate control of the rotation speed and the feed amount is realized, so that the burrs of the cross hole of the crankshaft are efficiently and reliably removed. Compared with the prior art, the deburring efficiency and quality are improved, the cost is reduced, and the tool has better practicability and economy.

[0034] The embodiment of the present application also provides a method for removing burrs of a cross hole of a crankshaft, which adopts the tool described above and includes the following steps: S1, installing the tool on a driving device. The machining center, the robot or the special numerical control device can be used as the driving device, and the tool is firmly installed on the driving device through the corresponding clamp to ensure that the tool does not loosen or displace during machining.

[0035] S2, guiding the tool head 2 to the cross hole of the crankshaft. The tool head 2 can be accurately moved to the position of the cross hole of the crankshaft through the movement control of the driving device, which needs to be accurately positioned according to the specific position of the crankshaft and the size of the cross hole.

[0036] S3, the driving device is started to rotate the tool at high speed, the elastic deformation of the cutter bar 1 is generated by centrifugal force, and the cutting unit 22 of the cutter head 2 is driven to adhere to the edge of the cross hole. The driving device controls the tool to reach a certain rotating speed, the cutter bar 1 is elastically deformed under the action of centrifugal force, so that the cutter head 2 can adhere to the edge of the cross hole, and the preparation for removing the burr is made.

[0037] S4, through the controlled feeding motion, the burr on the edge of the cross hole is removed by the cutting unit 22 of the cutter head 2. The driving device controls the tool to move according to the preset feeding amount, the cutting unit 22 of the cutter head 2 cuts the burr in the state of adhering to the edge of the cross hole, and gradually removes the burr.

[0038] The method utilizes the elastic deformation of the elastic cutter bar 1 of the tool under the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation, so that the cutter head 2 can adapt to the curved surface profile of the cross hole of the crankshaft, and the dependence on the positioning accuracy of the equipment is reduced. Through the cooperation of the controlled feeding motion and the rotating parameters, the progressive cutting of the burr is realized, the damage of the hole edge shape and the tool loss caused by the impact removal are avoided, the efficiency of deburring is ensured, and the machining quality is improved. Compared with the existing method, the method is more efficient and reliable, can meet the actual needs of deburring of the cross hole of the crankshaft, improves the reliability and durability of the engine and the hydraulic system, and is more efficient and reliable.

[0039] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application, therefore: any equivalent changes made on the structure, shape, principle of the present application shall be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tool for removing burrs from a cross-hole of a crankshaft, characterized by, The utility model relates to a tool for deburring cross hole of crankshaft, comprising: a blade rod (1) made of elastic material, one end of the blade rod (1) is provided with a connecting part (11); a blade head (2) detachably connected to the connecting part (11) of the blade rod (1); the blade rod (1) is configured to produce elastic deformation under the driving of centrifugal force when rotating at high speed, so that the blade head (2) adheres to the edge of the cross hole of the crankshaft to remove burrs.

2. A tool for removing burrs from cross holes of a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic material used in the blade rod (1) is a memory alloy.

3. A tool for removing burrs from cross holes of a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting part (11) of the blade head (2) and the blade rod (1) is a threaded connection, a threaded hole (12) is formed in the connecting part (11) of the blade rod (1), and an external thread (23) matched with the threaded hole (12) is arranged at one end of the blade head (2).

4. The tool for removing burrs from cross holes of a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade head (2) comprises a base body (21) and a cutting unit (22) fixed on the base body (21), the base body (21) is a carbon steel structure, and the cutting unit (22) is a carbide blade.

5. A tool for removing burrs from cross holes of a crankshaft according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cutting unit (22) is fixed on the base body (21) of the blade head (2) by welding, threaded interlocking or key pin structure.

6. The tool for removing burrs from cross holes of a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: An auxiliary contact bearing is further included, which is arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the blade rod (1) and used for providing support and limiting for the blade rod (1) during machining to control the runout of the part of the blade rod (1).

7. The tool for removing burrs from cross holes of a crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool is configured to be driven by a machining center, a robot or a special numerical control equipment, and the deburring operation of the cross hole of the crankshaft is realized by controlling the rotating speed and the feed amount.

8. A method for removing burrs from a cross-hole of a crankshaft using the tool for removing burrs from a cross-hole of a crankshaft according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by, The tool comprises the following steps: installing the tool on the driving equipment; guiding the blade head (2) to the cross hole of the crankshaft; starting the driving equipment to rotate the tool at high speed, utilizing the centrifugal force to make the blade rod (1) produce elastic deformation and drive the blade head (2) to adhere to the edge of the cross hole; through the controlled feeding movement, the blade head (2) removes the burrs on the edge of the cross hole by cutting.

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