System utilizing cold energy of liquefied natural gas and waste heat of gas turbine and operation method

Abstract

The invention provides a system utilizing liquefied natural gas cold energy and gas turbine waste heat and an operation method, in the system, a gas turbine heat regenerator is connected with a Kalina cycle heater, and the Kalina cycle heater is connected with a first organic Rankine cycle heater; high-temperature fuel gas subjected to heat exchange in a heat regenerator of the gas turbine sequentially enters a Kalina cycle heater and a first organic Rankine cycle heater to provide heat for bottom cycle; the organic Rankine cycle condenser is connected with the Kalina cycle condenser, and liquefied natural gas sequentially enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Kalina cycle condenser to condense corresponding working media. The system can efficiently and reasonably utilize exhaust waste heat energy of the regenerative gas turbine and cold energy in the gasification process of the liquefied natural gas, waste heat recovery is achieved through stepped utilization, the energy utilization rate is increased, and waste of exhaust heat of the gas turbine and the cold energy of the liquefied natural gas is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power cycle system technology, specifically relating to a system and operation method that utilizes the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of a gas turbine. Background Technology

[0002] Regenerative gas turbines recover some of the waste heat from the turbine exhaust by using a regenerator to heat the compressor outlet air, thus achieving higher cycle efficiency than simple cycle gas turbines. However, due to the high temperature of the compressed air at the compressor outlet, the exhaust gas from regenerative gas turbines still has a relatively high temperature. Efficiently and rationally utilizing the waste heat energy from the exhaust gas of regenerative gas turbines can further improve their cycle efficiency.

[0003] Liquefying natural gas into liquefied natural gas (LNG) for storage and transportation can effectively address the uneven distribution of global natural gas reserves and the challenges of long-distance transportation. Upon arrival at the point of use, the LNG needs to be regasified back into gaseous natural gas for consumption. At standard atmospheric pressure, the liquefaction temperature of gaseous natural gas is approximately -162°C; therefore, the LNG regasification process contains abundant cold energy. However, currently, most LNG regasification terminals release the cold energy generated during the regasification process into seawater or the air, resulting in resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a system and operation method for utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of gas turbines, which can realize the efficient cascade utilization of exhaust heat energy from regenerative gas turbines and cold energy from liquefied natural gas regasification. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a system and operation method for utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of gas turbines.

[0006] One aspect of the present invention provides a system utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of a gas turbine, comprising a regenerative gas turbine, a Karina cycle system, an organic Rankine cycle system, and liquefied natural gas; the regenerative gas turbine includes a gas turbine regenerator, the Karina cycle system includes a Karina cycle heater and a Karina cycle condenser, and the organic Rankine cycle system includes an organic Rankine cycle first heater and an organic Rankine cycle condenser; The gas turbine regenerator is connected to the Karina cycle heater, and the Karina cycle heater is connected to the organic Rankine cycle first heater, so that the high-temperature gas that has completed heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator enters the Karina cycle heater and the organic Rankine cycle first heater in turn to provide heat for the bottom cycle. The organic Rankine cycle condenser is connected to the Karina cycle condenser. The liquefied natural gas enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Karina cycle condenser in sequence to condense the corresponding working fluid. The liquefied natural gas also absorbs heat, vaporizes, and rises to room temperature.

[0007] Optionally, the regenerative gas turbine further includes a combustion chamber; The Karina circulating condenser is connected to the combustion chamber, wherein the liquefied natural gas, which absorbs heat, vaporizes, and is heated to room temperature, enters the combustion chamber as fuel.

[0008] Optionally, the regenerative gas turbine further includes a compressor and a gas turbine. The compressor, the gas turbine regenerator, the combustion chamber, and the gas turbine are connected in sequence; The outlet of the gas turbine is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine regenerator, allowing the high-temperature gas to enter the gas turbine regenerator for reheating.

[0009] Optionally, the Karina circulation system further includes a Karina circulation working fluid pump and a Karina circulation regenerator; The inlet and outlet of the Karina circulating working fluid pump are connected to the outlet of the Karina circulating condenser and the first inlet of the Karina circulating regenerator, respectively, so that the ammonia water basic solution in the Karina circulating condenser is pumped to the Karina circulating regenerator under the action of the Karina circulating working fluid pump. The first outlet of the Karina circulating regenerator is connected to the inlet of the Karina circulating heater to supply an ammonia basic solution to the Karina circulating heater.

[0010] Optionally, the Karina circulation system further includes a gas-liquid separator and a Karina circulation turbine; The inlet and gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator are respectively connected to the outlet of the Karina circulating heater and the inlet of the Karina circulating turbine; The outlet of the Karina cycle turbine is connected to the second inlet of the Karina cycle regenerator.

[0011] Optionally, the Karina circulation system also includes a mixer; The first inlet and outlet of the mixer are connected to the second outlet of the Karina cycle regenerator and the inlet of the Karina cycle condenser, respectively.

[0012] Optionally, the organic Rankine cycle system further includes an organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump and an organic Rankine cycle second heater; The inlet and outlet of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump are respectively connected to the outlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the first inlet of the organic Rankine cycle second heater. The second inlet of the organic Rankine cycle second heater is connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator; The first outlet of the second heater of the organic Rankine cycle is connected to the inlet of the first heater of the organic Rankine cycle; The second outlet of the second heater of the organic Rankine cycle is connected to the second inlet of the mixer.

[0013] Optionally, the organic Rankine cycle system further includes an organic Rankine cycle turbine; The inlet and outlet of the organic Rankine cycle turbine are connected to the outlet of the organic Rankine cycle first heater and the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser, respectively.

[0014] Another aspect of the present invention provides an operating method for a system utilizing liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy and gas turbine waste heat, employing the system described above for utilizing LNG cold energy and gas turbine waste heat; wherein, the method includes: The gas turbine regenerator is connected to the Karina cycle heater, and the Karina cycle heater is connected to the organic Rankine cycle first heater, so that the high-temperature gas that has completed heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator enters the Karina cycle heater and the organic Rankine cycle first heater in turn to provide heat for the bottom cycle. The organic Rankine cycle condenser is connected to the Karina cycle condenser so that the liquefied natural gas enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Karina cycle condenser in sequence to condense the corresponding working fluid. The liquefied natural gas also absorbs heat, vaporizes, and rises to room temperature.

[0015] Optionally, the method further includes: The Karina cycle condenser is connected to the combustion chamber of the regenerative gas turbine so that the liquefied natural gas, which has absorbed heat, vaporized, and heated to ambient temperature, enters the combustion chamber as fuel.

[0016] This invention relates to a system and operating method for utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and waste heat from a gas turbine. The system includes a regenerative gas turbine, a Kalina cycle system, and an organic Rankine cycle system. High-temperature gas, after heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator, sequentially enters the Kalina cycle heater and the first organic Rankine cycle heater to provide heat for the bottom cycle. LNG then sequentially enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Kalina cycle condenser to condense the corresponding working fluid. This system can efficiently and rationally utilize the waste heat energy from the exhaust of the regenerative gas turbine and the cold energy from the LNG vaporization process. Waste heat recovery is achieved through tiered utilization, improving energy efficiency and reducing the waste of gas turbine exhaust heat and LNG cold energy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a circulating system that utilizes the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of a gas turbine, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a recycling method utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of a gas turbine, according to another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, one aspect of the present invention provides a circulation system that utilizes the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of a gas turbine, including a regenerative gas turbine, a Karina cycle system, an organic Rankine cycle system, and liquefied natural gas.

[0020] The regenerative gas turbine consists of a compressor 11, a combustion chamber 12, a gas turbine 13, and a gas turbine regenerator 14. The compressor 11, gas turbine regenerator 14, combustion chamber 12, and gas turbine 13 are connected in sequence. The outlet of the gas turbine 13 is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine regenerator 14, allowing the high-temperature gas to enter the gas turbine regenerator for reheating.

[0021] Specifically, air is compressed to a high-pressure state by compressor 11, and then the high-pressure air enters the gas turbine regenerator 14 to absorb heat from the gas turbine exhaust. After heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator 14, the high-pressure air enters the combustion chamber 12 and combusts with the natural gas entering the combustion chamber 12, producing high-temperature, high-pressure gas. This gas enters the gas turbine 13 to drive the gas turbine and generate mechanical energy. Even after performing work in the gas turbine 13, the gas still maintains a high temperature, and then enters the gas turbine regenerator 14 for reheating, transferring some of its heat energy to the high-pressure air at the compressor outlet.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the Karina circulation system consists of a Karina circulation working fluid pump 21, a Karina circulation regenerator 22, a Karina circulation heater 23, a gas-liquid separator 24, a Karina circulation turbine 25, a mixer 26, and a Karina circulation condenser 27. The organic Rankine circulation system consists of an organic Rankine circulation working fluid pump 31, an organic Rankine circulation first heater 33, an organic Rankine circulation second heater 32, an organic Rankine circulation turbine 34, and an organic Rankine circulation condenser 35.

[0023] The gas turbine regenerator 14 is connected to the Karina cycle heater 23, which is connected to the organic Rankine cycle first heater 33. This allows the high-temperature gas that has completed heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator 14 to enter the Karina cycle heater 23 and the organic Rankine cycle first heater 33 in turn to provide heat for the bottom cycle, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of waste heat from the gas turbine.

[0024] Specifically, the high-temperature exhaust gas from the gas turbine is introduced into the Karina cycle heater 23, and after heat exchange in the Karina cycle heater 23, it re-enters the organic Rankine cycle first heater 33, thus realizing the cascade utilization of waste heat.

[0025] Organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 is connected to Karina cycle condenser 27. Liquefied natural gas enters organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 and Karina cycle condenser 27 in sequence to condense the corresponding working fluid. The working fluid in organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 and Karina cycle condenser 27 is condensed by the cold energy of liquefied natural gas, so as to make full use of the cold energy of liquefied natural gas, realize the tiered utilization of cold energy, and improve the energy utilization rate.

[0026] This invention relates to a system utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and waste heat from a gas turbine. The system comprises a regenerative gas turbine, a Karina cycle system, and an organic Rankine cycle system. High-temperature gas, after heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator, sequentially enters the Karina cycle heater and the first organic Rankine cycle heater to provide heat for the bottom cycle. LNG then sequentially enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Karina cycle condenser to condense the corresponding working fluid. This system efficiently and rationally utilizes the waste heat energy from the regenerative gas turbine exhaust and the cold energy from the LNG vaporization process. Waste heat recovery is achieved through tiered utilization, improving energy efficiency and reducing the waste of gas turbine exhaust heat and LNG cold energy.

[0027] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 is connected to the Karina cycle condenser 27, and the Karina cycle condenser 27 is connected to the combustion chamber 12. The liquefied natural gas condenses the working fluid in the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 and the Karina cycle condenser 27, absorbs heat, vaporizes, and heats up to room temperature, and then enters the combustion chamber 12 as fuel.

[0028] For example, in the Karina circulation system, the inlet and outlet of the Karina circulation working fluid pump 21 are connected to the outlet of the Karina circulation condenser 27 and the first inlet of the Karina circulation regenerator 22, respectively, so that the ammonia water basic solution in the Karina circulation condenser 27 is pumped to the Karina circulation regenerator 22 under the action of the Karina circulation working fluid pump 21.

[0029] The first outlet of the Karina circulating regenerator 22 is connected to the inlet of the Karina circulating heater 23 to supply the ammonia basic solution into the Karina circulating heater 23.

[0030] The inlet and gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator 24 are connected to the outlet of the Karina circulating heater 23 and the inlet of the Karina circulating turbine 25, respectively. The outlet of the Karina circulating turbine 25 is connected to the second inlet of the Karina circulating regenerator 22.

[0031] The first inlet and outlet of the mixer 26 are connected to the second outlet of the Karina cycle regenerator 22 and the inlet of the Karina cycle condenser 27, respectively.

[0032] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the inlet and outlet of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump 31 are connected to the outlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 and the first inlet of the organic Rankine cycle second heater 32, respectively.

[0033] The second inlet of the second heater 32 of the organic Rankine cycle is connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 24.

[0034] The first outlet of the second heater 32 of the organic Rankine cycle is connected to the inlet of the first heater 33 of the organic Rankine cycle; the second outlet of the second heater 32 of the organic Rankine cycle is connected to the second inlet of the mixer 26.

[0035] The inlet and outlet of the organic Rankine cycle turbine 34 are connected to the outlet of the organic Rankine cycle first heater 33 and the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35, respectively.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, the ammonia solution in the Karina cycle condenser 27 is pressurized by the Karina cycle working fluid pump 21 and enters the Karina cycle regenerator 22, where it is heated to a certain temperature by the exhaust gas from the Karina cycle turbine 25. The heated ammonia solution then enters the Karina cycle heater 23, where it is heated and evaporated by the exhaust gas from the gas turbine, becoming a gas-liquid two-phase substance. This gas-liquid two-phase substance enters the gas-liquid separator 24 for gas-liquid separation, resulting in ammonia-rich vapor and ammonia-lean solution. The ammonia-rich vapor separated by the gas-liquid separator 24 enters the Karina cycle turbine 25, driving it to generate mechanical energy. Subsequently, the ammonia-rich vapor enters the Karina cycle regenerator 22 for reheating, heating the ammonia solution that is then re-circulated in the Karina cycle. The ammonia-lean solution separated by the gas-liquid separator 24 enters the organic Rankine cycle second heater 32 to heat the organic Rankine cycle working fluid. The ammonia-rich vapor, which has undergone heat exchange in the regenerator 22, and the ammonia-lean solution, which has undergone heat exchange in the second heater 32 of the organic Rankine cycle, enter the mixer 26 for mixing. After mixing, the mixture enters the condenser 27, where it is condensed into a basic ammonia solution using the cold energy of liquefied natural gas. This completes one Karina cycle.

[0037] In the second heater 32 of the organic Rankine cycle, the organic working fluid is heated to a certain temperature by the lean ammonia solution of the Karina cycle system. The heated organic working fluid enters the first heater 33 of the organic Rankine cycle, where it is heated by the exhaust gas from the gas turbine to become a gaseous organic working fluid with a certain degree of superheat. After completing the heat exchange process, the exhaust gas from the gas turbine is discharged into the atmosphere. The heated gaseous organic working fluid enters the organic Rankine cycle turbine 34, driving the organic Rankine cycle turbine 34 to output mechanical energy. The gaseous organic working fluid that has completed its work enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35, where it is condensed into a liquid organic working fluid using the cold energy of liquefied natural gas, thus completing one organic Rankine cycle.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, another aspect of the present invention provides an operation method S100 for a system utilizing liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy and gas turbine waste heat, employing the system described above for utilizing LNG cold energy and gas turbine waste heat; the specific structural features of this circulating system utilizing LNG cold energy and gas turbine waste heat have been described in detail above and will not be repeated here. Specifically, the method may include: S110. Connect the gas turbine regenerator to the Karina cycle heater, and connect the Karina cycle heater to the organic Rankine cycle first heater, so that the high-temperature gas that has completed heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator enters the Karina cycle heater and the organic Rankine cycle first heater in sequence to provide heat for the bottom cycle.

[0039] Specifically, the gas turbine regenerator 14 is connected to the Karina cycle heater 23, and the Karina cycle heater 23 is connected to the organic Rankine cycle first heater 33, so that the high-temperature gas that has completed heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator 14 enters the Karina cycle heater 23 and the organic Rankine cycle first heater 33 in turn to provide heat for the bottom cycle, thereby realizing the recovery and utilization of waste heat from the gas turbine.

[0040] S120. Connect the organic Rankine cycle condenser to the Karina cycle condenser so that liquefied natural gas enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Karina cycle condenser in sequence to condense the corresponding working fluid.

[0041] Specifically, the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 is connected to the Karina cycle condenser 27. Liquefied natural gas is sequentially introduced into the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 and the Karina cycle condenser 27 to condense the corresponding working fluid. The working fluid in the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 and the Karina cycle condenser 27 is condensed by the cold energy of liquefied natural gas, so as to make full use of the cold energy of liquefied natural gas, realize the tiered utilization of cold energy, and improve the energy utilization rate.

[0042] For example, the method may further include: The Karina cycle condenser 27 is connected to the combustion chamber 12 of the regenerative gas turbine so that liquefied natural gas, which has absorbed heat and been vaporized and heated to ambient temperature, enters the combustion chamber as fuel.

[0043] Specifically, the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 and the Karina cycle condenser 27 are connected together. The Karina cycle condenser 27 is connected to the combustion chamber 12. While liquefied natural gas condenses the working fluid in the organic Rankine cycle condenser 35 and the Karina cycle condenser 27, it absorbs heat, vaporizes, and heats up to room temperature, and then enters the combustion chamber 12 as fuel.

[0044] The present invention discloses an operation method for a system utilizing liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy and gas turbine waste heat. Employing the aforementioned system for utilizing LNG cold energy and gas turbine waste heat, the high-temperature gas, after heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator, sequentially enters the Kalina cycle heater and the first organic Rankine cycle heater to provide heat for the bottom cycle. The LNG then sequentially enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Kalina cycle condenser to condense the corresponding working fluid. This method efficiently and rationally utilizes the exhaust waste heat energy of the regenerative gas turbine and the cold energy from the LNG vaporization process. Waste heat recovery is achieved through tiered utilization, improving energy efficiency and reducing the waste of gas turbine exhaust heat and LNG cold energy.

[0045] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of a gas turbine, characterized in that, It includes a regenerative gas turbine, a Karina cycle system, an organic Rankine cycle system, and liquefied natural gas; the regenerative gas turbine includes a gas turbine regenerator, the Karina cycle system includes a Karina cycle heater and a Karina cycle condenser, and the organic Rankine cycle system includes an organic Rankine cycle first heater and an organic Rankine cycle condenser. The gas turbine regenerator is connected to the Karina cycle heater, and the Karina cycle heater is connected to the organic Rankine cycle first heater, so that the high-temperature gas that has completed heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator enters the Karina cycle heater and the organic Rankine cycle first heater in turn to provide heat for the bottom cycle. The organic Rankine cycle condenser is connected to the Karina cycle condenser, and the liquefied natural gas enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Karina cycle condenser in sequence to condense the corresponding working fluid.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regenerative gas turbine also includes a combustion chamber; The Karina cycle condenser is connected to the combustion chamber. The liquefied natural gas condenses the working fluid in the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Karina cycle condenser, while absorbing heat and vaporizing to room temperature, and then enters the combustion chamber as fuel.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The regenerative gas turbine also includes a compressor and a gas turbine. The compressor, the gas turbine regenerator, the combustion chamber, and the gas turbine are connected in sequence; The outlet of the gas turbine is connected to the inlet of the gas turbine regenerator, allowing the high-temperature gas to enter the gas turbine regenerator for reheating.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Karina circulation system also includes a Karina circulation working fluid pump and a Karina circulation regenerator. The inlet and outlet of the Karina circulating working fluid pump are connected to the outlet of the Karina circulating condenser and the first inlet of the Karina circulating regenerator, respectively, so that the ammonia water basic solution in the Karina circulating condenser is pumped to the Karina circulating regenerator under the action of the Karina circulating working fluid pump. The first outlet of the Karina circulating regenerator is connected to the inlet of the Karina circulating heater to supply an ammonia basic solution to the Karina circulating heater.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The Karina circulation system also includes a gas-liquid separator and a Karina circulation turbine; The inlet and gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator are respectively connected to the outlet of the Karina circulating heater and the inlet of the Karina circulating turbine; The outlet of the Karina cycle turbine is connected to the second inlet of the Karina cycle regenerator.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The Karina circulation system also includes a mixer; The first inlet and outlet of the mixer are connected to the second outlet of the Karina cycle regenerator and the inlet of the Karina cycle condenser, respectively.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The organic Rankine cycle system also includes an organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump and an organic Rankine cycle second heater; The inlet and outlet of the organic Rankine cycle working fluid pump are respectively connected to the outlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the first inlet of the organic Rankine cycle second heater. The second inlet of the organic Rankine cycle second heater is connected to the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator; The first outlet of the second heater of the organic Rankine cycle is connected to the inlet of the first heater of the organic Rankine cycle; The second outlet of the second heater of the organic Rankine cycle is connected to the second inlet of the mixer.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The organic Rankine cycle system also includes an organic Rankine cycle turbine; The inlet and outlet of the organic Rankine cycle turbine are connected to the outlet of the organic Rankine cycle first heater and the inlet of the organic Rankine cycle condenser, respectively.

9. A method for operating a system utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of a gas turbine, characterized in that, The system employing any one of claims 1 to 8, utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas and the waste heat of a gas turbine; wherein the method comprises: The gas turbine regenerator is connected to the Karina cycle heater, and the Karina cycle heater is connected to the organic Rankine cycle first heater, so that the high-temperature gas that has completed heat exchange in the gas turbine regenerator enters the Karina cycle heater and the organic Rankine cycle first heater in turn to provide heat for the bottom cycle. The organic Rankine cycle condenser is connected to the Karina cycle condenser so that the liquefied natural gas enters the organic Rankine cycle condenser and the Karina cycle condenser in sequence to condense the corresponding working fluid. The liquefied natural gas also absorbs heat, vaporizes, and rises to room temperature.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: The Karina cycle condenser is connected to the combustion chamber of the regenerative gas turbine so that the liquefied natural gas, which has absorbed heat, vaporized, and heated to ambient temperature, enters the combustion chamber as fuel.

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