Frozen soil region highway subgrade deformation monitoring device

Abstract

The invention relates to a permafrost region highway subgrade deformation monitoring device which comprises a total station, a heat preservation cylinder and supporting legs. A laser centering device is arranged at the centroid position of the bottom face of the heat preservation barrel, a mounting base is arranged in the heat preservation barrel, a threaded shaft in threaded connection with the mounting base is arranged in the heat preservation barrel, and a driving shaft capable of driving the threaded shaft to rotate is rotationally connected to one side of the heat preservation barrel. The method has the advantages that the total station can be leveled without standing until the temperature of the total station is balanced with the ambient temperature, and the total station is started for monitoring. When a monitoring position is replaced, the total station can be directly stored in the heat preservation cylinder, after the total station is carried to a target point position, the laser centering device is firstly used for centering, then the driving shaft and the threaded shaft are used for driving the total station to move upwards, and then the monitoring work can be continued. And the steps of dismounting and mounting are omitted, so that the working time of the total station in a low-temperature environment is effectively shortened, and the total station can be prevented from being damaged due to long-time low-temperature environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of roadbed monitoring technology in permafrost regions, and particularly to a roadbed deformation monitoring device for permafrost regions. Background Technology

[0002] The core purpose of monitoring roadbed deformation in permafrost regions is to understand the deformation patterns of the roadbed under freeze-thaw cycles and loads, identify and warn of potential hazards, verify the effectiveness of engineering measures, and support the safety management and scientific decision-making of highways throughout their entire life cycle in cold regions.

[0003] Roadbed deformation monitoring in permafrost regions includes surface deformation monitoring, deep displacement monitoring, groundwater level monitoring, and soil moisture content monitoring. Among these, surface deformation monitoring assesses roadbed stability by measuring surface deformation, and can be performed using topographic surveying and mapping instruments such as levels and total stations.

[0004] When using a total station to monitor roadbed deformation in permafrost regions, the optical components, electronic modules, and lithium batteries of the total station are prone to performance degradation in low-temperature environments. Therefore, they are often stored in an insulated box. After arriving at the monitoring point, the instrument is removed from the insulated box and left to stand in the field environment for 10-20 minutes to allow the instrument temperature to equalize with the ambient temperature, preventing frost and fogging of the optical lenses due to temperature differences, and avoiding damage to electronic components due to thermal expansion and contraction. Then, when setting up the total station, centering, coarse leveling, and fine leveling steps are required. Taking laser centering as an example, the centering step requires turning on the laser and moving the instrument to center the laser point at the measurement station, which requires turning on the total station. The standing time, centering time, and leveling time all extend the time the total station is exposed to low-temperature environments. Especially when monitoring multiple measurement points, each time the measurement location is changed, the total station must be disassembled, left to stand, installed, centered, and leveled, significantly increasing the total station's operating time in low-temperature environments.

[0005] For example, a portable outdoor surveying device for architectural design, disclosed in CN118980361B, features foldable legs. When changing measurement locations, the legs can be folded up to enclose the total station, allowing for easy movement of the total station and its support. In permafrost region roadbed deformation monitoring, this eliminates the need for disassembly, placement, and installation of subsequent monitoring points. However, upon reaching a new monitoring point, the legs still require manipulation, complicating the centering and leveling of the total station and hindering its ability to operate in low-temperature environments. Another example is a rain-protected total station for mapping and geographic information, disclosed in CN119947013A. By installing a protective box around the total station, equipped with rainproof cloth and a transparent film, it provides a protective environment. When applied to permafrost region roadbed deformation monitoring, this relatively sealed environment reduces the impact of low temperatures on the total station. However, due to the size limitations of the protective enclosure, insufficient space makes operation difficult during the installation, alignment, and leveling of the total station, increasing the time required for these processes and indirectly extending the total station's operating time in low-temperature environments. For example, a high-fill roadbed deformation monitoring device (publication number CN218712821U) provides a large insulation component to protect the instrument from damage caused by low temperatures. However, with the total station completely enclosed within the insulation component, it is difficult for operators to accurately determine the center position of the total station from the outside of the insulation component. This makes it difficult to accurately align the total station within the insulation component with the reference point, affecting the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0006] Meanwhile, because the total station is exposed to low temperature environment for a long time, it will cause multi-dimensional damage to electronic components, mechanical structure and optical system (sharp decline in battery performance, detachment of circuit board solder joints, permanent loss of axis accuracy, fogging and coating damage of lens, offset of distance measuring optical path, etc.), directly leading to a decrease in measurement accuracy, equipment failure or even permanent scrapping. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a roadbed deformation monitoring device for permafrost regions, which can solve the problem that in the prior art, when using a total station to monitor roadbed deformation in permafrost regions, the total station needs to go through steps of static placement, installation, centering, and leveling before it can perform monitoring work, and the total station is easily damaged due to prolonged exposure to low temperature environments.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a roadbed deformation monitoring device for permafrost areas, comprising a total station and at least two outriggers, and an insulation cylinder. A laser centering device is provided at the centroid of the bottom surface of the insulation cylinder. A mounting base is provided inside the insulation cylinder, and a threaded shaft threadedly connected to the mounting base is provided inside the insulation cylinder. A drive shaft capable of driving the threaded shaft to rotate is rotatably connected to one side of the insulation cylinder. A forced centering bolt is fixedly connected to the mounting base. The forced centering bolt is coaxially arranged with the laser centering device. A shielding component is provided on the top of the insulation cylinder. The total station can be mounted on the mounting base by the forced centering bolt. The outriggers are rotatably connected to the side of the insulation cylinder by a rotating shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the support legs are adjustable in length, and a linkage component is provided between the rotating shafts of adjacent support legs to enable the two rotating shafts to rotate synchronously.

[0010] Preferably, the linkage assembly includes a linkage shaft rotatably connected to the insulation cylinder and a first universal joint disposed between the linkage shaft and the rotating shaft of the support leg.

[0011] Preferably, there are several threaded shafts, a drive shaft is rotatably connected inside the insulation cylinder, a first bevel gear set including two meshing bevel gears is provided between the threaded shaft and the drive shaft, a second bevel gear set including two meshing bevel gears is provided between the drive shaft and the threaded shaft, and a handwheel that can be locked by a locking bolt is provided at the outer end of the drive shaft.

[0012] Preferably, a one-way transmission assembly is provided between the drive shaft and the rotating shaft of the outrigger. The one-way transmission assembly can drive the rotating shaft of the outrigger to rotate when the drive shaft drives the mounting base to descend through the threaded shaft, and the one-way transmission assembly remains stationary when the drive shaft drives the mounting base to rise through the threaded shaft.

[0013] Preferably, the one-way transmission assembly includes a one-way transmission wheel sleeved on the drive shaft, a transmission rod rotatably connected to the insulation cylinder, a third bevel gear set including two meshing bevel gears disposed between the one-way transmission wheel and the transmission rod, and a second universal joint disposed between the transmission rod and the rotating shaft of the support leg.

[0014] Preferably, the inner side of the one-way transmission wheel is provided with a plurality of circumferentially evenly arranged toothed grooves, the drive shaft is provided with a mounting groove, a pawl is rotatably connected in the mounting groove, and a first spring is provided between the pawl and the mounting groove.

[0015] Preferably, a number of circumferentially evenly arranged protrusions are fixedly connected to the drive shaft, and a number of storage slots are opened on the inner side of the one-way transmission wheel. A locking block is connected to the storage slot through a second spring, and the outer side of the locking block is a bevel or an arc surface.

[0016] Preferably, the heat-insulating cylinder is provided with a carrying strap on its side.

[0017] Compared to existing technologies, this invention, through the inclusion of an insulated cylinder, support legs, a laser centering device, a mounting base, a threaded shaft, and forced centering bolts, allows for the centering of the insulated cylinder during roadbed deformation monitoring in permafrost regions. The insulated cylinder is positioned above a reference point, and the laser centering device emits a laser beam, aligning it with the reference point. The insulated cylinder is then heated by an internal heating mechanism. The mounting base is then moved upwards via a drive shaft and threaded shaft. After the total station is removed from its insulated storage box, it is mounted on the mounting base using the forced centering bolts, completing the installation and centering of the total station. Because of the heating effect of the insulated cylinder, hot air rises from the bottom and acts on the total station, eliminating the need for the instrument to remain stationary and wait for its temperature to equalize with the ambient temperature before leveling and starting monitoring. When changing monitoring locations, the total station can be directly stored inside the insulated container. After arriving at the target point, it is first centered using a laser centering device, and then the drive shaft and threaded shaft are used to move the total station upwards, after which monitoring work can continue. There is no need to let the total station remain stationary; centering can be completed while the total station is inside the insulated container, unaffected by the low external temperatures. Precision leveling work can also be performed with the total station outside the insulated container, avoiding the problem of limited space and difficulty in operation. When changing monitoring points, the disassembly and installation steps are omitted, effectively shortening the total station's operating time in low-temperature environments and preventing damage from prolonged exposure to low temperatures. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first working state structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second working state structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the insulation cylinder of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hidden shielding component and the total station structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal cross-sectional structure of the first height inside the heat-insulating cylinder of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal cross-sectional structure of the second height inside the heat-insulating cylinder of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the one-way transmission wheel in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the unidirectional transmission wheel in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Insulation cylinder; 101. Electric heating structure; 2. Support leg; 3. Total station; 4. Laser centering device; 5. Mounting base; 6. Threaded shaft; 601. Drive shaft; 602. First bevel gear set; 7. Forced alignment bolt; 8. Drive shaft; 8a. Mounting slot; 8b. Pawl; 8c. First spring; 8d. Protrusion; 801. Second bevel gear set; 802. Handwheel; 803. Locking bolt; 9. Covering assembly; 10. Linkage component; 1001. Linkage shaft; 1002. First universal joint; 11. One-way transmission assembly; 1101. One-way transmission wheel; 1101a. Tooth groove; 1101b. Storage groove; 1101c. Locking block; 1101d. Second spring; 1102. Transmission rod; 1103. Third bevel gear set; 1104. Second universal joint; 12. Shoulder strap. Detailed Implementation

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the technical solution of this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a roadbed deformation monitoring device in permafrost areas, comprising: a total station 3, an insulation cylinder 1, and at least two support legs 2.

[0022] A laser centering device 4 is provided at the centroid of the bottom surface of the insulation cylinder 1. A mounting base 5 is provided inside the insulation cylinder 1. A threaded shaft 6 is threadedly connected to the mounting base 5 inside the insulation cylinder 1. A drive shaft 8 that can drive the threaded shaft 6 to rotate is rotatably connected to one side of the insulation cylinder 1. A forced centering bolt 7 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 5. The forced centering bolt 7 is coaxially arranged with the laser centering device 4. A shielding component 9 is provided on the top of the insulation cylinder 1. The total station 3 can be mounted on the mounting base 5 by the forced centering bolt 7. The support leg 2 is rotatably connected to the side of the insulation cylinder 1 by a rotating shaft.

[0023] Specifically, the total station 3, also known as a total station electronic tachometer, mainly consists of electronic angle measuring, electronic distance measuring, electronic compensation, a microcomputer processing unit, a data processing section, a power supply section, a communication interface, a display screen, and a keyboard. It can perform tasks such as angle measurement, distance measurement, and three-dimensional coordinate measurement, and is a commonly used instrument for topographic and geomorphological surveying and mapping in engineering. When monitoring the deformation of roadbeds in permafrost areas, a total station can be used to measure the settlement and offset of the roadbed surface.

[0024] The insulation cylinder 1 provides a thermal environment for the total station 3. The insulation cylinder 1 achieves its thermal insulation function by incorporating an electric heating structure 101 within it. The electric heating structure 101 can be a heating element, attached to the bottom and sides of the inner liner, directly heating the interior of the cylinder. The insulation cylinder 1 can be powered by a lithium battery. To improve the thermal insulation effect of the insulation cylinder 1, it can adopt a double-shell structure with an insulating core material. The outer shell can be made of ABS engineering plastic or aluminum alloy, providing impact resistance and protection against impacts from gravel and snow in frozen soil areas; the inner shell can be made of lightweight PP plastic to prevent hard contact from scratching the instrument; the insulating core material can be polyurethane foam or aerogel, effectively blocking heat transfer between the inside and outside. Additionally, a storage box can be installed on the insulation cylinder 1 for staff to store spare batteries, lens paper, or chamois cloth, etc.

[0025] The laser centering device 4 is used to center the insulation cylinder 1, thereby indirectly centering the total station 3. The laser centering device 4 projects the center of the insulation cylinder 1 onto a ground reference point by emitting a high-precision laser beam, achieving rapid centering. The laser centering device 4 can be an embedded independent laser centering module or an external base laser centering device; specific models include FOIFDZJ-1, Kolida LZ-200, and SKF TKSA 31 external laser base kits. The mounting base 5, together with the forced centering bolt 7, forms a structure similar to a forced centering base, providing a forced centering mounting platform for the total station 3. The forced centering bolt 7 is coaxial with the laser centering device 4, ensuring that the total station 3 and the laser centering device 4 are coaxial. When the laser beam emitted by the laser centering device 4 is aligned with the reference point, the total station 3, mounted on the mounting base 5 via the forced centering bolt 7, achieves centering.

[0026] The shielding component 9 can be made of a flexible material similar to a drawstring bag and fixedly connected to the insulation cylinder 1, or it can be a detachable cylinder cover. It should be noted that the shielding component 9 should have a certain insulation effect. When using a flexible material such as fabric, the inner side can be fitted with a quilted, heat-pressed closed-cell foamed plastic layer to provide insulation performance. When long-term monitoring is required or the monitoring environment is windy, a transparent cylinder cover can be used. The cylinder cover retains most of the heat inside the insulation cylinder 1, providing an insulated testing environment for the total station 3. However, the side of the cylinder cover should have an opening to allow personnel to operate the total station 3. In addition, to reduce heat loss at the opening when not in use, a soft curtain can be installed at the opening of the cylinder cover. The curtain can be opened when operating the total station 3, and the curtain can be used to block the opening when not in use, thus preventing heat loss. At the same time, attention should be paid to the problem of fogging on the cylinder cover. This can be avoided by applying an anti-fog coating to the cylinder cover, applying a nano-coating to its surface, or a frosted finish. To cope with the above-mentioned working environment, an electric heating structure 101 with multiple adjustable levels can also be selected. When the total station 3 is above the insulation cylinder 1, the heating level can be increased to provide more heat to the total station 3 and balance the heat loss.

[0027] The support legs 2 are used to support the insulation cylinder 1. Three legs are typically used, similar to a tripod. If needed, two legs can also be used, but to ensure the stability of the insulation cylinder 1, a support on the plane intersecting the two legs' positions is required at the bottom of the legs to assist in the support. Support legs 2 are preferably telescopic, which is commonly used in existing technologies. The telescopic method can refer to the telescopic legs of existing tripods, or other telescopic methods can be used. Support legs 2 are preferably made of carbon fiber and aerospace-grade aluminum alloy composite material: 30% lighter than traditional aluminum alloy tripods, facilitating field transport in permafrost regions; no risk of cracking at low temperatures, and can withstand extreme low temperatures of -40℃. In addition, a magnetic accessory compartment can be added to the side of support legs 2 to store small accessories such as spare batteries, lens paper, and anti-fog wipes, avoiding time-consuming searches for accessories in permafrost regions.

[0028] In practical use, when monitoring at the first reference point, the insulation cylinder 1 is first erected above the reference point using the support leg 2. The laser centering device 4 is then activated to emit a laser beam. By adjusting the angle or length of the support leg 2, the laser beam is aligned with the reference point, achieving centering of the insulation cylinder 1. The electric heating structure 101 inside the insulation cylinder 1 is then activated to heat the insulation cylinder 1. The drive shaft 8 is rotated, causing the threaded shaft 6 to rotate, which in turn moves the mounting base 5 upwards. After the total station 3 is removed from its storage box, it is installed onto the mounting base 5 using the forced centering bolts 7, thus completing the installation and centering of the total station 3. Due to the heating of the insulation cylinder 1, hot air moves upwards and acts on the total station 3, eliminating the need to allow the total station 3 to stand still and wait for the instrument temperature to equalize with the ambient temperature before leveling and starting monitoring.

[0029] When a change of monitoring position is required, the drive shaft 8 is rotated in the reverse direction, causing the threaded shaft 6 to rotate. This allows the mounting base 5 to move the total station 3 into the insulation cylinder 1, which provides an insulated storage environment for the total station 3. The top of the insulation cylinder 1 is sealed using the shielding component 9 to reduce heat loss. The device can then be moved to the next monitoring position for monitoring work. After reaching the target point and setting up the device, the laser centering device 4 is used for centering. The drive shaft 8 can then be rotated to move the total station 3 out for subsequent monitoring work.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 2 and Figures 5 to 6 As shown, in order to achieve simultaneous angle adjustment of multiple outriggers for rapid device erection, preferably, the outriggers 2 are adjustable in length, and a linkage assembly 10 is provided between the rotating shafts of adjacent outriggers 2 to enable synchronous rotation of the two rotating shafts. The linkage assembly 10 includes a linkage shaft 1001 rotatably connected to the insulation cylinder 1 and a first universal joint 1002 disposed between the linkage shaft 1001 and the rotating shaft of the outrigger 2.

[0031] Specifically, a linkage assembly 10 is installed between the rotating shafts of the multiple outriggers 2, allowing the outriggers 2 to rotate synchronously. During installation, pulling one outrigger 2 will cause all outriggers to rotate synchronously via the linkage assembly 10, enabling rapid installation. The outriggers 2 are adjustable in length, allowing the device to adapt to uneven ground. By adjusting the length of the outriggers 2, the insulation cylinder 1 can be kept horizontal. The linkage assembly 10 uses a linkage shaft 1001 in conjunction with a first universal joint 1002. A universal joint is a mechanical transmission component that enables power transmission between two shafts with different included angles. It is hinged to the universal joint forks at both ends via a cross shaft, allowing torque and rotational motion to be transmitted even when the included angle between the driving and driven shafts varies within a certain range, ensuring stable transmission between the linkage shaft 1001 and the rotating shafts of the outriggers 2. The first universal joint 1002 is preferably a ball-cage type universal joint, capable of transmission within a large angle range, adapting to the needs of the device. Alternatively, the first universal joint 1002 can be replaced with a bevel gear set, but the conical surface of the bevel gear set should be adapted to the angle between the linkage shaft 1001 and the pivot of the support leg 2.

[0032] like Figures 6 to 7 as well as Figure 3As shown, in order to achieve stable vertical displacement of the mounting base and fixation when needed, preferably, there are several threaded shafts 6, a drive shaft 601 is rotatably connected inside the insulation cylinder 1, a first bevel gear set 602 including two meshing bevel gears is provided between the threaded shaft 6 and the drive shaft 601, a second bevel gear set 801 including two meshing bevel gears is provided between the drive shaft 8 and the threaded shaft 6, and a handwheel 802 that can be locked by a locking bolt 803 is provided at the outer end of the drive shaft 8.

[0033] Specifically, multiple threaded shafts 6 synchronously drive the mounting base 5 from different positions, making the force on the mounting base 5 more balanced and preventing the mounting base 5 from tilting due to eccentric force after the total station 3 is installed on it, which would affect the centering of the total station 3. A drive shaft 601 is set between the multiple threaded shafts 6 and a first bevel gear set 602 is set in cooperation, so that the multiple threaded shafts 6 can rotate synchronously, thereby driving the mounting base 5 to make vertical displacement from multiple points. A handwheel 802 and a locking bolt 803 are set at the outer end of the drive shaft 8, which makes it convenient for the operator to rotate the drive shaft 8 and lock the handwheel 802 when necessary to prevent the mounting base 5 from shifting.

[0034] like Figures 6 to 7 As shown, in order to achieve the linkage between the retraction of the outriggers and the storage of the total station, and to simplify the operation of the device, preferably, a one-way transmission component 11 is provided between the drive shaft 8 and the rotating shaft of the outrigger 2. The one-way transmission component 11 can drive the rotating shaft of the outrigger 2 to rotate when the drive shaft 8 drives the mounting base 5 to descend through the threaded shaft 6, and the one-way transmission component 11 remains stationary when the drive shaft 8 drives the mounting base 5 to rise through the threaded shaft 6.

[0035] Specifically, when it is necessary to change the monitoring point, the drive shaft 8 is rotated. The drive shaft 8 drives the mounting base 5 to move downwards via the threaded shaft 6. At this time, the drive shaft 8 synchronously drives the support leg 2 to rotate inwards via the one-way transmission component 11. The retraction of the total station 3 and the retraction of the support leg 2 are synchronized, allowing the device to be quickly retracted. The one-way transmission component 11 is designed so that the retraction of the support leg 2 is only linked to the downward movement of the mounting base 5. When the mounting base 5 moves upwards, the one-way transmission component 11 does not transmit power between the drive shaft 8 and the rotating shaft of the support leg 2. When setting up the device, the extension of the support leg 2 will not cause the mounting base 5 to move upwards, allowing the total station 3 to remain inside the insulation cylinder 1, reducing the impact of low external temperatures on the total station 3. After the support leg 2 is set up and the centering work is completed, the drive shaft 8 is used to drive the mounting base 5 upwards, allowing the total station 3 to be moved out for monitoring work. The total station 3 is removed from the insulation cylinder 1 only after the device is set up and aligned, which greatly reduces the time that the total station 3 is exposed to the low temperature environment and can effectively reduce the impact of the external low temperature on the total station 3.

[0036] like Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, in order to achieve stable unidirectional transmission between the drive shaft and the support leg's rotating shaft and simplify the operation of the device, preferably, the unidirectional transmission assembly 11 includes a unidirectional transmission wheel 1101 sleeved on the drive shaft 8, a transmission rod 1102 rotatably connected to the insulation cylinder 1, a third bevel gear set 1103 consisting of two meshing bevel gears disposed between the unidirectional transmission wheel 1101 and the transmission rod 1102, and a second universal joint 1104 disposed between the transmission rod 1102 and the support leg 2's rotating shaft. The unidirectional transmission wheel 1101 has several circumferentially evenly arranged toothed grooves 1101a on its inner side. The drive shaft 8 has a mounting groove 8a, a pawl 8b rotatably connected within the mounting groove 8a, and a first spring 8c disposed between the pawl 8b and the mounting groove 8a.

[0037] Specifically, the one-way drive wheel 1101 rotates with the drive shaft 8 when the drive shaft 8 drives the mounting base 5 to descend via the threaded shaft 6, and remains stationary when the drive shaft 8 drives the mounting base 5 to rise via the threaded shaft 6. When the drive shaft 8 rotates forward (driving the mounting base 5 upward with the cooperation of the threaded shaft 6), the pawl 8b is pressed into the mounting groove 8a by the inner wall of the one-way drive wheel 1101 and compresses the first spring 8c, and the one-way drive wheel 1101 does not rotate with the drive shaft 8. When the drive shaft 8 rotates in the reverse direction (driving the mounting base 5 downward with the cooperation of the threaded shaft 6), supported by the first spring 8c, the pawl 8b is engaged in the tooth groove 1101a, causing the one-way drive wheel 1101 to rotate with the drive shaft 8, thus realizing one-way transmission between the drive shaft 8 and the pivot of the support leg 2.

[0038] like Figure 6 and Figure 9 As shown, in order to achieve stable unidirectional transmission between the drive shaft and the support leg's rotating shaft and simplify the operation of the device, preferably, the unidirectional transmission assembly 11 includes a unidirectional transmission wheel 1101 sleeved on the drive shaft 8, a transmission rod 1102 rotatably connected to the insulation cylinder 1, a third bevel gear set 1103 disposed between the unidirectional transmission wheel 1101 and the transmission rod 1102, and a second universal joint 1104 disposed between the transmission rod 1102 and the support leg 2's rotating shaft. Several circumferentially evenly arranged protrusions 8d are fixedly connected to the drive shaft 8. Several receiving grooves 1101b are opened on the inner side of the unidirectional transmission wheel 1101. A locking block 1101c is connected to the receiving groove 1101b through a second spring 1101d. The outer surface of the locking block 1101c is an inclined surface or an arc surface.

[0039] Specifically, when the drive shaft 8 rotates in the forward direction (driving the mounting base 5 upward with the cooperation of the threaded shaft 6), the protrusion 8d rotates with the drive shaft 8 and, when it moves to the locking block 1101c, contacts the inclined or arc-shaped surface of the locking block 1101c, squeezing the locking block 1101c into the receiving groove 1101b. At this time, the one-way transmission wheel 1101 does not rotate with the drive shaft 8. When the drive shaft 8 rotates in the reverse direction (driving the mounting base 5 downward with the cooperation of the threaded shaft 6), the protrusion 8d contacts the locking block 1101c from the other side, and the locking block 1101c locks the protrusion 8d, causing the one-way transmission wheel 1101 to rotate with the drive shaft 8, thus realizing one-way transmission between the drive shaft 8 and the rotating shaft of the support leg 2.

[0040] To prevent the locking block 1101c and the second spring 1101d from displacing in other directions, a guide rod can be provided in the storage groove 1101b. The locking block 1101c and the second spring 1101d are sleeved on the outside of the guide rod, and the guide rod is used to constrain the two to prevent them from displacing in other directions.

[0041] Based on the specific structures of the two unidirectional transmission components 11 described above, it is easy to see that in order to achieve unidirectional transmission between the drive shaft 8 and the rotating shaft of the support leg 2, a combination structure similar to "ratchet-pawl" can be used. When the drive shaft 8 rotates forward, the "pawl" releases the "ratchet", and the unidirectional transmission component 11 remains stationary; when the drive shaft 8 rotates in reverse, the "pawl" engages the "ratchet", and the unidirectional transmission component 11 rotates with the drive shaft 8.

[0042] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, in order to make the device easy to carry and facilitate staff to change monitoring points, preferably, the heat preservation cylinder 1 is provided with a shoulder strap 12 on its side.

[0043] Specifically, the carrying strap 12 allows staff to carry the device on their backs after it is stowed, facilitating movement between monitoring points. The carrying strap 12 is preferably adjustable in length, using a structure such as a "D-ring" to adjust its length. The carrying strap 12 is preferably vertically positioned on the side of the insulation cylinder 1, ensuring the total station 3 remains upright when carried, preventing damage to the mechanical structure, optical system malfunctions, and electronic components caused by side-lying or inverted placement.

[0044] Compared to existing technologies, this invention, through the arrangement of an insulated cylinder 1, support legs 2, a laser centering device 4, a mounting base 5, a threaded shaft 6, and a forced centering bolt 7, allows for the centering of the insulated cylinder 1 during roadbed deformation monitoring in frozen soil areas. The insulated cylinder 1 is positioned above a reference point, and the laser centering device 4 emits a laser beam, aligning it with the reference point. The electric heating structure 101 inside the insulated cylinder 1 heats it. The mounting base 5 is then moved upwards via the drive shaft 8 and the threaded shaft 6. After the total station 3 is removed from its insulated storage box, it is installed onto the mounting base 5 using the forced centering bolt 7, thus completing the installation and centering of the total station 3. Due to the heating of the insulated cylinder 1, hot air moves upwards and acts on the total station 3, eliminating the need for the total station 3 to remain stationary and wait for its temperature to equalize with the ambient temperature before leveling and starting monitoring. When changing monitoring locations, the total station 3 can be directly stored inside the insulated container 1. After being carried to the target location, it is first centered using the laser centering device 4, and then the drive shaft 8 and threaded shaft 6 are used to move the total station 3 upwards, after which monitoring work can continue. There is no need to let the total station remain stationary; the total station 3 can complete the centering work while inside the insulated container 1, unaffected by the low external temperature. Precision leveling work is performed outside the insulated container, avoiding the problem of limited space and difficulty in operation. When changing monitoring locations, the disassembly and installation steps are omitted, effectively shortening the total station's operating time in low-temperature environments and preventing damage due to prolonged exposure to low temperatures.

[0045] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring deformation of a road embankment in permafrost regions, comprising a total station and at least two legs, characterized in that, The heat preservation cylinder is provided with a laser centering device at the centroid of the bottom surface, an installation seat is arranged in the heat preservation cylinder, a threaded shaft is arranged in the heat preservation cylinder and is in threaded connection with the installation seat, a driving shaft is rotatably connected to one side of the heat preservation cylinder and can drive the threaded shaft to rotate, a forced centering bolt is fixedly connected to the installation seat and is coaxially arranged with the laser centering device, a shielding assembly is arranged at the top of the heat preservation cylinder, and the total station can be installed on the installation seat through the forced centering bolt.

2. The device for monitoring deformation of a road embankment in a permafrost zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The legs are length-adjustable, and a linkage assembly that can make two rotating shafts rotate synchronously is arranged between the rotating shafts of adjacent legs.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The linkage assembly comprises a linkage shaft rotatably connected to the heat preservation cylinder and a first universal joint arranged between the linkage shaft and the rotating shaft of the leg.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threaded shaft has a plurality of threaded shafts, a transmission shaft is rotatably connected in the heat preservation cylinder, a first bevel gear set comprising two intermeshing bevel gears is arranged between the threaded shaft and the transmission shaft, a second bevel gear set comprising two intermeshing bevel gears is arranged between the driving shaft and the threaded shaft, and the outer end of the driving shaft is provided with a hand wheel that can be locked by a lock bolt.

5. The device for monitoring deformation of embankment of road in permafrost zone according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: A one-way transmission assembly is arranged between the driving shaft and the rotating shaft of the leg, and the one-way transmission assembly can drive the rotating shaft of the leg to rotate when the driving shaft drives the installation seat to descend through the threaded shaft, and the one-way transmission assembly remains in a stationary state when the driving shaft drives the installation seat to ascend through the threaded shaft.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The one-way transmission assembly comprises a one-way transmission wheel sleeved on the driving shaft, a transmission rod rotatably connected to the heat preservation cylinder, a third bevel gear set comprising two intermeshing bevel gears arranged between the one-way transmission wheel and the transmission rod, and a second universal joint arranged between the transmission rod and the rotating shaft of the leg.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of tooth grooves are arranged on the inner side of the one-way transmission wheel, a mounting groove is formed in the driving shaft, a pawl is rotatably connected in the mounting groove, and a first spring is arranged between the pawl and the mounting groove.

8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of convex blocks are fixedly connected to the driving shaft, a plurality of receiving grooves are formed in the inner side of the one-way transmission wheel, a clamping block is connected in the receiving groove through a second spring, and the outer side surface of the clamping block is in the form of an inclined surface or an arc surface.

9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A shoulder strap is arranged on the side surface of the heat preservation cylinder.

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