Gas leakage fault detection method for compact environment-friendly switch

Abstract

The invention relates to a power switch equipment fault detection technology, in particular to a gas leakage fault detection method for a compact type environment-friendly switch, and aims to provide a gas leakage fault detection method for a compact type environment-friendly switch, which has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, accurate leakage positioning capability and low cost. The problems of insufficient trace leakage detection sensitivity, missing leakage point positioning precision and poor system compatibility in the prior art are effectively solved. By acquiring the gas detection signal, comparing the baseline signal, judging the leakage and determining the position, the problems of low detection sensitivity, poor positioning precision and high cost in the prior art are effectively solved, and the method has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, accurate leakage positioning capability and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to fault detection technology for power switchgear, and more specifically, to a method for detecting gas leakage faults in a compact, environmentally friendly switch. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of ring main units, the solid-sealed double-break compact environmentally friendly switch uses dry air or perfluoroisocyanate gas instead of traditional SF6 gas to reduce the greenhouse effect. However, its highly compact structural design and the independent sealing characteristics of the double-break gas chambers lead to multiple technical bottlenecks in gas leak detection.

[0003] Existing detection methods have significant shortcomings in practical applications: pressure monitoring methods rely on changes in the overall pressure of the gas chamber, can only identify macroscopic leaks, and have no response capability to micro-leaks with an annual leakage rate of less than 0.05%, and cannot distinguish the specific leak locations of two independent gas chambers with double breaks; infrared spectroscopy technology is limited by the physical size of the equipment, making it difficult to deploy detection elements inside compact switches, resulting in severely insufficient sensitivity in capturing leak signals from concealed areas such as sealing surfaces and welds, while the equipment cost is high, making it difficult to meet the economic needs of small and medium-sized enterprises; ultrasonic leak detection schemes suffer significant attenuation of the ultrasonic signals generated by leaks under the obstruction of solid enclosures, and are easily affected by cross-interference from the vibrations of other equipment operating within the ring main unit, resulting in a high false alarm rate; although methods based on a single sensor enrichment device attempt to increase gas concentration, the simple series connection of the enrichment structure and sensor leads to low efficiency, cannot break through the inherent detection limit of the sensor, and lacks a dynamic response mechanism for instantaneous leaks caused by switch operation vibrations.

[0004] The aforementioned problems collectively result in insufficient detection sensitivity, lack of leak location accuracy, excessively high system costs, and poor compatibility with compact double-break structures, making existing technologies unable to meet the urgent needs of environmental protection switches for real-time monitoring of minute leaks, precise leak location, and low-cost mass application.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies urgently need improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved The purpose of this application is to provide a gas leak fault detection method for a compact environmentally friendly switch, which has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, accurate leak location capability and low cost, and effectively solves the problems of insufficient sensitivity in detecting micro-leakage, lack of leak point location accuracy and poor system compatibility in the prior art.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution This application provides a gas leakage fault detection method for a compact, environmentally friendly switch, the technical solution of which is as follows: Acquire gas detection signals from inside the environmental protection switch chamber; The gas detection signal is compared with a preset baseline signal to obtain the signal difference; The system determines whether a gas leak has occurred based on signal differences, and identifies the location of the leak when a leak is detected.

[0008] Furthermore, this application also proposes that obtaining the gas detection signal inside the environmental protection switch chamber includes: The leaked gas is enriched by microchannels located near the sealing surface of the gas chamber; The enriched gas is guided to the gas sensor; The response signal output by the gas sensor is collected as the gas detection signal.

[0009] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the gas sensor is a surface acoustic wave impedance sensor; The response signal is the impedance change signal generated by the coupling of the gas with the acoustic impedance of the sensor surface.

[0010] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the microchannel includes multiple independent channels corresponding to different sealing parts of the air chamber; Determining the location of a leak involves identifying the specific sealing point where the leak occurred based on the differences in gas detection signals corresponding to each independent flow channel.

[0011] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the method further includes: Based on the duration of the change in the gas detection signal, the type of leak can be determined as either a continuous leak or a transient leak. If the duration of the change exceeds a preset time threshold, it is determined to be a continuous leak; otherwise, it is determined to be a momentary leak.

[0012] Furthermore, this application also proposes an intermittent negative pressure extraction method for enriching leaked gas, including: During non-operational periods of the switch, negative pressure extraction is intermittently initiated according to a preset working cycle; When a switch operation signal is detected, the system switches to continuous negative pressure extraction mode.

[0013] Furthermore, this application also proposes that detecting a switch operation signal includes: The vibration signal of the switch is obtained through a vibration sensor; When the vibration signal exceeds the set threshold, it triggers a switch to continuous negative pressure extraction mode.

[0014] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the method further includes: After a leak is detected, an alarm message is generated that includes the location and type of the leak. Send alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal or / and issue a warning locally.

[0015] Furthermore, this application also proposes that the method further includes a baseline calibration step before acquiring the gas detection signal: Under sealed conditions in the gas chamber, the sensor signal under standard ambient gas is acquired as a preset baseline signal and stored.

[0016] Furthermore, this application also proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0017] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention effectively solves the problems of low detection sensitivity, poor positioning accuracy and high cost in the prior art by acquiring gas detection signals, comparing baseline signals, judging leaks and determining their locations. It has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, accurate leak location capability and low cost. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the logic structure of a gas leak fault detection method. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this application, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Example

[0022] In the gas leak detection process of solid-sealed double-break compact environmentally friendly switchgear, problems such as insufficient detection sensitivity and poor leak point location accuracy were identified. Specifically, the compact structure of the gas chamber and the independent sealing of the two breaks make existing technologies unsuitable for detecting minute leaks. Furthermore, pressure methods can only respond to macroscopic leaks and cannot identify minute leaks or distinguish the leak location within the double-break gas chamber; infrared spectroscopy and ultrasonic leak detection methods, due to structural limitations, have reduced sensitivity in detecting leaks in concealed areas such as sealing surfaces and welds, and are easily affected by vibrations from other equipment within the ring main unit, thus reducing the reliability of the detection results and affecting the safe operation performance of the switchgear.

[0023] For example, on the outgoing inspection line of a ring main unit manufacturer, the application of ultrasonic leak detection is limited when performing gas leak detection on solid-sealed, double-break compact environmental protection switches. Specifically, due to the solidified structure of the switch housing, the ultrasonic signal attenuates significantly inside the housing, and minute leak signals at the weld seams are blocked by the housing, resulting in leaks not being effectively detected. Simultaneously, the independent sealing design of the double-break gas chambers makes it impossible for pressure monitoring to distinguish specific leaking chambers, increasing the risk of missed detections and impacting product quality control. In this scenario, the detection process cannot cover critical sealing areas, leading to the omission of potential leak points and increasing the likelihood of products leaving the factory with hidden defects.

[0024] If the above problems are not solved, the failure to detect gas leaks in a timely manner will lead to a continuous decrease in the concentration of environmentally friendly gas in the gas chamber, a gradual deterioration of insulation performance, and may cause partial discharge or breakdown faults. Inaccurate location of the leak point will prolong the troubleshooting time and increase the complexity of maintenance. In addition, the detection technology cannot be adapted to the compact double-break structure, which will restrict the large-scale application of environmentally friendly switches and affect the environmental upgrade process of power grid equipment.

[0025] In this regard, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application proposes a gas leakage fault detection method for a compact environmentally friendly switch, including the following steps: S100: Obtain the gas detection signal inside the environmental protection switch chamber; S200: Compare the gas detection signal with the preset baseline signal to obtain the signal difference; S300 determines whether a gas leak has occurred based on signal differences, and identifies the leak location when a leak is detected.

[0026] For ease of understanding, the following explains some key terms in this embodiment: Compact environmentally friendly switches: These are electrical switching devices filled with environmentally friendly gases, such as dry air or perfluoroisocyanates, to replace traditional sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gases. These switches typically feature a compact structure and independently sealed dual-break gas chambers, which presents technical challenges for gas leak detection.

[0027] Gas chamber: A sealed space inside a compact, environmentally friendly switch used to contain insulating gas. In double-break switches, multiple independent gas chambers are typically included.

[0028] Gas detection signal: A physical or electrical signal acquired by a detection system that reflects the state of the gas inside a gas chamber. Changes in this signal can indicate abnormalities in gas composition, concentration, or pressure.

[0029] Baseline signal: A reference signal pre-established and stored when the gas chamber is in a normal, leak-free state. This signal is used to compare with real-time gas detection signals to identify any anomalies that deviate from the normal state.

[0030] Signal difference: The quantitative or qualitative deviation between the real-time gas detection signal and the preset baseline signal. This difference is a key basis for determining whether there have been abnormal changes in the gas state inside the gas chamber.

[0031] Leak location: The specific point or area where gas escapes from inside the gas chamber. Accurately identifying the leak location is crucial for guiding subsequent maintenance and repair work.

[0032] The main features of the above technical solution are described in detail below: This application proposes a gas leak fault detection method for a compact environmental protection switch. The method first involves acquiring a gas detection signal inside the gas chamber of the environmental protection switch. The purpose of acquiring the gas detection signal is to directly monitor the internal environment of the gas chamber, thereby capturing any minute changes that may indicate a gas leak. For example, this can be achieved in the following ways: One method is to set a miniature sampling port on the gas chamber wall, periodically extracting a small amount of gas from inside the gas chamber through this port, and guiding the extracted gas to an external gas sensor for analysis. The response signal output by the sensor is the gas detection signal. Another method is to directly install a miniature gas sensor inside the gas chamber. This sensor continuously monitors the gas composition or concentration inside the gas chamber and transmits the detection data to an external processing unit via wired or wireless means. Yet another method is to integrate a gas permeation membrane on the gas chamber wall. Gas inside the gas chamber permeates through this membrane into a small external cavity, where a sensor detects the permeated gas, thereby indirectly acquiring the gas information inside the gas chamber.

[0033] Furthermore, the method includes comparing the gas detection signal with a preset baseline signal to obtain the signal difference. This step aims to amplify and identify minor anomalies in the gas state by comparing it with a reference signal of known normal conditions. For example, this can be achieved in the following ways: One way is to pre-store a fixed value as the baseline signal, and calculate the arithmetic difference between the real-time acquired gas detection signal and this fixed baseline signal. If the difference exceeds a preset threshold, a signal difference is considered to exist. Another way is that the baseline signal can be a statistical range or distribution, such as the average and standard deviation obtained by analyzing a large amount of normal operation data. If the real-time gas detection signal exceeds this statistical range or deviates significantly from this distribution, it is identified as a signal difference. Yet another way is to establish a baseline trend model that changes over time, and compare the trend of the real-time gas detection signal with this baseline trend model. If a continuous deviation occurs, it is determined to be a signal difference.

[0034] Building upon this, the method includes determining whether a gas leak has occurred based on signal differences, and identifying the leak location when a leak is detected. This step translates signal differences into specific fault diagnosis and provides crucial location information. For example, this can be achieved in the following ways: One approach is to trigger a leak alarm when the signal difference reaches or exceeds a preset leak detection threshold, instructing operators to manually inspect the entire gas chamber using traditional leak detection tools (such as soapy water or handheld gas detectors) to precisely locate the leak point. Another approach is to divide the gas chamber into several logical zones and place one or more sensors within each zone or at zone boundaries. When a signal difference is detected, the system analyzes which zone's sensor responds most strongly or earliest, thus initially limiting the leak location to a smaller area. Yet another approach is to infer the approximate direction or area of ​​the leak source by analyzing the signal strength gradient or response time difference between a few strategically placed sensors. For example, the sensor closest to the leak point typically shows the fastest and strongest signal change.

[0035] The following example will provide a more detailed explanation of the above technical solution: Imagine a compact, environmentally friendly switch operating within an industrial park. The switch is filled with an environmentally friendly insulating gas, and its compact chamber design contains multiple sealed connection points. Over time, due to material aging or minor stress, one of these sealing connection points begins to leak a very small amount of gas. This leakage is so small that traditional pressure monitoring methods would not detect a noticeable pressure drop in the short term.

[0036] To address this issue, the method proposed in this application is applied to the environmentally friendly switch. First, the system continuously acquires gas detection signals from inside the switch's gas chamber. Specifically, multiple miniature gas sensors are arranged at key locations inside the gas chamber, such as near the main sealing flange and valve interfaces. These sensors are designed to be sensitive to the environmentally friendly gas inside the chamber and any trace impurities that may be present (such as oxygen or nitrogen from the air). The sensors periodically collect gas concentration data from inside the gas chamber and transmit this data as gas detection signals to the central processing unit.

[0037] Next, the central processing unit compares the acquired gas detection signal with a preset baseline signal to obtain the signal difference. Before the switch is put into operation, or after a major overhaul, the gas chamber is confirmed to be in a healthy state with a completely sealed environment and normal gas composition. At this time, the system records the readings of each sensor and stores them as the baseline signal for the switch. During daily operation, when a trace leak occurs, the concentration of the environmentally friendly gas inside the gas chamber will change very slightly, or trace components from the outside air may seep in. These changes cause a small but detectable difference between the real-time gas detection signal and the stored baseline signal. The central processing unit continuously calculates and monitors these signal differences using algorithms.

[0038] Finally, the system determines whether a gas leak has occurred based on signal differences and identifies the leak location if a leak is detected. When the signal difference of one or more sensors consistently exceeds a preset leak detection threshold, the central processing unit determines that a gas leak has occurred in the gas chamber. To determine the leak location, the system analyzes the signal difference patterns between different sensors. For example, if a sensor near a specific sealing flange shows the most significant and persistent signal difference, while other sensors show smaller or lagging differences, the system can identify that specific sealing flange as the most likely leak location. Once the leak location is determined, the system generates an alarm containing the leak location information and sends it to the maintenance personnel's remote monitoring terminal, while simultaneously displaying a warning on the local control panel. Maintenance personnel can then directly go to the indicated leak location for inspection and repair based on the alarm information, avoiding a time-consuming and inaccurate comprehensive inspection of the entire switch.

[0039] Based on the above examples, the overall technical concept of this application demonstrates significant technical contributions. Traditional pressure methods can only detect macroscopic leaks and cannot provide specific leak location information. This application, however, by acquiring the gas detection signal inside the gas chamber and comparing it with a baseline signal, can capture subtle signal changes caused by minute gas leaks, thus achieving early warning of such leaks. Compared to infrared spectroscopy, which is limited by its compact structure and insufficient sensitivity in detecting concealed areas, this application, by arranging sensors inside the gas chamber, directly monitors the internal gas environment, effectively overcoming structural limitations and improving the detection capability for critical areas such as sealing surfaces and welds. Furthermore, existing ultrasonic leak detection methods are susceptible to external vibration interference and suffer from severe signal attenuation; this application's internal gas detection method avoids these external interferences, improving detection accuracy. Moreover, this application can determine the leak location when a leak is detected, contrasting with the limitations of existing single-sensor enrichment methods that cannot achieve precise leak location. By analyzing the differences in signals from different sensors, this application can pinpoint the leak to a specific sealing location, significantly improving the efficiency of fault diagnosis and the accuracy of maintenance. Therefore, the overall technical solution of this application demonstrates significant progress in addressing the problems of low sensitivity and poor positioning accuracy in gas leak detection of compact environmental protection switches.

[0040] In some of the solutions mentioned above in this application, the gas detection signal inside the environmental protection switch gas chamber is proposed to detect gas leakage. However, in this process, since the amount of gas leakage is small and often occurs in hidden parts such as sealing surfaces, the existing methods have low enrichment efficiency and cannot effectively capture trace amounts of leaked gas, resulting in insufficient signal sensitivity and difficulty in breaking through the detection lower limit, making them unsuitable for dynamic leakage scenarios.

[0041] In response, this application further proposes a method for obtaining gas detection signals inside the gas chamber of an environmental protection switch, which includes: enriching leaked gas through a microchannel located near the sealing surface of the gas chamber; guiding the enriched gas to a gas sensor; and collecting the response signal output by the gas sensor as the gas detection signal.

[0042] Microchannels, located near the gas chamber sealing surface, are channel structures with dimensions on the micrometer scale. Their primary function is to serve as pathways for gas capture and transport, especially for trace amounts of leaked gas inside the gas chamber. These microchannels can be formed on a substrate using precision machining techniques such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), laser etching, or 3D printing, and integrated with the gas chamber sealing surface area. Alternatively, the microchannels can be directly integrated into the gas chamber's structural components, such as gaskets, flanges, or the interior of the housing, through injection molding or compression molding processes, ensuring a tight fit with the sealing surface. Furthermore, microchannels can also be made of flexible materials and attached near the gas chamber sealing surface via adhesive or compression bonding to adapt to irregular surfaces.

[0043] Enrichment of leaked gas refers to increasing the concentration of a target gas in a specific area or medium through physical or chemical methods. The aim is to concentrate the dilute leaked gas in the environment to a concentration that reaches or exceeds the detection limit of a gas sensor, thereby improving detection sensitivity. Enrichment methods can include passive diffusion enrichment, which utilizes a gas concentration gradient to allow the leaked gas to diffuse naturally into the enrichment device; adsorption enrichment, which involves filling the microchannels or their ends with materials possessing specific adsorption properties to selectively adsorb the target leaked gas; and active extraction enrichment, which uses a micro-pump or negative pressure device to actively draw air near the sealing surface of the gas chamber into the microchannel, thereby bringing in and concentrating the leaked gas.

[0044] A gas sensor is a device that detects specific gas components and converts their concentration information into a measurable electrical signal. Its function is to convert the enriched concentration information of leaked gas into an electrical signal, which serves as the basis for subsequent gas leak detection. This gas sensor can be a semiconductor gas sensor, operating by detecting changes in resistance caused by gas adsorption. It can also be an electrochemical gas sensor, detecting changes in current generated by the reaction of gas with electrodes. Furthermore, it can be an optical gas sensor, operating by detecting the absorption or scattering of light of a specific wavelength by the gas. Alternatively, it can be an acoustic gas sensor, operating by detecting the effect of the gas on the propagation characteristics of sound waves (such as sound velocity and attenuation).

[0045] The response signal is the electrical signal output by a gas sensor when it detects a target gas; its intensity or characteristics are related to the gas concentration. This signal serves as the raw data for gas detection and is subsequently compared with a preset baseline signal to determine if a gas leak exists. For semiconductor sensors, the response signal can be a resistance value or a voltage change. For electrochemical sensors, the response signal can be a current or a charge quantity. For optical sensors, the response signal can be a light intensity or a spectral change. For acoustic sensors, the response signal can be a frequency, phase, or impedance change.

[0046] This application's solution significantly improves the sensitivity and accuracy of leak detection by optimizing the gas detection signal acquisition process. Specifically, microchannels are strategically placed near the gas chamber sealing surface, areas prone to gas leaks. These microchannels directly capture and enrich the gas from the leak source, effectively increasing the gas concentration and solving the problem of detecting minute leaks. Subsequently, the enriched gas is efficiently guided to the gas sensor. This process ensures efficient transmission of the enriched gas to the sensor, avoiding concentration loss during transmission and guaranteeing the strength of the detection signal. Finally, the response signal output by the gas sensor is collected as the gas detection signal. Using the sensor output directly as the basic data provides a reliable basis for subsequent leak judgment, overcoming the defect of false judgments due to weak signals. In this way, this solution provides high-quality input for subsequent comparison of the gas detection signal with a preset baseline signal and for determining whether a gas leak has occurred based on the signal difference, enabling the entire leak detection method to work more accurately and sensitively.

[0047] The following is a concrete example illustrating this: microchannels can be arrays of microchannels fabricated from polymer materials (such as polydimethylsiloxane PDMS or polyetheretherketone PEEK) using soft lithography or precision injection molding. The inlet ends of these microchannels can be designed to fit tightly against the surfaces of easily leaking areas such as flange connections, welds, or valve interfaces of the environmentally friendly gas chamber. The microchannels can be designed with a width of approximately 200 micrometers and a depth of approximately 100 micrometers to ensure effective capture of trace amounts of gas. For enriching leaked gas, a miniature diaphragm pump can be connected to the end of the microchannel. This pump periodically generates negative pressure, actively drawing air and leaked gas from near the gas chamber sealing surface into the microchannel, creating a locally high-concentration region within the microchannel. The gas sensor can be a sensor based on the principle of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), with a sensitive membrane coated on its surface that selectively adsorbs environmentally friendly gases. When leaked gas is adsorbed onto the sensitive membrane, it causes a change in the crystal's oscillation frequency. At this time, the response signal output by the sensor can be an electrical signal corresponding to the change in crystal oscillation frequency, such as frequency offset or voltage change. This signal is then acquired and used for subsequent leakage detection.

[0048] Through the above technical solution, this application significantly improves the capture and enrichment efficiency of trace leaked gases, enabling even extremely low concentrations of leaked gas to be effectively concentrated, thus overcoming the bottleneck of the detection limit of existing sensors. Simultaneously, by efficiently guiding the enriched gas to the sensor, it ensures that the sensor receives a sufficiently strong signal, avoiding signal attenuation and loss during transmission, and greatly improving the sensitivity and accuracy of detection. This signal acquisition method provides a reliable and high signal-to-noise ratio data foundation for subsequent leak assessment, effectively reducing the risk of false alarms and missed alarms, making the detection of trace gas leaks in compact environmental protection switches possible. Combined with basic leak detection methods, the entire detection system can detect potential leaks earlier and more accurately, thereby ensuring the long-term stable operation and environmental friendliness of environmental protection switches.

[0049] Traditional gas sensors may not provide a highly sensitive response signal when detecting gas leaks inside the gas chamber of an environmental protection switch, resulting in an inability to accurately capture minute leaks or dynamic leak changes, thus affecting detection accuracy and reliability.

[0050] In this regard, this application further proposes that the gas sensor is a surface acoustic wave impedance sensor; the response signal is the impedance change signal generated by the coupling of the gas with the acoustic impedance of the sensor surface.

[0051] Among them, the gas sensor is a surface acoustic wave (SAW) impedance sensor. A SAW impedance sensor is a device that detects gas by utilizing the principle that the propagation characteristics (such as velocity and attenuation) of sound waves propagating on the surface of a piezoelectric substrate are highly sensitive to changes in surface quality, conductivity, or elastic modulus. When gas molecules adsorb onto the sensor surface, they cause changes in these surface properties, thereby affecting the propagation of sound waves. Gas detection is achieved by detecting these changes. One implementation method is to use SAW devices based on piezoelectric crystal materials such as quartz and lithium niobate. The detection performance is enhanced by coating or depositing a sensitive thin film with selective adsorption capacity for the target gas on the sensor surface. Another implementation method is to use SAW sensors fabricated using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. This technology enables the miniaturization, arraying, and integration of the sensor with signal processing circuitry, thereby improving detection efficiency and reducing costs.

[0052] The response signal is an impedance change signal generated by the coupling of gas with the acoustic impedance of the sensor surface. The mechanism of this signal generation lies in the fact that when leaking gas molecules come into contact with the sensitive surface of the surface acoustic wave sensor, physical or chemical adsorption occurs between the gas molecules and the sensor surface, causing changes in the equivalent mass, elastic modulus, or conductivity of the sensor surface. These changes directly affect the propagation characteristics of surface acoustic waves on the sensor surface, thereby causing changes in the sensor's electrical impedance (including resistance and reactance). By accurately measuring this impedance change, the degree of gas adsorption can be quantified, thus reflecting the concentration of the leaking gas. For example, by integrating the surface acoustic wave sensor into an oscillating circuit, when gas adsorption causes a change in sensor impedance, the resonant frequency or phase of the oscillating circuit will change accordingly. The response signal can be obtained by detecting these frequency or phase changes. Alternatively, the complex impedance of the sensor at a specific frequency can be measured in real time using equipment such as an impedance analyzer, and this can be processed as a response signal. This impedance change signal has a high signal-to-noise ratio and quantifiability, providing a reliable data basis for subsequent leak detection.

[0053] This application addresses the shortcomings of traditional sensors in detecting minute and dynamic leaks by configuring a gas sensor as a surface acoustic wave (SAW) impedance sensor and using the impedance change signal generated by the coupling between the gas and the sensor surface as the response signal. When acquiring the gas detection signal inside the environmental protection switch's gas chamber, the leaking gas is first enriched through a microchannel, and then guided to the SAW impedance sensor. When the enriched leaking gas molecules come into contact with the sensitive surface of the SAW impedance sensor, the gas molecules adsorb onto the sensor surface, causing changes in the sensor's equivalent mass, elastic modulus, or conductivity. This change directly affects the propagation characteristics of surface acoustic waves on the sensor surface, thus causing a precise change in the sensor's electrical impedance. This impedance change signal can directly and efficiently reflect the gas concentration without complex chemical reactions, ensuring the speed and stability of detection. This mechanism enables the sensor to accurately capture weak signals caused by trace amounts of gas and respond quickly to instantaneous fluctuations in gas concentration. In this way, the surface acoustic wave impedance sensor and the aforementioned microchannel enrichment technology work closely together. Microchannel enrichment increases the concentration of the leaked gas to a range that the sensor can effectively respond to, while the sensor's high sensitivity and fast response capability fully utilize the concentration advantage after enrichment, ensuring accurate identification of both trace and dynamic leaks. Together, they overcome the challenge of a single technology being unable to simultaneously detect trace and dynamic leaks.

[0054] The following is a specific example. As a particular implementation, the gas sensor can be a surface acoustic wave impedance sensor based on an AT-cut quartz substrate. Its piezoelectric substrate has excellent temperature stability; for example, the temperature coefficient can be controlled below 0.5 ppm / ℃, allowing it to maintain detection accuracy over a wide operating temperature range of -40℃ to 70℃ for environmentally friendly switches. The sensor surface can be plated with nanoscale modified gold interdigitated electrodes, and a surface with an uneven structure can be formed through plasma etching, thereby increasing the specific surface area by more than three times. This significantly enhances the adsorption capacity for environmentally friendly gas molecules (such as dry air and perfluoroisocyanates) while effectively suppressing the influence of interfering substances such as water vapor and dust. The sensor can employ a miniaturized packaging design, for example, with an overall size of 10mm × 8mm × 3mm, allowing it to be directly integrated into the sensing cavity at the end of a microchannel, perfectly fitting the narrow installation space of a compact double-break switch. The sensor's operating frequency can be set to 433MHz, maintaining a high quality factor (Q value), for example, above 5000, to ensure sensitive capture of weak signals. When enriched environmentally friendly gas molecules are adsorbed onto the sensor surface, a very thin gas adsorption film forms on the modified gold electrode and substrate surface due to van der Waals forces. This adsorption film alters the equivalent acoustic impedance of the substrate surface; for example, the acoustic impedance difference between environmentally friendly gas and air is approximately 10 to 15 Rayl. This change in acoustic impedance is strictly linearly positively correlated with the gas concentration; for example, within the concentration range of 30 ppm to 1000 ppm, every 10 ppm concentration change corresponds to a frequency shift of approximately 1 kHz. By connecting the sensor to a high-frequency oscillation circuit and using a frequency counter or phase-locked loop circuit to monitor the change in oscillation frequency in real time, the impedance change caused by gas adsorption can be converted into a quantifiable electrical signal. This sensor exhibits fast response characteristics, for example, T... 90 With a response time of less than 1 second, and combined with high-frequency sampling (e.g., 1kHz), it can accurately capture instantaneous leakage signals with a duration of less than 0.5 seconds.

[0055] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the technical problems of low response sensitivity, inability to accurately capture trace leaks or dynamic leak changes, and insufficient detection accuracy and reliability of traditional gas sensors. By employing a surface acoustic wave impedance sensor as the core component for gas detection and utilizing the impedance change signal generated by the coupling of gas and sensor surface acoustic impedance as the response, the sensitivity and response speed of gas leak detection are significantly improved. This sensor can accurately capture the weak impedance changes caused by the adsorption of trace gas molecules, resulting in a significant reduction in the detection limit, thus enabling stable identification of trace environmental gas leaks with extremely low annual leakage rates. Simultaneously, its rapid response characteristics ensure timely capture of instantaneous fluctuations in gas concentration, effectively addressing the pain point of existing technologies being unable to adapt to dynamic leak scenarios. Combined with the aforementioned microchannel enrichment technology, this sensor can fully leverage its high sensitivity advantage, converting the enriched trace gas signal into a clear and quantifiable impedance change signal, providing a high signal-to-noise ratio and high reliability data foundation for subsequent leak judgment, and significantly reducing the false positive rate. Furthermore, the sensor's miniaturized design allows it to be seamlessly integrated into compact, environmentally friendly switches without taking up extra space, and it also features excellent temperature stability and anti-interference capabilities, ensuring detection accuracy and reliability under complex operating conditions.

[0056] In some embodiments described above, a method for enriching leaked gas using microchannels to obtain gas detection signals was proposed. However, in this process, because the microchannels do not distinguish between different sealing parts, the leak location cannot be accurately pinpointed, making it difficult to identify the specific leak point in the double-break gas chamber structure of a compact environmental protection switch. To address this, this application further proposes a gas leak fault detection method, wherein the microchannel includes multiple independent channels corresponding to different sealing parts of the gas chamber; determining the leak location includes: identifying the specific sealing part where the leak occurred based on the differences in the gas detection signals corresponding to each of the independent channels.

[0057] The microchannels consist of multiple independent channels corresponding to different sealing locations within the gas chamber. Microchannels are tiny channels used to guide and enrich trace amounts of gas, typically ranging in size from micrometers to millimeters. These channels can be implemented in various ways, such as through micromachining (e.g., photolithography, etching) on ​​a substrate material, or by directly molding them integrally into a polymer material using 3D printing technology. The independent channel design ensures that leaked gas from different sealing locations can be captured and transported individually, thus physically isolating signals from different leakage sources and avoiding signal confusion.

[0058] Determining the leak location involves identifying the specific sealing point where the leak occurred based on the differences in gas detection signals corresponding to each of the individual flow channels. These differences in gas detection signals can manifest in several ways. For example, when a leak occurs at a sealing point, the gas detection signal intensity collected from its corresponding independent flow channel will be significantly higher than that from other unleashed flow channels. Furthermore, in instantaneous leak events, the flow channel signal corresponding to the leaking point may show a response peak first, while other flow channels may show no significant fluctuations or a delayed response. By analyzing these differences in signal intensity, timing, or rate of change, it is possible to accurately determine which specific sealing point experienced the gas leak.

[0059] This application's solution involves setting multiple independent flow channels inside the environmental protection switch's gas chamber, each corresponding to a different sealing part of the chamber, and determining the leak location based on the differences in gas detection signals acquired through these independent flow channels. Specifically, when acquiring gas detection signals inside the environmental protection switch's gas chamber, the leaking gas is first enriched through microchannels located near the chamber's sealing surface. This solution further optimizes the structure of the microchannels, transforming them from single or indistinguishable channels into multiple physically independent flow channels, each precisely corresponding to a specific sealing part of the gas chamber. This design ensures that each potential leak point has its own dedicated "gas collection path." When a gas leak occurs at a sealing part, the leaking gas will be preferentially and primarily enriched through the independent flow channel corresponding to that part. Subsequently, this enriched gas is guided to a gas sensor for detection, and the response signal output by the gas sensor is collected as the gas detection signal. Because the independent flow channels are physically isolated, the gas detection signals generated when leaking gas from different sealing parts is enriched and detected are also independent of each other. In the subsequent leak detection and localization process, the system will compare and analyze the gas detection signals from different independent flow channels. By comparing the differences in intensity, timing of change, or rate of change of the gas detection signals corresponding to each independent flow channel, it can clearly identify which flow channel has an abnormal signal, and thus accurately identify the specific sealing location where the gas leak has occurred. This "zonal enrichment-zonal sensing-difference localization" mechanism effectively avoids the problem of signal confusion leading to inaccurate localization in traditional single-flow channel solutions, and is particularly suitable for the refined detection of multiple sealing locations in compact double-break gas chamber structures.

[0060] The following is a specific example. As a concrete implementation, the microchannels inside a compact environmentally friendly switch can be designed as two independent flow channel groups, each corresponding to one of the two independent gas chambers of a double-break switch, thus achieving physical isolation of leakage signals between the two chambers. Inside each chamber, each flow channel group can be further subdivided into three core branch independent flow channels. These channels precisely correspond to concealed areas prone to leakage, such as the flange sealing surface, weld sealing surface, and valve interface sealing surface of the gas chamber. The inlets of these independent flow channels are close to the critical leakage points of each sealing surface. The flow channels themselves can be integrally injection molded with the gas chamber shell using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material, and their aperture can be designed to be 0.8mm to ensure efficient gas enrichment without occupying narrow space or affecting the switch's insulation performance. The outlet of each independent flow channel can be connected to a gas sensor, such as a surface acoustic wave impedance sensor, or to an independent detection area within a sensing cavity, ensuring that the gas enriched in each flow channel can independently trigger a sensing signal. When a minute leak occurs at a sealing point (e.g., a flange sealing surface), the leaking gas is enriched and guided to a gas sensor through a corresponding independent flow channel. The response signal output by the gas sensor (e.g., the impedance change signal generated due to the acoustic impedance coupling between the gas and the sensor surface) is collected. Simultaneously, the signals collected from the independent flow channels corresponding to other sealing points without leaks remain at a baseline level. By comparing the gas detection signals corresponding to these three independent flow channels—for example, if the signal intensity of the flow channel corresponding to the flange sealing surface increases significantly while the signals of the other two flow channels show no significant change—the leak can be identified as occurring at the flange sealing surface. If it is a momentary leak, the signal of the flow channel corresponding to the flange sealing surface will show a peak first. This method enables accurate identification of the leak location.

[0061] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the technical problem that traditional microchannel solutions cannot accurately locate the leakage point of specific sealing parts inside the double-break gas chamber of a compact environmentally friendly switch. First, the design of multiple independent flow channels achieves physical isolation of leakage signals, avoiding confusion between signals from different sealing parts and significantly improving signal identification. Second, the positioning mechanism based on the differences in gas detection signals from each independent flow channel greatly improves the accuracy of leak location identification, upgrading from simply judging gas chamber leakage to accurately identifying specific sealing parts within the gas chamber, such as flange sealing surfaces, weld sealing surfaces, or valve interface sealing surfaces, with positioning errors controlled within a small range. This precise positioning capability, combined with the aforementioned technology of enriching leaked gas through microchannels and collecting response signals from gas sensors, allows for the effective capture and independent detection of trace amounts of leaked gas, thus providing a reliable data foundation for accurate positioning. Furthermore, this solution perfectly adapts to the structural characteristics of a compact double-break switch, requiring no additional space, and can effectively distinguish the leakage situation of the two independent gas chambers in a double-break configuration, solving the problem of blind spots in positioning under complex structures in existing technologies. Ultimately, this precise leak location capability can significantly shorten troubleshooting time, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and improve the operational reliability and maintenance efficiency of environmental protection switches.

[0062] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a method for detecting gas leaks and their locations has been proposed. However, in its implementation, it is impossible to distinguish whether the leak is continuous or transient, which may lead to misjudgment or inappropriate response to the leak event, such as the inability to effectively capture transient leaks caused by vibrations during switch operation.

[0063] In this regard, this application further proposes that the method also includes: determining whether the leak type is a continuous leak or a momentary leak based on the duration of the change in the gas detection signal; wherein, if the duration of the change exceeds a preset time threshold, it is determined to be a continuous leak; otherwise, it is determined to be a momentary leak.

[0064] The duration of the gas detection signal change refers to the length of time during which the gas detection signal deviates significantly from its baseline level and remains in this deviated state. This duration can be recorded by continuously monitoring parameters such as the signal amplitude, frequency, or impedance, noting the time point when the signal first exceeds a preset leakage threshold and the time point when the signal falls back below the threshold or stabilizes at a new baseline level; the time difference between these two points is the duration of the change. Alternatively, digital signal processing technology can be used to analyze the acquired gas detection signal in real time, identifying the start and end points of the signal waveform and calculating its time span through sliding windows or event detection algorithms. Determining the leakage type as either continuous or transient aims to classify detected gas leakage events for targeted subsequent treatment. Continuous leakage typically refers to gas escaping at a relatively stable rate over a long period, while transient leakage refers to gas escaping rapidly for a short time and then stopping or significantly weakening. This determination can be made by directly performing a binary classification by comparing the signal change duration with a preset time threshold, or by combining other auxiliary information, such as the intensity and rate of change of the leakage signal, to construct a more complex classification model. The preset time threshold serves as the criterion for distinguishing between continuous and transient leaks. This threshold can be set based on empirical data, experimental test results, or industry standards. For example, by long-term monitoring of different types of leakage events and statistically analyzing the distribution characteristics of their signal durations, a critical value that can effectively distinguish between the two can be determined. This threshold can also be a configurable parameter, allowing users to adjust it according to specific application scenarios, equipment characteristics, or requirements for leakage response speed.

[0065] This application's solution, based on acquiring gas detection signals inside the environmental protection switch's gas chamber and determining whether a gas leak has occurred based on signal differences, further introduces a mechanism for judging the type of leak. Specifically, when a gas leak event is detected, the system continuously monitors the gas detection signal and accurately records the entire time span from when the signal begins to deviate from the baseline to when it returns to normal or stabilizes in the new leak state—that is, the duration of the change in the gas detection signal. Subsequently, the recorded duration of change is compared with a preset time threshold. If the duration of change exceeds the preset time threshold, the leak event is determined to be a continuous leak, which usually means that there is a relatively stable leak source, requiring more in-depth investigation and repair. Conversely, if the duration of change does not exceed the preset time threshold, it is determined to be a transient leak, which may indicate that the leak is short-lived and sporadic, such as being caused by a transient external disturbance. In this way, this application can elevate the judgment of leak events from a simple "presence or absence" judgment to a "type" judgment, providing more targeted information for subsequent maintenance and response. By combining the aforementioned techniques of enriching leaked gas through microchannels and acquiring gas detection signals using high-sensitivity gas sensors (such as surface acoustic wave impedance sensors), signals with fast response speeds and high accuracy can be obtained. This allows even extremely short-lived, transient leak events to be effectively captured and their duration accurately measured. Through time-series analysis of these high-precision signals, and in conjunction with preset time thresholds, it is possible to effectively distinguish between transient gas escapes caused by instantaneous factors such as vibrations from switch operations and long-term gas leaks caused by structural problems such as aging of seals. This significantly improves the scientific and economical aspects of operation and maintenance.

[0066] In one specific implementation, after acquiring the gas detection signal inside the gas chamber of the environmental protection switch, such as the impedance change signal generated by the coupling between the gas and the sensor surface impedance collected by a surface acoustic wave impedance sensor, this signal is typically represented as a frequency offset. When this frequency offset exceeds a preset leakage judgment threshold, a gas leak is considered to have occurred. At this time, the system starts timing and continuously monitors the frequency offset. If the frequency offset remains above the leakage judgment threshold for a period exceeding a preset time threshold, such as 1 second, it is determined to be a continuous leak. This means that the gas is continuously escaping at a relatively stable rate. Conversely, if the frequency offset falls below the threshold within less than 1 second after exceeding the leakage judgment threshold, it is determined to be a momentary leak. For example, when the environmental protection switch is operated to open or close, momentary vibrations may occur, causing a brief loosening of the gas chamber sealing surface, resulting in a very short-lived gas escape. At this time, the surface acoustic wave impedance sensor can quickly capture this momentary leak event and generate a frequency offset signal that may last only 0.3 seconds. Since 0.3 seconds is less than the preset 1-second time threshold, the system will classify it as an instantaneous leak. To further improve the accuracy and adaptability of the judgment, the preset time threshold can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual operating conditions. For example, when the vibration signal of the switch is obtained through a vibration sensor, and the vibration signal exceeds the set threshold, the system can temporarily adjust the preset time threshold to 0.5 seconds. Under this adjusted threshold, if the change in the gas detection signal lasts for 0.3 seconds, it will still be judged as an instantaneous leak, while if the duration is 0.6 seconds, it will be judged as a continuous leak, thus more accurately adapting to the special operating conditions during switch operation and avoiding misjudgment.

[0067] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of being unable to distinguish between continuous and transient gas leaks, significantly improving the precision of gas leak detection. Specifically, by accurately measuring and judging the duration of changes in gas detection signals, it can accurately identify transient gas escapes caused by instantaneous factors such as switch operation vibrations, avoiding misjudgments as continuous leaks requiring emergency handling. This makes the maintenance and response measures for compact environmental protection switches more targeted. For example, for transient leaks, strategies such as enhanced monitoring or subsequent investigation can be adopted to avoid unnecessary downtime for maintenance, thereby saving operation and maintenance costs and ensuring the continuity and stability of power supply. At the same time, for true continuous leaks, timely detection and remedial measures can be taken to prevent large-scale gas leakage from causing a decline in the insulation performance of the switch, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the equipment. This ability to distinguish between leak types upgrades the leak detection results from a simple "presence or absence" judgment to a "type" judgment, providing maintenance personnel with more comprehensive and instructive information, thereby optimizing the fault diagnosis and management strategies for environmental protection switches.

[0068] In some of the solutions described above in this application, a gas detection signal is obtained by enriching leaked gas through a microchannel. However, during this process, vibration may cause instantaneous leakage events when the switch is operated. However, the standard enrichment method cannot efficiently capture these dynamic leaks because the enrichment efficiency is insufficient or the response is not timely, resulting in reduced detection sensitivity. In particular, it cannot respond in real time during the switch operation. At the same time, the continuous enrichment mode causes unnecessary energy consumption during non-operation periods.

[0069] In response, this application proposes an intermittent negative pressure extraction method for enriching leaked gas, comprising: intermittently starting negative pressure extraction according to a preset working cycle during non-operation of the switch; and switching to continuous negative pressure extraction mode when a switch operation signal is detected.

[0070] The method for enriching leaked gas employs intermittent negative pressure extraction. This aims to efficiently collect and transport potentially leaked gas from inside the gas chamber to the gas sensor through periodic or on-demand negative pressure action. Negative pressure extraction utilizes pressure difference to drive gas flow; intermittent means the extraction is not continuous but is started and stopped according to a specific strategy to balance detection needs and resource consumption. One implementation involves using a programmable controller to control the start and stop of a micropump connected to a microchannel. When the pump starts, a negative pressure is created at the inlet of the microchannel, drawing in surrounding gas. Another implementation uses a micro-solenoid valve to control the connection to a vacuum source. The intermittent negative pressure extraction is achieved through the periodic opening and closing of the solenoid valve, thereby enriching the leaked gas.

[0071] During non-operational periods, negative pressure extraction is intermittently initiated according to a preset work cycle. This step aims to perform leak monitoring in an energy-efficient and continuous manner when the switchgear is in a stable state without frequent mechanical movements. The preset work cycle defines the time interval between the operation and rest of the negative pressure extraction system, ensuring that the gas in the chamber is periodically enriched during non-operational periods to detect potential slow or persistent leaks. One implementation involves an internal timer module that cyclically controls the power supply to the negative pressure extraction device based on preset "operation duration" and "sleep duration," for example, initiating extraction for 10 seconds every certain period (e.g., 5 minutes). Another implementation involves a low-power microcontroller executing a preset scheduling algorithm that controls the operation of the negative pressure extraction pump based on timestamps and preset interval parameters (e.g., extraction once per hour for 30 seconds each time).

[0072] Upon detecting a switch operation signal, the system switches to continuous negative pressure extraction mode. This step is designed to address momentary leaks that may occur during switch operations (such as opening or closing) due to mechanical vibration or stress changes. When the system senses a switch operation event, it immediately switches the gas enrichment mode from intermittent to continuous mode to ensure that the enrichment system operates continuously for critical short periods, uninterruptedly capturing any potential dynamic leaks. One implementation is that when a switch state change command is received from the switch control system (such as a SCADA system), the control module immediately triggers the negative pressure extraction device to enter continuous operation until the operation is completed or the preset continuous extraction time ends. Another implementation is to monitor the physical state of the switch body using an independent sensor (e.g., an acoustic sensor or an accelerometer). When a specific signal related to the switch operation (such as vibration or sound characteristics) is detected to reach a preset threshold, the control circuit immediately activates the negative pressure extraction device for continuous operation.

[0073] This application's solution optimizes the efficiency and energy consumption of gas leak detection by introducing an adaptive negative pressure extraction strategy, which employs different enrichment modes under different operating conditions. The core of this solution lies in intelligently switching between "intermittent negative pressure extraction" and "continuous negative pressure extraction" modes based on the operating status of the switchgear. During non-operational periods, the equipment is in a relatively stable state, and gas leaks occurring at this time are mostly slow, continuous, and minute leaks. To minimize energy consumption while ensuring detection capability, the system employs intermittent negative pressure extraction. This means that the negative pressure extraction device does not operate continuously but is periodically started and stopped according to a preset working cycle. For example, during operating periods, the negative pressure extraction device is activated, enriching the leaked gas through a microchannel and guiding it to the gas sensor; during sleep periods, the negative pressure extraction device is stopped, and the system enters a low-power standby state. This intermittent operating mode ensures continuous monitoring of minute leaks during non-operational periods, avoiding missed leak detection, and significantly reduces the overall system energy consumption, extending the equipment's lifespan and maintenance cycle. Upon detecting a switching operation signal, the system immediately switches from intermittent mode to continuous negative pressure extraction mode. Switching operations (such as opening and closing) are typically accompanied by mechanical vibration and stress changes, which can cause transient, short-term gas leaks at the sealing points. Traditional intermittent enrichment modes may miss these transient leak events due to their inherent sampling window. Therefore, once a switching operation signal is detected, the system responds rapidly, continuously operating the negative pressure extraction device to enrich the gas in the sealing area and deliver it to the gas sensor without interruption. This continuous enrichment mode ensures that any transient leaks are captured promptly and completely during the critical switching operation period, thereby improving the sensitivity and response speed of dynamic leak detection. This approach works closely in synergy with the overall detection process of enriching leaked gas through microchannels, guiding the enriched gas to the gas sensor, and collecting the response signal as the gas detection signal. The adaptive negative pressure extraction strategy of this approach is an optimization of this fundamental enrichment stage. Intermittent mode provides continuous and low-energy enrichment during non-operational periods, while continuous mode provides high-response and high-efficiency enrichment during operation. Together, they ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the gas detection signal, regardless of whether the leak is continuous or transient. This design, which intelligently switches enrichment modes according to operating conditions, enables the entire gas leak detection method to more effectively handle the leakage characteristics of compact environmentally friendly switches under different operating conditions, significantly improving the reliability and practicality of detection.

[0074] In one specific implementation, the adaptive negative pressure extraction system of this application can consist of a miniature negative pressure pump, a control module, and a corresponding microchannel. The miniature negative pressure pump is connected via a pipe to the inlet of the microchannel near the sealing surface of the environmental protection switch's gas chamber. The control module can be an embedded microcontroller, internally storing preset working cycle parameters and mode switching logic. During non-operational periods of the switch, the control module starts the miniature negative pressure pump for 15 seconds every 5 minutes, for example, and then stops for 4 minutes and 45 seconds, according to a preset intermittent working cycle. During the 15 seconds of operation, the miniature negative pressure pump generates a stable negative pressure, drawing gas from the microchannel to the gas sensor. During the 4 minutes and 45 seconds of the miniature negative pressure pump stopping, the control module puts the system into a low-power mode, maintaining only the gas sensor in standby mode, waiting for the next extraction. When a switch operation signal is detected, for example, by receiving an electrical signal from the switch body or by detecting vibration caused by the switch operation through an external sensor (such as a vibration sensor), the control module immediately interrupts the current intermittent working cycle and instructs the miniature negative pressure pump to enter continuous operating mode. In continuous operation mode, the miniature negative pressure pump will run continuously, continuously drawing gas from the microchannel to the gas sensor until the switch operation is completed or the preset continuous extraction time (e.g., 30 seconds to 1 minute) ends.

[0075] After continuous sampling is completed, the system can choose to return to intermittent sampling mode or enter standby mode according to preset logic. This switching mechanism ensures that any instantaneous leakage can be monitored in real time and continuously during the high-risk period of switching operation.

[0076] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problems of untimely dynamic leak capture response, insufficient enrichment efficiency, and excessive energy consumption during non-operation periods in the gas leak detection of compact environmentally friendly switches using traditional enrichment methods. Specifically, intermittent negative pressure extraction is used during switch non-operation periods, significantly reducing the overall energy consumption of the system and enabling the detection system to operate stably for extended periods. This is particularly suitable for outdoor environments without continuous power supply, avoiding frequent battery replacements or external power supply requirements. Simultaneously, this intermittent extraction method can still effectively capture slowly occurring, continuous micro-leakage, ensuring detection coverage during non-operation periods. Furthermore, upon detecting a switch operation signal, the system can quickly switch to continuous negative pressure extraction mode, ensuring that any instantaneous leaks that may occur during switch operation are captured promptly and completely. This rapid response and continuous enrichment capability compensates for the shortcomings of traditional intermittent modes in dealing with dynamic leaks, greatly improving detection sensitivity and reliability, and preventing the omission of instantaneous leaks caused by operational vibrations. This solution achieves a precise balance between energy consumption control and dynamic leak detection performance through adaptive enrichment mode switching, providing an efficient, reliable, and energy-saving solution for gas leak detection of environmental protection switches, and significantly improving the practicality and effectiveness of the entire detection method.

[0077] In some of the solutions described above in this application, a detection switch operation signal is proposed to trigger the switching to a continuous negative pressure extraction mode, thereby capturing dynamic leakage. However, in the implementation process, how to reliably detect the switch operation signal to avoid environmental vibration interference or misjudgment, which would lead to inaccurate mode switching and thus affect the capture efficiency of instantaneous leakage, is a problem that needs to be solved.

[0078] In response, this application proposes a method for detecting a switch operation signal, which includes: acquiring a vibration signal of the switch through a vibration sensor; and triggering a switch to a continuous negative pressure extraction mode when the vibration signal exceeds a set threshold.

[0079] A vibration sensor is a device that converts mechanical vibrations (such as displacement, velocity, or acceleration) into measurable electrical signals. Its function is to directly sense the physical vibrations generated during the operation of an environmental protection switch, providing raw data for determining the switch's operating status. One implementation method is the use of piezoelectric vibration sensors, which utilize the property of piezoelectric materials generating electric charge under mechanical stress. These sensors have high sensitivity and a wide frequency response range, effectively capturing transient vibrations during switch operation. Another implementation method is the use of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) vibration sensors. These sensors are small in size and low in power consumption, detecting vibration through the inertial force or deformation generated by a microstructure under vibration, making them particularly suitable for the internal space constraints of compact environmental protection switches. Additionally, capacitive vibration sensors can be used, detecting vibration by measuring the capacitance change caused by vibration, exhibiting good performance in low-frequency response. The vibration signal of the switch refers to the mechanical vibration wave generated by the movement, collision, and friction of its internal mechanical components when the environmental protection switch performs operations such as opening or closing, and is transmitted through the switch's body structure. This signal serves as the direct physical basis for determining whether a switch has been operated, and its characteristics (such as amplitude, frequency, and duration) are closely related to the switch's operational behavior. This signal can be obtained by directly acquiring the raw electrical signal through a vibration sensor, which contains the dynamic characteristics of the switch operation.

[0080] It can also be the signal after filtering, amplifying, and digitizing the original electrical signal to effectively remove environmental noise interference and facilitate subsequent signal analysis and processing. Setting a threshold is a predetermined numerical limit used to distinguish and judge the intensity of vibration signals. Its function is to effectively filter out low-intensity environmental vibrations unrelated to switching operations, thereby ensuring that subsequent mode switching is only triggered when an actual switching operation occurs, avoiding misjudgments caused by environmental interference. One setting method is based on statistical analysis of a large amount of switching operation vibration data and environmental background noise data to determine a fixed threshold that can effectively distinguish between the two.

[0081] Another setting method is to use an adaptive threshold algorithm. This algorithm can dynamically adjust the threshold according to the real-time changes or long-term trends of environmental vibration and background noise to better adapt to different operating conditions and improve the accuracy of judgment. Switching to continuous negative pressure extraction mode means changing the working state of the device used for leak gas enrichment from intermittent extraction mode to continuous extraction mode. The purpose of this operation is to immediately start continuous negative pressure extraction when a switch operation signal is detected, so as to ensure efficient and uninterrupted enrichment of leaked gas during the short period of time when the switch operation may cause instantaneous leakage, thereby avoiding the failure to capture instantaneous leakage. This switching can be achieved by controlling the power supply of the negative pressure pump or adjusting its speed to change it from a periodic working state to a continuous working state. In addition, the mode can also be switched by controlling the valves in the gas circuit to switch between the intermittent extraction enrichment chamber and the continuous extraction enrichment chamber, or by directly adjusting the extraction flow rate.

[0082] The overall operating logic of this scheme is as follows: Vibration sensors are strategically installed on the environmental protection switch body, continuously monitoring the mechanical vibrations generated by the switch during operation. When the switch performs operations such as opening and closing, it generates unique vibration signals with relatively high intensity. The vibration sensors convert these mechanical vibrations into electrical signals, forming the switch's vibration signals. These vibration signals are then sent to the processing unit for analysis. The processing unit has a preset threshold value, which is carefully calibrated based on the difference between the switch operation vibration and the ambient background noise vibration. When the amplitude of the received vibration signal exceeds this preset threshold, the processing unit determines that a switch operation has occurred. Once a switch operation is determined, the processing unit immediately issues a command to trigger the gas enrichment device to switch from the original intermittent negative pressure extraction mode to a continuous negative pressure extraction mode.

[0083] The purpose of this mode switching is to ensure that the enrichment device can continuously and efficiently extract gas from the gas chamber at critical moments when switching operations may lead to momentary gas leaks, thereby maximizing the detection of potential momentary leaks. This solution achieves accurate identification and anti-interference capabilities for switching operation signals by introducing vibration sensors and setting thresholds. The vibration sensor directly captures the physical characteristics of the switching operation, avoiding errors that may arise from indirect detection. The application of the threshold effectively distinguishes between genuine switching operation vibrations and random noise or low-intensity vibrations in the environment, thus avoiding false triggering. This mechanism works closely with the intermittent negative pressure extraction method described above. During non-operational periods, the system uses intermittent extraction to save energy; when a switching operation signal is detected, it quickly switches to continuous extraction to address the risk of momentary leaks. This dynamic and adaptive enrichment mode switching ensures that gas enrichment can be performed with maximum efficiency at critical moments, significantly improving the ability to detect momentary leaks and solving the problems of lag or missed detection in dynamic leak detection by traditional methods.

[0084] As a specific implementation method, the above-mentioned technical means can be implemented with reference to the following example. Inside the housing of a compact environmental protection switch, near the double-break mechanism, a miniature MEMS vibration sensor is fixed by an insulating bracket. This sensor adopts the piezoelectric detection principle, has high sensitivity, and can accurately capture the vibration generated during the switch's opening and closing operations. The vibration sensor continuously collects the switch's vibration signal and converts the analog signal into a digital signal through a built-in analog-to-digital converter, and then transmits it to the main controller, such as an STM32 series microcontroller, via an SPI interface. The microcontroller pre-stores a set threshold, which is determined based on extensive testing and analysis of the vibration characteristics of this model of switch under typical operation and environmental noise conditions; for example, an acceleration threshold of 0.03g. The microcontroller receives the vibration signal data in real time and compares it with the set threshold. When the instantaneous amplitude of the detected vibration signal continuously exceeds 0.03g and the duration meets the preset minimum operation time (e.g., 50 milliseconds), the microcontroller determines that a switching operation has occurred. Once a switching operation is determined, the microcontroller immediately sends a control signal to the drive circuit of the negative pressure pump. This control signal switches the negative pressure pump from intermittent operation (e.g., operating for 30 seconds every 10 minutes) to continuous operation. The negative pressure pump runs continuously, extracting and enriching the gas inside the gas chamber through microchannels, and then guiding the enriched gas to the gas sensor for detection. This switching process is completed in an extremely short time; for example, the total response time from the vibration signal exceeding the threshold to the negative pressure pump switching to continuous mode is less than 0.1 seconds, ensuring that the enrichment system is already in its most efficient operating state in the initial stage where switching operations may cause momentary leaks.

[0085] Through the above technical solution, this application can significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of detecting environmental protection switch operation signals. By directly sensing the physical vibration of switch operation through a vibration sensor, the errors and lags that may arise from traditional indirect detection methods are avoided. The introduction of a threshold setting allows the system to effectively distinguish between genuine switch operation vibrations and various environmental interference vibrations, thereby significantly reducing the probability of false triggering and ensuring the accuracy of mode switching. This precise triggering mechanism enables the gas enrichment device to switch from intermittent negative pressure extraction mode to continuous negative pressure extraction mode in a timely and accurate manner at critical moments when switch operation may cause instantaneous leakage. This ensures efficient enrichment and capture of instantaneous leaked gas, effectively solving the technical problem of easy miss detection of instantaneous leaks in existing technologies. Simultaneously, the implementation of this solution provides a more reliable data foundation for subsequent gas detection signal analysis, thereby improving the overall efficiency and accuracy of gas leak fault detection.

[0086] In some of the solutions described above in this application, methods for detecting gas leaks and determining their locations have been proposed. However, in their implementation, there is a lack of a mechanism for timely generation and notification of leak information, resulting in users being unable to respond quickly to leak events, delaying handling, and increasing potential risks. To address this, this application further proposes generating alarm information containing the leak location and type after a leak is determined to have occurred; sending the alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal or / and issuing a warning locally.

[0087] The technical feature of "determining a leak" refers to the fact that after the gas leak detection system completes the analysis of the gas detection signal and confirms the existence of a gas leak event according to preset judgment logic, it serves as a trigger condition for subsequent operations. Its purpose is to ensure that the generation and transmission of alarm information are based on confirmed leak facts, avoiding false alarms. Implementation methods can include: one method is that when the difference between the gas detection signal and the preset baseline signal exceeds a preset threshold, and the duration of this difference meets specific conditions, the internal logic processing unit of the system issues a signal indicating that the leak determination is complete; another method is to perform pattern recognition or machine learning analysis on the gas detection signal, and trigger a leak determination when a signal pattern matching leak characteristics is identified.

[0088] The technical feature of "generating alarm information containing leak location and leak type" refers to the system integrating, encoding, and formatting key information related to the gas leak event after confirming its occurrence, forming a structured alarm message. Its purpose is to provide the recipient with a comprehensive and accurate leak context for rapid understanding and decision-making. Implementation methods can include: one approach is for the system to obtain corresponding identifiers or data based on preceding detection steps (e.g., identifying specific sealing locations based on differences in gas detection signals corresponding to the microchannels, and determining the leak type based on the duration of gas detection signal changes), and then populate this data into a predefined alarm message template to form text or data packets; another approach is for the system to maintain a leak event database, storing information such as leak location, leak type, and occurrence time as record entries when a leak occurs, and generating an alarm ID pointing to that record as part of the alarm information.

[0089] The technical feature of "sending the alarm information to the remote monitoring terminal" refers to transmitting the generated alarm information to monitoring equipment or systems far from the site via a communication network. Its function is to achieve remote monitoring and management of gas leaks in environmental protection switches, especially suitable for unattended or centralized management applications. Implementation methods can include: one method is to transmit the alarm information to a local data acquisition unit via a wired communication interface (such as RS485 or Ethernet), and then the unit forwards it to the main server of the remote monitoring center via a wide area network (such as fiber optic or VPN); another method is to directly send the alarm information to a cloud platform or remote monitoring server via a wireless communication module (such as LoRa, NB-IoT, or 4G / 5G cellular networks), and the remote monitoring terminal receives and displays this information through client software or a web interface.

[0090] The technical feature of "or / and providing local warnings" refers to issuing leak warnings to nearby personnel at the site of environmentally friendly switchgear in a visually intuitive way. Its purpose is to ensure that on-site personnel can detect a leak immediately so that emergency measures can be taken promptly. Implementation methods can include: one method is to issue an alarm via an audible and visual alarm, for example, flashing high-brightness LEDs accompanied by a buzzer to attract the attention of on-site personnel; another method is to install dedicated indicator lights or a small display screen on the equipment's control panel. When a leak occurs, the indicator light illuminates or the display screen shows a brief alarm message indicating the leak and basic information.

[0091] This application's solution integrates the results of gas leak detection, location, and type determination, and employs a multi-channel warning mechanism to ensure timely and accurate transmission of leak information. Specifically, after the gas detection system determines a gas leak based on the difference between the gas detection signal and a preset baseline signal, combined with steps such as enriching the leaking gas through a microchannel located near the gas chamber sealing surface, guiding the enriched gas to the gas sensor, and collecting the response signal output by the gas sensor, the system immediately initiates an alarm information generation process. This process comprehensively utilizes information such as the identified specific sealing location (i.e., leak location) and the determined leak type (i.e., continuous leak or instantaneous leak) to construct a structured alarm message containing these key elements. Subsequently, this alarm message is sent synchronously or asynchronously to a remote monitoring terminal via a preset communication link to achieve centralized management and response over a long distance; simultaneously, at the local environmental protection switchgear, a warning is also issued to on-site personnel through intuitive warning methods, such as audible and visual alerts. This dual-warning mechanism ensures that leak information is obtained promptly in both remote centralized monitoring and on-site inspection scenarios, effectively avoiding response delays and increased risks caused by untimely or missed information transmission. Through close integration with the aforementioned gas detection, location, and type determination technologies, this solution transforms a single detection result into an actionable and instructive alarm event, creating a complete closed loop from problem discovery to notification within the gas leak detection system. This significantly improves the response efficiency and management level for gas leak incidents at environmental protection switches.

[0092] The following is a specific example. In one implementation, when the gas leak detection system analyzes the impedance change signal output by the surface acoustic wave (SAW) impedance sensor and combines it with a preset baseline signal to determine that a continuous leak has occurred at the flange seal of gas chamber A, the system's internal alarm processing module is immediately triggered. This module first extracts "Gas Chamber A - Flange Seal" as the leak location information and "Continuous Leakage" as the leak type information from the detection results. Simultaneously, it integrates the current leak signal strength (e.g., SAW frequency offset) and the detection timestamp. Then, the alarm processing module sends an alarm data packet containing all the above information to a local data acquisition unit connected to the same bus via an integrated RS485 communication interface. This acquisition unit further uploads the data to an enterprise-level SCADA system via Ethernet, serving as a remote monitoring terminal. At the same time, the alarm processing module also drives a red LED indicator on the device panel to remain constantly lit and activates a low-power buzzer to emit intermittent sounds as a local warning. After the operator confirms and handles the issue, the buzzer can be manually turned off, but the red LED indicator will remain constantly lit until the leak is resolved.

[0093] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problem of the lack of a timely and effective notification mechanism in traditional leak detection. By generating alarm information containing the leak location and type, maintenance personnel can quickly understand the specific details of the leak, such as which specific sealing part of which gas chamber leaked, and whether the leak is continuous or transient. This allows for targeted response strategies, avoiding blind investigation and unnecessary waste of resources. Simultaneously, sending alarm information to a remote monitoring terminal and / or issuing local alerts ensures that leak information is transmitted to relevant personnel in a timely and reliable manner in different maintenance scenarios (such as unattended substations or manned distribution rooms). This not only significantly shortens the time from leak occurrence to response and handling, reducing the risk of leak escalation leading to equipment damage or environmental pollution, but also improves the safety and reliability of environmentally friendly switchgear operation, providing users with a more efficient and intelligent leak management method.

[0094] In some of the solutions described above in this application, a preset baseline signal is proposed to be compared with the detection signal to determine the leak. However, in this process, the baseline signal may deviate from the standard value due to environmental changes or sensor characteristic drift, resulting in inaccurate leak detection or misjudgment.

[0095] In response, this application proposes a gas leakage fault detection method for a compact environmentally friendly switch. Before acquiring the gas detection signal, the method also includes a baseline calibration step: in the gas chamber sealed state, the sensor signal under standard ambient gas is acquired as a preset baseline signal and stored.

[0096] Specifically, the baseline calibration step refers to performing one or more calibration operations on the gas sensor before formal gas leak detection to establish an accurate, leak-free reference signal. Its purpose is to eliminate or reduce the impact of sensor drift and changes in environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, and air pressure) on the detection results, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent leak detection. This step can be performed once before the equipment leaves the factory, using the calibration result as the initial baseline; it can also be performed periodically after the equipment is put into operation according to a preset cycle (e.g., monthly, quarterly, or annually); or it can be triggered on demand when abnormal sensor performance is detected or significant environmental changes occur. The gas chamber sealing state refers to the gas chamber of the environmental protection switch being in an ideal, closed environment with no gas leaks. This state is a prerequisite for baseline calibration, aiming to simulate normal leak-free operating conditions and ensure that the gas environment sensed by the sensor during calibration is pure and stable, thereby obtaining a true leak-free baseline signal. The gas chamber can be completely sealed by physical means (such as blocking all possible leakage channels and ensuring the gas chamber cover is tight), or by methods such as pressure testing and vacuum testing to confirm that no gas enters or exits the gas chamber during calibration, achieving the preset sealing level. Acquiring sensor signals under standard ambient gas conditions refers to the response signal collected by a gas sensor when the gas chamber is sealed and filled with a specific standard gas. The "standard ambient gas" here is a reference gas with known composition, concentration, pressure, and temperature. Its purpose is to provide the sensor with a stable and repeatable reference environment so that the sensor's output signal accurately reflects its characteristics under leak-free conditions. A gas of the same type, purity, and pressure as the working gas inside the environmental protection switch can be used as the standard ambient gas. For example, if the switch uses dry air, dry air with a dew point and purity meeting the standards should be used. Alternatively, an inert gas (such as high-purity nitrogen) can be used as the standard ambient gas, provided that the inert gas does not respond to the sensor and its physical properties have controllable differences from the actual working gas, allowing for correction through compensation algorithms. The acquired sensor signal under the standard ambient gas is used as a preset baseline signal and stored to provide a stable and comparable reference value during subsequent leak detection. The stored baseline signal is the basis for determining whether a gas leak exists; any significant difference from this baseline signal may indicate the occurrence of a leak. The baseline signal can be stored in the device's non-volatile memory to ensure that it will not be lost even if the device is powered off; it can also be stored in the device's local controller or data processing unit and can be uploaded to a remote server for backup or analysis as needed via a communication interface.

[0097] This application's solution effectively solves the technical problem in traditional methods where the baseline signal deviates from the standard value due to environmental changes or sensor characteristic drift, leading to inaccurate or misjudged leak detection. The method first ensures the gas chamber is sealed, providing an ideal, leak-free, and interference-free environment for calibration, thus eliminating interference from external gases and ensuring the purity of the baseline signal. In this sealed environment, the response signal under a standard ambient gas is acquired by a gas sensor. This standard ambient gas is precisely controlled, and its composition, pressure, and other parameters are highly matched to the gas characteristics of the actual operation of the environmental protection switch, avoiding baseline deviations caused by gas differences. Subsequently, the acquired sensor signal is used as a preset baseline signal and stored. This stored baseline signal serves as a stable reference point for subsequent gas leak detection. In this way, the solution ensures that the baseline signal itself is accurate, stable, and representative before comparing the gas detection signal with the preset baseline signal, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of leak detection from the source. This baseline calibration step is closely integrated with the subsequent gas detection signal acquisition (such as enriching leaked gas through microchannels and collecting response signals from gas sensors) and the overall process of signal comparison to determine the leak, providing a solid foundation for the entire leak detection system. By calibrating the sensor using standard gas in a controlled, sealed environment and storing the calibrated baseline signal, the drift that may occur during long-term sensor operation and the impact of environmental factors on detection accuracy are effectively avoided. This makes subsequent signal difference judgments more reliable, thus solving the technical problem of misjudgment caused by inaccurate baselines in traditional methods.

[0098] As a specific implementation method, this baseline calibration step can be performed during the production and operation / maintenance phases of the environmental protection switch. During the production phase, i.e., factory calibration, after the environmental protection switch is assembled but before it is filled with environmentally friendly gas, a dedicated sealing test tool (e.g., using a pressure holding method to maintain the gas chamber pressure at 0.1 MPa and monitor the pressure drop within 5 minutes to ensure it is less than 0.005 MPa) is used to confirm that the gas chamber has reached the rated sealing level, ensuring the gas chamber is in a strictly sealed state. Simultaneously, all interfaces connecting to the outside are closed to prevent the mixing of ambient air or moisture. Under this sealed state, if the environmental protection switch is designed to use dry air as the insulating medium, dry air with a dew point below -40°C and a purity above 99.99% is filled into the gas chamber through the calibration interface as a standard ambient gas, maintaining a rated operating pressure of 0.1 MPa. Subsequently, the negative pressure extraction module is activated for approximately 3 seconds, uniformly guiding the standard gas to the sensing cavity of the gas sensor (e.g., a surface acoustic wave impedance sensor) through a microfluidic channel. The gas sensor continuously acquires response signals at a sampling frequency of 1 kHz for 5 seconds, and the average value of the signals acquired within these 5 seconds is used as the preset baseline signal. This baseline signal, along with auxiliary information such as calibration time, standard gas parameters, and sensor status, is stored in the non-volatile memory of the signal processing module. During operation and maintenance, it can be set to perform a periodic calibration once a year. Maintenance personnel do not need to disassemble the switch; they can repeat the above process of filling with standard gas, starting negative pressure extraction, acquiring sensor signals, and storing the baseline signal through the reserved calibration interface. If abnormalities are detected in the stored baseline data, the system will automatically trigger a local warning, prompting recalibration.

[0099] By introducing a baseline calibration step before acquiring the gas detection signal, this application effectively solves the technical problem in traditional methods where the baseline signal deviates from the standard value due to environmental changes or sensor characteristic drift, leading to inaccurate or false leak detection. Specifically, the sensor signal under standard ambient gas conditions is acquired and stored as a preset baseline signal while the gas chamber is sealed, ensuring the accuracy and representativeness of the baseline signal. This calibration method eliminates external environmental interference and ensures a high degree of matching between the baseline signal and the characteristics of the actual working gas, thus providing a stable and reliable reference for subsequent leak judgment. Therefore, this solution can significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of gas leak detection, reduce false alarm and false negative rates, and ensure accurate identification of minute leaks. Simultaneously, by storing the baseline signal, a stable reference is provided for long-term operation, extending the service life and stability of the detection device. Example

[0100] In some of the solutions mentioned above in this application, gas leak detection methods are proposed to solve the leak detection problem of environmental protection switches. However, in the process of implementing these methods, there is a lack of a storable and executable software medium, which makes the method inconvenient to deploy, difficult to update, and unable to adapt to the automation needs of different scenarios.

[0101] In this regard, this application proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the computer program implements a method when executed by a processor.

[0102] The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium refers to a storage device capable of storing data long-term without data loss after power failure. This concept encompasses various physical media, such as solid-state drives (SSDs), flash memory modules, read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), etc. This storage medium provides the foundation for persistent storage of computer programs, ensuring that the logic and instructions of the gas leak detection method can exist stably and reliably, and be readily available for processor access.

[0103] The computer program refers to a set of instructions that, after being compiled or interpreted, can be recognized and executed by a processor to complete a specific task. This computer program can exist in various forms; for example, it can be an executable binary file written and compiled in high-level languages ​​such as C / C++, Java, and Python, or it can be firmware for an embedded system. This computer program carries all the logic of the aforementioned gas leak fault detection method, including a series of steps such as acquiring gas detection signals, comparing them with baseline signals, determining a leak, and identifying the leak location.

[0104] The processor refers to an electronic component capable of executing computer program instructions, performing data processing, and control operations. This processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), such as an industrial-grade microprocessor, or a microcontroller (MCU), such as a single-chip microcomputer integrated into an embedded system. The processor is the core computing unit for executing gas leak detection methods, responsible for parsing and executing each instruction in the computer program, thereby driving the automated operation of the entire detection process.

[0105] The implementation method refers to the processor reading and executing a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium to complete all the steps and functions of the aforementioned gas leak fault detection method. This includes the processor controlling the sensor to collect data according to program instructions, executing data processing algorithms, performing logical judgments, and triggering corresponding outputs (such as alarms) based on the judgment results.

[0106] This application's solution stores a gas leak detection method as a computer program on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which is then executed by a processor, forming a complete automated detection system. When the processor starts, it loads and executes the computer program from the storage medium. The program, following a preset logical sequence, calls the corresponding hardware interfaces (such as sensor interfaces and communication interfaces) to perform a series of operations, including data acquisition, signal processing, pattern recognition, and decision-making, thereby achieving real-time and accurate detection of gas leaks inside the environmental protection switch's gas chamber. For example, the program instructs the sensor to acquire a gas detection signal, then compares this signal with a stored baseline signal to calculate the signal difference. Based on these differences, the program executes preset judgment logic to identify whether a gas leak exists and further determine the leak location and type. The entire process requires no manual intervention, achieving automated and standardized execution of the detection method. This software-based implementation enables complex detection logic to run efficiently and stably, and can be closely integrated with the aforementioned gas leak fault detection methods (including gas enrichment, sensor acquisition, signal comparison, leak judgment, location identification, type judgment, etc.). It transforms detection tasks that originally required manual operation or complex hardware configuration into programmable and automatically executed processes, greatly improving the intelligence level and practicality of detection.

[0107] As a specific implementation method, the above scheme can be implemented using an embedded control unit. This control unit integrates a flash memory chip as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program (firmware) for executing the gas leak fault detection method is pre-programmed. At the core of the control unit is a low-power microcontroller, acting as the processor. When the environmental protection switch is activated, the microcontroller continuously runs the firmware program in the flash memory. The program periodically drives the gas sensor to collect gas detection signals and compares the collected data with baseline data stored in the flash memory. Once a signal difference exceeds a preset threshold, the program immediately executes the leak judgment logic and determines the leak location and type according to a preset algorithm. Subsequently, the microcontroller sends alarm information containing the leak location and type to a remote monitoring terminal via its communication interface, or issues a warning through a local display screen and buzzer.

[0108] The above technical solution embeds the gas leak detection method into a computer program stored on a non-transitory storage medium and executed by a processor, solving the problems of inconvenient deployment and difficult updates associated with traditional methods. This allows the detection method to be quickly deployed and flexibly upgraded in software form without requiring large-scale hardware modifications. Simultaneously, the processor's automated execution of the program ensures the standardization and consistency of the detection process, avoiding errors that may arise from human operation, significantly improving detection efficiency and reliability, and thus better adapting to the automated detection needs of different application scenarios.

[0109] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for detecting gas leakage faults in a compact, environmentally friendly switch, characterized in that, include: Acquire gas detection signals from inside the environmental protection switch chamber; The gas detection signal is compared with a preset baseline signal to obtain the signal difference; Based on the signal differences, it is determined whether a gas leak has occurred, and if a leak is determined, the location of the leak is identified.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the gas detection signal inside the environmental protection switch chamber includes: The leaked gas is enriched by microchannels located near the sealing surface of the gas chamber; The enriched gas is guided to the gas sensor; The response signal output by the gas sensor is collected and used as the gas detection signal.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas sensor is a surface acoustic wave impedance sensor. The response signal is an impedance change signal generated by the coupling of gas with the acoustic impedance of the sensor surface.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microchannel includes multiple independent channels that correspond to different sealing parts of the air chamber; Determining the leak location includes: identifying the specific sealing location where the leak occurred based on the differences in the gas detection signals corresponding to each of the independent flow channels.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the duration of the change in the gas detection signal, the type of leak is determined to be either a continuous leak or a momentary leak; If the duration of the change exceeds a preset time threshold, it is determined to be a continuous leak; otherwise, it is determined to be a momentary leak.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method of enriching the leaked gas using intermittent negative pressure extraction includes: During non-operational periods of the switch, negative pressure extraction is intermittently initiated according to a preset working cycle; When a switch operation signal is detected, the system switches to continuous negative pressure extraction mode.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The detected switch operation signal includes: The vibration signal of the switch is obtained through a vibration sensor; When the vibration signal exceeds a set threshold, the switch to continuous negative pressure extraction mode is triggered.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: After a leak is detected, an alarm message is generated that includes the location and type of the leak. The alarm information is sent to a remote monitoring terminal or / and a warning is issued locally.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Prior to acquiring the gas detection signal, the method further includes a baseline calibration step: With the gas chamber sealed, the sensor signal under standard ambient gas is acquired as the preset baseline signal and stored.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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