Modularized multifunctional aircraft

Abstract

The invention discloses a modularized multifunctional aircraft, and relates to the technical field of aircrafts. The aircraft comprises an aircraft main body, a remote controller and a universal quick-release interface platform arranged at the bottom of the main body, the universal quick-release interface platform is integrated with a mechanical positioning structure, an electrical communication interface and a mechanical locking structure and is used for being quickly connected with and separated from various functional modules. The functional modules comprise a fire extinguishing device module, a pesticide applying device module and an emergency manned module; flight control parameters corresponding to different functional modules are pre-stored in the aircraft main body, and after the functional modules are connected, adaptive parameters are automatically identified and loaded through the electrical communication interface. Rapid switching of various operation tasks such as fire extinguishing, pesticide applying and emergency manned is achieved through the standardized quick-release connector, and the problems that an existing aircraft is single in function, task switching is difficult, and the equipment utilization rate is low are solved; meanwhile, dual modes of onboard control and ground remote control are supported, the multi-scene adaptation capability and the emergency response efficiency of the aircraft are remarkably improved, and the equipment purchase and maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aircraft technology, specifically to a modular multi-functional aircraft that can quickly replace functional modules and adapt to multiple application scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, aircraft are widely used in agricultural plant protection, fire rescue, and low-altitude sightseeing. For example, agricultural plant protection drones carry pesticide tanks and spraying systems to spray pesticides; fire rescue drones can carry fire extinguishing bombs or fire hoses to perform high-altitude firefighting; and manned drones are used for low-altitude tourism and short-distance commuting. However, all of these types of aircraft have the following shortcomings: First, they have limited functionality and low equipment utilization. Agricultural plant protection drones can only be used for spraying pesticides, fire rescue drones can only be used for firefighting, and sightseeing drones can only be used for personnel transportation. If users need to have multiple operational capabilities, they must purchase multiple models, resulting in high procurement and maintenance costs and serious equipment idleness. Second, they are difficult to switch tasks and have poor adaptability. The mission payloads of existing aircraft mostly use fixed installations or dedicated interfaces, and different functional modules cannot be quickly interchanged; even if some models support load replacement, they often require complex disassembly and assembly tools and professional debugging, making it impossible to respond quickly in emergency scenarios. Third, they have limited operation methods and restricted usage scenarios. Some manned drones only support human passengers and cannot be remotely controlled in dangerous environments; while some operational drones only support ground-based remote control and cannot be operated with precision by personnel boarding the drone.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, a multi-purpose aircraft that is compatible with multiple functional modules, supports rapid switching, and has both manned and remote-controlled modes will be developed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a modular multi-functional aircraft. By setting up a universal quick-release interface platform, it can realize the rapid disassembly and assembly and standardized adaptation of functional modules. At the same time, by automatically loading the corresponding control parameters on the main body of the aircraft, it can ensure flight stability and operational reliability under different modules, reduce equipment investment costs, and improve multi-scenario adaptability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A modular multi-functional aircraft includes an aircraft body and a remote controller. The aircraft body has a universal quick-release interface platform in its internal cavity or lower part, and at least one functional module that can be quickly connected and disconnected from the platform.

[0007] The universal quick-release interface platform includes:

[0008] Mechanical positioning structure: used to achieve rigid connection with functional modules and ensure connection stability;

[0009] Electrical communication interface: used to provide battery power to the functional modules and to enable signal transmission between the functional modules and the main body of the aircraft;

[0010] Mechanical locking structure: used for precise positioning and installation of functional modules, ensuring consistency in module installation positions.

[0011] The main body of the aircraft includes a battery that provides power, wing motors, a rotating wing, a wireless signal receiver, aircraft landing gear, etc.

[0012] Furthermore, the aircraft body controls the flight status via a remote controller; the aircraft body pre-stores flight control parameters corresponding to different functional modules; when a functional module is connected to the aircraft body via a universal quick-release interface platform, the electrical communication interface transmits the module identification signal to the aircraft body, and the aircraft body automatically loads the corresponding flight control parameters without manual adjustment.

[0013] Furthermore, the mechanical positioning structure is one of an electromagnetic lock, a mechanical buckle, or a spring locking pin, and the appropriate locking method can be selected according to the usage scenario requirements; the universal quick-release interface platform is equipped with a status indicator light or a mechanical safety pin on the outside, which is used to display the locking status of the mechanical positioning structure in real time, so that users can intuitively judge whether the connection is reliable.

[0014] Furthermore, the mechanical locking structure is a combination of locating pin holes and threaded holes arranged in a rectangular array. The locating pin holes are used to quickly position the functional modules, and the threaded holes are used to assist in fixing, ensuring that the modules are installed without offset or loosening. At the same time, the rectangular array design provides the functional modules with standardized installation benchmarks, adapting to the general installation requirements of different types of functional modules.

[0015] Furthermore, the functional modules include, but are not limited to, a fire extinguishing device module, a pesticide application device module, and an emergency personnel transport module; wherein:

[0016] The fire extinguishing device module includes two implementation forms: the first is a tank-type structure, including a tank for storing fire extinguishing agent, a spray head, and a spray switch. The spray switch is remotely triggered by a remote controller, and the module is connected to a universal quick-release interface platform through a mounting plate that matches the mechanical locking structure; the second is a fire extinguishing bomb-type structure, including a fire extinguishing bomb, a shell for holding the fire extinguishing bomb, and a fire extinguishing bomb igniter located at the bottom of the shell. The igniter is remotely triggered, and the module is connected to a universal quick-release interface platform through a matching mounting plate.

[0017] The application device module includes a medicine tank, a liquid pump, and a spraying mechanism. The liquid pump is started remotely. The module is connected to a universal quick-release interface platform through a matching mounting plate and is suitable for agricultural plant protection, disinfection and epidemic prevention, and other scenarios.

[0018] The emergency manned module includes a box with a hatch and safety restraint straps installed inside the box. The top of the module is equipped with an installation plate that matches the mechanical locking structure, and it is suitable for emergency personnel transfer or material transportation.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] High versatility: Through the standardized installation structure and electrical communication interface of the universal quick-release interface platform, multiple functional modules can be interchanged and adapted. One aircraft can meet the operational needs of multiple scenarios such as fire fighting, plant protection, and emergency rescue, greatly reducing equipment purchase and maintenance costs.

[0021] Easy to install and disassemble: The mechanical positioning structure and electrical communication interface are integrated into the design. The functional modules can be quickly connected to the universal quick-release interface platform through the mounting plate. No separate operation of the electrical circuit is required. The installation and disassembly process is simple and efficient, and the function can be switched in a short time.

[0022] Flight stability: The main body of the aircraft has pre-stored flight control parameters corresponding to different functional modules. After the modules are connected, they are automatically identified and the adaptive parameters are loaded. No manual debugging is required, which avoids flight instability caused by load and center of gravity changes and improves operational safety.

[0023] Reliable connection: The mechanical locking structure ensures accurate module positioning. The mechanical positioning structure, together with status indicator lights or mechanical safety pins, provides real-time feedback on the connection status, preventing modules from loosening or falling off and ensuring the reliability of the operation process.

[0024] Excellent scalability: The standardized design of the universal quick-release interface platform facilitates the development of new functional modules. The modules can be adapted to the existing aircraft body simply by designing them according to the mechanical locking structure and electrical communication protocol, which provides strong scalability. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a modular multi-functional aircraft according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a modular multi-functional aircraft according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the universal quick-release interface platform structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing device module structure in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the fire extinguishing bomb module in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drug application device module in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure label:

[0033] 1. Aircraft body; 2. Universal quick-release interface platform; 3. Fire extinguishing device module; 4. Chemical dispensing device module; 5. Emergency manned module; 6. Battery; 7. Wireless signal receiver.

[0034] 11. Internal cavity; 12. Wing motor; 13. Rotary wing; 14. Aircraft landing gear;

[0035] 21. Mechanical positioning structure; 22. Mechanical locking structure; 23. Electrical communication interface;

[0036] 31. Fire extinguishing bomb; 32. Casing; 33. Ignition device;

[0037] 41. Medicine tank; 42. Liquid pump; 43. Spraying mechanism; 44. Application device module plate. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a modular multi-functional aircraft, including an aircraft body, a remote controller, a universal quick-release interface platform, and functional modules.

[0041] The main body of the aircraft 1 is made of carbon fiber, which has the characteristics of being lightweight and high-strength. The main body of the aircraft 1 has a built-in battery 6 that drives four wing motors 12 to drive the rotating wings 13, providing lift for flight and providing the necessary power supply for the functional modules. The main body of the aircraft 1 has a built-in flight control module, a wireless signal receiver 7 and a positioning module (such as GPS / BeiDou) to realize remote signal transmission. The flight control module has pre-stored flight control parameters (such as load adaptation parameters, center of gravity compensation parameters, flight speed limit parameters, etc.) corresponding to different functional modules such as fire extinguishing, drug application and manned flight. The main body of the aircraft 1 controls the flight through a remote controller.

[0042] The aircraft body 1 has a hollow inner cavity 11. A universal quick-release interface platform 2 is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity 11. Various functional modules are fixedly installed in the inner cavity 11 of the aircraft body 1. The quick-release interface platform 2 is structured as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the system includes a mechanical positioning structure 21, an electrical communication interface 23, a mechanical locking structure 22, and a status indicator light. In this embodiment, the mechanical locking structure 22 is an electromagnetic lock, and the control end of the electromagnetic lock is electrically connected to the main body of the aircraft. The electrical communication interface 23 is a waterproof multi-pin connector, integrating power pins, signal transmission pins, and module identification pins, and is fixedly located at the center of the universal quick-release interface platform 2. The status indicator light is an LED light, located at the edge of the universal quick-release interface platform 2, and electrically connected to the detection end of the electromagnetic lock. When the electromagnetic lock is locked, the status indicator light illuminates green, and when it is not locked, it illuminates red.

[0043] The functional module connects to the universal quick-release interface platform 2 via a mounting plate. The mounting plate has a positioning slot that matches the mechanical positioning structure 21, and a plug that adapts to the electrical communication interface 23. During installation, the positioning slot on the mounting plate is first inserted into the mechanical positioning structure 21 for quick positioning. At this time, the plug of the electrical communication interface 23 connects to the socket. After the aircraft body detects the module connection through the electrical communication interface 23, it controls the electromagnetic lock to lock, and the status indicator light illuminates green. Simultaneously, the aircraft body loads the corresponding flight control parameters based on the module identification signal, completing the installation and adaptation. For disassembly, an unlocking command is sent via the remote controller, and the aircraft body controls the electromagnetic lock to unlock, the status indicator light turns red, and the functional module can be directly removed. The operation is convenient.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] This embodiment, based on embodiment 1, incorporates a tank-type fire extinguishing device module 3, including a tank, a nozzle, a spray switch, and a mounting plate. The tank is made of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy, has a volume of 5L, and is used to store water-based or dry powder fire extinguishing agents. The nozzle is located at the bottom of the tank, employs a wide-angle spray design, has a spray angle of 120°, and a spray distance of 8-10m. The spray switch is a solenoid valve, electrically connected to the signal pin of the electrical communication interface 23. Control commands are sent via a remote controller, which are then relayed to the spray switch by the aircraft body, enabling remote triggering. The mounting plate is fixed to the tank by welding. The mounting plate has positioning pins and through holes, and is compatible with the mechanical locking structure 22 of the universal quick-release interface platform 2.

[0046] When using this module for firefighting operations, the storage tank type fire extinguishing device module 3 is connected to the universal quick-release interface platform 2 via the mounting plate. After the aircraft body is identified, the flight control parameters corresponding to the firefighting operation are loaded (such as reducing flight speed and improving hovering stability). The operator controls the aircraft to fly to the airspace above the fire scene via the remote control, adjusts the flight altitude, sends a spray command, the spray switch is turned on, and the fire extinguishing agent is atomized by the spray head to cover the fire source, thus realizing the fire extinguishing operation.

[0047] Example 3:

[0048] This embodiment adds a fire extinguishing bomb-type fire extinguishing device module 3 to the existing embodiment 1, such as... Figure 4-5 As shown, the system includes a fire extinguishing bomb 31, a casing 32, an igniter 33, and a mounting plate. The casing 32 is a cylindrical structure with three fire extinguishing bomb placement chambers inside. The fire extinguishing bomb 31 is a dry powder fire extinguishing bomb with a diameter of 80mm and a length of 150mm. Each fire extinguishing bomb 31 has a fire extinguishing range of 10m². The igniter 33 is an electric ignition device located at the bottom of each fire extinguishing bomb placement chamber and is electrically connected to the signal pin of the electrical communication interface 23. It can control the ignition of one or more fire extinguishing bombs 31 via a remote control. The mounting plate is fixed to the casing 32 with bolts. The mounting plate has positioning pins and through holes adapted to the mechanical locking structure 22. Multiple fire extinguishing bombs 31 can be installed side by side through the corresponding universal quick-release interface platform 2. For easy launch, the warheads of the casing 32 and the fire extinguishing bombs 31 penetrate the outer shell of the aircraft body 1.

[0049] This module is suitable for large-scale fires or fire sources that are difficult to access. After installation, the main body of the aircraft is loaded with the corresponding flight control parameters (such as adjusting the flight center of gravity compensation, limiting flight acceleration, etc.). The aircraft carries the fire extinguishing bomb 31 and flies to a distance of 50-100m above the fire source. The operator sends an ignition command through the remote control. The igniter 33 triggers the fire extinguishing bomb 31 to explode, and the dry powder extinguishing agent spreads and covers the fire source to achieve rapid fire extinguishing.

[0050] Example 4:

[0051] This embodiment adds a drug application device module 4 to the existing embodiment 1, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the device includes a medicine tank 41, a liquid pump 42, a spraying mechanism 43, and a pesticide application module mounting plate 44. The medicine tank 41 is made of food-grade plastic and has a volume of 10L. It has a dosing port and a sealing cap on the top. The liquid pump 42 is a miniature diaphragm pump with a working pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa. It is electrically connected to the power and signal pins of the electrical communication interface 23. The pump is controlled to operate by sending a start command via a remote control. The nozzles of the spraying mechanism 43 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the UAV body 1. The nozzles are fan-shaped mist nozzles with a droplet size of 100-150μm and a spray width of up to 5m. The pesticide application module mounting plate 44 is fixed to the medicine tank 41 with bolts and is compatible with the installation structure of the universal quick-release interface platform 2.

[0052] This module is suitable for scenarios such as agricultural plant protection and urban greening disinfection. After installation, the main body 1 of the aircraft loads the flight control parameters corresponding to the pesticide application operation (such as setting a uniform flight speed and maintaining a stable flight altitude). After the pesticide or disinfectant is injected into the tank 41, the aircraft flies according to the preset route. The liquid pump 42 is started to deliver the liquid to the spraying mechanism 43. After being atomized by the nozzle, it is sprayed evenly. The operation efficiency can reach 10-15 acres / hour.

[0053] Example 5:

[0054] This embodiment adds an emergency manned module 5 to the existing embodiment 1, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a housing, a hatch, safety restraints, and a mounting plate. The housing is made of lightweight, high-strength fiberglass and can accommodate occupants or cargo. The hatch is located on the side of the housing and uses a snap-on sealing structure to ensure reliable closure during flight. The safety restraints are three-point harnesses, fixed inside the housing to secure occupants or cargo. The mounting plate is made of thickened aluminum alloy and is welded to the top of the housing. The mounting plate has reinforcing ribs to improve load-bearing capacity, and its positioning pins and through holes are compatible with the universal quick-release interface platform 2.

[0055] This module is suitable for emergency rescue scenarios, such as transferring people trapped in high-rise buildings and transporting small supplies to remote areas. After installation, the aircraft body is loaded with flight control parameters corresponding to the passenger / cargo load (such as reducing maximum flight speed, improving hovering accuracy, and increasing power redundancy) to ensure flight safety. In use, the hatch is opened, occupants enter the container, fasten their safety harnesses, the hatch is closed and locked, and the aircraft takes off and flies along a preset route to a safe area to complete the transfer operation.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular multi-functional aircraft, comprising an aircraft body and a remote controller, characterized in that: The aircraft body has a universal quick-release interface platform in its inner cavity and / or lower part, as well as at least one functional module that can be quickly connected and separated from the platform. The universal quick-release interface platform includes: a mechanical positioning structure for rigid connection with the functional module; an electrical communication interface for power transmission and signal transmission with the functional module; and a mechanical locking structure for positioning and installing the functional module. The functional module is selected from at least one of the following: fire extinguishing device module, drug application device module, and emergency manned module.

2. A modular multi-functional aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the aircraft controls its flight status via a remote controller; The main body of the aircraft contains pre-stored flight control parameters corresponding to different functional modules. When a functional module is connected, the electrical communication interface transmits the module identification signal to the main body of the aircraft, and the main body of the aircraft automatically loads the corresponding flight control parameters.

3. A modular multi-functional aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical positioning structure is one of an electromagnetic lock, a mechanical buckle, or a spring locking pin; the outer side of the universal quick-release interface platform is provided with a status indicator light or a mechanical safety pin for displaying the locking status.

4. A modular multi-functional aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mechanical locking structure is a combination of locating pin holes and threaded holes arranged in a rectangular array.

5. A modular multi-functional aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional module is a fire extinguishing device module, which includes a fire extinguishing bomb, a housing for holding the fire extinguishing bomb, and a fire extinguishing bomb igniter located at the bottom of the housing. The igniter is triggered by remote control.

6. A modular multi-functional aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional module is a pesticide application device module, which includes a pesticide tank, a liquid pump, and a spraying mechanism. The liquid pump is started remotely.

7. A modular multi-functional aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The functional module is an emergency manned module, which includes a box with a hatch and safety restraint straps installed inside the box.

8. A modular multi-functional aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery provides power to operate all modules of the aircraft.

9. A modular multi-functional aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless signal receiver and wireless remote control are used to operate the various modules of the aircraft.

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