Algorithm for automatic detection and display based on periodontal detector

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic detection and display algorithm based on a periodontal detector, which is applied to a P.g bacterium automatic detection device, and the device comprises a main controller, a cover state detection module, a test tube existence detection module, a detection execution module, a nixie tube display module, a power supply module and a power supply key integrated with a multicolor state indicating lamp. The algorithm is executed according to the following steps: S1, power-on self-test and state indication: after a power line is connected, a user presses down a power key, and a main controller is powered on and starts a self-test program; during the self-checking period, the main controller controls the multi-color state indicating lamp to be lightened in a red flashing mode; the technical problems that in a detection scene for P.g bacteria and other specific strains in the prior art, a detection method and existing simple automatic equipment both depend on manual judgment in operation, are insufficient in safety and reliability, lack in equipment state indication, poor in man-machine interaction experience, opaque in detection process and high in result interpretation threshold are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of periodontal testing instruments, and more particularly to an algorithm for automatic detection and display based on periodontal testing instruments. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of rapid microbial detection, especially for specific species such as Pg bacteria, traditional laboratory testing methods and existing simple automated equipment have significant shortcomings, making it difficult to meet the safety, reliability, and user experience requirements of clinical and primary care testing scenarios. Specific deficiencies are as follows: 1. Operation relies on manual judgment, resulting in insufficient safety and reliability. The startup prerequisites and pre-test preparations for existing equipment, such as whether the test chamber lid is sealed tightly and whether the test tubes are correctly placed, heavily depend on the operator's visual observation and subjective judgment. This mode is prone to human negligence, such as a loose lid or missing test tubes, leading to the equipment being started and operated in an unsealed or incompletely prepared state. This not only directly causes test failure and reagent waste, but may also lead to leakage of biological samples, posing a serious biosafety hazard. 2. Lack of equipment status indicators and poor human-machine interaction experience: Most devices lack clear status feedback mechanisms during critical operating phases, such as power-on self-test, standby readiness, and testing operation. Users cannot quickly identify whether the device is currently in a "waiting for self-test," "self-testing," "ready to start," or "testing operation" state, and can only wait passively, leading to operational delays. Furthermore, there are no intuitive prompts when equipment malfunctions, making it difficult for users to perform initial troubleshooting and requiring professional intervention, increasing maintenance costs.

[0003] 3. The testing process is opaque and the interpretation of results is difficult. The operation of existing testing equipment is "black box," and users cannot obtain the remaining testing time, which can easily cause anxiety and make it difficult to plan subsequent work reasonably. At the same time, the test results are mostly presented in the form of codes, such as "01" and "02," which require users to manually interpret them by referring to the equipment manual. This is not only time-consuming, but may also lead to misjudgment due to interpretation errors, which is not conducive to quickly formulating subsequent processing solutions.

[0004] In summary, for the detection of specific bacterial species such as Pg bacteria, existing technical solutions, including laboratory testing methods and existing simple automated equipment, suffer from technical problems such as reliance on manual judgment during operation, insufficient safety and reliability, lack of equipment status indication, poor human-computer interaction experience, opaque testing process, and high threshold for result interpretation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal testing instrument, which solves the technical problems in the existing technology for the detection of specific bacteria such as Pg bacteria. These problems include the reliance on manual judgment in operation, insufficient safety and reliability, lack of equipment status indication, poor human-computer interaction experience, and high threshold for result interpretation in the detection process.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows.

[0007] An algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal testing instrument is provided, including an automatic detection device for Pg bacteria. The device includes a main controller, a lid status detection module, a test tube presence detection module, a detection execution module, a digital display module, a power supply module, and a power button integrating multi-color status indicator lights. The algorithm executes according to the following steps: S1. Power-on self-test and status indication: After connecting the power cord, the user presses the power button, the main controller powers on and starts the self-test program; during the self-test, the main controller controls the multi-color status indicator to light up in a red flashing mode to indicate that the device is in an internal self-test state. S2. Readiness Status Judgment and Indication: After the self-test passes, the multi-color status indicator light switches to a solid green mode. When the user places the test tube and closes the cap, upon receiving a valid cap-closing signal, the main controller controls the multi-color status indicator light to switch to a flashing blue state and moves the test tube to the test tube presence detection module position to check for a valid test tube. When both conditions are met simultaneously, the main controller controls the blue and red lights to flash simultaneously, and the slave unit enters the reset state. After the slave unit completes the reset, the equipment is ready.

[0008] S3. Detection process control and feedback: When the equipment is in the ready state, the main controller starts the detection execution module and performs two operations at the same time: first, it switches the multi-color status indicator to the blue flashing mode; second, it starts the countdown of the remaining detection time on the digital tube display module and dynamically updates the countdown value. S4. Result Output and Status Reset: After the detection execution module completes the detection, the main controller analyzes the detection data to determine the Pg bacteria concentration level, and then controls the multi-color status indicator to return to the green constant light mode, and stably displays the concentration level information on the digital tube display module.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: A further technical solution is as follows: the main controller is an ESP32-S3 series microcontroller, used to realize the self-test program operation, the acquisition of signals from each module, the control of status indicator lights, and the driving of digital tube display.

[0010] A further technical solution is as follows: the lid status detection module adopts an on / off switch. When the lid is fully closed, the switch is closed and a valid lid closure signal is output; the test tube presence detection module includes a blue light source and a light source sensor. The blue light source continuously emits blue light. When the test tube is placed in position, the detection solution produces a specific reflection or absorption effect on the blue light. The light source sensor receives the change in light intensity and outputs a valid test tube placement signal.

[0011] A further technical solution is as follows: the multi-color status indicator is a three-color RGB LED, with its common anode terminal connected to a 3.3V power supply, and the red, green, and blue cathode terminals connected to three GPIO pins of the main controller through current-limiting resistors respectively; the main controller controls the on / off state of each cathode terminal by outputting a PWM wave or high / low level, realizing the switching of red flashing, green flashing, green solid light, and blue flashing modes, with a flashing frequency of 1Hz and each on / off time of 0.5 seconds.

[0012] A further technical solution is as follows: the digital tube display module is a 3-digit common cathode digital tube, which communicates with the main controller through the TM1640 series driver chip; when the countdown is displayed, the digital tube presents the remaining time in a specific format; when the concentration level is displayed, it is presented in the format of P-1, P-2, and P-3, which correspond to different Pg bacteria concentration ranges respectively.

[0013] A further technical solution includes an exception handling step: if the main controller detects problems such as memory failure or sensor communication abnormality during the S1-1 self-test, it immediately terminates the self-test program, controls the multi-color status indicator to switch to a red constant-on mode, and displays the error code ErrX on the digital tube display module, where X is an integer from 1 to 5, corresponding to different fault types.

[0014] Further technical solutions are as follows: There are two triggering methods for starting the detection execution module in S3: one is automatic triggering, that is, after the device enters the ready state, the main controller automatically starts the detection execution module after a preset delay; the other is manual triggering, that is, after the device is ready, the user presses the independently set start detection button, and the main controller starts the detection execution module after receiving the button signal.

[0015] A further technical solution is as follows: The specific process for determining the concentration level of Pg bacteria in S4 is as follows: The main controller collects the detection data output by the detection execution module, and the data is stored in the form of AD values; the main controller calls the threshold range pre-stored in the internal storage unit, compares the collected AD values ​​with the threshold range, and matches the corresponding concentration level. The threshold range is calibrated through previous experimental data.

[0016] An automatic detection device for Pg bacteria, employing the algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal analyzer as described in any one of claims 1-8, the device comprising a main controller, a lid status detection module, a test tube presence detection module, a detection execution module, a digital tube display module, a power supply module, and a power button with integrated multi-color status indicator lights, each module being electrically connected to the main controller via wires or an I2C communication interface.

[0017] As a further improvement to the above technical solution: A further technical solution is as follows: The power supply module includes an AC-DC conversion circuit and a DC-DC voltage regulator circuit, which can output three voltages: 3.3V, 5V, and 12V, to power different modules respectively, and has overcurrent and overvoltage protection functions; the 3.3V voltage supplies the main controller and status indicator lights, the 5V voltage supplies the digital tube display module, and the 12V voltage supplies the detection and execution module and the blue light power supply.

[0018] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. Through dual automatic verification by the lid status detection module and the test tube presence detection module, the device will only enter the ready state when both conditions are met. This fundamentally avoids problems such as lids not being closed properly or test tubes being left out due to human error, reducing test failures and reagent waste, while eliminating the risk of biosafety leaks. Furthermore, the self-test program can quickly troubleshoot hardware faults, and error code prompts can help users or maintenance personnel accurately locate problems, reducing the difficulty and cost of equipment maintenance. 2. Multi-color status indicator lights clearly display the different states of the equipment during self-test, preparation, readiness, and testing through different modes such as red flashing, green flashing, solid green, and blue flashing, allowing users to monitor the equipment's operation at any time without passively waiting. The digital display dynamically shows the remaining testing time and intuitive concentration levels, replacing traditional code interpretation methods. Users can quickly obtain testing progress and results, reducing anxiety and improving the user experience. 3. The algorithm supports both automatic and manual detection triggering modes. Automatic triggering is suitable for batch testing scenarios, reducing manual operation; manual triggering meets the flexible needs of single-sample testing and adapts to different usage scenarios. The main controller automatically determines the Pg bacteria concentration level based on pre-stored threshold ranges, eliminating the need for manual calculation or referring to manuals, lowering the operating threshold, and enabling the device to be conveniently used in non-professional laboratory scenarios such as primary healthcare institutions and dental clinics. 4. The hardware utilizes low-cost, general-purpose components such as ESP32-S3 and TM1640, effectively controlling equipment production costs and facilitating mass production. The algorithm is based on standard GPIO and I2C communication design, which can flexibly adapt to different models of lid detection switches and light source sensors without requiring significant hardware modifications, ensuring strong compatibility and promoting the promotion and application of the technology. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal testing instrument in this invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is the circuit diagram of the ESP32 in this invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is the circuit diagram of the indicator light in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This application provides an algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal testing instrument, which solves the technical problems in the existing technology for detecting specific bacteria such as Pg bacteria. These problems include reliance on manual judgment in operation, insufficient safety and reliability, lack of equipment status indication, poor human-computer interaction experience, opaque detection process, and high threshold for result interpretation.

[0023] The technical solution in this application is to solve the above problems, and the overall approach is as follows: To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0024] An algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal detector, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, it includes: Main controller: The ESP32-S3 microcontroller is selected. This controller has abundant GPIO pins, 16MB flash memory and 8MB SRAM, which can meet the needs of simultaneous control and data processing of multiple modules and ensure stable operation of the algorithm. Cover status detection module: It adopts a normally open micro switch, which is installed inside the detection compartment cover. When the cover is fully closed, the switch is squeezed and closed, and outputs a low-level valid signal to the designated GPIO pin of the main controller. The test tube detection module uses a 450nm LED light source with a 5V power supply, installed on one side of the test tube placement slot. A BH1750 light sensor with an I2C communication interface is installed on the other side of the slot. Once the test tube is in place, the detection solution reduces the reflected blue light intensity by more than 30%. The sensor converts the light intensity signal into an AD value. When the AD value is higher than 1000, it is considered a valid signal and is sent to the main controller via I2C communication. Digital tube display module: A 3-digit common cathode digital tube, model SM410564, is selected and connected to the TM1640 driver chip; the driver chip communicates with the main controller via I2C through the SDA and SCLK pins; the digital tube is installed on the front of the device for easy observation of the displayed content by the user. Multi-color status indicator: It adopts a tri-color RGB LED, which is of common anode type; its red cathode is connected to one GPIO pin of the main controller through a 1kΩ current-limiting resistor, its green cathode is connected to another GPIO pin, and its blue cathode is connected to a third GPIO pin; the LED is integrated inside the power button, and when the button is pressed, it triggers the main controller to power on; Power module: The input voltage is AC220V, which is converted to DC12V by an AC-DC converter, and then outputs 5V and 3.3V voltages respectively through a DC-DC voltage regulator chip to power each module; at the same time, a 10uF electrolytic capacitor is configured for filtering and voltage regulation to ensure stable power supply.

[0025] Algorithm execution flow Power-on Self-Test (S1): When the user connects to an AC220V power supply and presses the power button, the main controller powers on upon receiving the button trigger signal on the designated GPIO pin and immediately starts the self-test program. The self-test program includes three core components: First, it verifies the data integrity of the internal SRAM and flash memory to ensure that the stored data is error-free; second, it checks whether the light source sensor is responding normally via I2C communication to determine if the sensor is faulty; and third, it detects the initial state of the microswitch, which should be high when not closed. During the self-test, the main controller controls the corresponding GPIO pin to output a 1Hz PWM wave with a duty cycle of 50%, causing the RGB LED to blink red. This process lasts for approximately 10 seconds. Readiness Status Determination (S2): After the self-test passes, the main controller stops the PWM wave output of the red LED and instead controls the GPIO pin corresponding to the green LED to output a 1Hz PWM wave, making the LED constantly green. When a low level is detected in the micro switch signal, the main controller stops the PWM wave output of the green LED and instead controls the GPIO pin corresponding to the blue LED to output a 1Hz PWM wave, making the LED blink blue. The main controller then moves the test tube to the test tube presence detection module position to check if a valid test tube is placed. When the AD value of the detected light source sensor is higher than 1000, the main controller controls the GPIO pins corresponding to the blue and red LEDs to output a 1Hz PWM wave, and the slave unit enters the reset state. After the slave unit resets, the device is determined to be ready, and the main controller controls the GPIO pin corresponding to the blue LED to output a 1Hz PWM wave, making the LED keep blinking blue. Detection process start-up and feedback (S3): After the equipment enters the ready state, the main controller delays for 5 seconds to automatically trigger the detection execution module, controls the heating element in the detection chamber to be powered on, raises the temperature to 94℃, and starts the reagent reaction timer. The TM1640 driver chip controls the digital tube to start the countdown, initially displaying 40 minutes, decreasing by 1 minute every minute until 0 minutes are displayed; Result Output (S4): After the countdown ends, the main controller shuts down the detection execution module, stops the PWM wave output of the blue LED, and re-controls the GPIO pin corresponding to the green LED to output a low level, so that the LED returns to a solid green light. Subsequently, the main controller reads the AD value after the detection execution module responds. If the acquired AD value is 350, it is compared with the pre-stored threshold range. 0-200 corresponds to P-1, 201-500 corresponds to P-2, and 501-1000 corresponds to P-3. The controller determines that the AD value corresponds to the P-2 level and displays P-2 stably on the digital tube. Troubleshooting: If the light source sensor does not respond during the self-test, the main controller will immediately control the GPIO pin corresponding to the red LED to output a low level, keeping the LED constantly red and displaying the error code Err2 on the digital tube, prompting the user to check if the sensor wiring is correct.

[0026] Beneficial effects 1. Through dual automatic verification by the lid status detection module and the test tube presence detection module, the device will only enter the ready state when both conditions are met. This fundamentally avoids problems such as lids not being closed properly or test tubes being left out due to human error, reducing test failures and reagent waste, while eliminating the risk of biosafety leaks. Furthermore, the self-test program can quickly troubleshoot hardware faults, and error code prompts can help users or maintenance personnel accurately locate problems, reducing the difficulty and cost of equipment maintenance. 2. Multi-color status indicator lights clearly display the different states of the equipment during self-test, preparation, readiness, and testing through different modes such as red flashing, green flashing, solid green, and blue flashing, allowing users to monitor the equipment's operation at any time without passively waiting. The digital display dynamically shows the remaining testing time and intuitive concentration levels, replacing traditional code interpretation methods. Users can quickly obtain testing progress and results, reducing anxiety and improving the user experience. 3. The algorithm supports both automatic and manual detection triggering modes. Automatic triggering is suitable for batch testing scenarios, reducing manual operation; manual triggering meets the flexible needs of single-sample testing and adapts to different usage scenarios. The main controller automatically determines the Pg bacteria concentration level based on pre-stored threshold ranges, eliminating the need for manual calculation or referring to manuals, lowering the operating threshold, and enabling the device to be conveniently used in non-professional laboratory scenarios such as primary healthcare institutions and dental clinics. 4. The hardware utilizes low-cost, general-purpose components such as ESP32-S3 and TM1640, effectively controlling equipment production costs and facilitating mass production. The algorithm is based on standard GPIO and I2C communication design, which can flexibly adapt to different models of lid detection switches and light source sensors without requiring significant hardware modifications, ensuring strong compatibility and promoting the promotion and application of the technology.

[0027] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0028] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal detector, characterized in that, This includes an automated detection device for Pg bacteria, comprising a main controller, a cap status detection module, a test tube presence detection module, a detection execution module, a digital display module, a power supply module, and a power button integrating multi-color status indicator lights; the algorithm is executed according to the following steps: S1. Power-on self-test and status indication: After connecting the power cord, the user presses the power button, the main controller powers on and starts the self-test program; during the self-test, the main controller controls the multi-color status indicator to light up in a red flashing mode to indicate that the device is in an internal self-test state. S2. Readiness Status Judgment and Indication: After the self-test passes, the multi-color status indicator light switches to a solid green mode. When the user places the test tube and closes the lid, upon receiving a valid lid closing signal, the main controller controls the multi-color status indicator light to switch to a flashing blue state and moves the test tube to the test tube presence detection module position to check whether a valid test tube is placed. When both conditions are met simultaneously, the main controller controls the blue and red lights to flash simultaneously, and the slave unit enters the reset state. After the slave unit resets, the equipment is ready. S3. Detection process control and feedback: When the equipment is in the ready state, the main controller starts the detection execution module and performs two operations at the same time: first, it switches the multi-color status indicator to the blue flashing mode; second, it starts the countdown of the remaining detection time on the digital tube display module and dynamically updates the countdown value. S4. Result Output and Status Reset: After the detection execution module completes the detection, the main controller analyzes the detection data to determine the Pg bacteria concentration level, and then controls the multi-color status indicator to return to the green constant light mode, and stably displays the concentration level information on the digital tube display module.

2. The algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal detector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main controller is an ESP32-S3 series microcontroller, used to implement self-test program operation, signal acquisition of each module, status indicator control, and digital tube display driving.

3. The algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal detector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lid status detection module uses an on / off switch. When the lid is fully closed, the switch closes and outputs a valid lid closure signal. The test tube presence detection module includes a blue light source and a light source sensor. The blue light source continuously emits blue light. When the test tube is placed in position, the detection solution produces a specific reflection or absorption effect on the blue light. The light source sensor receives the change in light intensity and outputs a valid test tube placement signal.

4. The algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal detector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-color status indicator is a three-color RGB LED. Its common anode is connected to a 3.3V power supply, and the red, green, and blue cathodes are connected to the three GPIO pins of the main controller through current-limiting resistors. The main controller controls the on / off state of each cathode by outputting a PWM wave or high / low level, realizing the switching of red flashing, green flashing, green solid, and blue flashing modes. The flashing frequency is 1Hz, and each flash lasts for 0.5 seconds.

5. The algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal detector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The digital tube display module is a 3-digit common cathode digital tube, which communicates with the main controller through the TM1640 series driver chip; when the countdown is displayed, the digital tube presents the remaining time in a specific format; when the concentration level is displayed, it is presented in the format of P-1, P-2, and P-3, which correspond to different Pg bacteria concentration ranges.

6. The algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal detector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an exception handling procedure: if the main controller detects problems such as memory failure or sensor communication abnormality during the S1-1 self-test, it immediately terminates the self-test program, controls the multi-color status indicator to switch to a red constant-on mode, and displays the error code ErrX on the digital tube display module, where X is an integer from 1 to 5, corresponding to different fault types.

7. The algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal detector as described in claim 5, characterized in that, There are two triggering methods for starting the detection execution module in S3: one is automatic triggering, that is, after the device enters the ready state, the main controller automatically starts the detection execution module after a preset delay; the other is manual triggering, that is, after the device is ready, the user presses the independently set start detection button, and the main controller starts the detection execution module after receiving the button signal.

8. The algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal detector as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific process for determining the concentration level of Pg bacteria in S4 is as follows: The main controller collects the detection data output by the detection execution module, which is stored in the form of AD values; the main controller calls the threshold range pre-stored in the internal storage unit, compares the collected AD values ​​with the threshold range, and matches the corresponding concentration level. The threshold range is calibrated through previous experimental data.

9. An automatic detection device for Pg bacteria, characterized in that, The device employs the algorithm for automatic detection and display based on a periodontal testing instrument as described in any one of claims 1-8. The device includes a main controller, a lid status detection module, a test tube presence detection module, a detection execution module, a digital tube display module, a power supply module, and a power button with integrated multi-color status indicator lights. Each module is electrically connected to the main controller via wires or an I2C communication interface.

10. The automatic detection device for Pg bacteria according to claim 9, characterized in that, The power module includes an AC-DC conversion circuit and a DC-DC voltage regulator circuit, which can output three voltages: 3.3V, 5V, and 12V, to power different modules respectively, and has overcurrent and overvoltage protection functions; the 3.3V voltage supplies the main controller and status indicator lights, the 5V voltage supplies the digital tube display module, and the 12V voltage supplies the detection and execution module and the blue light power supply.

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